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Radiotherapy demonstrates a synergistic effect with immunotherapy by inducing a transformation of "immune cold" tumors into "immune hot" tumors in triple negative breast cancer (TNBC). Nevertheless, the effectiveness of immunotherapy is constrained by low expression of tumor‐exposed antigens, inadequate inflammation, and insufficient tumor infiltrating lymphocyte (TILs). To address this predicament, novel lutecium‐based rare earth nanoparticles (RENPs) are synthesized with the aim of amplifying radiation effect and tumor immune response. The nanoprobe is characterized by neodymium‐based down‐conversion fluorescence, demonstrating robust photostability, biocompatibility, and targetability. The conjugation of RENPs with a CXCR4 targeted drug enables precise delineation of breast tumors using a near‐infrared imaging system and improves radiation efficacy via lutetium‐based radio‐sensitizer in vivo. Furthermore, the study shows a notable enhancement of immune response through the induction of immunogenic cell death and recruitment of TILs, resulting in the inhibition of tumor progression both in vitro and in vivo models following the administration of nanoparticles. Hence, the novel multifunctional nanoprobes incorporating various lanthanide elements offer the potential for imaging‐guided tumor delineation, radio‐sensitization, and immune activation post‐radiation, thus presenting an efficient radio‐immunotherapeutic approach for TNBC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim Methods Results Conclusions In recent years, proteomics research has surged, with numerous observational studies identifying associations between plasma proteins and type 2 diabetes. However, research specifically focusing on the ratios of plasma proteins in type 2 diabetes remains relatively scarce.This study primarily employed a two‐sample, two‐step Mendelian randomization (MR) approach, leveraging genetic data from several large, publicly accessible genome‐wide association studies, wherein single nucleotide polymorphisms served as proxies for exposures and diseases. Within this framework, we applied two‐sample MR to assess the associations between the 2821 plasma protein‐to‐protein ratios and type 2 diabetes along with its complications and utilized reverse MR to confirm the unidirectionality of these causal relationships. In addition, we employed two‐step MR to investigate the potential mediating role of body mass index in these associations. To augment the robustness of our findings, we systematically implemented a series of sensitivity analyses.The results gleaned from the inverse‐variance weighted method elucidated that a cumulative sum of 23 protein‐to‐protein ratios bore a causal nexus with type 2 diabetes across both sample cohorts. With each incremental elevation of 1 standard deviation in the genetically anticipated protein‐to‐protein ratio, the susceptibility to type 2 diabetes oscillated from 0.93 (95% confidence interval: 0.87, 1.00) for the CNTN3/NCSS1 protein level ratio to 1.13 (1.06, 1.22) for the DBNL/NCK2 protein level ratio. Moreover, a tally of eight protein‐to‐protein ratios correlated with a minimum of one complication linked to type 2 diabetes. Diverse sensitivity analyses corroborated the robustness of these observations.The outcomes of our investigation unveiled correlations between 23 plasma protein‐to‐protein ratios and type 2 diabetes, with eight of these ratios entwined with complications of type 2 diabetes. These discoveries offer novel perspectives on the diagnosis and management of type 2 diabetes and its associated complications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The simultaneous detection of multiple stimuli, such as pressure and temperature, has long been a persistent challenge for developing electronic skin (e‐skin) to emulate the functionality of human skin. Meanwhile, the demand for integrated power supply units is an additional pressing concern to achieve its lightweightness and flexibility. Herein, we propose a self‐powered dual temperature–pressure (SPDM) sensor, which utilizes a compressible ionic gel electrolyte driven by the potential difference between MXene and Al electrodes. The SPDM sensor exhibits a rapid and timely response to changes in pressure‐induced deformation, while exhibiting a slow and hysteretic response to temperature variations. These distinct response characteristics enable the differentiation of current signals generated by different stimuli through machine learning, resulting in an impressive accuracy rate of 99.1%. Furthermore, the developed SPDM sensor exhibits a wide pressure detection range of 0–800 kPa and a broad temperature detection range of 5–75°C, encompassing the environmental conditions encountered in daily human life. The dual‐mode coupled strategy by machine learning provides an effective approach for temperature and pressure detection and discrimination, showcasing its potential applications in wearable electronics, intelligent robots, human–machine interactions, and so on. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Remote sensing technology, which conventionally employs spectrometers to capture hyperspectral images, allowing for the classification and unmixing based on the reflectance spectrum, has been extensively applied in diverse fields, including environmental monitoring, land resource management, and agriculture. However, miniaturization of remote sensing systems remains a challenge due to the complicated and dispersive optical components of spectrometers. Here, m‐phase GaTe0.5Se0.5 with wide‐spectral photoresponses (250–1064 nm) and stack it with WSe2 are utilizes to construct a two‐dimensional van der Waals heterojunction (2D‐vdWH), enabling the design of a gate‐tunable wide‐spectral photodetector. By utilizing the multi‐photoresponses under varying gate voltages, high accuracy recognition can be achieved aided by deep learning algorithms without the original hyperspectral reflectance data. The proof‐of‐concept device, featuring dozens of tunable gate voltages, achieves an average classification accuracy of 87.00% on 6 prevalent hyperspectral datasets, which is competitive with the accuracy of 250–1000 nm hyperspectral data (88.72%) and far superior to the accuracy of non‐tunable photoresponse (71.17%). Artificially designed gate‐tunable wide‐spectral 2D‐vdWHs GaTe0.5Se0.5/WSe2‐based photodetector present a promising pathway for the development of miniaturized and cost‐effective remote sensing classification technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we study a predator--prey mite model of Leslie type with generalized Holling IV functional response. The model is shown to have very rich bifurcation dynamics, including subcritical and supercritical Hopf bifurcations, degenerate Hopf bifurcation, focustype and cusp-type degenerate Bogdanov--Takens bifurcations of codimension 3, originating from a nilpotent focus or cusp of codimension 3 that acts as the organizing center for the bifurcation set. Coexistence of multiple steady states, multiple limit cycles, and homoclinic cycles is also found. Interestingly, the coexistence of two limit cycles is guaranteed by investigating generalized Hopf bifurcation and degenerate homoclinic bifurcation, and we also find that two generalized Hopf bifurcation points are connected by a saddle-node bifurcation curve of limit cycles, which indicates the existence of global regime for two limit cycles. Our work extends some results in the literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Investigating T‐cell immunoglobulin and mucin‐domain containing‐3 (TIM‐3), Galectin 9 (Gal‐9), CD160 expression and tumor‐infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and correlation with clinicopathological characteristics of salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma (SACC). Methods: Sixty cases of SACC were detected by immunohistochemical staining to evaluate TIM‐3, Gal‐9, and CD160 expression and analyze the correlation between TIM‐3, Gal‐9, CD160 expression and clinicopathologic features by rank‐sum test. The association of TILs with TIM‐3, Gal‐9, and CD160 expression in SACC stromal was done by Chi‐square test. Results: TIM‐3 and CD160 overexpression were correlated with recurrence of SACC (p = 0.029, p = 0.007, respectively). High Gal‐9 expression was correlated with pathological classification (p = 0.018). The average percentage of TILs was 18.2% in SACC and most of TILs were more likely to occur in minor salivary glands (p = 0.038). Pairwise positive correlations were observed between the expression of TIM‐3, Gal‐9, and CD160 in tumor cells as well as in TILs, respectively. Conclusion: Low density of TILs was characteristic of the SACC microenvironment, with upregulation of TIM‐3, Gal‐9, and CD160 all occurring. However, TIM‐3, Gal‐9, and CD160 expression in the stromal dependent on the number of TILs represent potential therapeutic targets in SACC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Traditional polarization converters suffer from drawbacks such as significant thickness and high losses, which limit their practical applications. This study introduces a novel metamaterial structure that combines electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) with linear polarization conversion to overcome these limitations. By harnessing the properties of EIT, this structure achieves low‐loss polarization conversion. The mechanism behind this is the generation of an EIT effect through the coupling of the light and dark modes. Additionally, this study focuses on introducing a slight vertical polarization symmetry disruption and inducing the excitation of small components within the dipole of the EIT structure to achieve close‐to‐complete cross‐polarization conversion. The effect of asymmetry on the polarization conversion rate is also explored. This study offers an innovative approach to designing low‐loss polarization converters utilizing EIT technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Purpose: Diabetic vascular complication is a leading cause of disability and mortality in diabetes patients. Low molecular weight fucoidan (LMWF) is a promising drug candidate for vascular complications. Glycocalyx injury predates the occurrence of diabetes vascular complications. Protecting glycocalyx from degradation relieves diabetic vascular complications. LMWF has the potential to protect the diabetes endothelial glycocalyx from shedding. Experimental Approach: The protective effect of LMWF on diabetic glycocalyx damage was investigated in db/db mice and Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells (HUVEC) through transmission electron microscopy and WGA labelling. The effect of LMWF on glycocalyx degrading enzymes expression was investigated. Neuraminidase2 (NEU2) overexpression/knockdown was performed in HUVECs to verify the important role of NEU2 in glycocalyx homeostasis. The interaction between NEU2 and LMWF was detected by ELISA and surface plasmon resonance analysis (SPR). Key Results: LMWF normalizes blood indexes including insulin, triglyceride, uric acid and reduces diabetes complications adverse events. LMWF alleviates diabetic endothelial glycocalyx damage in db/db mice kidney/aorta and high concentration glucose treated HUVECs. NEU2 is up‐regulated in db/db mice and HUVECs with high concentration glucose. Overexpression/knockdown NEU2 results in glycocalyx shedding in HUVEC. Down‐regulation and interaction of LMWF with NEU2 is a new therapy target in glycocalyx homeostasis. NEU2 was positively correlated with phosphorylated IR‐β. Conclusion and Implications: NEU2 is an effective target for glycocalyx homeostasis and LMWF is a promising drug to alleviate vascular complications in diabetes by protecting endothelial glycocalyx. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With over 290 million rural labourers transitioning to urban areas in 2019, China is experiencing an unparalleled scale of internal migration, the largest in human history. Employing instrumental variables (IVs) gleaned from the 2006 China Agricultural Census (CAC), we find that a 10 percentage point increase in the migration rate among co‐villagers amplifies an individual's probability of migrating by 7.13 percentage points. Influencing factors such as information dissemination at the origin and cost efficiencies at the destination likely contribute to the observed clustering of migration by age, destination and industrial sector. Intriguingly, migration seems to exert a negligible influence on the agricultural productivity of those who remain, which may be due to substantial labour redundancy at the point of origin and potentially higher productivity among migrants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In an era characterized by vast data streams and complex socioeconomic dynamics, the fusion and precise analysis of multi‐sourced intelligence has emerged as a pivotal challenge. To address this, the study constructs a sophisticated intelligence fusion network (IFN) architecture leveraging the potential of Artificial General Intelligence (AGI) and the security tenets of blockchain technology. Drawing from diverse fields including informatics, computer science, data analytics, and network security, the research adopts an integrative methodology comprising both a comprehensive literature review and systems analysis. Key findings highlight the prowess of AGI‐driven IFNs in enhancing governmental early warning systems for crisis management. These networks underscore a paradigm shift from reactive postevent measures to proactive pre‐event forecasting, thus bolstering the efficacy of governmental responses. Moreover, the decentralized nature of blockchain technology ensures data integrity, fostering trust in interdepartmental data sharing—an essential for efficient crisis management in hierarchical administrative structures. This study accentuates the need for redefining crisis management strategies, emphasizing data‐driven decision‐making and seamless intelligence sharing to ensure optimal outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

SUMMARY: As a maternal tissue, the pericarp supports and protects for other components of seed, such as embryo and endosperm. Despite the importance of maize pericarp in seed, the genome‐wide transcriptome pattern throughout maize pericarp development has not been well characterized. Here, we developed RNA‐seq transcriptome atlas of B73 maize pericarp development based on 21 samples from 5 days before fertilization (DBP5) to 32 days after fertilization (DAP32). A total of 25 346 genes were detected in programming pericarp development, including 1887 transcription factors (TFs). Together with pericarp morphological changes, the global clustering of gene expression revealed four developmental stages: undeveloped, thickening, expansion and strengthening. Coexpression analysis provided further insights on key regulators in functional transition of four developmental stages. Combined with non‐seed, embryo, endosperm, and nucellus transcriptome data, we identified 598 pericarp‐specific genes, including 75 TFs, which could elucidate key mechanisms and regulatory networks of pericarp development. Cell wall related genes were identified that reflected their crucial role in the maize pericarp structure building. In addition, key maternal proteases or TFs related with programmed cell death (PCD) were proposed, suggesting PCD in the maize pericarp was mediated by vacuolar processing enzymes (VPE), and jasmonic acid (JA) and ethylene‐related pathways. The dynamic transcriptome atlas provides a valuable resource for unraveling the genetic control of maize pericarp development. Significance Statement: This study provides a high temporal resolution transcriptome atlas for unraveling the genetic control of maize pericarp development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cadmium (Cd) pollution poses a serious threat to various ecosystems, and phytoremediation is an alternate method for developing the soil health. To better utilize phytoremediation for Cd‐contaminated soil remediation, the ginkgo leaves, pine needles, and Eucommia bark were mixed and naturally fermented to obtain Ginkgo biloba–Pinus massoniana–Eucommia ulmoides (GPE) Jiaosu and Jiaosu residue, whose effects on Broussonetia papyrifera planted in Cd‐contaminated soil were evaluated. The results showed that the contents of the protein, phenolic, vitamin E, and alcohol of GPE Jiaosu were 4400 ± 0.46, 0.22 ± 0.01, 0.88 ± 0.24, and 4.63 ± 0.25 μL/mL, accordingly, with fine antioxidant activity. The soil pH, electrical conductivity content, organic carbon, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, alkali‐hydrolyzable nitrogen, available phosphorus, and Cd concentration were all significantly (p < 0.05) modified. The chlorophyll content of B. papyrifera was increased by using Jiaosu residue in 12 hours, while the promotion effect of Jiaosu appeared in the later stage (60 days). The Cd tolerance physiological indexes such as malondialdehyde content and antioxidant enzymes' activity were all regulated. Applying the Jiaosu residue, the Cd in stems was decreased by 72.61% under 1000 mg/kg Cd treatment. These results suggested that GPE Jiaosu and Jiaosu residue can improve the properties of Cd‐contaminated soil, promote the Cd tolerance of B. papyrifera, and affect the Cd migration. The current study provides a new bioremediation method using the Jiaosu and Jiaosu residue as Cd environmental remediation materials in a recyclable pathway, which is a circular and healthy development concept that integrates economic, ecological, and social significance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dietary specialization stands as a major factor in the study of adaptive evolution and the field of conservation biology among animals. Although bats show unparalleled dietary diversification among mammals, specialized carnivory remains relatively rare within this group. Consequently, our comprehension of the genetic and conservation aspects associated with this specific dietary niche in bats has largely remained uncharted. To investigate molecular adaptations and conservation genetics in carnivorous bats, we produced a new draft genome assembly for the carnivorous bat Vampyrum spectrum. Furthermore, we utilized this genome alongside another distantly related carnivorous bat Megaderma lyra, to conduct genome‐wide comparative analyses with other bat species. Our findings unveil that genes linked to lipid metabolism exhibit signatures of positive selection and convergent molecular adaptation in the two divergent lineages of carnivorous bats. Intriguingly, we have uncovered that the evolution of dietary specialization in carnivorous bats is accompanied by molecular adaptations acting on genes in the peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptors pathways, which are crucial in regulating plasma lipid metabolism and sustaining lipid homeostasis. Additionally, our genomic analyses also reveal low genetic diversity in both carnivorous bat species. This pattern is attributed to their continuously declining population sizes and low levels of heterozygosity, signaling their vulnerability and emphasizing the pressing need for conservation efforts. These genomic discoveries advance our understanding of genetic underpinnings of carnivory in bats and underscore substantial conservation concerns associated with carnivorous bat species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The emerging aqueous zinc‐ion batteries (ZIBs) have received extensive attention and research due to their unique advantages of low cost, safety, and environmental friendliness. However, the development of appropriate cathode materials to improve battery performance remains a major challenge. Herein, a new MXene and Bi (MXene/Bi) composite material is first applied as the (de)intercalation cathode of ZIB. The dispersed MXene nanosheets in the composite materials greatly improve the conductivity and hydrophilicity of the electrode, and prevent the stacking and the volume expansion in the charge/discharge process of 2D Bi fragments. The experimental results show that composite MXene/Bi electrode has remarkable capacity and ultralong life. Next, the good kinetics and (de)intercalation energy storage mechanism of ZIB are revealed through abundant electrochemical tests and ex situ characterization. The quasi‐solid‐state (QSS) ZIB is also constructed, showing superior electrochemical performance, flexibility, pressure resistance, and heat resistance. Besides, the QSS ZIB can be used directly as a self‐powered pressure sensor to monitor the external pressure in real time based on the response current. This study not only demonstrates that MXene/Bi is a potential cathode for ZIBs, but also offers a feasible path to explore and design the next generation of high‐performance multifunctional ZIBs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are a type of crystalline porous polymer composed of light elements through strong covalent bonds. COFs have attracted considerable attention due to their unique designable structures and excellent material properties. Currently, COFs have shown outstanding potential in various fields, including gas storage, pollutant removal, catalysis, adsorption, optoelectronics, and their research in the sensing field is also increasingly flourishing. In this review, we focus on COF‐based sensors. Firstly, we elucidate the fundamental principles of COF‐based sensors. Then, we present the primary application areas of COF‐based sensors and their recent advancements, encompassing gas, ions, organic compounds, and biomolecules sensing. Finally, we discuss the future trends and challenges faced by COF‐based sensors, outlining their promising prospects in the field of sensing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aqueous micro batteries (AMBs) are expected to be one of the most promising micro energy storage devices for its safe operation and cost‐effectiveness. However, the performance of the AMBs is not satisfactory, which is attributed to strong interaction between metal ions and the electrode materials. Here, the first AMBs are developed with NH4+ as charge carrier. More importantly, to solve the low conductivity and the dissolution during the NH4+ intercalation/extraction problem of perylene material represented by perylene‐3,4,9,10‐tetracarboxylic dianhydride (PTCDA), the Ti3C2Tx MXene with high conductivity and polar surface terminals is introduced as a conductive skeleton (PTCDA/Ti3C2Tx MXene). Benefitting from this, the PTCDA/Ti3C2Tx MXene electrodes exhibit ultra‐high cycle life and rate capability (74.31% after 10 000 galvanostatic chargedischarge (GCD) cycles, and 91.67 mAh g−1 at 15.0 A g−1, i.e., capacity retention of 45.2% for a 30‐fold increase in current density). More significantly, the AMBs with NH4+ as charge carrier and PTCDA/Ti3C2Tx MXene anode provide excellent energy density and power density, cycle life, and flexibility. This work will provide strategy for the development of NH4+ storage materials and the design of AMBs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the XPS mechanical model based on finite element method is established to accurately evaluate the XPS deformation quantity, which provides guidance for evaluating the product's anti‐pressure ability, improving the strength of cell gap and reducing the risk of gap Mura. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, The self‐alignment process is used to realize the Metal+PS structure on the CF (Color Filter) substrate, which can further reduce the size of PS, Photo Spacer; At the same time, Metal can shield the light leakage of PS, because the alignment deviation between BM and PS can be eliminated through the self‐aligning process, so the size of the BM (Black martrix) can be reduced. The application in high ppi LCD products can maximize the aperture ratio of the device. Through the process scheme in this paper, the self‐aligned PS structure of PS can be achieved (CD (Critical Dimension) ≈ 1um, Profile ≈90°), and the unilateral shileding distance is > 2.0um. In 2000PPI products, Apeture Ratio of panel increases to about 40% (conventional circular main+sub PS solution, AR of panel was only about 25%). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The assembly of bacterial communities in the rhizosphere is well‐documented and plays a crucial role in supporting plant performance. However, we have limited knowledge of how plant rhizosphere determines the assembly of protistan predators and whether the potential associations between protistan predators and bacterial communities shift due to rhizosphere selection. To address this, we examined bacterial and protistan taxa from 443 agricultural soil samples including bulk and rhizosphere soils. Our results presented distinct patterns of bacteria and protistan predators in rhizosphere microbiome assembly. Community assembly of protistan predators was determined by a stochastic process in the rhizosphere and the diversity of protistan predators was reduced in the rhizosphere compared to bulk soils, these may be attributed to the indirect impacts from the altered bacterial communities that showed deterministic process assembly in the rhizosphere. Interestingly, we observed that the plant rhizosphere facilitates more close interrelationships between protistan predators and bacterial communities, which might promote a healthy rhizosphere microbial community for plant growth. Overall, our findings indicate that the potential predator–prey relationships within the microbiome, mediated by plant rhizosphere, might contribute to plant performance in agricultural ecosystems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Eu3+‐doped calcium niobate CaNbxO6 phosphors were successfully prepared by a solid‐state reaction, and the crystal structure, morphology, energy transfer process, and temperature‐dependent behaviors were systematically investigated. The CaNbxO6 host matrix presents the self‐activated characteristic emission at 470 nm due to the charge transfer transition of Nb5+–O2+, and the corresponding photoluminescence intensity reaches the maximum intensity when the nonstoichiometric ratio of Ca2+/Nb5+ ions is 1:1.9. Moreover, the energy transfer process from the host (470 nm) to Eu3+ (612 nm) ions in the CaNb1.9O6:Eu3+ phosphor is demonstrated, and the corresponding energy transfer efficiency is significantly enhanced compared with that of stoichiometric sample. Furthermore, it is observed that nonstoichiometric ratio of Nb5+ ions deteriorates the thermal quenching of the matrix while guaranteeing the thermal stability of the activators, resulting in the relative sensitivity (Sr) of CaNb1.9O6:Eu3+ being greatly improved from 2.235% to 3.673% K−1. Herein, these results provide an effective strategy for manipulating the sensitivity of optical thermometers of phosphors based on the induced modulation of the temperature‐response performance via nonstoichiometric control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Coronary artery lesions are the most important complications of Kawasaki disease. Approximately 25–30% of untreated patients develop coronary artery disease, which can lead to long‐term cardiovascular sequelae. Aim: The aim of this study is to evaluate the risk factors for coronary artery lesions in Kawasaki disease and to construct a nomogram for predicting the likelihood of developing such lesions. Methods: Data from 599 patients between January 2012 and June 2020 were reviewed retrospectively. Patients were randomly assigned to the training set (n = 450) and the validation set (n = 149). A comparison of clinical features and laboratory data was performed, followed by multivariate logistic regression analysis to identify independent risk factors and develop the nomogram. The predictive efficiency of the nomogram was evaluated using the calibration curve, area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), C‐index, and decision curve analysis (DCA). Results: Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) resistance, delayed IVIG treatment, C‐reactive protein, and neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio were identified as independent risk factors for the development of coronary artery lesions. The nomogram was constructed based on these four variables. The calibration curve of the nomogram showed a high degree of agreement between the predicted probability and the actual probability. The AUC of the nomogram in the training and validation set was 0.790 and 0.711, respectively. In addition, DCA revealed that the nomogram provided a significant net benefit, further supporting its clinical utility. Conclusions: The constructed nomogram demonstrates a strong and reliable performance in predicting coronary artery lesions, which enables clinicians to make timely and tailored clinical decisions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Okara, a natural source of dietary fibre (DF), is recognised as an edible and safe material. In this study, lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and Kluyveromyces marxianus were used to ferment okara in separately or in combination, and the physicochemical and functional characteristics of obtained insoluble dietary fibre (IDF) excluded from okara were compared. The result showed that compared with non‐fermented okara, the content of IDF from co‐fermented okara by LAB and K. marxianus increased by 6.8%, while separate fermentations were 2.4% and 4.0%. Scanning electron microscopy result showed that the structure of co‐fermented okara IDF was looser and porous with the edge disappeared compared to separate and non‐fermented okara. All the fermentation treatment groups effectively reduced the particle size and affected the cellulose and hemicellulose functional groups of IDF. Furthermore, compared with non‐fermented okara, processing performance, and the activities of hypoglycaemic and hypolipidaemic of IDF were greatly improved in fermented okara. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The global imperfection significantly influences the stability design of the Modular integrated Construction (MiC) buildings. Currently, the initial global imperfection shapes recommended for MiC structures are formulated based on steel frames whose members are continuously connected. In practice, the columns and beams in MiC structures are composed of the members of adjacent module units, which are discontinuously connected through the special joints. Ignorance of such discontinuous features in MiC structures leads to an inappropriate estimation of the structural resistance. This paper introduces a new initial imperfection shape for MiC structures considering out‐of‐verticality of module columns and eccentricity between modules, capturing the discontinuous feature. Random initial imperfection shapes were generated using Monte‐Carlo simulation based on tolerances in regulations. The proposed imperfection shape is adopted in the analysis of a typical MiC structure and the result is compared with results from existing global imperfections in design codes. This research provides a practical global imperfection for the second‐order analysis and design of steel MiC structures. Recommendation for basic value of the proposed imperfection shape is also provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Airborne SARS‐CoV‐2 virus surveillance faces challenges in complicated biomarker enrichment, interferences from various non‐specific matters and extremely low viral load in the urban ambient air, leading to difficulties in detecting SARS‐CoV‐2 bioaerosols. This work reports a highly specific bioanalysis platform, with an exceptionally low limit‐of‐detection (≤1 copy m−3) and good analytical accordance with RT‐qPCR, relying on surface‐mediated electrochemical signaling and enzyme‐assisted signal amplification, enabling gene and signal amplification for accurate identification and quantitation of low doses human coronavirus 229E (HCoV‐229E) and SARS‐CoV‐2 viruses in urban ambient air. This work provides a laboratory test using cultivated coronavirus to simulate the airborne spread of SARS‐CoV‐2, and validate that the platform could reliably detect airborne coronavirus and reveal the transmission characteristics. This bioassay conducts the quantitation of real‐world HCoV‐229E and SARS‐CoV‐2 in airborne particulate matters collected from road‐side and residential areas in Bern and Zurich (Switzerland) and Wuhan (China), with resultant concentrations verified by RT‐qPCR. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We use a first‐price menu auction approach to studying a fiscal competition between two countries of different sizes to attract a foreign monopolist intending to supply two vertically differentiated products in a regional economy composed of the same two countries. Market size and cannibalization exclusively determine the firm's location choice. Though import substitution provides each country with an incentive to bid for FDI, this does not affect the firm's location decisions. As a result, fiscal competition for FDI only involves transfers between the host country/countries of FDI and the firm. We also report novel welfare effects of FDI competition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel series of 5‐substituted/unsubstituted [1,2,4]triazolo[3,4‐b][1,3,4] thiadiazine compounds has been achieved successfully through chemoselective reduction of the C = N bond, based on our prior work. Initial biological evaluation illustrated that the most active derivative 7j exhibited significant cell growth inhibitory activity toward MCF‐7, A549, HCT116, and A2780 with the IC50 values of 0.75, 0.94, 2.90, and 4.15 μM, respectively. Most importantly, all the representative analogs did not demonstrate obvious cytotoxic activity against the non‐tumoural cell line HEK‐293 (IC50 > 100 μM). The mechanism study revealed that 7j caused the G2/M phase arrest, induced cell apoptosis in HeLa cells in a concentration‐dependent manner, and also showed potent tubulin polymerization inhibitory effect. Meanwhile, 7j exerted significant antivascular activity in the wound‐healing and tube formation assays. These observations indicate that 5‐unsubstituted 6,7‐dihydro‐5H‐[1,2,4]triazolo[3,4‐b][1,3,4]thiadiazine scaffold might be considered as a potential lead for antitubulin inhibitors to develop highly efficient anticancer agents with potent selectivity over normal human cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Distributed RF systems are referred to as the fundamental structure for future wireless communication and sensors. To enable wideband coherent operation, synchronization across the distributed systems with massive parallel absolute time delay (ATD) measurements up to sub-picosecond precision should be implemented. Traditional ways to achieve precise ATD measurements usually rely on probe signals with broad bandwidth, while that of RF systems is limited. Although an all-optical solution has high precision, it is complex and not compatible with RF systems. Microwave photonics, which combines the merits of RF and photonics, potentially provides a low-cost and high-precision solution that can be deployed in existing RF systems. Here, ATD measurement with sub-picosecond precision directly over an existing radio over free-space optical (RoFSO) link, requiring no additional hardware beyond the link, is achieved. The bandwidth of the system is only 10 MHz, while the measurement results meet well with those obtained by optical combs. The measurement errors caused by atmospheric turbulence are well suppressed by a dynamic Kalman filter. The RoFSO links can be stabilized in a closed-loop measurement. The standard deviation of the timing jitter is 0.28 ps, and the Allan variance is around 1.9 × 10-19 @1000 s, which is sufficient to synchronize millimeter-wave signals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The transfer functions of the widely used pressure sensors do not exhibit the desired linearity, which limits their practicability in many fields, such as the Internet of Things and artificial intelligence. Herein, MXene/cellulose nanofiber composite membrane‐based linear nanofluidic pressure sensors are demonstrated. The nanoscale gaps between MXene laminates restrict the movement of electrolyte and realize the selective transport of ions, based on which mechanical signals can be converted into electric energy for self‐powering. In particular, the generated voltage and current are directly proportional to the applied pressure. The introduction of high‐strength cellulose nanofibers not only expands the detection range of the sensor but also achieves continuous adjustment of the nano‐gap between MXene laminates, which optimizes the sensitivity of the device. The feasibility of further optimization through the modulation of surface functional groups, electrolyte concentration, and device assembly method is proposed. This 2D nanofluid pressure sensor provides an important approach to manufacture portable and wearable electronic devices for applications in many fields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Enhancing catalytic performance as well as reducing catalyst cost are the eternal pursuit for the catalysis community. Herein, a simple and effective palladium-doped cobalt (Pd/Co) catalyst with high Pd atom utilization efficiency was synthesized via galvanic replacement reaction for the selective hydrogenation of nitrobenzene with H2 at room temperature, delivering >99% yield of aniline with up to 158 times higher catalytic activity than commercial palladium powder. Detailed characterizations and DFT calculations revealed that Co-Pd interaction leads to a decrease in electron density of Pd and the distance between Pd atoms that results in the enhanced catalytic performance. Further experiments indicated that the Pd/Co catalyst serves as a highly efficient, selective, and recyclable catalyst for a range of nitroarene substrates. This work might provide a green and sustainable methodology to design and synthesize highly active catalysts with high utilization efficiency of the noble metals in fundamental and applied research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The geometric multiplication development of MXene has promoted it to become a star material in numerous applications including, but not limited to, energy storage. It is found that pore structure modulation engineering can improve the inherent properties of MXene, in turn significantly enhancing its electrochemical performance. However, most of the current works have focused on exploring the structure-effective relationships of the single-scale pore structure regulation of MXene. Inspired by Murray's law from nature where a highly graded structure of the organisms is discovered and used to achieve effective diffusion and maximize mass transfer, a hierarchically interconnected porous MXene electrode across micro-meso-macroporous is constructed. This MXene-based electrode provides large amounts of active sites while greatly shortening the ion diffusion channel. Finally, the zinc ion microcapacitor based on this MXene electrode exhibits an ultrahigh area-specific capacitance up to 410 mF cm-2 and an energy density up to 103 μWh cm-2 at a power density of 2100 μψ cm-2. The areal energy density outperforms the currently reported zinc ion microcapacitors. This study supports an effective strategy for electrode materials (including but not limited to MXene) to achieve ultra-short ion diffusion channels and maximum transport efficiency for next-generation high-performance energy storage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the increasing popularity of smart wearable devices, flexible pressure sensors are highly desired in various complex application scenarios. A great challenge for existing flexible pressure sensors is to maintain high sensitivity over a wide temperature range, which is critical for their applications in harsh environments. Herein, a flexible piezoresistive sensor made of polyetherimide (PEI) fibrous network evenly covered with MXene nanosheets is reported to construct conductive pathways, showing ultrahigh sensitivity over a wide temperature range from −5 °C (sensitivity of 80 kPa−1) to 150 °C (20 kPa−1), low detection limit of 9 Pa, fast response time of 163 ms, outstanding durability over 10 000 cycles at room temperature, 2000 cycles at 100 °C and 500 cycles at −5 °C. The pressure sensor can monitor various human activities in real‐time, apply to human–machine interaction, and measure pressure distribution. It also can sensitively respond to external mechanical stimuli at 150 °C and extremely low temperature (in liquid nitrogen). Moreover, the fibrous network exhibits an excellent Joule heating performance, which can reach 78 °C at an applied voltage of 12 V. Thus, the piezoresistive sensor has considerable potential for wearable garments and personal heating applications in harsh temperature conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Supercontinuum (SC) has opened up possibilities for numerous applications in optical communications, signal processing, metrology, and spectroscopy. Supercontinuum generation (SCG) in the integrated nonlinear platforms has attracted much interest recently, due to its fundamental advantages in terms of complementary metal oxide semiconductor compatibility, low power consumption, compact size, and cost‐effectiveness. In this paper, the latest progress on various types of nanophotonic waveguides for SCG is reviewed. The material properties of silicon, germanium, silicon–germanium alloy, silicon nitride, silica, chalcogenide, III–V materials, lithium niobate, and other materials, which are used as nonlinear media for SCG are discussed. The wavelength‐dependent nonlinear Kerr index, material, and nonlinear loss of the waveguides are taken into account. This review mainly focuses on the SCG resulting from the cubic χ(3) nonlinearity processes pumped by the femtosecond pulse. The recent representative SCG works based on the integrated optical waveguides are summarized, and further classified according to the dispersion characteristics. Furthermore, different types of spectra broadening mechanisms in details according to the classifications are analyzed. Perspectives on the SC spectral coverage, the realization of various dispersion curves, and the novel materials, which are the key aspects of the SCG in nanophotonic waveguides are provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pamiparib (BGB‐290) is an orally bioavailable, small molecule inhibitor of poly (ADP‐ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1) and PARP2. A reversed‐phase LC with tandem mass spectrometry method was developed and fully validated for determining total and unbound pamiparib concentrations in human plasma and brain tumor tissue. Plasma and tissue homogenate samples were prepared by methanol protein precipitation. Pamiparib and the internal standard [13C2,15N2]pamiparib were separated on a Waters BEH C18 (50 × 2.1 mm, 1.7 μm) column, with a gradient elution consisting of mobile phases A (0.1% formic acid in water) and B (0.1% formic acid in acetonitrile) at a flow rate of 0.25 mL/min. The analytes were monitored with multiple reaction monitoring mode under positive electrospray ionization. The method was fully validated for specificity, linearity, accuracy and precision, matrix effect and recovery, and short‐ and long‐term stability. The lower limit of quantitation was 0.5 nM of pamiparib in plasma or tissue homogenate. The calibration curve was linear over the pamiparib concentration range of 0.5–1000 nM in plasma. The intra‐ and inter‐day precision and accuracy were within the generally accepted criteria for bioanalytical method. Pamiparib was stable in plasma at −80°C for at least 6 months. The method was successfully applied to assess the plasma and tumor pharmacokinetics of total and unbound pamiparib in patients with glioma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The interfaces and surfaces of nanocrystals (NCs) have a great influence on their stability and chemical activities. As effective ways of tailoring surfaces and interfaces of NCs, high‐energy electron beam and temperature are utilized in an in situ transmission electron microscope to study the structural transformation processes at surfaces and interfaces of PbSe NC at atomic scale. The results show that with the combined effect of high‐energy electron beam and high temperature, the atoms at NC interfaces tend to reconstruct themselves to reduce the orientational difference and release the interfacial strain. The structural transformation at the NC surfaces is comparatively slower, which will lead to reduced local surface energies. The systematic study of the structural transformation processes at the NC interfaces and surfaces can better define the corresponding critical points of experimental conditions, which will facilitate accurate surface and interface engineering at specific regions of NCs at atomic resolution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In an era where preventive medicine is increasingly important due to an ageing population and rising obesity, optimised diets are key to improving health and reducing risk of ill health. The Wellcome Trust‐funded, EDESIA: Plants, Food and Health: a cross‐disciplinary PhD programme from Crop to Clinic (218 467/Z/19/Z) focuses on investigating plant‐based nutrition and health, from crop to clinic, drawing on the world‐class interdisciplinary research expertise of partner institutions based on the Norwich Research Park (University of East Anglia, John Innes Centre, Quadram Institute and Earlham Institute). Through a rotation‐based programme, EDESIA PhD students will train in a wide range of disciplines across the translational pathway of nutrition research, including analyses of epidemiological datasets, assessment of nutritional bioactives, biochemical, genetic, cell biological and functional analyses of plant metabolites, in vitro analyses in tissue and cell cultures, investigation of efficacy in animal models of disease, investigation of effects on composition and functioning of the microbiota and human intervention studies. Research rotations add a breadth of knowledge, outside of the main PhD project, which benefits the students and can be brought into project design. This comprehensive PhD training programme will allow the translation of science into guidelines for healthy eating and the production of nutritionally improved food crops, leading to innovative food products, particularly for prevention and treatment of chronic diseases where age is a major risk factor. In this article, we summarise the programme and showcase the experiences of the first cohort of students as they start their substantive PhD projects after a year of research rotations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The CDK4/6‐Rb axis is a crucial target of cancer therapy and several selective inhibitors of it have been approved for clinical application. However, current therapeutic efficacy evaluation mostly relies on anatomical imaging, which cannot directly reflect changes in drug targets, leading to a delay in the selection of optimal treatment. In this study, we constructed a novel fluorescent probe, CPP30‐Lipo/CDKACT4, for real‐time monitoring of CDK4 activity and the therapeutic efficacy of its inhibitor in HR+/HER2– breast cancer. CPP30‐Lipo/CDKACT4 exhibited good optical stability and targetability. The signal of the probe in living cells decreased after CDK4 knockdown or palbociclib treatment. Moreover, the fluorescence intensity of the tumors after 7 days of palbociclib treatment was significantly lower than that before treatment, while no significant change in tumor diameter was observed under magnetic resonance imaging. Overall, we developed an innovative fluorescent probe that can monitor CDK4 activity and the early therapeutic response to CDK4 inhibitors in living cells and in vivo. It may provide a new strategy for evaluating antitumor therapeutic efficacy in a clinical context and for drug development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High‐performance flexible pressure sensors have attracted a great deal of attention, owing to its potential applications such as human activity monitoring, man–machine interaction, and robotics. However, most high‐performance flexible pressure sensors are complex and costly to manufacture. These sensors cannot be repaired after external mechanical damage and lack of tactile feedback applications. Herein, a high‐performance flexible pressure sensor based on MXene/polyurethane (PU)/interdigital electrodes is fabricated by using a low‐cost and universal spray method. The sprayed MXene on the spinosum structure PU and other arbitrary flexible substrates (represented by polyimide and membrane filter) act as the sensitive layer and the interdigital electrodes, respectively. The sensor shows an ultrahigh sensitivity (up to 509.8 kPa–1), extremely fast response speed (67.3 ms), recovery speed (44.8 ms), and good stability (10 000 cycles) due to the interaction between the sensitive layer and the interdigital electrodes. In addition, the hydrogen bond of PU endows the device with the self‐healing function. The sensor can also be integrated with a circuit, which can realize tactile feedback function. This MXene‐based high‐performance pressure sensor, along with its designing/fabrication, is expected to be widely used in human activity detection, electronic skin, intelligent robots, and many other aspects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aqueous Zn‐ion batteries (AZIBs) are promising candidates for implementing large‐scale energy storage, but the adverse side reactions and unsatisfactory cycle life brought by Zn‐metal anodes limit their potential in applications. Herein, an ingenious synthesized CuS1–x@polyaniline (PANI) is proposed as an attractive conversion‐type Zn‐metal‐free anode for AZIBs, in which appropriate S‐vacancies and PANI heterointerfaces can be simultaneously constructed. This "killing three birds with one stone" strategy stabilizes the anode structure by utilizing organic–inorganic heterointerfaces and enhances Zn2+ storage, benefiting from abundant S‐vacancies, as well as initiating fast Zn2+ transport kinetics based on the joint effect of the two. Operando X‐ray absorption fine structure and synchrotron X‐ray diffraction further reveal the highly reversible conversion reaction of CuS1–x@PANI via a distinct crystallization–amorphous transformation mechanism. These features endow CuS1–x@PANI with sufficient zinc‐ion storage capacity (215 mA h g−1 at 100 mA g−1) and reliable current abuse tolerance (154.3 mA h g−1 at 1 A g−1 after 1000 cycles). Moreover, when matched with the optimized ZnxMnO2 cathode, the full battery achieves a record‐high cycling performance of 10 000 cycles (80% capacity retention) at a superhigh current density of 10 A g−1. This study provides new opportunities for developing high‐performance rocking‐chair AZIBs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, the microstructure and physicochemical properties of high‐entropy ceramics have received much interest by the combination of multiple principal elements. Herein, (Ti0.2V0.2Cr0.2Nb0.2Ta0.2)2AlC–(Ti0.2V0.2Cr0.2Nb0.2Ta0.2)C high‐entropy ceramics (M2AlC‐MC HECs) were prepared by the spark plasma sintering (SPS) technique, attributing to the structural and chemical diversity of MAX phases. The microstructure of M2AlC‐MC HECs was characterized from micron to atomic scales, and the phase composition of M2AlC‐MC HECs was analyzed by a combination of Maud and Rietveld analysis. The results indicate the successful solid solution of Ti, V, Cr, Nb, and Ta atoms in the M‐site of the 211‐MAX configuration, and all the samples show a classic layered structure. The weight percentage of (Ti0.2V0.2Cr0.2Nb0.2Ta0.2)2AlC in the M2AlC‐MC HECs was more than 90%. Furthermore, the thermoelectric properties of M2AlC‐MC HECs were investigated for the first time in this study, and the electrical conductivity and thermal conductivity of HECs are 3278 S cm−1 and 2.78 W m−1 K−1at 298 K, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Low‐dimensional semiconductors with in‐plane anisotropy and narrow bandgap have been extensively applied to polarized detection in the near‐infrared (NIR) region. However, the narrow bandgap can cause noise owing to the high dark current in photodetectors. This article reports quasi‐1D ZrGeTe4 nanoribbon‐based photodetectors with low dark current and broadband polarization detection. The photodetector was fabricated by evaporating 50‐nm‐thick Au electrodes on a ZrGeTe4 nanoribbon. Benefiting from the photovoltaic characteristics in the ZrGeTe4 nanoribbon and Au electrodes, these photodetectors can operate without bias voltage, with decreased dark current, and improved device performance. Furthermore, the quasi‐1D ZrGeTe4 nanoribbon‐based photodetectors demonstrate a polarization sensitivity in a broadband from visible (VIS) to the NIR region, such as a high photoresponsivity of 625.65 mA W−1, large external quantum efficiency of 145.9% at 532 nm, and photocurrent anisotropy ratio of 2.04 at 1064 nm. They exhibit a novel perpendicular optical reversal of 90° in polarization‐sensitive photodetection, angle‐resolved absorption spectra, and azimuth‐dependent reflectance difference microscopy (ADRDM) from VIS to the NIR region, as opposed to other nanoribbon‐based polarization‐sensitive photodetectors. This work paves the way for utilizing photovoltaic photodetectors based on low‐dimensional materials for broad‐spectrum polarized photodetection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to the difficulty of tracking large numbers of new migrants, how their daily activity behaviors differ from those of settled residents has not been well investigated, leading to a lack of understanding of new migrants' integration. Meanwhile, existing research largely emphasized residential space and ignored other activity disparities. To obtain a more comprehensive picture of urban segregation, we identified new migrants and two settled urban groups from two kinds of human mobility data. A S‐T‐A‐D‐I interactive framework was proposed to measure segregation from multiple activity dimensions, including spatial colocation, temporal coexistence, accessibility, activity diversity, and social interaction. Two‐scale analysis of spatial colocation patterns reveals residential segregation by both residential location and housing type, suggesting the effectiveness of the mobility data in profiling socioeconomic groups. The temporal disparity in undertaking activities was unveiled by identifying temporal coexistence patterns. Moreover, the groups presented significant inequality in accessibility owing to the use of different travel modes, leading to a notable disparity in activity diversity. Jointly determined by the disparities in space, time, and diversity, the three groups generated a high level of self‐segregation, and new migrants and transit users presented very low interaction potentials with the car group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been considered as important modulators in the development of osteoarthritis. The present study investigates whether there is a link between lncRNA small nucleolar RNA host gene 5 (SNHG5) and osteoarthritis pathogenesis, and the underlying molecular mechanism. To establish an in vitro model of osteoarthritis, interleukin 1β (IL‐1β) was used to treat chondrocytes (C20/A4 cells) for mimicking the inflammatory condition in osteoarthritis pathogenesis. SNHG5 and miR‐181a‐5p expression levels were then detected in cartilage tissues of osteoarthritis patients and C20/A4 cells by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Cell counting kit‐8 and 5‐ethynyl‐2ʹ‐deoxyuridine assays were applied for detecting the viability of chondrocytes, and the apoptosis of chondrocytes was examined through caspase‐3 activity assay and flow cytometry analysis. Western blot and qPCR were employed for determining the expression levels of TGFBR3, ADAMTS5, and MMP‐13. The regulatory relationships among SNHG5, miR‐181a‐5p, and TGFBR3 were verified by RNA immunoprecipitation and dual‐luciferase reporter assays. The expression levels of SNHG5 and TGFBR3 were markedly decreased, and miR‐181a‐5p expression was enhanced in osteoarthritis tissues and chondrocytes treated with IL‐1β. SNHG5 knockdown inhibited the viability of chondrocytes, induced apoptosis, and promoted the expression levels of ADAMTS5 and MMP‐13. Conversely, SNHG5 overexpression could counteract the effects of IL‐1β, increase the viability of chondrocytes and suppress apoptosis. Mechanically, SNHG5 positively regulated TGFBR3 expression via sponging miR‐181a‐5p. Moreover, miR‐181a‐5p overexpression and TGFBR3 knockdown counteracted the effects of SNHG5 on chondrocytes. SNHG5 can probably protect chondrocytes from the inflammatory response and reduce the degradation of the extracellular matrix via modulating the miR‐181a‐5p/TGFBR3 axis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]