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Inevitable leaching and corrosion under anodic oxidative environment greatly restrict the lifespan of most catalysts with excellent primitive activity for oxygen production. Here, based on Fick' s Law, we present a surface cladding strategy to mitigate Ni dissolution and stabilize lattice oxygen triggering by directional flow of interfacial electrons and strong electronic interactions via constructing elaborately cladding‐type NiO/NiS heterostructure with controlled surface thickness. Multiple in situ characterization technologies indicated that this strategy can effectively prevent the irreversible Ni ions leaching and inhibit lattice oxygen from participating in anodic reaction. Combined with density functional theory calculations, we reveal that the stable interfacial O−Ni−S arrangement can facilitate the accumulation of electrons on surficial NiO side and weaken its Ni−O covalency. This would suppress the overoxidation of Ni and simultaneously fixing the lattice oxygen, thus enabling catalysts with boosted corrosion resistance without sacrificing its activity. Consequently, this cladding‐type NiO/NiS heterostructure exhibits excellent performance with a low overpotential of 256 mV after 500 h. Based on Fick's law, this work demonstrates the positive effect of surface modification through precisely adjusting of the oxygen‐sulfur exchange process, which has paved an innovative and effective way to solve the instability problem of anodic oxidation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Laser‐driven white light exhibits exceptional brightness and directionality, making it particularly well‐suited for spotlight applications. Yet, attaining high‐quality white light remains challenging due to the sluggish heat dispersion and inconsistent light uniformity of color converters. In this study, an innovative phosphor‐in‐glass (PiG) film architecture is introduced, aiming to achieve superior quality laser‐driven light, where the traditional Y3(Ga,Al)5O12:Ce3+ (YAGG:Ce3+) PiG film is topped with a Al2O3‐in‐glass (AiG) film. The heightened thermal conductivity of the AiG film facilitates quicker dissipation of heat, consequently elevating the luminescence saturation threshold from 14 to 16 W mm−2 and luminous flux from 1243.8 to 1475.9 lm. The increased light scattering attributed to the AiG film also effectively disperses both laser and emitted light, significantly enhancing the angular consistency of color rendering index (Ra). This improvement is evident as the coefficient of variation (Cv) decreases dramatically from 16.69% to 0.25%. Moreover, by integrating CaAlSiN3:Eu2+ (CASN:Eu2+) into the PiG film and fine‐tuning the YAGG:Ce3+ and CASN:Eu2+ ratio, a high‐quality laser‐driven white light achieving an impressive color rendering index (Ra) of 88.7 and offering an adjustable correlated color temperature (CCT) has been developed. This innovation holds tremendous potential as a versatile spotlight solution for both indoor and outdoor settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study explores how doctoral graduates weigh considerations of employment sectors and cities in their career decision‐making processes. Guided by Social Cognitive Career Theory and a Four‐quadrant Model, researchers analysed interviews from 40 STEM doctoral graduates in China. Findings demonstrate that self‐efficacy, outcome expectations and goal‐setting were factors in participants' interests and selections of academic careers. Three types of doctoral graduates were identified: (1) highfliers, (2) academic loyalists and (3) city pickers. While participants prioritize employment sectors and cities differently, cities played a significant role in their career choices which intersected with gender and class factors. Female doctoral graduates were more inclined to follow their partners, while those from socioeconomically disadvantaged backgrounds tended to prioritize cost of living factors at the expense of pursuing opportunities in top‐tier cities. Implications suggest that factors undergirding doctoral graduates' career choices rely on the interaction between geographical locations and employment sector opportunities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Whilst China has become home to the second largest doctoral education system in the world, with over 20% of its doctoral graduates taking up postdoctoral researcher positions inside and outside of China, a lack of information regarding the expectations of these doctoral graduates in pursuing postdocs has resulted in a failure to meet their expectations, leading to insufficient institutional support for their career development. In order to improve this situation and provide more tailored institutional support for Chinese postdocs, we conducted interviews with 30 doctoral graduates from elite Chinese universities from February 2020 to December 2021 to understand their expectations for and experiences of postdocs. The data identified four expected‐to‐accumulated capitals during postdoc experiences: personal scientific capital, discipline‐related social capital, institution‐related social capital and family‐related social capital. Among these, the primary consideration for engaging in postdocs is to enhance personal scientific capital in both qualitative and quantitative aspects. Chinese doctoral graduates who choose domestic postdocs have higher expectations for increasing institution‐based social capital, while those who go abroad expect to develop discipline‐related social capital within the international academic community. Understanding these expectations will be instrumental in developing optimal approaches to providing institutional support for the career development of Chinese postdocs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

POST-TRANSLATIONALLY MODIFIED NEOANTIGEN-BASED DISEASE ACTIVITY ASSESSMENT Neoantigen-specific self-reactive T cell assessment The production and activation of self-reactive T cells is an important part in antigen-specific autoimmune damage. The PTM neoantigen-based autoimmune diseases diagnostic strategy mainly contains two parts: neoantigen-based disease risk assessment and disease activity assessment (Figure 1). Keywords: metabolite; neoantigen; post-translational modification; self-reactive T cell EN metabolite neoantigen post-translational modification self-reactive T cell 1 3 3 08/30/23 20230801 NES 230801 GENERATION OF POST-TRANSLATIONALLY MODIFIED NEOANTIGEN IN AUTOIMMUNE DISEASES Autoimmune diseases can be caused by emerging neoantigens that break immune tolerance in humans. [Extracted from the article]

Background: The melanocortin receptor accessory proteins (MRAP1 and MRAP2) are well‐known endocrine regulators for the trafficking and signalling of all five melanocortin receptors (MC1R–MC5R). The observation of MRAP2 on regulating several non‐melanocortin G protein‐coupled receptors (GPCRs) has been sporadically reported, whereas other endogenous GPCR partners of the MRAP protein family are largely unknown. Methods: Here, we performed single‐cell transcriptome analysis and drew a fine GPCR blueprint and MRAPs‐associated network of two major endocrine organs, the hypothalamus and adrenal gland at single‐cell resolution. We also integrated multiple bulk RNA‐seq profiles and single‐cell datasets of human and mouse tissues, and narrowed down a list of 48 GPCRs with strong endogenous co‐expression correlation with MRAPs. Results: 36 and 46 metabolic‐related GPCRs were consequently identified as novel interacting partners of MRAP1 or MRAP2, respectively. MRAPs exhibited protein–protein interactions and varying pharmacological properties on the surface translocation, constitutive activities and ligand‐stimulated downstream signalling of these GPCRs. Knockdown of MRAP2 expression by hypothalamic administration of adeno‐associated virus (AAV) packed shRNA stimulated body weight gain in mouse model. Co‐injection of corticotropinreleasing factor (CRF), the agonist of corticotropin releasing hormone receptor 1 (CRHR1), suppressed feeding behaviour in a MRAP2‐dependent manner. Conclusions: Collectively, our study has comprehensively elucidated the complex GPCR networks in two major endocrine organs and redefined the MRAP protein family as broad‐spectrum GPCR modulators. MRAP proteins not only serve as a vital endocrine pivot on the regulation of global GPCR activities in vivo that could explain the composite physiological phenotypes of the MRAP2 null murine model but also provide us with new insights of the phenotyping investigation of GPCR–MRAP functional complexes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the improvement of vehicle market demand and technology update, the vehicle display technology has developed rapidly, and the electronic side view mirror has gradually entered the market. Electronic side view mirror has many advantages, such as wide viewing angle, applicability to bad weather, excellent night vision ability, etc. But it also has some limitations, such as slow response time and poor working performance in low temperature environment. In order to solve the above problems, this paper integrates TDDI and in cell heating and improves the response time through OD function, and detects temperature to control heating driver through integrated temperature sensor, so that the module can have ultra‐high response time under low temperature environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The melanocortin receptor accessory protein 2 (MRAP2) plays an essential role in the regulation of metabolic homeostasis and deletion of which results in severe obesity syndrome in mice and human. Mammalian MRAP2 is recognized as an endogenous physiological mediator through the potentiation of the MC4R signaling in vivo. Two isoforms of MRAP2 are identified in zebrafish genome, zMRAP2a and zMRAP2b. However, the mechanism of assembling dual topology and the regulatory roles of each complex on the melanocortin cascades remains unclear. In this study, we showed the bidirectional homo‐ and hetero‐dimeric topologies of two zebrafish MRAP2 isoforms on the plasma membrane. Orientation fixed chimeric proteins could affect the trafficking and pharmacological properties of zMC4R signaling. Reciprocal replacement of zMRAP2a and zMRAP2b proteins elucidated the major participation of the carboxyl terminal as the functional domain for modulating zMC4R signaling. Our findings revealed the complex and dynamic conformational regulation of dual zebrafish MRAP2 proteins in vitro. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND Herbicide safeners mitigate crop damage without reducing herbicide efficacy. Here, the protective effects of phenoxyacetyl oxazolidine derivatives as potential safeners were evaluated with a view toward reducing injury caused by sulfonylurea herbicide nicosulfuron to sensitive maize varieties. RESULTS: Growth indices demonstrated that the bioactivity of compound 9 (N‐phenoxyacety‐2‐methyl‐2,4‐diethyl‐1,3‐oxazolidine) was superior to that of R‐28725 and all other compounds tested. Compound 9 induced endogenous glutathione and upregulated glutathione‐S‐transferase (GST) in maize. Thus, it could enhance maize tolerance to nicosulfuron. Compared with the untreated water control group, the maximum reaction rate of GST was increased by 37.62%, while the maximum velocity of GST was decreased by 61.93% after treatment with compound 9. Acetolactate synthase relative activity was significantly enhanced in the case of treatment with compound 9, indicating the excellent protective effects of compound 9 against nicosulfuron in maize. CONCLUSIONS: The present work demonstrates that phenoxyacetyl oxazolidine derivatives are potentially efficacious as herbicide safeners and merit further investigation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The fracture toughness was measured by the Vickers indentation method and by chevron notch for a series of xCaO‐xAl2O3‐(100 − 2x)SiO2 glasses. As the silica content was increased, the fixed ξ value Vickers indentation fracture toughness (IFT) values increased, while the chevron notch values decreased. Glasses with higher silica contents deform with more densification and less shear when indented with a Vickers tip, thus resulting in reduced residual stress in the region surrounding the indent. The reduction in residual stress for high silica glasses results in less median/radial crack extension and unreasonably high Vickers IFT values. This indicates that a fixed ξ value of 0.016 is not appropriate for the glasses in this series. By repeating the IFT method with a sharper 110° four‐sided pyramidal diamond indenter, it is demonstrated that indentation toughness and chevron notch toughness values now trend in the same direction and are in good agreement with a fixed ξ value of 0.0297. With the sharper indenter tip, the densification component to the deformation is substantially reduced for all glass types such that it no longer has such a prominent influence on the residual stress field. This result suggests that a fixed ξ value IFT method may be appropriate for all glass types if a sharper indenter tip is substituted in the place of the Vickers tip. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a major cause of chronic kidney disease. It has been proven that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have therapeutic effects on kidney disease. Stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED) are MSCs that are derived from dental pulps in exfoliated deciduous teeth from young patients and therefore have a high proliferation rate and an easy access. Hence, we aimed to explore the effect of SHED on DN in Goto-Kakizaki (GK) rats. SHED were administered via the tail vein. Blood glucose, serum triglycerides and cholesterol, body weight, and urinary albumin were measured before and after administration. At 8 weeks after administration, real-time PCR, immunohistochemistry (IHC), and electron microscopy were employed to examine pathological changes in glomerular and tubulointerstitial tissue. Kidney weight and serum IL-1, IL-10, TNF-α, TGF-β, and HGF levels were measured. SHED engraftment in the kidneys was detected by transfecting green fluorescence protein (GFP). Type II epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in the tubule-interstitial and arteriolar regions has been reported to be an important pathological characteristic of DN. This study is the first to apply a transwell system for coculture to explore the effects of MSCs on the EMT of human proximal tubular epithelial (HK-2) cells. The effects of SHED on advanced glycation end product- (AGE-) activated EMT in HK-2 cells were explored by real-time PCR and western blot. At 8 weeks after administration, renal injury, including hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, increased urinary albumin excretion, ECM accumulation, and a fractional mesangial area, was dramatically attenuated. The serum levels of IL-1, TNF-α, and TGF-β were significantly downregulated, whereas the serum levels of IL-10 and HGF were upregulated by SHED. GFP expression confirmed the engraftment of SHED in diabetic kidneys. In addition, cocultured SHED inhibited AGE-induced EMT in HK-2 cells. In conclusion, SHED offer a novel potential effective therapeutic approach for ameliorating DN. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Retinal degeneration is characterized by the progressive loss of photoreceptors, and stem cell therapy has become a promising strategy. Many studies have reported that mesenchymal stem cell transplantation can sustain retinal structure and prolong retinal functions based on two mechanisms. One is cell replacement, and the other is the paracrine action of stem cells. Cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHEDs) show characteristics typical of mesenchymal stem cells. They are derived from the neural crest and are a potential cellular source for neural regeneration in stem cell therapy. In this study, we explored the potential of SHEDs to be induced towards the retinal photoreceptor phenotype and to be sustainable in an animal model of retinal degeneration. A factor-cocktail protocol was used to induce SHEDs towards retinal photoreceptors for 24 days, and the characteristics of the induced cells were identified in terms of morphological changes, biomarker expression and subcellular distribution, and calcium influx. SHEDs were labeled with firefly luciferase for in vivo tracking by bioluminescent imaging and then transplanted into the subretinal space of mice. Our results showed that SHEDs successfully transdifferentiated into photoreceptor-like cells, which displayed neuron-like morphology, and expressed specific genes and proteins associated with retinal precursors, photoreceptor precursors, and mature photoreceptors. In addition, calcium influx was significantly greater in the retinal-induced than in noninduced SHEDs. In vivo tracking confirmed at least 2 weeks of good survival by bioluminescent imaging and 3 months of sustainability of SHEDs by histological analysis. We conclude that SHEDs have the potential to transdifferentiate into retinal photoreceptor-like cells in vitro and maintain good viability in vivo after transplantation into mice with a normal immune system. This demonstrates preliminary success in generating photoreceptor-like cells from SHEDs and applying SHEDs in treating retinal degeneration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BOE has launched a 21.6‐inch LTPS curved Mini LED module to meet the needs of automotive customer for oversized curved strip display, which can eliminate color mixture problem of curved display with COA (color filter on array) technology and achieve high contrast and local dimming. The radius of the module is R2000. There is no color mixture by visual inspection when the display is observed under the solid color picture, and the color shift can be up to max.3JNCD @U /D/L/R 30°. The brightness is 1000 nits, and the contrast is 1, 000, 000:1. At the same time, the optical performance has been tested and studied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A 12.3‐inch Mini LED Module has been developed to realize highlight, high contrast and Local Dimming, Which is different from the ordinary side‐in backlight module, and the light‐emitting surface is directly below the module. The luminance is 1800nit and the contrast is more than 1,000,000:1. The module has passed the reliability of vehicle regulation. In the last the paper introduces the halo performance of the module. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The concept of switchable privacy display has been successfully applied to notebooks and other consumer display products [1]. However, when applied to automobile display modules, their unique application scenarios, such as display to the co‐driver's side or CID, should also be considered (see Figure 1‐1 for viewing angle requirements). And BOE has developed display modules for application in automotive displays. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the massive popularity of social networks, more and more users can produce millions of user-generated contents (UGCs) daily. However, UGC quality is uneven, which has posed challenges to finding superior contents in such a large data set. In this paper, we present a new idea of UGC quality evaluation exploiting user communities, which are formed by users either in a friend circle or with similar interests in social networks. The intuition is that a user community can help evaluate the UGC quality better than a single user. Hence, we propose a new graph-theoretic user communities and contents co-ranking (UCCC) algorithm for UGC quality evaluation. UCCC evaluates UGCs and their related user communities simultaneously based on three different relationship networks: the network connecting UGCs, the network connecting user communities, and a third network that ties the two together. Contents and user communities are ranked following a co-ranking algorithm based on the assumption that there is a mutually reinforcing relationship between them. Experiments using real-world data have shown that UCCC outperforms competitive algorithms by a good margin in most cases and a user community is more useful than a single user for UGC quality evaluation. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since BOE Dual Cell (BD‐Cell) display technology was successfully mass‐produced on TV products in 2019, BOE has gradually expanded it in various fields such as industrial control, medical, and automotive. BD‐Cell products just a new application in LCD display which has been successfully used in automotive area. It can meet reliability test and achieve ultra‐high contrast, about 100000:1, which can compared with OLED products in visual result. However, in the process of technology development, we found that its stacked screen structure will have some unique problems, such as moiré defect, large viewing angle halo, and large power consumption. The structure of BD‐Cell module that has been sent sample to Visteon as shown in figure 1–1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A series of novel muti-substituted pyrido[4,3- d]pyrimidin-4-one derivatives 5a, 5b, 5c, 5d, 5e, 5f, 5g, 5h, 5i, 5j, 5k, 5l were designed and synthesized by the muti-step reaction. N, S-acetal 1 reacted with acetyl acetamide in the presence of zinc nitrate to obtain muti-substituted pyridine 2, which reacted with triethyl orthoformate to give 8-cyano-5-methyl-7-methylthio-pyrido[4,3- d]pyrimidin-4-one 3; the target compounds 5 were obtained in good yields by the oxidation of 3 with H2O2 in a catalytic amount of sodium tungstate then by the substitution with various substituted phenols. Their structures were confirmed by IR, 1H NMR, EI-MS, and elemental analyses. The preliminary bioassay indicated that some of them displayed moderate herbicidal activity against dicotyledonous weed Brassica campestris L. at the concentration of 100 mg/L. For example, compounds 5a, 5f, and 5g possessed 76.0%, 62.7%, and 60.2% inhibition against B. campestris at the concentration of 100 mg/L. Moreover, 5a exhibited 58.2% inhibition against B. campestris at the concentration of 10 mg/L. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To find novel bleaching herbicide , a series of novel 2-alkyl(aryl)-4-amino-3-[alkyl(alkoxy)carbonyl]-5-cyano-6-[(3-trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]-pyridines was designed and synthesized by the multistep reactions. N, S-acetal 1 reacted with 2 to obtain multisubstituted pyridines 3 in the presence of zinc nitrate as the catalyst. The target compounds 5a, 5b, 5c, 5d, 5e, 5f, 5g, 5h, 5i, 5j, 5k, 5l were formed by the oxidation of 3, followed by the substitution with 3-(trifluoromethyl)phenol in the presence of potassium carbonate. Their structures were confirmed by IR, 1H NMR, EI-MS, and elemental analyses. The preliminary bioassays indicated that some of them displayed moderate herbicidal activity against dicotyledonous weed Brassica campestris L at the concentration of 100 mg/L. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Adipose tissue controls numerous physiological processes, and its dysfunction has a causative role in the development of systemic metabolic disorders. The role of posttranscriptional regulation in adipose metabolism has yet to be fully understood. Here, we show that the RNA‐binding protein quaking (QKI) plays an important role in controlling metabolic homeostasis of the adipose tissue. QKI‐deficient mice are resistant to high‐fat‐diet (HFD)‐induced obesity. Additionally, QKI depletion increased brown fat energy dissipation and browning of subcutaneous white fat. Adipose tissue‐specific depletion of QKI in mice enhances cold‐induced thermogenesis, thereby preventing hypothermia in response to cold stimulus. Further mechanistic analysis reveals that QKI is transcriptionally induced by the cAMP‐cAMP response element‐binding protein (CREB) axis and restricts adipose tissue energy consumption by decreasing stability, nuclear export, and translation of mRNAs encoding UCP1 and PGC1α. These findings extend our knowledge of the significance of posttranscriptional regulation in adipose metabolic homeostasis and provide a potential therapeutic target to defend against obesity and its related metabolic diseases. Synopsis: RNA binding protein QKI is induced by cold stimulus and impedes thermogenesis by repressing translation of thermogenesis regulators such as UCP1 and PGC1α. QKI deficient mice are protected from high fat diet induced obesity and insulin resistance.QKI deficiency promotes adipose thermogenesis and prevents cold induced hypothermia.QKI binds mRNAs encoding UCP1 and PGC1α and decreases their stability, nuclear export and translational efficiency.cAMP/CREB signaling transcriptionally upregulates QKI, which in turn represses thermogenesis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a crucial element for wearable devices, high‐performance strain sensors have been spotlighted as an ideal strategy to develop machine‐human interfaces and healthcare systems. It still remains a huge challenge to construct flexible strain sensors with equational response in a broad range. Herein, highly stretchable multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs)–decorated thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) fibers with a porous microstructure are produced through a scalable and facile strategy by wet‐spinning and ultra‐sonication. The fiber is composed of pure TPU fibers with MWCNTs decorated on the surface. The porous fiber is then assembled as a strain sensor. Interestingly, the effective MWCNTs distribution on the TPU fiber enables exponential sensing over the whole strain range. The sensor possesses a high gauge factor (GF, 102 at 300% strain), very large workable sensing range (300% strain), excellent durability (10 000 cycles), light weight (0.85 g cm−3), and fast response (200 ms). The as‐prepared strain sensor exhibits excellent insensitive properties toward buckling, torsion, temperature, and humidity stimuli. Based on the high sensing performance, the fiber‐shaped strain sensor detects human movements precisely by directly attaching to skin or embedding in garments, demonstrating huge potential in human–machine interfaces, health monitoring application, etc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A seeded growth method to produce colloidal carbon dots (CDs) through controlling the number of seeds and reaction time, which is demonstrated to be an effective way to tune their optical properties, is developed. Color‐tunable fluorescence of CDs with blue, green, yellow, and orange emissions under UV excitation is achieved by increasing the size of the seed CDs, with the color depending on the size of the π‐conjugated domains. Strong multicolor photoluminescence of powdered samples enables realization of efficient down‐conversion white‐light‐emitting devices with correlated color temperature ranging from 9579 to 2752 K and luminous efficacy from 19 to 51 lm W−1. Moreover, color‐tunable room‐temperature phosphorescence of CD powders is demonstrated in the broad spectral range of 500–600 nm. It is related to the presence of the nitrogen‐containing groups at the surface of CDs, which form interparticle hydrogen bonds to protect the CD triplet states from quenching, and to the existence of the polyvinylpyrrolidone polymer chains at the surface of CDs. The color‐tunable room‐temperature phosphorescence from CDs demonstrated in this work exhibits potential for data encryption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]