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Disuse osteoporosis (OP) is a state of bone loss due to lack of mechanical stimuli, probably induced by prolonged bed rest, neurological diseases, as well as microgravity. Currently the precise treatment strategies of disuse OP remain largely unexplored. Piezo1, a mechanosensitive calcium (Ca2+) ion channel, is a key force sensor mediating mechanotransduction and it is demonstrated to regulate bone homeostasis and osteogenesis in response to mechanical forces. Using structure‐based drug design, a novel small‐molecule Piezo1 agonist, MCB‐22‐174, which can effectively activate Piezo1 and initiate Ca2+ influx, is developed and is more potent than the canonical Piezo1 agonist, Yoda1. Moreover, MCB‐22‐174 is found as a safe Piezo1 agonist without any signs of serious toxicity. Mechanistically, Piezo1 activation promotes the proliferation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells by activating the Ca2+‐related extracellular signal‐related kinases and calcium–calmodulin (CaM)‐dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) pathway. Importantly, MCB‐22‐174 could effectively promote osteogenesis and attenuate disuse OP in vivo. Overall, the findings provide a promising therapeutic strategy for disuse OP by chemical activation of Piezo1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, we propose a set of new expressions of four noise parameters for InP high electron mobility transistor (HEMT) devices based on PRC noise equivalent circuit model. The effects of gate‐to‐drain capacitance, drain‐to‐source conductance as well as extrinsic resistances have been taken into account. High consistency between measured and modeled noise parameters for 70 nm HEMT with 2 × 30 μm gate width in the frequency range 8–50 GHz are given by the expressions. Great usability is demonstrated for determination of small signal and noise model parameters extraction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Amino acids (AAs) are the building blocks of proteins, but they also serve as biological compounds in biochemical processes, and d‐AA isomers are increasingly being recognized as important signaling molecules. As the main organic substrate used by cells in the intestinal tract, the role of the chiral specificity of glutamine is still largely ignored. RESULTS: In a previous study, we found that d‐glutamine affected the quorum sensing of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum A3, promoted the release of signaling molecule AI‐2 and up‐regulated the expression of the LuxS gene. The results showed that when d‐glutamine and L. plantarum A3 were simultaneously applied to a mouse model, the diversity and abundance of intestinal flora in both male and female mice were increased. Interestingly, the simultaneous effect of d‐glutamine and L. plantarum A3 on the bacterial diversity and abundance of male mice was significantly higher than that of female mice. In addition, the combination of d‐glutamine and L. plantarum A3 can improve the host microecology by enhancing the population of Firmicutes such as Lactobacillus and Lachnospiraceae, reducing the population of Fusobacterium and Bacteroides and affecting metabolic pathways such as AA metabolism and transporter transport. CONCLUSION: d‐Glutamine, as a signaling molecule, can better stimulate the endogenous d‐glutamine synthesis in mice and be utilized by L. plantarum A3. Furthermore, sex differences in the changes of intestinal microflora are also found in this research. This research sheds some light on the adoption of d‐AAs combined with lactic acid bacteria in intestinal tract health treatment. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This Bayesian network meta‐analysis was performed to analyze the associations between clinicopathological characteristics and BRAF mutations in ameloblastoma (AM) patients and to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy. Materials and Methods: Four electronic databases were searched from 2010 to 2024. The search terms used were specific to BRAF and AM. Observational studies or randomized controlled trials were considered eligible. The incidence of BRAF mutation and corresponding clinicopathological features in AM patients were subjected to Bayesian network analyses and diagnostic accuracy evaluation. Results: A total of 937 AM patients from 20 studies were included. The pooled prevalence of BRAF mutations in AM patients was 72%. According to the Bayesian network analysis, BRAF mutations are more likely to occur in younger (odds ratio [OR], 2.3; credible interval [CrI]: 1.2–4.5), mandible site (OR, 3.6; 95% CrI: 2.7–5.2), and unicystic (OR, 1.6; 95% CrI: 1.1–2.4) AM patients. Similarly, higher diagnostic accuracy was found in the younger, mandible, and unicystic AM groups. Conclusions: The incidence, risk, and diagnostic accuracy of BRAF mutation in AM were greater in younger patients, those with mandible involvement, and those with unicystic AM than in patients with other clinicopathological features. In addition, there was a strong concordance in the diagnostic accuracy between molecular tests and immunohistochemical analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective Materials and Methods Results Conclusion In this study, our aim was to develop and validate the effectiveness of diverse radiomic models for distinguishing between gnathic fibrous dysplasia (FD) and ossifying fibroma (OF) before surgery.We enrolled 220 patients with confirmed FD or OF. We extracted radiomic features from nonenhanced CT images. Following dimensionality reduction and feature selection, we constructed radiomic models using logistic regression, support vector machine, random forest, light gradient boosting machine, and eXtreme gradient boosting. We then identified the best radiomic model using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. After combining radiomics features with clinical features, we developed a comprehensive model. ROC curve and decision curve analysis (DCA) demonstrated the models' robustness and clinical value.We extracted 1834 radiomic features from CT images, reduced them to eight valuable features, and achieved high predictive efficiency, with area under curves (AUC) exceeding 0.95 for all the models. Ultimately, our combined model, which integrates radiomic and clinical data, displayed superior discriminatory ability (AUC: training cohort 0.970; test cohort 0.967). DCA highlighted its optimal clinical efficacy.Our combined model effectively differentiates between FD and OF, offering a noninvasive and efficient approach to clinical decision‐making. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An improved small‐signal model applied to GaN‐based devices is presented in this article. The extrinsic elements of the equivalent circuit topology are extracted using the test structures and the cut‐off method. In order to obtain a good agreement between model simulations and measurements, distributed capacitive effects are taken into account. In addition, an inductance Lds is introduced based on the conventional intrinsic equivalent circuit topology. Good agreement between the modeled and measured S‐parameters is obtained for GaN HEMTs with a gate width of 2 × 100 μm (number of gate fingers × unit gate width) in the frequency range of 0.5–40 GHz. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Accurate moisture prediction aids in taking early preventive measures to minimize damage caused by severe storms, droughts, and floods. The study collected 24 types of statistical data from the Xilingol Grassland, Inner Mongolia, spanning from 2011 to 2021. By integrating Elman, backpropagation (BP), and soil moisture prediction model (Elman‐BP) neural networks, soil moisture to 2 m was predicted. The soil moisture mechanism model analysis revealed that soil moisture is related to water supply rather than directly correlated with time. Based on these findings, a two‐stage soil moisture prediction model was established. In the first stage, the Elman neural network model predicted future precipitation data based on observed values. In the second stage, soil moisture was predicted using a BP neural network model based on predicted precipitation data. Comparing the mean squared errors of training and prediction data across the three models revealed that the Elman‐BP neural network had superior predictive accuracy. The maximum relative errors for the trained Elman neural network, BP neural network, and Elman‐BP model were 31.35%, 20.98%, and 3.94%. Overall, results showed a link between soil moisture and water supply and that soil moisture decreased with increasing temperatures. Soil moisture at 10‐ and 40‐cm depths was increased with increasing rainfall. Furthermore, a delay exists between the 40‐ and 100‐cm soil depths. Moreover, soil moisture stability increased with depth. Core Ideas: Accurate soil moisture prediction aids disaster preparedness, reducing damage from severe weather.By comparing three models and making optimal model selection, the maximum error decreased from 31.15% to 94%.Enhance data presentation through vivid visualization to effectively display soil moisture prediction outcomes.The BP‐Elman neural network integrates soil moisture–rainfall–surface evaporation, boosting prediction accuracy.Long‐term data: 11‐year Xilingol Grassland data evaluates models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As an alternative technology to the standard evaporated metal top electrode in perovskite solar cells, the transfer method top electrode is featured with low cost, simple process, and ease of scalability. However, as the transfer method preparation of the less expensive metal electrodes (Ag and Cu) is explored, the mismatch between the hole‐transport layer and the top electrode results in anomalous photovoltaic properties. In this study, the work function of the hole‐transporting material is adjusted by changing the dopant content to achieve a good energy‐level match with either Ag or Cu electrode material. The power conversion efficiencies of perovskite devices based on transferred Ag and Cu electrodes can reach 18.41% and 17.25%, respectively, which are comparable to the performance of the evaporated top electrode devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new temperature noise model, including the influence of gate‐drain series resistance Rgd on the noise performance for an InP HEMT, is presented in this article. An equivalent temperature Tgd of Rgd has been taken into account based on Pospieszalski's noise model. The corresponding extraction procedure of noise parameters is given. Good correlation between the simulated and measured noise parameters in the frequency range of 8–50 GHz for a wide range of bias points verify the validity of the improved noise model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Microporous polyethylene (PE) membrane is a representative lithium‐ion battery (LIB) separators but regularly shrinks especially in high‐temperature conditions, and is facilely pierced while growing Li dendrites, leading to severe consequences such as short circuits, thermal runaway, and even explosion. Herein, this article reports a quasi‐continuous strategy that utilizes in situ enamel mineralization engineering followed by thermal treatment to easily develop a large‐area, 3D interlaced hydroxyapatite nanosheets array‐reinforced PE nanocomposite separator with robust mechanical properties and excellent resistance to thermal shrinkage. Specifically, the 120 °C‐heated nanocomposite possesses excellent breaking stress, an ultrahigh toughness of ≈434.4 MJ m−3, and an enhanced friction coefficient of ≈0.69, which are distinctly higher than those of commercial PE separators, respectively, and far exceeding those of reported ceramic modified‐PE separators. The elongation of the resultant nanocomposite can achieve an extraordinary ≈2456.4% without any fracture under a 180 °C‐heating temperature. In situ observation and finite element simulation indicate that the impressive mechanical and thermostable integration profits from the co‐effect of efficient energy dissipation at organic–inorganic interfaces and mechanically interlocked, mutually‐supported hybrid microstructure. The enamel‐inspired separator can be potentially applied in safer high‐temperature LIBs and this strategy provides a valuable guide to develop other high‐performance polymer‐based nanocomposites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A direct parameter extraction method of EEHEMT nonlinear empirical model is proposed in this paper. An improved DC model is also presented by considering the channel length modulation parameter (κ) as a function of gate‐to‐source voltage. Model verification is carried out by comparison of measured and simulated current–voltage characteristics and S‐parameters. Good agreement is obtained between the measured and modeled results for 2 × 15 μm gatewidth (number of gate fingers × gatewidth) 70‐nm gatelength InP high electron mobility transistors (HEMT). An increased accuracy in modeling the I–V and RF characteristics is also obtained in the proposed model, compared with the conventional one. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Isothermal compression experiments are conducted on Zr–Sn–Nb–Fe alloy at temperature ranging from 873 to 1273 K and strain rates ranging from 0.01 to 1 s−1. The deformation behavior and microstructure evolution are analyzed. The results show that the influence of α phase on the flow stress is more significant than β phase, which shows a stronger phase sensitivity. At low strain rates in the α phase temperature region (873 K), the dominant softening mechanism is dynamic recovery, while at high strain rates, it is controlled by dynamic recrystallization. The dual‐phase temperature region (973–1173 K) undergoes the dynamic recrystallization of α and α→β phase transformation. The dynamic recrystallization of β occurs in the β phase temperature region (1213–1273 K). Finally, by considering the phase composition and phase sensitivity differences, a unified constitutive model of N36 zirconium alloy from 873 to 1273 K is established whose absolute relative error is 7% and R is 0.9906. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, the hybrid peridynamic and classical continuum mechanical model based on the element‐type numerical discretization is used to study the dynamic fracture problem of brittle materials. The weak form of the motion equation for the hybrid model is derived by applying Hamilton's principle. An element‐based spatial discretization scheme is set up using the peridynamics‐based finite element method (PeriFEM) (Han and Li). The δ$$ \delta $$‐convergence and m‐convergence of the hybrid model are analyzed to verify the numerical convergence and the mesh dependency. The influence of the area of the peridynamic model subdomain and the hybrid model subdomain on the calculation efficiency and accuracy is discussed. And the relationship between the crack propagation speed and the crack branching phenomenon is also investigated. Good agreements are obtained by comparing the crack path and the crack speed profile predicted by the hybrid model with those in the literature. Numerical results verify the ability and efficiency of the hybrid model for dynamic fracture problem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: CRISPR‐based directed evolution is an effective breeding biotechnology to improve agronomic traits in plants. However, its gene diversification is still limited using individual single guide RNA. We described here a multiplexed orthogonal base editor (MoBE), and a randomly multiplexed sgRNAs assembly strategy to maximize gene diversification. MoBE could induce efficiently orthogonal ABE (<36.6%), CBE (<36.0%), and A&CBE (<37.6%) on different targets, while the sgRNA assembling strategy randomized base editing events on various targets. With respective 130 and 84 targets from each strand of the 34th exon of rice acetyl‐coenzyme A carboxylase (OsACC), we observed the target‐scaffold combination types up to 27 294 in randomly dual and randomly triple sgRNA libraries. We further performed directed evolution of OsACC using MoBE and randomly dual sgRNA libraries in rice, and obtained single or linked mutations of stronger herbicide resistance. These strategies are useful for in situ directed evolution of functional genes and may accelerate trait improvement in rice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

CsPbI3 material has obvious advantages in constructing stable all‐inorganic perovskite solar cells (PSCs). However, the wide bandgap (1.73 eV) of CsPbI3 cannot effectively absorb low‐energy photons, which seriously hinders its development in single‐junction solar cells. In this study, a CsPbI3/CsSn0.5Ge0.5I3 double‐absorption‐layer heterojunction PSC is constructed by SCAPS‐1D. In the results, it is shown that adding a narrow bandgap CsSn0.5Ge0.5I3 absorption layer optimizes the band structure and energy level distribution, enhancing the device's built‐in potential and spectral absorption range. The combination of different electron‐transport layers, hole‐transport layers, and perovskite layers are stimulated, ultimately identifying the optimal material for the charge‐transport layers. In addition, the effects of internal factors (thickness and defect density of the absorption layer, interface defects, and work function of the back electrode) and ambient temperature on the overall performance of the device are investigated. The optimized power conversion efficiency of the device (fluorine‐doped tin oxide/Cd0.5Zn0.5S/CsPbI3/CsSn0.5Ge0.5I3/Cu2BaSnS4/Au) reaches 31.02%. In this study, a new attempt at the construction of stable and efficient all‐inorganic heterojunction PSC is provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Additional sex combs‐like 1 (ASXL1) mutations, a hotspot in myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML), have been frequently reported for their potential prognostic value, but the results are controversial. Therefore, a meta‐analysis was performed. Databases, including PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library, were searched for relevant studies published up to January 13, 2022. STATA v16.0 software was used to calculate the combined hazard ratios (HRs) and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for overall survival (OS) and AML transformation. Subgroup analysis was used to explore the effects of the grouping factors on heterogeneity.Ten studies on ASXL1 mutations and the prognosis of MDS were selected. Our results indicate that ASXL1 mutations have an adverse prognostic impact on OS (HR = 1.68,95%CI:1.45–1.94, p <.0001) and AML transformation (HR = 2.20,95% CI:1.68–2.87, p <.0001). The results for different age groups were not significantly different (HR = 1.87,95% CI: 1.31–2.67; HR = 1.62,95% CI:1.35–2.07). Ten studies covering 5816 patients with AML were included. The pooled HR for OS was 1.37 (95% CI:1.20–1.56, p <.0001). ASXL1 mutations were especially associated with a poorer OS in the subgroup aged ≥60 years (HR = 2.86, 95% CI:1.34–6.08, p =.006); when considering cytogenetically normal AML (CN‐AML), the HR was 1.78(95% CI:1.27–2.49, p =.001). This meta‐analysis indicates an independent, adverse prognostic impact of ASXL1 mutations in patients with MDS and AML, which also applies to patients with CN‐AML. Age was a risk factor for patients with AML and ASXL1 mutations but not for patients with MDS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The high hip center (HHC) technique has been proposed for the treatment of patients with developmental dysplaisa of the hip (DDH) who have an acetabular bone defect. However, the importance of global femoral offset (FO) in the application of this technique has not been sufficiently appreciated. Our goals were to confirm that the HHC technique is feasible in the treatment of patients with DDH and to assess the function of global FO in this procedure. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 73 patients who underwent total hip arthroplasty using high hip center technique for unilateral DDH at our hospital between January 2014 and June 2019. According to global FO, the patients were split into three groups: increased FO group (increment greater than 5 mm), restored FO group (restoration within 5 mm) and decreased FO group (reduction greater than 5 mm). Patients' medical records and plain radiographs were reviewed. One‐way ANOVA was used to compare radiographic outcomes and Harris hip score (HHS). Paired t‐test was used to assess preoperative and postoperative HHS and leg length discrepancy. Trochanteric pain syndrome, Trendelenburg sign and postoperative limp was evaluated with Fisher's exact test. Results: The average follow‐up time was 7.5 ± 1.4 years. The patients' HHS and leg length discrepancy were significantly improved (p < 0.05). In terms of vertical acetabular height, abductor arm, postoperative leg length difference, and acetabular cup inclination, there was no statistically significant difference between the three groups. At the last follow‐up, HHS was significantly higher in the restored FO group than in the decreased FO and increased FO groups. Trochanteric pain syndrome occurred in 15.0% and Trendelenburg sign and postoperative limp in 8.2% of all patients, respectively. Trochanteric pain syndrome, Trendelenburg sign and postoperative limp did not differ significantly across the three groups. One patient in increased FO group underwent revision for dislocation 6 years after surgery. Conclusion: The HHC technique is an alternative technique for total hip arthroplasty in patients with acetabular bone abnormalities, according to the results of the mid‐term follow‐up. Also, controlling the correction of the global femoral offset to within 5 mm may lead to better clinical outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: In the present study, the ι‐carrageenase gene, Car1293, was obtained from the genome of Microbulbifer sp. YNDZ01, which was isolated from the surface of macroalgae. To date, there are few studies on ι‐carrageenase and the anti‐inflammatory activity of ι‐carrageenan oligosaccharides (CGOS). To enhance our perspective on ι‐carrageenase and ι‐carrageen oligosaccharides, the sequence, protein structure, enzymatic properties, enzymatic digestion products and anti‐inflammatory activity of the gene were investigated. RESULTS: The gene length of Car1293 is 2,589 bp, encoding an enzyme with 862 amino acids, which shares 34% similarity with any previously reported ι‐carrageenase. The spatial structure of Car1293 consists of many α‐helices with a β‐fold binding module located at its terminus, and eight binding sites were found in the binding module as a result of docking with CGOS‐DP4 ligand. The optimum temperature and pH for the activity of recombinant Car1293 toward ι‐carrageenan were 50 °C and 6.0, respectively. The hydrolysates of Car1293 are mainly degree of polymerization (DP)8, with minor products showing DP2, DP4, and DP6. The enzymatic hydrolysates CGOS‐DP8 showed prominent anti‐inflammatory activity, which was greater than that of the positive control l‐monomethylarginine in lipopolysaccharide‐induced RAW264.7 macrophages. It inhibited nitric oxide production, as well as significantly inhibited tumor necrosis factor‐α and interleukin‐6 secretion. CONCLUSION: The ι‐carrageenase sequence encoded by Car1293 is novel and can hydrolyze carrageenan into CGOS‐DP8 that has a significant anti‐inflammatory effect. The present study fills a gap in the research on the biological activity of oligosaccharides in ι‐carrageenan and provides promising data for the development of natural anti‐inflammatory agent. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although monkeypox (mpox) has been endemic in Western and Central Africa for 50 years, it has not received sufficient prophylactic and therapeutical attention to avoid evolving into an epidemic. From January 2022 to January 2023, more than 84,000 of mpox cases were reported from 110 countries worldwide. Case numbers appear to be rising every day, making mpox an increasing global public health threat for the foreseeable future. In this perspective, we review the known biology and epidemiology of mpox virus, together with the latest therapeutic options available for mpox treatment. Further, small molecule inhibitors against mpox virus and the future directions in this field are discussed as well. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To investigate the differences in efficacy and safety between haploidentical donor hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HID‐HSCT) and matched sibling donor HSCT (MSD‐HSCT) in patients with T‐cell lymphoblastic lymphoma (T‐LBL). Methods: In this retrospective analysis, we enrolled 38 patients who had undergone allogeneic HSCT at our institution between 2013 and 2021. The study participants included 28 patients who underwent HID‐HSCT and 10 patients who underwent MSD‐HSCT. We compared the patient characteristics and treatment effectiveness and safety between the two groups and evaluated potential prognostic variables for patients with T‐LBL. Results: The median follow‐up durations in the HID‐HSCT and MSD‐HSCT groups were 23.5 (range: 4–111) and 28.5 (range: 13–56) months, respectively. All patients showed full‐donor chimerism after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Except for two patients in the HID‐HSCT cohort who developed poor graft function, all patients showed neutrophil and platelet engraftments after HSCT. The cumulative incidences of grades III–IV acute graft‐versus‐host disease were 37.5% and 28.57% in the HID‐HSCT and MSD‐HSCT groups, respectively (p = 0.84). The cumulative incidences of limited (34.13% vs. 28.57%, p = 0.82) and extensive (31.22% vs. 37.50%, p = 0.53) chronic graft‐versus‐host disease did not differ between the two cohorts. In the HID‐HSCT and MSD‐HSCT cohorts, the estimated 2‐year overall survival rates were 70.3% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 54.9%–90.0%) and 56.2% (95% CI: 31.6%–100%), respectively (p = 1.00), and the estimated 2‐year progression‐free survival (PFS) rates were 48.5% (95% CI: 32.8%–71.6%) and 48.0% (95% CI: 24.6%–93.8%), respectively (p = 0.94). Furthermore, the Cox proportional‐hazards model showed that a positive positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) status before HSCT in patients who had completed chemotherapy was an independent risk factor for PFS in the multivariate analysis (p = 0.0367). Conclusion: This study showed that HID‐HSCT had comparable effectiveness and safety to MSD‐HSCT in treating T‐LBL. HID‐HSCT could serve as an alternate treatment option for T‐LBL in patients without an eligible identical donor. Achievement of the PET/CT‐negative status before HSCT may contribute to better survival. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High‐pressure hydrogen direct injection technology can enable an internal combustion engine to attain high thermal efficiency and discharge clean emissions; hence, the advantages provided by hydrogen jet impingement are crucial. This paper presents an experimental investigation of the high‐pressure hydrogen direct injection from a single‐hole cylindrical injector. A test rig with a spring set was designed based on the impulse conservation law to test important high‐pressure hydrogen jet impingement parameters, such as jet impingement force and impulse. The results show that the hydrogen gas jet exhibits a two‐zone behavior. In Zone I (near‐field dynamic region), the jet impulse is not conservative, and the jet characteristic parameters (jet impingement force and impulse) fluctuate—first decreasing and then increasing. In Zone II, the jet impulse is conservative. This two‐zone jet feature is induced by shockwaves because a high‐pressure hydrogen jet with a high nozzle pressure ratio reaches its sonic speed at the nozzle outlet. The Mach disk height is the inflection point of these two zones. Moreover, the hydrogen injection pressure has a considerable influence on the gas jet. As the injection pressure increases, the hydrogen jet impingement force and impulse increase. Both jet parameters have a linearly increasing relationship with injection pressure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are often found in eukaryocyte and have a role in the pathogenesis of a variety of human disorders. Our related research has shown the differential expression of circRNAs in periprosthetic osteolysis (PPOL). However, the involvement of circRNAs in the exact process is yet unknown. CircSLC8A1 expression was evaluated in clinical samples and human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs) in this investigation using quantitative real‐time PCR. In vitro and in vivo studies were conducted to explicate its functional role and pathway. We demonstrated CircSLC8A1 is involved in PPOL using gain‐ and loss‐of‐function methods. The association of CircSLC8A1 and miR‐144‐3p, along with miR‐144‐3p and RUNX1, was predicted using bioinformatics. RNA pull‐down and luciferase assays confirmed it. The impact of CircSLC8A1 in the PPOL‐mouse model was also investigated using adeno‐associated virus. CircSLC8A1 was found to be downregulated in PPOL patients' periprosthetic tissues. Overexpression of CircSLC8A1 promoted osteogenic differentiation (OD) and inhibited apoptosis of hBMSCs in vitro. The osteogenic markers of RUNX1, osteopontin (OPN) and osteocalcin (OCN) were significantly upregulated in hBMSCs after miR‐144‐3p inhibitor was transferred. Mechanistic analysis demonstrated that CircSLC8A1 directly bound to miR‐144‐3p and participated in PPOL through the miR‐144‐3p/RUNX1 pathway in hBMSCs. Micro‐CT and quantitative analysis showed that CircSLC8A1 markedly inhibited PPOL, and osteogenic markers (RUNX1, OPN and OCN) were significantly increased (P<0.05) in the mice model. Our findings prove that CircSLC8A1 exerted a regulatory role in promoting osteogenic differentiation in hBMSCs, and CircSLC8A1/miR‐144‐3p/RUNX1 pathway may provide a potential target for prevention of PPOL. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ferroalloy has shown potential as implant materials, but little attention has been paid to their effects on synovial tissue ferroptosis. This study aimed to examine the mechanical properties, degradability and biocompatibility of Fe–30Mn–0.6N alloy and effects of it on synovial tissue ferroptosis. Tensile testing showed that Fe–30Mn–0.6N alloys exhibited tensile strength of 487 ± 18 MPa, yield strength of 221 ± 10 MPa, elongation of 16.9 ± 0.3% and Young's modulus of 37.7 ± 1.3 GPa. In vivo experiments, the cross‐sectional area of the Fe–30Mn–0.6N alloys decreased by 73.32 ± 12.73% after 8 weeks of implantation. The results of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and surface elemental analysis (EDS) showed that the Fe–30Mn–0.6N alloys had more Ca, O, C and P element deposition (p <.05). After 2, 4 and 8 weeks of implantation, no inflammatory response was observed in peri‐implant synovial tissue of Fe–30Mn–0.6N and Ti–6Al–4V alloys, and Fe–30Mn–0.6N alloys did not affect the expression of the ferroptosis inhibitory gene Glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4). Compared with the control group, 30% Fe–30Mn–0.6N alloy extracts did not affect the cell viability (p >.05) in vitro, and intracellular Fe2+ and the reactive oxygen species (ROS) was significantly reduced (p <.05). WB and PCR results showed that the 30% extracts increased the protein activity and mRNA expression of GPX4, FTH1 and SLC7A11 in synoviocytes, but had no effect on PTGS2 and p53. It is concluded that Fe–30Mn–0.6N had degradability and biocompatibility in peri‐implant synovial tissue, and did not induce significantly ferroptosis in synoviocytes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The leakage of molten salt storage tanks in concentrating solar power plants has attracted much attention. This paper focused on seepage and migration characteristics of molten salt in the thermal‐steady foundation fillers with different configurations after leakage occurs through a self‐built experimental system modeling the actual leaking process. The results show that the thermal insulation of light expanded clay aggregate (LECA) as foundation fillers is better than that of sand and gravel. When the operating temperature is 565°C, the average temperatures of each layer of LECA, sand, and gravel are 131.73°C, 141.91°C, and 149.27°C, respectively. And the seepage depths in light expanded clay aggregate, sand, and gravel are 482 mm, 223 mm, and 270 mm, respectively. It is found that the seepage depth of molten salt distinctly increases with higher operating temperature in all kinds of fillers. Nevertheless, the seepage depth of molten salt in the multi‐layer fillers diminishes with the increase of the thickness of the sand or gravel layer. The results obtained from this research would be helpful for the engineering design of storage tank foundations and reduce economic losses and the complexity of accident handling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently, as the demand for fossil and renewable energy continuously increases, enhancing oil recovery has become one of the key methods to meet the increased requirement. However, most of the oilfields are facing serious problems, including formation heterogeneity and low recovery factor. Therefore, further analysis is required to study the distribution of remaining oil and how to enhance oil recovery effectively. In this study, the core samples of different reservoir types were employed and characteristics of pore structure were measured by a high‐pressure mercury porosimeter. The recovery factor and distribution of remaining oil with different reservoir types were determined by core flooding experiments and nuclear magnetic resonance tests. According to the results, the heterogeneity of pore structure becomes weaker as the permeability of the reservoir increases. The recovery during different periods improved as the core permeability increased. The distribution of remaining oil in different pore sizes has an obvious difference. The contribution of the recovery factor is highest in smallpores and mesopores for type II reservoir while is greatest in mesopores and macropores for type III reservoir. These results can provide theoretical and technical support for further enhancing oil recovery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In today's highly competitive world market, businesses can hardly maintain their competitiveness without strong innovation abilities. In the past, many Chinese enterprises have enjoyed success through imitation. But to continue to succeed in a global marketplace, they must develop ambidextrous innovation abilities. The resource‐based theory eloquently posits that competitive advantage is associated with different and heterogeneous resources. To obtain such resources, firms must establish an external network to acquire necessary knowledge and skills. In this paper, we develop a theoretical model linking network orientation, organisational improvisation, ambidexterity and competitive tension. We postulate that organisational improvisation has a mediating effect and competitive tension is a moderator. Empirical results (N = 340) show that (1) network orientation leads to both exploratory and exploitative innovations, (2) the above effect is mediated by organisational improvisation and (3) competitive tension positively moderates the effect between network orientation and organisational improvisation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Maize (Zea mays L.) is one of the major cereal crops worldwide. Increasing planting density is an effective way to improve crop yield. However, plants grown under high‐density conditions compete for water, nutrients, and light, which often leads to changes in productivity. To date, few studies have determined the transcriptomic differences in maize leaves in response to different planting densities. This study examined the whole‐genome expression patterns in the leaves of maize planted under high and low densities to identify density‐regulated genes. Leaves at upper, ear, and lower stem nodes were collected at the grain‐filling stage of the maize hybrid Xianyu335 grown under low‐density planting and high‐density planting. In total, 72, 733, and 1,739 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in the respective upper, ear, and lower leaves under HDP. Upregulated and downregulated DEGs in the upper and lower leaves were similar in number, whereas upregulated DEGs in the ear leaves were significantly higher in number than the downregulated DEGs. Functional analysis indicated that genes responding to HDP‐related stresses were mediated by pathways involving four phytohormones responsible for metabolism and signaling, osmoprotectant biosynthesis, transcription factors, and fatty acid biosynthesis and protein kinases, which suggested that these pathways are affected by the adaptive responses of maize plants grown at high density. Research findings elucidated the molecular mechanisms underlying the physiological and biochemical responses of the leaves of maize planted at high density. Core Ideas: Corn and soybean yield‐limiting factors differed across Mid‐Atlantic locations.High‐residue cultivation decreased weed biomass but had variable effects on yield.Cover crop biomass was not consistently correlated with lower weed biomass.Planting date influenced predatory arthropod activity‐density in corn.Adaptive pest management tactics are needed to balance management tradeoffs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Elastic fibers have been widely applied for the fabrication of biomedical textiles, artificial extracellular matrix, and functional garments, as where antibacterial property is one of the indispensable features. Herein, we developed a fresh type of non‐leaching antibacterial fiber that could effectively inactivate bacteria with durable performance to circumvent above concerns. In detail, we firstly synthesized a precursor polymer (PS‐GMA) based on styrene and glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) through free radical polymerization, then blended PS‐GMA with thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) and processed the blend into fiber through wet spinning technology. Finally, the obtained fiber was covalently modified by polyhexamethylene biguanide hydrochloride (PHMB). The experimental results showed that the resultant fiber (named as PGPs) exhibited a strong bactericidal ability to both Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, as well as maintained excellent antibacterial properties even after ultraviolet irradiation for 7 days or 50 washing cycles. Furthermore, we explored the sterilization mechanism with respect to the bacterial morphologies and the activity of the respiratory chain dehydrogenase. In addition, the biocidal efficacy of the prepared fiber could remain approximately 100% after eight consecutive antibacterial cycles. Collectively, this work exhibited an attempt in exploitation of the intrinsically antibacterial fiber with long‐run function duration by an economical tactic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this letter, an improved small‐signal equivalent circuit model of InP heterojunction bipolar transistors (HBTs) for millimeter‐wave applications is presented. The proposed small‐signal model takes into account the parasitic effect in the collector part which can effectively improve the accuracy of S parameter. In the frequency range of 2–110 GHz, good agreements between the measured and model‐calculated data can be achieved to demonstrate good modeling accuracy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, a sensitivity analysis and uncertainty estimation of small‐signal model for InP HBT is presented. Analytical expressions for sensitivity are derived in terms of the measured S‐parameters based on the direct intrinsic parameters extraction. Furthermore, the uncertainties of the intrinsic parameters vs frequency are discussed to give more reliable extraction results. The optimal solutions of the parameters are obtained by utilizing sensitivity analysis. In the frequency range of 45 MHz‐40GHz, good fits between the measured and modeled S‐parameters are achieved for 5 × 5μm2 InP HBT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Plant pathogens exploit the extracellular matrix (ECM) to inhibit host immunity during their interactions with the host. The formation of ECM involves a series of continuous steps of vesicular transport events.To understand how such vesicle trafficking impacts ECM and virulence in the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae, we characterised MoSwa2, a previously identified actin‐regulating kinase MoArk1 interacting protein, as an orthologue of the auxilin‐like clathrin uncoating factor Swa2 of the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae.We found that MoSwa2 functions as an uncoating factor of the coat protein complex II (COPII) via an interaction with the COPII subunit MoSec24‐2. Loss of MoSwa2 led to a deficiency in the secretion of extracellular proteins, resulting in both restricted growth of invasive hyphae and reduced inhibition of host immunity. Additionally, extracellular fluid (ECF) proteome analysis revealed that MoSwa2‐regulated extracellular proteins include many redox proteins such as the berberine bridge enzyme‐like (BBE‐like) protein MoSef1. We further found that MoSef1 functions as an apoplastic virulent factor that inhibits the host immune response.Our studies revealed a novel function of a COPII uncoating factor in vesicular transport that is critical in the suppression of host immunity and pathogenicity of M. oryzae. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

N6‐methyladenosine (m6A) modification of mRNA mediates diverse cellular and viral functions. Infection with Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) is causally associated with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), 10% of gastric carcinoma, and various B‐cell lymphomas, in which the viral latent and lytic phases both play vital roles. Here, we show that EBV transcripts exhibit differential m6A modification in human NPC biopsies, patient‐derived xenograft tissues, and cells at different EBV infection stages. m6A‐modified EBV transcripts are recognized and destabilized by the YTHDF1 protein, which leads to the m6A‐dependent suppression of EBV infection and replication. Mechanistically, YTHDF1 hastens viral RNA decapping and mediates RNA decay by recruiting RNA degradation complexes, including ZAP, DDX17, and DCP2, thereby post‐transcriptionally downregulating the expression of EBV genes. Taken together, our results reveal the critical roles of m6A modifications and their reader YTHDF1 in EBV replication. These findings contribute novel targets for the treatment of EBV‐associated cancers. Synopsis: The m6A reader YTHDF1 promotes viral RNA degradation by recruiting RNA decay complexes, including ZAP, DDX17, and DCP2. YTHDF1 suppresses EBV lytic replication to regulate EBV infection status. m6A modifications are widespread in the EBV transcripts in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) cells and tissue samples.YTHDF1 suppresses EBV lytic replication.YTHDF1 promotes viral RNA decay in an m6A‐dependent manner by recruiting RNA degradation complexes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

1,3‐Butadiene (BD) is a petrochemical‐based volatile organic compound, extensively used for the manufacture of synthetic rubber. There is no method reported for its recovery from nitrogen mixture. Herein, for the first time, BD is efficiently recovered by gas separation through facile and novel mixed‐metal ZIF‐8 based mixed matrix membranes (MMMs). Addition of Ni‐ZIF‐8 nanoparticles in PDMS matrix, significantly improved the penetrant‐membrane interactions and the solution‐diffusion properties of BD. Positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy analysis showed that the well dispersion of Ni‐ZIF‐8 in PDMS enhanced the free volume of membrane and created efficient continuous paths for BD diffusion. Then, 15 wt% Ni‐ZIF‐8 MMM exhibited the BD permeance of 323 GPU and the BD/N2 ideal selectivity of 19.5, which were 60 and 81% higher than pure PDMS membrane, respectively. The simultaneous enhancement of BD permeance and BD/N2 ideal selectivity indicated that Ni‐ZIF‐8 was an effective filler applied in MMMs for efficient BD recovery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The preferred salvage treatment for children with relapsed/refractory acute myeloid leukemia (R/R‐AML) remains unclear. The combination of cladribine/Ara‐C/granulocyte‐colony stimulating factor and mitoxantrone (CLAG‐M) shown promising results in adult R/R‐AML. We aim to investigate the efficacy and safety of CLAG‐M versus mitoxantrone/etoposide/cytarabine (MEC) or idarubicin/etoposide/cytarabine (IEC) in R/R‐AML children. Methods: Fifty‐five R/R‐AML children were analyzed. The overall response rate (ORR), overall survival (OS), and progression‐free survival (PFS) at 3‐year were documented. Karyotype or mutations status were summarized as different risk groups. Results: The ORR was achieved in 80% (16/20) and 51% (18/35) of patients after one‐cycle of CLAG‐M and MEC/IEC treatment (p < 0.001). The CLAG‐M group's OS (66.8% ± 16.2% vs. 40.4% ± 10.9%, p = 0.019) and PFS (52.6% ± 13.7% vs. 34.9% ± 9.1%, p = 0.036) at 3‐year was significantly higher than the MEC/IEC group. In high‐risk patients, 33.3% experienced progression of disease (PD) and 22.2% dead in CLAG‐M group, while 50% experienced PD and 43.8% dead in MEC/IEC. When it comes to low‐risk group, none of them in CLAG‐M experienced PD or death, while up to 50% of patients received MEC/IEC suffered PD, and all of them died eventually. Similar results were also found in the intermediate‐risk group. Surprisingly, the presence of FLT3‐ITD was associated with poor outcome in both groups. The most common adverse events were hematologic toxicities, and the incidence was similar in both group. Conclusions: CLAG‐M group demonstrated effective palliation along with acceptable toxicity in R/R‐AML patients. However, patients with FLT3‐ITD may benefit less from CLAG‐M, owing to higher PD rate and all‐cause mortality than other patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Metabolic reprogramming plays important roles in development and progression of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), but the underlying mechanism has not been completely defined. In this work, we found INSL5 was elevated in NPC tumor tissue and the plasma of NPC patients. Plasma INSL5 could serve as a novel diagnostic marker for NPC, especially for serum VCA‐IgA‐negative patients. Moreover, higher plasma INSL5 level was associated with poor disease outcome. Functionally, INSL5 overexpression increased, whereas knockdown of its receptor GPCR142 or inhibition of INSL5 reduced cell proliferation, colony formation, and cell invasion in vitro and tumorigenicity in vivo. Mechanistically, INSL5 enhanced phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of STAT5 and promoted glycolytic gene expression, leading to induced glycolysis in cancer cells. Pharmaceutical inhibition of glycolysis by 2‐DG or blockade of INSL5 by a neutralizing antibody reversed INSL5‐induced proliferation and invasion, indicating that INSL5 can be a potential therapeutic target in NPC. In conclusion, INSL5 enhances NPC progression by regulating cancer cell metabolic reprogramming and is a potential diagnostic and prognostic marker as well as a therapeutic target for NPC. Synopsis: This study reveals that INSL5 promotes tumor progression by regulating cancer cell metabolic reprogramming. INSL5 is a potential diagnostic and prognostic marker as well as a therapeutic target for nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). INSL5 expression levels are elevated in NPC tumor tissue and in the plasma of NPC patients.INSL5 plasma levels are associated with NPC patient outcome.INSL5 promotes tumor progression through an autocrine mechanism involving binding to its receptor GPCR142.INSL5 activates JAK1‐STAT5 signal pathway and promotes glycolytic gene expression, which in turn induces metabolic reprogramming in cancer cells.INSL5‐GPCR142 axis can be a potential therapeutic target for NPC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Inflammasomes are intracellular complexes that form in the cytosol of inflammatory cells. NLRP3 is one of the sensor proteins in the complex that can recognize a wide variety of stimuli ranging from microbial components to environmental particulates. Here, we report that in mouse airway epithelial cells (AECs), inflammasome activation is inhibited by EphA2, a member of the transmembrane tyrosine kinase receptor family, via tyrosine phosphorylation of NLRP3 in a model of reovirus infection. We find that EphA2 depletion markedly enhances interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β) and interleukin‐18 (IL‐18) production in response to the virus. EphA2−/− mice show stronger inflammatory infiltration and enhanced inflammasome activation upon viral infection, and aggravated asthma symptoms upon ovalbumin (ova) induction. Mechanistically, EphA2 binds to NLRP3 and induces its phosphorylation at Tyr132, thereby interfering with ASC speck formation and blocking the activation of the NLRP3‐inflammasome. These data demonstrate that reovirus employs EphA2 to suppress inflammasome activation in AECs and that EphA2 deficiency causes a pathological exacerbation of asthma in an ova‐induced asthma model. Synopsis: The tyrosine kinase receptor EphA2 functions as a negative regulator of inflammasome activation upon reovirus infection by targeting NLRP3 in airway epithelia. EphA2 also suppresses inflammatory responses in a murine ova‐induced asthma model. EphA2 knockout mice show enhanced inflammation upon viral infection in airway epithelial cells.Depletion of EphA2 promotes inflammasome activation upon infection and aggravates ovalbumin‐induced asthma.EphA2 binds to NLRP3 and induces its phosphorylation, thereby blocking inflammasome assembly and activation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lipid droplets (LDs) are cytosolic fat storage organelles that play roles in lipid metabolism, trafficking and signaling. Breakdown of LDs in Saccharomyces cerevisiae is mainly achieved by lipolysis and lipophagy. In this study, we found that the endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT) in S. cerevisiae negatively regulated the turnover of a LD marker, Erg6, under both simplified glucose restriction (GR) and acute glucose restriction (AGR) conditions by monitoring the localization and degradation of Erg6. Loss of Vps27, Snf7 or Vps4, representative subunits of the ESCRT machinery, facilitated the delivery of Erg6‐GFP to vacuoles and its degradation depending on the lipophagy protein Atg15 under simplified GR. Additionally, the lipolysis proteins Tgl3 and Tgl4 were also involved in the enhanced vacuolar localization and degradation of Erg6‐GFP in vps4Δ cells. Furthermore, we found that Atg14, which is required for the formation of putatively liquid‐ordered (Lo) membrane domains on the vacuole that act as preferential internalization sites for LDs, abundantly localized to vacuolar membranes in ESCRT mutants. Most importantly, the depletion or overexpression of Atg14 correspondingly abolished or promoted the observed Erg6 degradation in ESCRT mutant cells. We propose that Atg14 together with other proteins promotes Erg6 degradation in ESCRT mutant cells under specific glucose restriction conditions. These results shed new light on the regulation of ESCRT on LD turnover. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The degree by which metalloproteins partially regulate net charge (Z) upon electron transfer (ET) was recently measured for the first time using "protein charge ladders" of azurin, cytochrome c, and myoglobin [Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2018, 57(19), 5364–5368; Angew. Chem. 2018, 130, 5462–5466]. Here, we show that Cu, Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD1) is unique among proteins in its ability to resist changes in net charge upon single ET (e.g., ΔZET(SOD1)=0.05±0.08 per electron, compared to ΔZET(Cyt‐c)=1.19±0.02). This total regulation of net charge by SOD1 is attributed to the protonation of the bridging histidine upon copper reduction, yielding redox centers that are isoelectric at both copper oxidation states. Charge regulation by SOD1 would prevent long range coulombic perturbations to residue pKa's upon ET at copper, allowing SOD1's "electrostatic loop" to attract superoxide with equal affinity (at both redox states of copper) during diffusion‐limited reduction and oxidation of superoxide. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The prognosis of children with acute monocytic leukemia (AML‐M5) remains unsatisfactory and the risk profile is still controversial. We aim to investigate the prognostic value of clinical and cytogenetic features and propose a new risk stratification in AML‐M5 children. Methods: We included 132 children with AML‐M5. Overall survival (OS) and progression‐free survival (PFS) were documented. Cox regression was performed to evaluate the potential risk factors of prognosis. Results: The 5‐year‐OS was 46.0% (95% confidence intervals, 41.6%‐50.4%) in all patients. There was significantly lower OS in the age ≤ 3 years old (P =.009) and hyperleukocytosis (P <.001). The FMS‐like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3)‐internal tandem duplication (ITD) and MLL‐rearrangement carriers were associated with fewer survivors in all patients (37.1% and 36.7%) and chemotherapy‐only group (19.0% and 35.0%). Notably, the number of survivor with MLL‐rearrangement did not increase in hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) group. According to the Cox regression analysis, HSCT was a significantly favorable factor (P =.001), while hyperleukocytosis, age ≤ 3 years old, and BM blast ≥ 70% adversely affected the OS in all patients (all P <.05). Additionally, FLT3‐ITD was a risk factor for OS in the chemotherapy‐only group (P =.023), while hyperleukocytosis and age ≤ 3 years independently contributed to poor PFS (both P <.05). In comparison to the standard‐risk group, significant poorer outcome was found in the high‐risk group (both P <.005). Conclusions: We propose that AML‐M5 children with any of MLL‐rearrangement, FLT3‐ITD, hyperleukocytosis, BM blast ≥ 70%, or age ≤ 3 years old are classified into the high‐risk group, and HSCT is beneficial especially in patients with FLT3‐ITD mutation, hyperleukocytosis, and age ≤ 3 years old. Importantly, the choice of HSCT should be made more carefully in children with MLL‐rearrangement for its suboptimal performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

RF modeling and equivalent circuit model parameter extraction for GaAs‐based on‐chip inductors are presented in this article. An improved model that takes into account of the substrate loss effects based on the S parameters on wafer measurement is proposed. The parameter extraction method combines the analytical expressions and the empirical optimization procedure, which does not require any additional test structures. The intrinsic elements determined by utilizing the analytical method are described as functions of the parasitic elements. After that, an advanced design system is used to optimize the parasitic parameters with very small dispersion of initial values. Good agreement is obtained between the simulated and measured data up to 50 GHz. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents an improved method for determining the thermal resistance and junction temperature for silicon germanium heterojunction bipolar transistors. This method is a full analytical procedure without any iteration based on a set of accurate expressions. The thermal resistance is tested against iterative and analytic methods reported before. Good agreement is obtained between simulated and measured results for three SiGe devices with different emitter geometries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Analytical expressions for the short‐circuit current gain and unilateral power gain of common emitter heterojunction bipolar transistor (HBT) are presented in this paper. These expressions are derived from a simplified π‐type small signal equivalent circuit model, which takes into account the influence of the extrinsic resistances and base‐collector capacitance distributed nature. Good agreement is obtained between measured and calculated results for both two indium phosphide (InP) HBT devices and a gallium arsenide (GaAs) HBT device over a wide range of bias points. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aryl stannanes are valuable precursors in organic transformations, but their synthetic methods are limited. Here we present a Pd‐catalyzed decarbonylative stannylation of acid fluorides in the absence of exogenous base. Various aryl stannanes were efficiently prepared from bench‐stable transition metal catalyst and ligand with broad functional group compatibility and substrate scope including natural products and pharmaceuticals. This protocol was also successfully used to a late‐stage diversification of an existing uricosuric drug probenecid. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cardiac progenitor cells are considered to be one of the most promising stem cells for heart regeneration and repair. The cardiac protective effect of CPCs is mainly achieved by reducing tissue damage and/or promoting tissue repair through a paracrine mechanism. Exosome is a factor that plays a major role in the paracrine effect of CPCs. By delivering microRNAs to target cells and regulating their functions, exosomes have shown significant beneficial effects in slowing down cardiac injury and promoting cardiac repair. Among them, miRNA‐210 is an important anoxic‐related miRNA derived from CPCs exosomes, which has great cardiac protective effect of inhibiting myocardial cell apoptosis, promoting angiogenesis and improving cardiac function. In addition, circulating miR‐210 may be a useful biomarker for the prediction or diagnosis of related cardiovascular diseases. In this review, we briefly reviewed the mechanism of miR‐210 derived from CPCs exosomes in cardiac protection in recent years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An efficient approach for the construction of gem‐bisarylthio enamines via coupling of oxime acetates with diaryl disulfides is developed. This process involved copper‐catalyzed N−O/S−S bond cleavages and formation of two new C−S bonds. A broad range of substrates with diverse functional groups were tolerated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]