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Near‐infrared region (NIR; 650–1700 nm) dyes offer many advantages over traditional dyes with absorption and emission in the visible region. However, developing new NIR dyes, especially organic dyes with long wavelengths, small molecular weight, and excellent stability and biocompatibility, is still quite challenging. Herein, we present a general method to enhance the absorption and emission wavelengths of traditional fluorophores by simply appending a charge separation structure, dihydropyridopyrazine. These novel NIR dyes not only exhibited greatly redshifted wavelengths compared to their parent dyes, but also displayed a small molecular weight increase together with retained stability and biocompatibility. Specifically, dye NIR‐OX, a dihydropyridopyra‐zine derivative of oxazine with a molecular mass of 386.2 Da, exhibited an absorption at 822 nm and an emission extending to 1200 nm, making it one of the smallest molecular‐weight NIR‐II emitting dyes. Thanks to its rapid metabolism and long wave‐length, NIR‐OX enabled high‐contrast bioimaging and assessment of cholestatic liver injury in vivo and also facilitated the evalua‐tion of the efficacy of liver protection medicines against cholestatic liver injury. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Developing effective latent curing agent for rapid curing of epoxy resins at low temperatures remains challenging. This study reports a latent curing agent, ortho‐cresol phenolic epoxy resin‐bisphenol A (EOCN‐BPA), prepared through the addition reaction of o‐methyl phenolic epoxy resin with BPA. When blended with dicyandiamide (DICY) in a 1:3 molar ratio, EOCN‐BPA/DICY is used to cure a linear epoxy phenolic novolac (EPN) resin (epoxy equivalent: 550 g eq−1, softening point: approximately 82°C), at an onset curing temperature of 90°C, which is considerably lower than the onset curing temperature of DICY with EPN (160°C). However, EOCN‐BPA does not react with EPN without a catalyst. Therefore, this latent curing system is successfully applied in powder coatings, rapid curing at 120°C within 3 min without an additional catalyst, outperforming the EPN/EOCN‐BPA system using cocatalyst 2‐methylimidazole. Consequently, DICY catalyzes the curing reaction between the phenol hydroxyl group and epoxy resin and participates in it. The prepared powder coating exhibits excellent storage stability, maintaining its properties for over 3 months at room temperature. These findings demonstrate the excellent latent properties of EOCN‐BPA/DICY, highlighting its potential as a highly effective latent curing agent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Currently, multifunctional MXene‐integrated wearable textiles (MWTs) are particularly appealing due to their various applications such as health monitoring, smart protection, and medical treatment. However, scalable manufacture of durable, stable, and high‐performance multifunctional MWTs still face challenges due to the poor oxidation stability of MXene and low utilization of precursor titanium aluminum carbide (MAX). Herein, an improved preparation strategy for zinc ion (Zn2+) intercalation is proposed to create high antioxidative MXene (ZM) and exceptionally conductive and printable gel ink based on MXene sediments (ZMS‐ink), while multifunctional wearable textiles are fabricated using spray‐coating and screen‐printing techniques on cellulosic nonwoven textiles (CNWs), achieving the complete utilization of MXene precursor. Benefiting from the inherent disordered stacking and porous structure of CNWs, along with the highly conductive ZM and ZMS‐ink, as‐prepared smart, wearable and green‐based pressure sensor offered proper breathability, high sensitivity (2602.26 kPa−1), wide sensing range (0–141 kPa), and excellent cycling stability (>5000 cycles). Additionally, the sensor exhibited efficient photothermal/photodynamic therapy antibacterial activity and exceptional electromagnetic interference shielding performance (57.5 dB). Therefore, this work paves the way for the future development of integrated and scalable multifunctional wearable devices building on the environmental‐friendly CNWs incorporated with fully utilized MAX, offering a green and cost‐effective approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An iron(III)‐promoted radical fluoroalkylation of o‐alkenylaryl isocyanides has been developed using readily available perfluoroalkyl iodides as fluoroalkyl source. This cyclization reaction features broad substrate scope and provides a simple and efficient approach for regioselective construction of biologically important 2‐fluoroalkylated quinolines in 38–81 % yields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Over the past years, the application potential of ferroelectric nanomaterials with unique physical properties for modern electronics is highlighted to a large extent. However, it is relatively challenging to fabricate inorganic ferroelectric nanomaterials, which is a process depending on a vacuum atmosphere at high temperatures. As significant complements to inorganic ferroelectric nanomaterials, the nanomaterials of molecular ferroelectrics are rarely reported. Here a low‐cost room‐temperature antisolvent method is used to synthesize free‐standing 2D organic–inorganic hybrid perovskite (OIHP) ferroelectric nanosheets (NSs), that is, (CHA)2PbBr4 NSs (CHA = cyclohexylammonium), with an average lateral size of 357.59 nm and a thickness ranging from 10 to 70 nm. This method shows high repeatability and produces NSs with excellent crystallinity. Moreover, ferroelectric domains in single NSs can be clearly visualized and manipulated using piezoresponse force microscopy (PFM). The domain switching and PFM‐switching spectroscopy indicate the robust in‐plane ferroelectricity of the NSs. This work not only introduces a feasible, low‐cost, and scalable method for preparing molecular ferroelectric NSs but also promotes the research on molecular ferroelectric nanomaterials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a major global public health problem and a serious threat to human health. The assembly of the HBV outer shell protein is an important step in the HBV life cycle. Influencing the assembly of core proteins to block viral DNA replication has become a popular target for anti‐HBV drug development. In this study, 47 heteroarylpyrimidine (HAP) compounds were investigated by QSAR, and Topomer CoMFA and HQSAR models with strong predictive ability were developed. Eight new compounds with high activity were successfully designed by searching R groups in Topomer Search. The results of molecular docking and ADMET performance prediction showed that all these compounds have good docking scores and potential medicinal values. To further understand the possible conformations and interactions of the compounds at the protein active site, we performed molecular dynamics simulations of the four compounds with high docking scores and confirmed that these complexes have stable binding conformations by free energy mapping. The free energy calculations verified the stable binding results. These results provide an important reference and theoretical basis for the design and development of effective heteroaryldihydropyrimidine analogs as potential HBV capsid inhibitors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Uterine endometrial cancer (UEC) is a common gynecological estrogen‐dependent carcinoma, usually accompanied by intermenstrual bleeding. Active heme metabolism frequently plays an increasingly important role in many diseases, especially in cancers. Tumor‐associated macrophages (TAMs) are the major population in the immune microenvironment of UEC. However, the roles of heme metabolisms in the crosstalk between UEC cells (UECCs) and macrophages are unclear. Materials and Methods: In our study, by using TCGA database analysis, integration analysis of the protein–protein interaction (PPI) network and sample RNA transcriptome sequencing were done. The expression level of both heme‐associated molecules and iron metabolism‐related molecules were measured by quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction. Heme level detection was done through dehydrohorseradish peroxidase assay. In addition to immunohistochemistry, phagocytosis assay of macrophages, immunofluorescence staining, intracellular ferrous iron staining, as well as enzyme‐linked immune sorbent assay were performed. Results: In the study, we verified that heme accumulation in UECCs is apparently higher than in endometrial epithelium cells. Low expression of succinate dehydrogenase B under the regulation of estrogen contributes to over‐production of succinate and heme accumulation in UECC. More importantly, excessive heme in UECCs impaired macrophage phagocytosis by regulation of CD36. Mechanistically, this process is dependent on toll‐like receptor (TLR4)/type I interferons alpha (IFN Iα) regulatory axis in macrophage. Conclusion: Collectively, these findings elucidate that active heme metabolism of UECCs directly decreases phagocytosis by controlling the secretion of TLR4‐mediated IFN Iα and the expression of CD36, and further contributing to the immune escape of UEC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: The objective of this investigation was to examine the impact of enzymatic hydrolysis of arabinoxylan (AX) on frozen dough quality under subfreezing conditions. The dough was subjected to freezing at −40 °C for 2 h and then stored at −9, −12, and −18 °C for 15 days. The water loss, freezable water content, water migration, and microstructure of the dough were measured. RESULTS: The dough containing 0.8% cellulase enzymatically hydrolyzed AX (CAX) required the shortest duration when traversing the maximum ice‐crystal formation zone (6.5 min). The dough with xylanase enzymatically hydrolyzed AX (XAX) demonstrated a faster freezing rate than the dough with CAX. The inclusion of both XAX and CAX in the dough resulted in the lowest freezable water loss and reduced freezable water content and free‐water content levels, whereas the inclusion of xylanase‐cellulase combined with enzymatically hydrolyzed AX resulted in higher free‐water content levels. The textural properties of the subfreezing temperature dough were not significantly different from the dough stored at −18 °C and sometimes even approached or surpassed the quality observed in the control group rather than the dough stored at −18 °C. In addition, the gluten network structure remains well preserved in XAX‐ and CAX‐containing doughs with minimal starch damage. CONCLUSION: The enzymatic hydrolysis of AX from wheat bran can be used as a useful additive to improve the quality of frozen dough. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, the vertical static variation characteristics of CO2 and crude oil in porous medium under different experimental pressures are studied by using the CO2 miscible visual displacement device jointly developed. The process of change at the CO2 and crude oil interface is characterized by relative height and dissolution expansion rate. Experimental results demonstrate that with the increase of pressure, CO2 gradually reaches a supercritical state with strong extraction and mass transfer capacity, and CO2‐crude oil exhibits different contact forms under different pressures. Under the same pressure, there are also significant differences in contact forms between visual tube and porous medium. The existence of porous medium weakens the mass transfer and diffusion abilities between CO2 and crude oil and reduces the extraction of light components by CO2. In porous medium, the relative height of crude oil is a power function of time, which is 1/5 ≈ 3/10 of that in visual tube. And the dissolution expansion rate of CO2 and crude oil exhibits a negative logarithmic correlation with time, which is 1/4 ≈ 2/5 of that in visual tube. The impact of porous media on relative height and dissolution expansion rate of crude oil becomes more pronounced as the pressure decreases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The heterogeneous monomers obtained from plastic waste degradation are unfavorable for PET recondensation and high‐value derivative synthesis. Herein, we developed an efficient chemical‐enzymatic approach to convert mixed plastic wastes into homogeneous mono‐2‐hydroxyethyl terephthalate (MHET) without downstream purification, benefiting from three discovered BHETases (KbEst, KbHyd, and BrevEst) in nature. Towards the mixed plastic waste, integrating the chemical K2CO3‐driven glycolysis process with the BHETase depolymerization technique resulted in an MHET yield of up to 98.26 % in 40 h. Remarkably, BrevEst accomplished the highest BHET hydrolysis (~87 % efficiency in 12 h) for yielding analytical‐grade MHET compared to seven state‐of‐the‐art PET hydrolases (18 %–40 %). In an investigation combining quantum theoretical computations and experimental validations, we established a MHET‐initiated PET repolymerization pathway. This shortcut approach with MHET promises to strengthen the valorization of mixed plastics, offering a substantially more efficient and energy‐saving route for PET recycling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Targeting the programmed cell death 1/programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD‐1/PD‐L1) pathway has been identified as a successful approach for tumor immunotherapy. Here, we identified that the small molecule 5,7,4′‐trimethoxyflavone (TF) from Kaempferia parviflora Wall reduces PD‐L1 expression in colorectal cancer cells and enhances the killing of tumor cells by T cells. Mechanistically, TF targets and stabilizes the ubiquitin ligase HMG‐CoA reductase degradation protein 1 (HRD1), thereby increasing the ubiquitination of PD‐L1 and promoting its degradation through the proteasome pathway. In mouse MC38 xenograft tumors, TF can activate tumor‐infiltrating T‐cell immunity and reduce the immunosuppressive infiltration of myeloid‐derived suppressor cells and regulatory T cells, thus exerting antitumor effects. Moreover, TF synergistically exerts antitumor immunity with CTLA‐4 antibody. This study provides new insights into the antitumor mechanism of TF and suggests that it may be a promising small molecule immune checkpoint modulator for cancer therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Epithelioid glioblastoma (eGBM) is a rare subtype of GBM. Given the update of the definition of GBM, the understanding of the molecular characteristics and prognosis of "true" adult eGBM remains limited. Herein, we retrospectively analyzed the clinicopathological data of 39 adult eGBM cases. Adult eGBM primarily affected females, with a male‐to‐female ratio of 1:2.3. The average age of diagnosis was 53 years, and the tumor affected the temporal lobe in 41% of cases (16/39, 41%). Microscopically, the tumors consisted mainly or entirely of epithelioid cells. Perivascular infiltration (10/39, 25.6%) and leptomeningeal dissemination (7/39, 17.9%) were not uncommon. BRAF V600E mutation was detected in 40.9% of cases (n = 9/22). Next‐generation sequencing revealed that CDKN2A/B homogeneous deletion was the most frequently mutated gene (8/10, 80%), followed by TERT promoter mutation (7/10, 70%), Cyclin‐dependent kinases 4 or 6 (CDK4/6) amplification (5/10, 50%) and BRAF V600E mutation (50%, 5/10). Notably, the incidence of ARID1B mutation in eGBM was 50% (5/10), representing the first report of such a mutation in this subtype of GBM. ARID1B was known to be a subunit of the SWI/SNF chromatin remodeler. Chromosome analysis showed a 7+/10‐ signature in 90% (9/10) cases. Adult eGBM carried a dismal prognosis compared to GBM with IDH and H3 wild‐type (typical GBM) (OS: 13.89 vs 24.30 months; P =.003) and even typical GBM without MGMT promoter methylation (OS: 13.89 vs 22.08 months; P =.036). Based on these findings, it can be concluded that adult eGBM harbors a high frequency of the 7+/10− signature and alterations in the MAPK pathway, SWI/SNF complex and cyclin‐related genes and portends an extremely poor prognosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To develop the internal compensation for medium size OLED display with high resolution, heavy RC load, and high refresh rate based on oxide TFTs, we employed the pixel of separating compensation and refreshing data, a new PWM‐GOA circuit and a new scan‐GOA circuit. After compensation, the uniformity can be increased from less than 40% to over 80%. We successfully demonstrated 6 inch Panels, which have sufficient stability during operation at 60℃for over 500 hours and 60℃&90% humidity for over 240 hours. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates NaY9Si6O26 ceramics prepared through the solid‐phase method, focusing on their microwave dielectric properties and crystallographic characteristics. X‐ray diffraction analysis reveals a hexagonal crystal structure for NaY9Si6O26 ceramics within the P63/m (176) space group. Rietveld refinement analysis precisely determines the lattice constants as a = b = 9.3423 Å, c = 6.7524 Å, and a unit cell volume of V = 510.3877 Å3. Additionally, Raman spectroscopy unveils a noteworthy correlation between the quality factor and the full width at half maximum of the A1g(O) mode at 878 cm−1. The structural attributes, including lattice fringes and diffraction patterns of hexagonal NaY9Si6O26 ceramics, are elucidated through transmission electron microscopy. Of significance are the microwave dielectric properties of NaY9Si6O26 ceramics sintered at 1465°C, revealing a relative permittivity (εr) of 10.42, an impressive Q × f product of 33 766 GHz (at f = 11.14 GHz), and a temperature coefficient of resonant frequency (τf) of −28.7 ppm/°C. This comprehensive investigation contributes to the understanding of both the structural and microwave dielectric characteristics of NaY9Si6O26 ceramics, with potential applications in advanced electronic devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study expects to explore the sustainable logistics management of foreign trade enterprises, help to further adapt to the development mode of economic globalization at this stage, reduce the international trade cost of enterprises and promote the overall trade development of enterprises. Logistics service providers of foreign trade enterprises are set as the research object to analyzes the problems existing in internal logistics management from the perspective of enterprise logistics. According to the relevant principles of analytic hierarchy process (AHP), the corresponding solutions are proposed. Through the actual investigation and analysis, first, the main problems of modern logistics enterprises are underdeveloped logistics management technology, low degree of information, low work efficiency and high logistics risk. Second, the enterprise logistics management index is divided into five indicators, namely, enterprise service level, enterprise operation qualification, logistics management ability, risk control ability and transportation location advantage. Among the five indicators, service level accounts for the largest proportion, for 30.23%. Four different service providers are scored, and the highest score is 7.5717, which proves the practicability of AHP. Finally, the optimization management strategy is proposed for similar logistics enterprises. The accomplishment of the study can help enterprises reduce costs, continuously improve the level of logistics management, and provide a theoretical basis for the sustainable development of enterprises, which has certain practical significance and can provide scientific and effective reference for subsequent research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Hypertension is a main contributing factor of cardiovascular diseases; deregulated circular RNAs are involved in the pathogenesis of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Herein, we evaluated the function and mechanism of circST6GAL1 in PAH process. Methods: Human pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (HPASMCs) were cultured in hypoxic environment for functional analysis. The cell counting kit‐8, 5‐ethynyl‐2′‐deoxyuridine, wound healing, and flow cytometry assays were used to investigate cell proliferation, migration, and apoptosis. qRT‐PCR and Western blotting analyses were used for level measurement of genes and proteins. The binding between miR‐509‐5p and circST6GAL1 or multiple C2 and transmembrane domain containing 2 (MCTP2) was analyzed by dual‐luciferase reporter, RNA immunoprecipitation, and pull‐down assays. The monocrotaline (MCT)‐induced PAH mouse models were established for in vivo assay. Results: CircST6GAL1 was highly expressed in PAH patients and hypoxia‐induced HPASMCs. Functionally, circST6GAL1 deficiency reversed hypoxia‐induced proliferation and migration, as well as apoptosis arrest in HPASMCs. Mechanistically, circST6GAL1 directly targeted miR‐509‐5p, and MCTP2 was a target of miR‐509‐5p. Rescue assays showed that the regulatory effects of circST6GAL1 deficiency on hypoxia‐induced HPASMCs were abolished. Moreover, forced expression of miR‐509‐5p suppressed HPASMC proliferation and migration and induced cell apoptosis under hypoxia stimulation, while these effects were abolished by MCTP2 overexpression. Moreover, circST6GAL1 silencing improved MCT‐induced pulmonary vascular remodeling and PAH. Conclusion: CircST6GAL1 deficiency reversed hypoxia‐induced proliferation and migration, as well as apoptosis arrest in HPASMCs, and alleviated pulmonary vascular remodeling in MCT‐induced PAH mouse models through the miR‐509‐5p/MCTP2 axis, indicating a potential therapeutic target for PAH. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Endometriosis (EM) is one of the diseases related to retrograded menstruation and hemoglobin. Heme, released from hemoglobin, is degraded by heme oxygenase‐1 (HO‐1). In EM lesions, heme metabolites regulate processes such as inflammation, redox balance, autophagy, dysmenorrhea, malignancy, and invasion, where macrophages (Mø) play a fundamental role in their interactions. Regulation occurs at molecular, cellular, and pathological levels. Numerous studies suggest that heme is an indispensable component in EM and may contribute to its pathogenesis. The regulatory role of heme in EM encompasses cytokines, signaling pathways, and kinases that mediate cellular responses to external stimuli. HO‐1, a catalytic enzyme in the catabolic phase of heme, mitigates heme's cytotoxicity in EM due to its antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory, and anti‐proliferative properties. Certain compounds may intervene in EM by targeting heme metabolism, guiding the development of appropriate treatments for all stages of endometriosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Artificial muscles have attracted great attention as actuators and coiled and twisted monofilament actuators are considered the most promising ones. In the present work, the torsional properties of poly(hexamethylene adipamide) (PA66), poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET), and high‐strength PET (HTPET) monofilaments were investigated. Furthermore, cross‐linked PET (CPET) monofilaments were melt‐spun by adding 1 wt% of 2‐dimethoxy‐2‐phenylacetophenone (ultraviolet (UV) initiator) and triallyl iso‐cyanurate (cross‐linking agent) in PET chips under UV radiation. The HTPET monofilaments had the highest torsional modulus of 1.1 GPa followed by the PET (0.8 GPa) and PA66 (0.6 GPa) monofilaments. Subsequently, the HTPET monofilaments were subjected to heat treatments under tension. When the heat treatment time was 10 min, the mechanical properties of the HTPET monofilaments also tended to first increase and then decrease with the rise of heat treatment temperature. The molecular arrangement and crystal structure of the HTPET monofilaments were gradually improved with the prolongation of tension heat treatment. The tensile strength and initial modulus of the HTPET monofilaments were 871.4 MPa and 15.8 GPa, respectively. The mechanical properties of the CPET monofilaments first increased and then decreased with the increase of the drawing ratio. When the drawing ratio was 10, the CPET monofilament had a tensile strength of 717.2 MPa, an initial modulus of 16.7 GPa, and a maximum torsional modulus of 1.3 GPa. Therefore, both heat treatment and cross‐linking increased the mechanical strength of the PET monofilaments. CPET and HTPET are possible to be used as artificial muscles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The molecular and immunological characteristics of primary tumors and positive lymph nodes in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) are unknown and the relationship with recurrence is unclear, which this study attempted to explore. Methods: A total of 30 ESCC patients with lymph node positive (IIB‐IVA) were enrolled. Among them, primary tumor and lymph node specimens were collected from each patient, and subjected to 551‐tumor‐targeted DNA sequencing and 289‐immuno‐oncology RNA panel sequencing to identify the different molecular basis and immunological features, respectively. Results: The primary tumors exhibited a higher mutation burden than lymph nodes (p < 0.001). One‐year recurrent ESCC exhibited a higher Mucin16 (MUC16) mutation rate (p = 0.038), as well as univariate and multivariate analysis revealed that MUC16 mutation is independent genetic factor associated with reduced relapse‐free survival (univariate, HR: 5.39, 95% CI: 1.67–17.4, p = 0.005; multivariate, HR: 7.36, 95% CI: 1.79–30.23, p = 0.006). Transcriptomic results showed non‐relapse group had higher cytolytic activity (CYT) score (p = 0.025), and was enriched in the IFN‐α pathway (p = 0.036), while those in the relapsed group were enriched in the TNF‐α/NF‐κB (p = 0.001) and PI3K/Akt pathway (p = 0.014). Conclusion: The difference in molecular characteristics between primary lesions and lymph nodes may be the cause of the inconsistent clinical outcomes. Mutations of MUC16 and poor immune infiltration are associated with rapid relapse of nodes‐positive ESCC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Halide solid electrolytes, known for their high ionic conductivity at room temperature and good oxidative stability, face notable challenges in all–solid–state Li–ion batteries (ASSBs), especially with unstable cathode/solid electrolyte (SE) interface and increasing interfacial resistance during cycling. In this work, we have developed an Al3+–doped, cation–disordered epitaxial nanolayer on the LiCoO2 surface by reacting it with an artificially constructed AlPO4 nanoshell; this lithium–deficient layer featuring a rock–salt–like phase effectively suppresses oxidative decomposition of Li3InCl6 electrolyte and stabilizes the cathode/SE interface at 4.5 V. The ASSBs with the halide electrolyte Li3InCl6 and a high–loading LiCoO2 cathode demonstrated high discharge capacity and long cycling life from 3 to 4.5 V. Our findings emphasize the importance of specialized cathode surface modification in preventing SE degradation and achieving stable cycling of halide–based ASSBs at high voltages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Colorectal cancer (CRC) has emerged as the third most prevalent and second deadliest cancer worldwide. Metabolic reprogramming is a key hallmark of cancer cells. Phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase (PHGDH) is over‐expressed in multiple cancers, including CRC. Although the role of PHGDH in metabolism has been extensively investigated, its effects on CRC development remains to be elucidated. In the present study, it was demonstrated that PHGDH expression was significantly up‐regulated in colorectal cancer. PHGDH expression was positively correlated with that of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) and its target genes, CYP1A1 and CYP1B1, in CRC cells. Knockdown of PHGDH reduced AhR levels and activity, as well as the ratio of reduced to oxidized glutathione. The selective AhR antagonist stemregenin 1 induced cell death through reactive oxygen species‐dependent autophagy in CRC cells. PHGDH knockdown induced CRC cell sensitivity to stemregenin 1 via the autophagy pathway. Our findings suggest that PHGDH modulates AhR signaling and the redox‐dependent autophagy pathway in CRC, and that the combination of inhibition of both PHGDH and AhR may be a novel therapeutic strategy for CRC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Multiple myeloma (MM) is the second most common malignant haematological disease with a poor prognosis. The limit therapeutic progress has been made in MM patients with cancer relapse, necessitating deeper research into the molecular mechanisms underlying its occurrence and development. A genome‐wide CRISPR‐Cas9 loss‐of‐function screening was utilized to identify potential therapeutic targets in our research. We revealed that COQ2 plays a crucial role in regulating MM cell proliferation and lipid peroxidation (LPO). Knockout of COQ2 inhibited cell proliferation, induced cell cycle arrest and reduced tumour growth in vivo. Mechanistically, COQ2 promoted the activation of the MEK/ERK cascade, which in turn stabilized and activated MYC protein. Moreover, we found that COQ2‐deficient MM cells increased sensitivity to the LPO activator, RSL3. Using an inhibitor targeting COQ2 by 4‐CBA enhanced the sensitivity to RSL3 in primary CD138+ myeloma cells and in a xenograft mouse model. Nevertheless, co‐treatment of 4‐CBA and RSL3 induced cell death in bortezomib‐resistant MM cells. Together, our findings suggest that COQ2 promotes cell proliferation and tumour growth through the activation of the MEK/ERK/MYC axis and targeting COQ2 could enhance the sensitivity to ferroptosis in MM cells, which may be a promising therapeutic strategy for the treatment of MM patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To explore the predictive value of inflammatory‐nutritional score (INS) and a nomogram for survivals in head and neck soft tissue sarcoma (HNSTS) patients with negative resection margins (R0). Methods: Clinical characteristics and hematological features of 315 HNSTS patients underwent R0 surgery were analyzed. Results: The 5‐year overall survival (OS) rate, 3‐year recurrence‐free survival rate and disease‐free survival (DFS) rate were 77.3%, 61.0% and 55.4%, respectively. High INS was associated with a deep tumor location (p < 0.001), high tumor grade (p < 0.001), and advanced AJCC stage (p < 0.001). The low‐risk group (INS 0) exhibited a higher 5‐year OS rate and 3‐year DFS rate than others (87.6% vs. 81.3% vs. 53.3%, p < 0.001; 62.2% vs. 56.9% vs. 37.9%, p = 0.007). The INS (p = 0.023), tumor depth (p < 0.001), pT classification (p = 0.022), pN classification (p < 0.001) and tumor grade (p < 0.001) were independent survival predictors. Moreover, a novel nomogram for predicting OS was generated and assessed by the concordance index, exhibiting a better performance than the p7TNMG classification alone (p < 0.001). Conclusions: For R0 resected HNSTS patients, the oncological outcomes can be predicted using the INS system and a specific nomogram. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although Postpartum depression (PPD) and PPD with anxiety (PPD‐A) have been well characterized as functional disruptions within or between multiple brain systems, however, how to quantitatively delineate brain functional system irregularity and the molecular basis of functional abnormalities in PPD and PPD‐A remains unclear. Here, brain sample entropy (SampEn), resting‐state functional connectivity (RSFC), transcriptomic and neurotransmitter density data were used to investigate brain functional system irregularity, functional connectivity abnormalities and associated molecular basis for PPD and PPD‐A. PPD‐A exhibited higher SampEn in medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC) and posterior cingulate cortex (PPC) than healthy postnatal women (HPW) and PPD while PPD showed lower SampEn in PPC compared to HPW and PPD‐A. The functional connectivity analysis with MPFC and PPC as seed areas revealed decreased functional couplings between PCC and paracentral lobule and between MPFC and angular gyrus in PPD compared to both PPD‐A and HPW. Moreover, abnormal SampEn and functional connectivity were associated with estrogenic level and clinical symptoms load. Importantly, spatial association analyses between functional changes and transcriptome and neurotransmitter density maps revealed that these functional changes were primarily associated with synaptic signaling, neuron projection, neurotransmitter level regulation, amino acid metabolism, cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) signaling pathways, and neurotransmitters of 5‐hydroxytryptamine (5‐HT), norepinephrine, glutamate, dopamine and so on. These results reveal abnormal brain entropy and functional connectivities primarily in default mode network (DMN) and link these changes to transcriptome and neurotransmitters to establish the molecular basis for PPD and PPD‐A for the first time. Our findings highlight the important role of DMN in neuropathology of PPD and PPD‐A. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pericardial synovial sarcomas (PSS) have a low incidence rate and are highly invasive with a dismal prognosis. Standard treatment includes surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy but with limited response. Here, we report the case of a 15‐year‐old nonsmoking youngster diagnosed with PSS who developed disease relapsed from surgery after 1 month. Next‐generation sequencing (NGS) using baseline tissue was performed, and BRCA2 c.968dupT was detected. Then pazopanib (a multitargeted inhibitor) plus nivolumab (an immune checkpoint inhibitor) was administered, with a partial response and progression‐free survival of 14 months. BRCA2 c.968dupT has not previously been reported in PSS and its response to targeted combination immunotherapy are not well characterized. Here, we report the efficacy of pazopanib combined with nivolumab in a PSS patient harboring BRCA2 c.968dupT and also provide the clinical evidence of the utility of NGS in exploring actionable mutations for solid tumor. Combination therapy based on immunotherapy may be a potential treatment choice for PSS harboring BRCA2 mutation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mechanical forces, including flow shear stress, govern fundamental cellular processes by modulating nucleocytoplasmic transport of transcription factors like Yes‐associated Protein (YAP). However, the underlying mechanical mechanism remains elusive. In this study, it is reported that unidirectional flow induces biphasic YAP transport with initial nuclear import, followed by nuclear export as actin cap formation and nuclear stiffening. Conversely, pathological oscillatory flow induces slight actin cap formation, nuclear softening, and sustained YAP nuclear localization. To elucidate the disparately YAP spatiotemporal distribution, a 3D mechanochemical model is developed, which integrates flow sensing, cytoskeleton organization, nucleus mechanotransduction, and YAP transport. The results unveiled that despite the significant localized nuclear stress imposed by the actin cap, its inherent stiffness counteracts the dispersed contractile stress exerted by conventional fibers on the nuclear membrane. Moreover, alterations in nuclear stiffness synergistically regulate nuclear deformation, thereby governing YAP transport. Furthermore, by expanding the single‐cell model to a collective vertex framework, it is revealed that the irregularities in actin cap formation within individual cells have the potential to induce topological defects and spatially heterogeneous YAP distribution in the cellular monolayer. This work unveils a unified mechanism of flow‐induced nucleocytoplasmic transport, providing a linkage between transcription factor localization and mechanical stimulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is widely used for treatment‐resistant depression. However, it is unclear whether/how ECT can be targeted to affect brain regions and circuits in the brain to dynamically regulate mood and cognition. Methods: This study used brain entropy (BEN) to measure the irregular levels of brain systems in 46 major depressive disorder (MDD) patients before and after ECT treatment. Functional connectivity (FC) was further adopted to reveal changes of functional couplings. Moreover, transcriptomic and neurotransmitter receptor data were used to reveal genetic and molecular basis of the changes of BEN and functional connectivities. Results: Compared to pretreatment, the BEN in the posterior cerebellar lobe (PCL) significantly decreased and FC between the PCL and the right temporal pole (TP) significantly increased in MDD patients after treatment. Moreover, we found that these changes of BEN and FC were closely associated with genes' expression profiles involved in MAPK signaling pathway, GABAergic synapse, and dopaminergic synapse and were significantly correlated with the receptor/transporter density of 5‐HT, norepinephrine, glutamate, etc. Conclusion: These findings suggest that loops in the cerebellum and TP are crucial for ECT regulation of mood and cognition, which provides new evidence for the antidepressant effects of ECT and the potential molecular mechanism leading to cognitive impairment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In response to the issues of traditional backpropagation (BP) neural networks in state of charge (SOC) estimation, including easy convergence to local optima, slow convergence speed, and low accuracy, this paper proposes a novel adaptive crossover mutation strategy and dynamic sparrow search algorithm to optimize BP networks' initial values and thresholds (ACMSSA‐BP). The proposed method is based on the sparrow search algorithm, where the number of producers and scroungers is adjusted through an adaptive factor. This improvement effectively transitions the search process from extensive full exploration to localized fine‐tuning search. In the position update phase of the producers, crossover mutation and dynamic search strategies are introduced to increase the diversity of good populations, prevent the algorithm from converging to local optima, and maintain its local search capability in the later stage. Using real transportation data from coal mining flame‐proof tracked vehicles, we applied correlation theory to extract model feature parameters and constructed a training data set to estimate the SOC. The results of both static and dynamic validation experiments have indicated that the ACMSSA‐BP method has delivered impressive performance in predicting SOC, as reflected in the mean absolute error, root mean squared error, and mean absolute percentage error values of less than 1.5%, 1.5%, and 1.6%, respectively. Compared with BP, SSA‐BP, CMSSA‐BP, PSO‐BP, and NARX_NN methods, the ACMSSA‐BP approach demonstrates enhanced accuracy in estimation, significant robustness, and impressive generalization capabilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

CO2 electroreduction (CO2R) operating in acidic media circumvents the problems of carbonate formation and CO2 crossover in neutral/alkaline electrolyzers. Alkali cations have been universally recognized as indispensable components for acidic CO2R, while they cause the inevitable issue of salt precipitation. It is therefore desirable to realize alkali‐cation‐free CO2R in pure acid. However, without alkali cations, stabilizing *CO2 intermediates by catalyst itself at the acidic interface poses as a challenge. Herein, we first demonstrate that a carbon nanotube‐supported molecularly dispersed cobalt phthalocyanine (CoPc@CNT) catalyst provides the Co single‐atom active site with energetically localized d states to strengthen the adsorbate‐surface interactions, which stabilizes *CO2 intermediates at the acidic interface (pH=1). As a result, we realize CO2 conversion to CO in pure acid with a faradaic efficiency of 60 % at pH=2 in flow cell. Furthermore, CO2 is successfully converted in cation exchanged membrane‐based electrode assembly with a faradaic efficiency of 73 %. For CoPc@CNT, acidic conditions also promote the intrinsic activity of CO2R compared to alkaline conditions, since the potential‐limiting step, *CO2 to *COOH, is pH‐dependent. This work provides a new understanding for the stabilization of reaction intermediates and facilitates the designs of catalysts and devices for acidic CO2R. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Proliferation, metabolism, tumor occurrence and development in gliomas are greatly influenced by RNA modifications. However, no research has integrated the four RNA methylation regulators of m6A, m1A, m5C and m7G in gliomas to analyze their relationship with glioma prognosis and intratumoral heterogeneity. Methods: Based on three in‐house single‐cell RNA‐sequencing (scRNA‐seq) data, the glioma heterogeneity and characteristics of m6A/m1A/m5C/m7G‐related regulators were elucidated. Based on publicly available bulk RNA‐sequencing (RNA‐seq) data, a risk‐score system for predicting the overall survival (OS) for gliomas was established by three machine learning methods and multivariate Cox regression analysis, and validated in an independent cohort. Results: Seven cell types were identified in gliomas by three scRNA‐seq data, and 22 m6A/m1A/m5C/m7G‐related regulators among the marker genes of different cell subtypes were discovered. Three m6A/m1A/m5C/m7G‐related regulators were selected to construct prognostic risk‐score model, including EIFA, NSUN6 and TET1. The high‐risk patients showed higher immune checkpoint expression, higher tumor microenvironment scores, as well as higher tumor mutation burden and poorer prognosis compared with low‐risk patients. Additionally, the area under the curve values of the risk score and nomogram were 0.833 and 0.922 for 3 year survival and 0.759 and 0.885 for 5 year survival for gliomas. EIF3A was significantly highly expressed in glioma tissues in our in‐house RNA‐sequencing data (p < 0.05). Conclusion: These findings may contribute to further understanding of the role of m6A/m1A/m5C/m7G‐related regulators in gliomas, and provide novel and reliable biomarkers for gliomas prognosis and treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The coupling between the incident light and the highly reflective nanoparticles is believed to potentially raise the reflective intensity of PSCLCs by creating a channel that causes the incident light to reach the helical CLCs and reflect outward. Therefore, in this research Ag nanoparticles were blended into polymer stabilized cholesteric liquid crystals (PSCLCs) to enhance their reflective intensity. A small amount of blending Ag nanoparticles (less than 1.0 wt%) in PSCLCs that investigated with 1wt% ‐ 3wt% RM 257 polymerization effectively leads to an increase of the reflective intensity of up to 17%, but has little effect on their thermally induced dynamical reflection variations. These results indicate that the blending of Ag nanoparticles in PSCLCs is an adequate method for the investigation of highly reflective PSCLCs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this research, the house‐made transparent cell with a cell gap of 10 μm was made using one glass slide that coated with commercial polyimide and the other one coated by SD1 photo‐responsive molecules, and filled with CLCs made from E7 nematic LCs and 1.0% S811 doping in the pitch of 10 μm. The LCs on SD1 molecules coated slide thereafter were in‐plane switched clock‐wisely by means of linear polarized blue laser (λ=405nm) irradiation, and thus elongate the pitch and tune reflection of CLCs. As the reflection of incident light has an extremely large wavelength (~14×103 nm) and is hard to be detected, the structure change induced optical performance in CLCs by in‐plane switch of near‐slide LCs was identified by a polarized optical microscopy (POM) under the transmission mode. The cell inserted with CLCs was saw in purple initially, when the near‐slide LCs were clock‐wisely switched by π/4, 5π/12, 7π/12, 2π/3 and 5π/6, respectively, the cell turned to indigo, green, yellow, orange and pink accordingly. Alternatively, the induced pink cells can be counter‐tuned to their initial purple by anti‐clockwise laser irradiation. This observation suggests that the switching of near‐slip LCs is sufficient for optically encoding in CLCs and could have significant applications in displays, especially in a data‐hidden mode. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Photocatalytic CO2 reduction into ideal hydrocarbon fuels, such as CH4, is a sluggish kinetic process involving adsorption of multiple intermediates and multi‐electron steps. Achieving high CH4 activity and selectivity therefore remains a great challenge, which largely depends on the efficiency of photogenerated charge separation and transfer as well as the intermediate energy levels in CO2 reduction. Herein, we construct La and Cu dual‐atom anchored carbon nitride (LaCu/CN), with La‐N4 and Cu‐N3 coordination bonds connected by Cu−N−La bridges. The asymmetric Cu−N−La species enables the establishment of an atomic‐level donor‐acceptor structure, which allows the migration of electrons from La atoms to the reactive Cu atom sites. Simultaneously, intermediates during CO2 reduction on LaCu/CN demonstrate thermodynamically more favorable process for CH4 formation based on theoretical calculations. Eventually, LaCu/CN exhibits a high selectivity (91.6 %) for CH4 formation with a yield of 125.8 μmol g−1, over ten times of that for pristine CN. This work presents a strategy for designing multi‐functional dual‐atom based photocatalysts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Photocatalytic CO2 reduction into ideal hydrocarbon fuels, such as CH4, is a sluggish kinetic process involving adsorption of multiple intermediates and multi‐electron steps. Achieving high CH4 activity and selectivity therefore remains a great challenge, which largely depends on the efficiency of photogenerated charge separation and transfer as well as the intermediate energy levels in CO2 reduction. Herein, we construct La and Cu dual‐atom anchored carbon nitride (LaCu/CN), with La‐N4 and Cu‐N3 coordination bonds connected by Cu−N−La bridges. The asymmetric Cu−N−La species enables the establishment of an atomic‐level donor‐acceptor structure, which allows the migration of electrons from La atoms to the reactive Cu atom sites. Simultaneously, intermediates during CO2 reduction on LaCu/CN demonstrate thermodynamically more favorable process for CH4 formation based on theoretical calculations. Eventually, LaCu/CN exhibits a high selectivity (91.6 %) for CH4 formation with a yield of 125.8 μmol g−1, over ten times of that for pristine CN. This work presents a strategy for designing multi‐functional dual‐atom based photocatalysts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Silicon oxide‐graphite (SiOx‐G) composites are promising anode materials for building practical high‐energy Li‐ion batteries. To acquire long and safe operation of battery, extensive efforts are made to maintain stable Li storage of SiOx‐G against materials aging and the accompanied performance fade. While previous studies mostly focus on the cycling aging, the calendar aging occurred during battery storage at a high state of charge or high temperature has not received sufficient attention. In this work, a mechanism study on the calendar aging chemistry of fully lithiated SiOx‐G electrodes in half‐cells both at ambient and high temperature (60 °C) is performed. Unmodified SiOx is employed as active materials to inspect the change of thermodynamics properties in the bulk and at interfaces. By excluding the interference from cathode, it is revealed that besides aggravated parasitic reactions happening at interface, Li migration from the lithiated graphite to the vicinal SiOx particles is also responsible for calendar aging of SiOx‐G electrodes, and high‐temperature storage notably accelerates the aging process. This work enriches the fundamental understandings about the multifactor‐coupled aging process of anode materials and sheds lights on rational materials design toward improved calendar life of a high‐energy rechargeable battery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using individuals' life history information from a large‐scale national survey (N = 13,044), we causally evaluate how exposure to SARS‐Cov‐1, the first global pandemic in the 21st century, affects long‐term psychological well‐being. We find that exposure to local pandemic risk, that is, local deaths due to the pandemic, significantly reduced people's mental health 12 years later. Consistent with the belief‐based account of depression, exposure to pandemic risk resulted in more pessimistic beliefs about the future and survival probability. People reduced savings and increased hedonic consumption, suggesting a "carpe diem" effect of the pandemic exposure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

How to inhibit the formation of point defects in the preparation process of hybrid perovskite for improving the stability and photovoltaic characteristics has been a hot research issue in recent years. Herein, molecular engineering of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) is focused as a Lewis base for an additive to improve the interface matching of hybrid perovskite solar cells. Based on the molecular binding strategy, the film crystallinity, bond binding, interfacial transport, and water resistance can be effectively regulated, resulting in preferred photovoltaic characteristics. Herein, the highest photoelectric conversion efficiency of perovskite solar cells reaches 19.7% as well as the improved stability of solar cells. Moreover, combined with first‐principles calculation, the mechanism of PVP macromolecules inducing perovskite interfacial binding through molecular engineering is revealed, which provides a feasible route for using organic macromolecules to regulate the crystallinity and photovoltaic characteristics of hybrid perovskite devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The formation of lithium dendrites severely hinders the practical application of all‐solid‐state lithium metal batteries (ASSLMBs). The conventional view is that dendrites initiate at the anode and then grow into solid electrolytes (SEs), while a recent popular opinion holds that Li+ ions can directly be reduced at grain boundaries (GBs) within electrolytes, and these internal dendrites then interconnect resulting in the short‐circuit failure. However, whether the internal GBs or the anode interface dominates the dendrite initiation is still under debate. Herein, first‐principles calculations on the representative system, Li6PS5Cl (LPSC), are performed to investigate these two dendrite initiation mechanisms. The results show that the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) blocks the electron leakage, making the internal Li+ ions less likely to deposit. Combining ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) simulations with theoretical models, the critical current density (CCD) for dendrite formation at the anode interface is predicted to be much lower than at the GBs, indicating dendrites are easier to initiate at the anode. This study reveals that the dendrite formation is governed by the anode‐initiated mechanism instead of the GB‐initiated one. These findings suggest that the anode interface should be a primary concern for designing dendrite‐free batteries rather than the GBs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An iodine‐mediated radical cyclization of o‐vinylaryl isocyanides with disulfides or diselenides was developed. The atom‐economic reaction provides a method for regioselective construction of the 2‐chalcogenated quinolines in 42–93% yields by incorporation of both chalcogen atoms of disulfides or diselenides into quinolines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In nature, plants are exposed to a dynamic light environment. Fluctuations in light decreased the photosynthetic light utilization efficiency (PLUE) of leaves, and much more severely in C4 species than in C3 species. However, little is known about the plasticity of PLUE under dynamic light in C4 species. Present study focused on the influence of planting density to the photosynthesis under dynamic light in maize (Zea mays L.), a most important C4 crop. In addition, the molecular mechanism behind photosynthetic adaptation to planting density were also explored by quantitative proteomics analysis. Results revealed that as planting density increases, maize leaves receive less light that fluctuates more. The maize planted at high density (HD) improved the PLUE under dynamic light, especially in the middle and later growth stages. Quantitative proteomics analysis showed that the transfer of nitrogen from Rubisco to RuBP regeneration and C4 pathway related enzymes contributes to the photosynthetic adaptation to lower and more fluctuating light environment in HD maize. This study provides potential ways to further improve the light energy utilization efficiency of maize in HD. Summary statement: 1.As planting density increases, maize leaves receive less light that fluctuates more.2.The maize grown at high density improved the light utilization efficiency under dynamic light, especially in the middle and later growth stages.3.The transfer of nitrogen from Rubisco to RuBP regeneration and C4 pathway related enzymes contributes to the photosynthetic adaptation to lower and more fluctuating light environment in maize grown at high density. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Macroalgae have been a key ecological component of marine ecosystems since the Proterozoic period and are common fossil forms in Cambrian Burgess Shale‐type Lagerstätten. However, in most cases, it is difficult to place these early fossil algae into modern groups because little distinctive morphology is preserved. Here, we describe a new form of macroalgae, Qingjiangthallus cystocarpium gen. & sp. nov., from the Qingjiang biota of South China. The new taxon is represented by 546 specimens remarkably preserved with characteristics that allow a phylogenetic placement into crown groups of red algae. Centimeter‐sized thalli resemble members of the extant Rhodymeniophycidae (a subclass of the class Florideophyceae), and hence suggest a florideophycean affinity, which indicates that ahnfeltiophycidaen and rhodymeniophycidaen algae may have diverged at least 518 Ma, accordant with estimations of molecular studies. The presence of possible cystocarps on Qingjiangthallus thalli suggests that evolutionary innovation of a triphasic life cycle in red algae may have occurred no later than the Early Cambrian. The branching patterns and branch width of Qingjiangthallus are consistent with the coarsely dichotomously branched morphogroup, which was previously present in the Ediacaran, Ordovician, and afterward, but absent in the Cambrian. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study aims to investigate the mechanism of the nature compound gambogenic acid (GNA) on the apoptosis and ferroptosis in colorectal cancer (CRC). The effect of GNA on the proliferation of CRC cell lines were detected by MTT and clonogenic assay. The xenograft tumor model was established, and the inhibition effect of GNA were evaluated by observing the tumor growth. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) of HCT116 was observed by using the ER tracker. The TargrtScan database was used to predict the miRNA binding sites. The level of miRNA with GNA treatment was explored by real‐time quantitative PCR. The effect of ferroptosis were evaluated by detect the expression of reactive oxygen species (ROS), intracellular ferrous iron (Fe2+), malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), subunit solute carrier family 7 member 11 (SLC7A11), glutathione peroxidase (GPX)4, transferrin, and ferritin by Western blot. GNA isolated from gamboge can inhibit the growth and proliferation of CRC cell lines in a concentration‐dependent manner. GNA activated ER stress by upregulating miR‐1291, and miR‐1291 targeted the forkhead box protein A2 (FOXA2). GNA also induced ROS production and mediated the Fenton reaction by activating transferrin to increase Fe2+, thus inducing ferroptosis. In addition, GNA could induce ferroptosis through the depletion of GSH and GPX4. Furthermore, GNA treatment regulated iron metabolism by activating AMPKα/SLC7A11/GPX4 signaling. In conclusion, GNA activated ER stress via miR‐1291 and induced ferroptosis in CRC cells and might be a new inducer of ferroptosis, which can expand the efficacy of chemotherapy drugs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]