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This study investigates predictors of unsatisfactory outcomes in female overactive bladder (OAB) patients treated with oral monotherapy by analyzing skin sympathetic nerve activity (SKNA) using a novel "neuECG" method. The study included 55 newly diagnosed female patients with idiopathic OAB, autonomic function was evaluated using neuECG before treatment initiation, and validated OAB questionnaires and urodynamic studies were administered. Initial monotherapy was administered for the first 4 weeks, with non‐responders defined as patients not achieving satisfactory symptom relief and requiring further treatment. Responders (n = 32) and non‐responders (n = 23) had no significant differences in baseline characteristics or urodynamic parameters; however, non‐responders exhibited significantly higher baseline average SKNA (aSKNA) (1.36 ± 0.49 vs. 0.97 ± 0.29 μV, p = 0.001), higher recovery aSKNA (1.28 ± 0.46 vs. 0.97 ± 0.35 μV, p = 0.007), and a lower stress/baseline ratio of aSKNA (1.05 ± 0.42 vs. 1.26 ± 0.26, p = 0.029). Baseline aSKNA had the highest predictive value for monotherapy refractoriness in OAB (AUROC = 0.759, p = 0.001), with an optimal cut‐off point of >1.032 μV. These findings suggest that elevated pre‐treatment aSKNA can predict resistance to oral monotherapy in OAB, warranting close monitoring and proactive treatment strategies for patients with high aSKNA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The construction of nanostructured heterostructure is a potent strategy for achieving high‐performance photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting. Among these, constructing BiVO4‐based heterostructure stands out as a promising method for optimizing light‐harvesting efficiency and reducing severe charge recombination. Herein, we present a novel approach to fabricate a type II heterostructure of core/shell Bi2S3/BiVO4 using electrolytic deposition and successive ionic layer adsorption and reaction (SILAR) methods. We identify the type II heterostructure and the difference in fermi energy using UV‐Vis spectroscopy, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and PEC measurements. This redistribution of charges due to the fermi energy difference induces an interfacial built‐in electric field from BiVO4 to Bi2S3, reinforcing the photogenerated hole transfer kinetics from BiVO4 to Bi2S3. The Bi2S3/BiVO4 heterostructure exhibits a superior photocurrent (6.0 mA cm−2), enhanced charge separation efficiency (85 %), and higher open‐circuit photovoltage (350 mV). Additionally, the heterostructure displays a prolonged average lifetime of charge (1.63 ns), verifying this heterojunction could boost interfacial carriers' migration via an additional nonradiative quenching pathway. Furthermore, the lower photoluminescence (PL) intensity demonstrates the interfacial built‐in electric field is beneficial for boosting charge migration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores the ionization characteristics of 19 amino acids using positive-ion Helium-Desorption Atmospheric Pressure Chemical Ionization Mass Spectrometry (He-DART-MS). The study reveals that multiple hydrogenation radical adducts of amino acids were observed during He-DART-MS analysis, with heterocyclic amino acids being more likely to produce these adducts. Aromatic amino acids, on the other hand, were less likely to exhibit this phenomenon. The findings provide valuable insights for the analysis of related compounds using He-DART-MS. The study received support from the Science and Technology Development Planning Project of Jilin Province and the Project for Outstanding Young Scientific and Technological Talents of Changchun University of Chinese Medicine. [Extracted from the article]

The development of resistance in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells limits the effectiveness of sorafenib, but combination therapy with other drugs may have a positive effect. However, the effect of ropivacaine combined with sorafenib on the treatment of HCC cells and its potential regulatory mechanisms remain unclear. The proliferation and apoptosis of HCC cells treated with ropivacaine, sorafenib, and ropivacaine plus sorafenib were analyzed by cell‐counting kit 8 and flow cytometry. The protein levels were measured by Western blot. The antitumor effect of ropivacaine, sorafenib, and their combination was verified by a tumor xenograft model. Ropivacaine and sorafenib markedly impeded the viability of HCC cells in a concentration‐dependent manner. Compared with ropivacaine or sorafenib treatment alone, ropivacaine and sorafenib combination treatment impeded HCC cell proliferation, facilitated apoptosis, enhanced cleaved caspase‐3, cleaved caspase‐9, and cyclin D1 protein expression, while it reduced IL‐6 and p‐STAT3 expression and inhibited tumor growth in vivo. Importantly, the activation of the IL‐6/STAT3 pathway could reverse the repressive or stimulative effects of ropivacaine and sorafenib on the proliferation and apoptosis in HCC cells. In summary, ropivacaine synergistically induces sorafenib‐stimulated apoptosis of HCC cells via the IL‐6/STAT3 pathway. Ropivacaine is a potential drug for the treatment of HCC when combined with sorafenib. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Positron emission tomography (PET) imaging studies in laboratory animals are almost always performed under isoflurane anesthesia to ensure that the subject stays still during the image acquisition. Isoflurane is effective, safe, and easy to use, and it is generally assumed to not have an impact on the imaging results. Motivated by marked differences observed in the brain uptake and metabolism of the PET tracer 3‐[18F]fluoro‐4‐aminopyridine [(18F]3F4AP) between human and nonhuman primate studies, this study investigates the possible effect of isoflurane on this process. Mice received [18F]3F4AP injection while awake or under anesthesia and the tracer brain uptake and metabolism was compared between groups. A separate group of mice received the known cytochrome P450 2E1 inhibitor disulfiram prior to tracer administration. Isoflurane was found to largely abolish tracer metabolism in mice (74.8 ± 1.6 vs. 17.7 ± 1.7% plasma parent fraction, % PF) resulting in a 4.0‐fold higher brain uptake in anesthetized mice at 35 min post‐radiotracer administration. Similar to anesthetized mice, animals that received disulfiram showed reduced metabolism (50.0 ± 6.9% PF) and a 2.2‐fold higher brain signal than control mice. The higher brain uptake and lower metabolism of [18F]3F4AP observed in anesthetized mice compared to awake mice are attributed to isoflurane's interference in the CYP2E1‐mediated breakdown of the tracer, which was confirmed by reproducing the effect upon treatment with the known CYP2E1 inhibitor disulfiram. These findings underscore the critical need to examine the effect of isoflurane in PET imaging studies before translating tracers to humans that will be scanned without anesthesia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) play a pivotal role in today's society, with widespread applications in portable electronics, electric vehicles, and smart grids. Commercial LIBs predominantly utilize graphite anodes due to their high energy density and cost‐effectiveness. Graphite anodes face challenges, however, in extreme safety‐demanding situations, such as airplanes and passenger ships. The lithiation of graphite can potentially form lithium dendrites at low temperatures, causing short circuits. Additionally, the dissolution of the solid‐electrolyte‐interphase on graphite surfaces at high temperatures can lead to intense reactions with the electrolyte, initiating thermal runaway. This review introduces two promising high‐safety anode materials, Li4Ti5O12 and TiNb2O7. Both materials exhibit low tendencies towards lithium dendrite formation and have high onset temperatures for reactions with the electrolyte, resulting in reduced heat generation and significantly lower probabilities of thermal runaway. Li4Ti5O12 and TiNb2O7 offer enhanced safety characteristics compared to graphite, making them suitable for applications with stringent safety requirements. This review provides a comprehensive overview of Li4Ti5O12 and TiNb2O7, focusing on their material properties and practical applicability. It aims to contribute to the understanding and development of high‐safety anode materials for advanced LIBs, addressing the challenges and opportunities associated with their implementation in real‐world applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: The antagonistic interplay between phosphorus (P) and zinc (Zn) in plants is well established. However, the molecular mechanisms mediating those interactions as influenced by arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis remain unclear.We investigated Zn concentrations, root AM symbiosis, and transcriptome profiles of maize roots grown under field conditions upon different P levels. We also validated genotype‐dependent P–Zn uptake in selected genotypes from a MAGIC population and conducted mycorrhizal inoculation experiments using mycorrhizal‐defective mutant pht1;6 to elucidate the significance of AM symbiosis in P–Zn antagonism. Finally, we assessed how P supply affects Zn transporters and Zn uptake in extraradical hyphae within a three‐compartment system.Elevated P levels led to a significant reduction in maize Zn concentration across the population, correlating with a marked decline in AM symbiosis, thus elucidating the P–Zn antagonism. We also identified ZmPht1;6 is crucial for AM symbiosis and confirmed that P–Zn antagonistic uptake is dependent on AM symbiosis. Moreover, we found that high P suppressed the expression of the fungal RiZRT1 and RiZnT1 genes, potentially impacting hyphal Zn uptake.We conclude that high P exerts systemic regulation over root and AM hyphae‐mediated Zn uptake in maize. These findings hold implications for breeding Zn deficiency‐tolerant maize varieties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simultaneously achieving high‐energy‐density and high‐power‐density is a crucial yet challenging objective in the pursuit of commercialized power batteries. In this study, atomic layer deposition (ALD) is employed combined with a coordinated thermal treatment strategy to construct a densely packed, electron‐ion dual conductor (EIC) protective coating on the surface of commercial LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2 (NCM523) cathode material, further enhanced by gradient Al doping (Al@EIC‐NCM523). The ultra‐thin EIC effectively suppresses side reactions, thereby enhancing the stability of the cathode‐electrolyte interphase (CEI) at high‐voltages. The EIC's dual conduction capability provides a potent driving force for Li+ transport at the interface, promoting the formation of rapid ion deintercalation pathways within the Al@EIC‐NCM523 bulk phase. Moreover, the strategic gradient doping of Al serves to anchor the atomic spacing of Ni and O within the structure of Al@EIC‐NCM523, curbing irreversible phase transitions at high‐voltages and preserving the integrity of its layered structure. Remarkably, Al@EIC‐NCM523 displays an unprecedented rate capability (114.7 mAh g−1 at 20 C), and a sustained cycling performance (capacity retention of 74.72% after 800 cycles at 10 C) at 4.6 V. These findings demonstrate that the proposed EIC and doping strategy holds a significant promise for developing high‐energy‐density and high‐power‐density lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The quest for smart electronics with higher energy densities has intensified the development of high‐voltage LiCoO2 (LCO). Despite their potential, LCO materials operating at 4.7 V faces critical challenges, including interface degradation and structural collapse. Herein, we propose a collective surface architecture through precise nanofilm coating and doping that combines an ultra‐thin LiAlO2 coating layer and gradient doping of Al. This architecture not only mitigates side reactions, but also improves the Li+ migration kinetics on the LCO surface. Meanwhile, gradient doping of Al inhibited the severe lattice distortion caused by the irreversible phase transition of O3−H1−3−O1, thereby enhanced the electrochemical stability of LCO during 4.7 V cycling. DFT calculations further revealed that our approach significantly boosts the electronic conductivity. As a result, the modified LCO exhibited an outstanding reversible capacity of 230 mAh g−1 at 4.7 V, which is approximately 28 % higher than the conventional capacity at 4.5 V. To demonstrate their practical application, our cathode structure shows improved stability in full pouch cell configuration under high operating voltage. LCO exhibited an excellent cycling stability, retaining 82.33 % after 1000 cycles at 4.5 V. This multifunctional surface modification strategy offers a viable pathway for the practical application of LCO materials, setting a new standard for the development of high‐energy‐density and long‐lasting electrode materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Our objective in this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of oligosaccharides extracted from black ginseng (OSBG), innovatively prepared by a low‐temperature steam‐heating process, in the improvement of learning and memory impairment in mice, as well as the mechanism(s). RESULTS: Eight carbohydrates involving isomaltose and maltotetraose were detected in black gensing; monosaccharide residues including mannose and rhamnose were also discovered. OSBG‐treated mice showed significant amelioration in recognition and spatial memory deficits compared to the scopolamine group. OSBG could decrease acetylcholinesterase activity in a tissue‐dependent fashion but not in a dose‐dependent manner. Furthermore, in contrast, OSBG administration resulted in significant upregulation superoxide dismutase, glutathione, glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and Kelch‐like ECH‐associated protein 1, downregulation of malondialdehyde and nuclear factor erythroid 2‐related factor 2 in the tissues. Finally, at the genus level, we observed that the OSBG interventions increased the relative abundance of probiotics (e.g., Barnesiella, Staphylococcus, Clostridium_XlVb) and decreased pernicious bacteria such as Eisenbergiella and Intestinimonas, compared to the Alzheimer's disease mouse model group. Herein, our results demonstrate that OSBG restores the composition of the scopolamine‐induced intestinal microbiota in mice, providing homeostasis of gut microbiota and providing evidence for microbiota‐regulated therapeutic potential. CONCLUSION: Our results showed for the first time a clear role for OSBG in improving scopolamine‐induced memory impairment by inhibiting cholinergic dysfunction in a tissue‐dependent manner. Additionally, OSBG administration relieved oxidative stress by activating the Keap‐1/Nrf2 pathway and modulating the gut microbiota. Collectively, OSBG may be a promising target for neuroprotective antioxidants for improving memory and cognition in Alzheimer's disease patients. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A low‐cost, high‐efficiency corona discharge detection method is important in ensuring the safety of high‐voltage transmission systems. High‐sensitivity solar‐blind deep‐ultraviolet (SBDU) photodetectors (PD) have obvious advantages in corona discharge detection. Herein, a fully transparent SBDU photoconductive detector with indium tin oxide (ITO) transparent electrodes is successfully constructed based on amorphous Ga2O3 (a‐Ga2O3) thin films. The device demonstrates an ultra‐high responsivity of 1.3 × 104 A W−1, a detectivity of 3.2 × 1014 Jones, and an external quantum efficiency of 6.7 × 106%. In addition, the capability of the ultra‐sensitive fully transparent photoconductive detector is investigated in terms of corona discharge detection. It is established that the device detection distance limit for simulated corona discharge detection is up to 70 cm, that is, the device can effectively detect extremely weak solar‐blind deep‐ultraviolet signals below 204 pW cm−2. A proof‐of‐concept for the future application of easily‐integrated fully transparent amorphous Ga2O3 photoconductive detectors with low manufacturing costs in high‐voltage corona discharge detection is provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The direct ortho‐alkynylation of substituted phenylalanine has been successfully achieved through methoxyiminoacyl (MIA)‐mediated Pd‐catalyzed C−H functionalization. This innovative protocol showcases the ability to apply a diverse range of phenylalanine substrates, resulting in the efficient synthesis of alkynylation benzylamine derivatives with notable effectiveness. Computational investigations further revealed that the fluoride ion enhances the electropositivity of Pd(IV) and the interaction between C1 and C2 within the transition state of the reductive elimination, which significantly expedites the reductive elimination step in the alkynylation process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Idiopathic short stature (ISS) is a common childhood condition with largely unknown underlying causes. Recent research highlights the role of circulating exosomes in the pathogenesis of various disorders, but their connection to ISS remains unexplored. In the experiments, human chondrocytes are cocultured with plasma exosomes from ISS patients, leading to impaired chondrocyte growth and bone formation. Elevated levels of a specific long non‐coding RNA (lncRNA), ISSRL, are identified as a distinguishing factor in ISS, boasting high specificity and sensitivity. Silencing ISSRL in ISS plasma exosomes reverses the inhibition of chondrocyte proliferation and bone formation. Conversely, overexpression of ISSRL in chondrocytes impedes their growth and bone formation, revealing its mechanism of action through the miR‐877‐3p/GZMB axis. Subsequently, exosomes (CT‐Exo‐siISSRL‐oeGH) with precise cartilage‐targeting abilities are engineered, loaded with customized siRNA for ISSRL and growth hormone. This innovative approach offers a therapeutic strategy to address ISS by rectifying abnormal non‐coding RNA expression in growth plate cartilage and delivering growth hormone with precision to promote bone growth. This research provides valuable insights into ISS diagnosis and treatment, highlighting the potential of engineered exosomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bone implant biomaterials are among the most used materials for clinical application. Despite significant advances in biocompatibility and osteoconductivity, conventional biomaterials lack the ability to cope with the pathological microenvironment (inflammation, infection, residual tumors, etc.) during bone repair. Semiconductor implant materials have unique electrical, optical, ultrasound, and thermal response properties, which facilitate non‐invasively and controllably dynamic repair of pathological bone defects. In this review, the design and synthesis of a new generation of semiconductor‐driven bone implant materials are summarized, the mechanism of action of semiconductive biomaterials' functional interfaces and the dynamic repair process of bone tissues are discussed, and new strategies for the problems encountered during clinical osseointegration is provided. Finally, the review outlooks the future of functional semiconductive implants for bone defect repair. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, a facile in situ precuring and supercritical CO2 (sc‐CO2) foaming technology is proposed to fabricate silicone rubber foam (SRF) with a tunable cell structure. Uncured silicone rubber is put into the autoclave to saturate sc‐CO2 directly, which not only shorts the saturation time but also accelerates the curing reaction in the precuring process. In the foaming process, cell nucleation is triggered by rapid release of pressure. The cell structure of SRF samples with cell size range of 9.45 to 128.09 μm, cell density range of 3.5 × 105 cells/cm3 to 5.7 × 108 cells/cm3, and porosity range of 28.35% to 77.28% are successfully fabricated by controlling of precuring time, saturation pressure and foaming temperature. To guarantee the dimensional stability and optimize surface quality of SRF samples, in situ post‐curing process is implemented within the foaming mold. With the increase of cell size from 9.91 to 128.09 μm, the compressive stress at strain of 75% decreases from 2.19 to 0.61 MPa, while the energy loss coefficient reduces from 35.4% to 16.9%, exhibiting excellent compression recovery steady. The new technique integrates the precuring, foaming process and post‐curing into an autoclave to simplify the SRF procedure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ischemic heart disease, especially myocardial infarction (MI), is one of the leading causes of death worldwide, and desperately needs effective treatments, such as cell therapy. Cardiopulmonary progenitors (CPPs) are stem cells for both heart and lung, but their repairing role in damaged heart is still unknown. Here, we obtained CPPs from E9.5 mouse embryos, maintained their stemness while expanding, and identified their characteristics by scRNA‐seq, flow cytometry, quantitative reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction, and differentiation assays. Moreover, we employed mouse MI model to investigate whether CPPs could repair the injured heart. Our data identified that CPPs exhibit hybrid fibroblastic, endothelial, and mesenchymal state, and they could differentiate into cell lineages within the cardiopulmonary system. Moreover, intramyocardial injection of CPPs improves cardiac function through CPPs exosomes (CPPs‐Exo) by promotion of cardiomyocytic proliferation and vascularization. To uncover the underlying mechanism, we used miRNA‐seq, bulk RNA‐seq, and bioinformatic approaches, and found the highly expressed miR‐27b‐3p in CPPs‐Exo and its target gene Sik1, which can influence the transcriptional activity of CREB1. Therefore, we postulate that CPPs facilitate cardiac repair partially through the SIK1‐CREB1 axis via exosomal miR‐27b‐3p. Our study offers a novel insight into the role of CPPs‐Exo in heart repair and highlights the potential of CPPs‐Exo as a promising therapeutic strategy for MI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a high‐order Fourier‐expansion based differential quadrature method with isothermal and thermal lattice Boltzmann flux solvers (LBFS‐FDQ and TLBFS‐FDQ) for simulating incompressible flows. The numerical solution in the present method is approximated via trigonometric basis. Therefore, both periodic and non‐periodic boundary conditions can be handled straightforwardly without the special treatments as required by polynomial‐based differential quadrature methods. The incorporation of LBFS/TLBFS enables the present methods to efficiently simulated various types of flow problems on considerably coarse grids with spectral accuracy. The high‐order accuracy, efficiency and competitiveness of the proposed method are comprehensively demonstrated through a wide selection of isothermal and thermal flow benchmarks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This study aims to find the difference in clinical and immunopathological characteristics between children and adults with antrochoanal polyps (ACPs) in the Chinese population. Methods: The clinical data of 69 patients diagnosed with ACPs were retrospectively analyzed. Cytokine levels in 16 controls and 40 ACPs tissues were determined by quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). The expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)‐9 was measured using qPCR, immunofluorescent staining, and western blot. Results: There were 51 (73.9%) children (<18 years old) and 18 (26.1%) adults (≥18 years old). The sex ratio differed significantly between the two groups (p = 0.0032). There were no significant differences in the nasal side of ACPs and approaches to surgery between the two groups. In both groups, the most common symptom was nasal obstruction, followed by nasal discharge. As for associated nasal diseases, there was a significant difference between the two groups in septal deviation (p = 0.0223). Adult patients showed significantly higher expression of IL‐8 mRNA than children (p = 0.0424). The mRNA and protein levels of MMP‐9 were also significantly higher in adult patients than in children (p = 0.0498 and 0.0009, respectively). Conclusion: In the Chinese population, the comorbidities and immunopathological characteristics of adult ACP patients are different from those of children. The level of IL‐8 and MMP‐9 was significantly higher in ACPs of adults than in children, which may contribute to the more severe tissue remolding in adult ACP patients. Level of Evidence: 3 Laryngoscope, 134:2093–2099, 2024 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The development of drug resistance in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells limits the effectiveness of sorafenib (Sor). However, the regulatory mechanisms underlying the effects of the combination Sor and ropivacaine (Rop) on HCC cells remain unclear. Methods: miR‐224 and HOXD10 mRNA expression in HCC cells was analyzed using qRT‐PCR. CCK‐8, Transwell assays and tumor formation experiments in nude mice were used to assess HCC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. Migration of HCC cells was also analyzed using a cell scratch assay. Hematoxylin and eosin staining was used to detect tumor area. Results: miR‐224 expression profoundly increased in HepG2 and Huh7 cells. Treatment with Rop and/or Sor blocked miR‐244 expression, especially the combination treatment. Transfection of miR‐224 mimic increased HCC cell proliferation and tumor size in nude mice, and migration and invasion in vitro in the presence of Rop and Sor compared to the negative control mimic. Dual‐luciferase reporter assays showed that HOXD10 was targeted by miR‐224. HOXD10 protein expression and was markedly reduced in HepG2 and Huh7 cells. Rop and/or Sor treatment increased HOXD10 protein expression, particularly the combination treatment. miR‐224 negatively regulated HOXD10 expression in HCC cells treated with Rop and Sor. Transfection‐mediated silencing of HOXD10 increased HCC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in the presence of Rop and Sor compared with negative control transfection. Conclusion: The combination of Rop and Sor attenuates HCC cell proliferation and metastasis via the miR‐224/HOXD10 axis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aiming at the current control steady‐state error caused by sampling delay, parameters mismatch of direct‐drive permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM). This paper proposed a method of dual model predictive control (MPC) of direct‐drive PMSM based on sliding mode disturbance observer (SMDO). Deadbeat predictive current control (DPCC) is used for current loop, a SMDO is proposed to observe the system disturbance, the estimation is compensated to DPCC by feedback to decrease the current control steady‐state error. For speed loop, MPC with an internal model control observer (IMCO) can observe and compensate the load disturbance feedforward. The experimental results show that, the dynamic response speed of the proposed strategy is fast, the speed recovery time after sudden load torque is short, and the anti‐load disturbance performance and current tracking performance are effectively improved. © 2024 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by Wiley Periodicals LLC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Graphitic carbon nitride (g‐C3N4) is a highly recognized two‐dimensional semiconductor material known for its exceptional chemical and physical stability, environmental friendliness, and pollution‐free advantages. These remarkable properties have sparked extensive research in the field of energy storage. This review paper presents the latest advances in the utilization of g‐C3N4 in various energy storage technologies, including lithium‐ion batteries, lithium‐sulfur batteries, sodium‐ion batteries, potassium‐ion batteries, and supercapacitors. One of the key strengths of g‐C3N4 lies in its simple preparation process along with the ease of optimizing its material structure. It possesses abundant amino and Lewis basic groups, as well as a high density of nitrogen, enabling efficient charge transfer and electrolyte solution penetration. Moreover, the graphite‐like layered structure and the presence of large π bonds in g‐C3N4 contribute to its versatility in preparing multifunctional materials with different dimensions, element and group doping, and conjugated systems. These characteristics open up possibilities for expanding its application in energy storage devices. This article comprehensively reviews the research progress on g‐C3N4 in energy storage and highlights its potential for future applications in this field. By exploring the advantages and unique features of g‐C3N4, this paper provides valuable insights into harnessing the full potential of this material for energy storage applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Laser ablation of bio‐tissues is the key technology of future surgeries, owing to the merits of submicron accuracy, non‐contact operation, and precision control assisted by automation and computer intelligence. Excellent efficiency, minimal collateral damage, biological safety, and tissue selectivity are the ideal parameters for delicate surgical applications. Here, by exploring the mid‐infrared (MIR) resonant ablation and the femtosecond cold processing, tissue ablation with multi‐millimeter depth and cellular collateral damage, enabled by a tabletop femtosecond MIR optical parametric amplifier operating at the amide‐I resonant wavelength of 6.1 µm, is demonstrated. Remarkably, the collateral damage is observed to be 15, <4, and <1 µm in the porcine cornea, sclera, and articular cartilage, respectively, with multi‐millimeter incision depth. In addition, preliminary proof‐of‐concept experiments of tissue‐selective ablation, microchannels on cartilage for drug delivery, laser glaucoma, keratotomy, neurologic tissue incision, dentin deep crater formation, and hypertrophic scarring ablation are demonstrated, which pave the way for high‐precision surgical applications with a tabletop solution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: Disturbances in the circadian rhythm are positively correlated with the processes of aging and related neurodegenerative diseases, which are also associated with brain iron accumulation. However, the role of brain iron in regulating the biological rhythm is poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the impact of brain iron levels on the spontaneous locomotor activity of mice with altered brain iron levels and further explored the potential mechanisms governing these effects in vitro. Results: Our results revealed that conditional knockout of ferroportin 1 (Fpn1) in cerebral microvascular endothelial cells led to brain iron deficiency, subsequently resulting in enhanced locomotor activity and increased expression of clock genes, including the circadian locomotor output cycles kaput protein (Clock) and brain and muscle ARNT‐like 1 (Bmal1). Concomitantly, the levels of period circadian regulator 1 (PER1), which functions as a transcriptional repressor in regulating biological rhythm, were decreased. Conversely, the elevated brain iron levels in APP/PS1 mice inhibited autonomous rhythmic activity. Additionally, our findings demonstrate a significant decrease in serum melatonin levels in Fpn1cdh5 ‐CKO mice compared with the Fpn1flox/flox group. In contrast, APP/PS1 mice with brain iron deposition exhibited higher serum melatonin levels than the WT group. Furthermore, in the human glioma cell line, U251, we observed reduced PER1 expression upon iron limitation by deferoxamine (DFO; iron chelator) or endogenous overexpression of FPN1. When U251 cells were made iron‐replete by supplementation with ferric ammonium citrate (FAC) or increased iron import through transferrin receptor 1 (TfR1) overexpression, PER1 protein levels were increased. Additionally, we obtained similar results to U251 cells in mouse cerebellar astrocytes (MA‐c), where we collected cells at different time points to investigate the rhythmic expression of core clock genes and the impact of DFO or FAC treatment on PER1 protein levels. Conclusion: These findings collectively suggest that altered iron levels influence the circadian rhythm by regulating PER1 expression and thereby modulating the molecular circadian clock. In conclusion, our study identifies the regulation of brain iron levels as a potential new target for treating age‐related disruptions in the circadian rhythm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Peptides and peptide aptamers have emerged as promising molecules for a wide range of biomedical applications due to their unique properties and versatile functionalities. The screening strategies for identifying peptides and peptide aptamers with desired properties are discussed, including high‐throughput screening, display screening technology, and in silico design approaches. The synthesis methods for the efficient production of peptides and peptide aptamers, such as solid‐phase peptide synthesis and biosynthesis technology, are described, along with their advantages and limitations. Moreover, various modification techniques are explored to enhance the stability, specificity, and pharmacokinetic properties of peptides and peptide aptamers. This includes chemical modifications, enzymatic modifications, biomodifications, genetic engineering modifications, and physical modifications. Furthermore, the review highlights the diverse biomedical applications of peptides and peptide aptamers, including targeted drug delivery, diagnostics, and therapeutic. This review provides valuable insights into the advancements in screening, synthesis, modification, and biomedical applications of peptides and peptide aptamers. A comprehensive understanding of these aspects will aid researchers in the development of novel peptide‐based therapeutics and diagnostic tools for various biomedical challenges. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Somatic mutations accumulate with age and are associated closely with human health, their characterization in longevity cohorts remains largely unknown. Here, by analyzing whole genome somatic mutation profiles in 73 centenarians and 51 younger controls in China, we found that centenarian genomes are characterized by a markedly skewed distribution of somatic mutations, with many genomic regions being specifically conserved but displaying a high function potential. This, together with the observed more efficient DNA repair ability in the long‐lived individuals, supports the existence of key genomic regions for human survival during aging, with their integrity being of essential to human longevity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ultralong organic room‐temperature phosphorescence (RTP) materials, especially high‐energy blue emission materials, have attracted tremendous attention but remain difficult to achieve. Here, a strategy based on the multi‐hydrogen bonds enhanced anchoring effect is developed to activate single‐molecule blue phosphorescence emission with the highest efficiency of 29.79%. Specifically, the aromatic electrophilic directing (AED) effect provides a rational explanation for the structural spectral change. The construction of artificial light‐harvesting systems via physical blending achieves on‐demand modulation for afterglow color, including white afterglow. Furthermore, cold‐white emission is also achieved via a structural π‐extension optimization strategy. Moreover, the high transmittance and reversible water‐sensitivity render these polymer films with applicability as smart organic optoelectronic materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Deubiquitylating enzymes (DUBs) maintain relative homeostasis of the cellular ubiquitome by removing the post‐translational modification ubiquitin moiety from substrates. Numerous DUBs have been demonstrated specificity for cleaving a certain type of ubiquitin linkage or positions within ubiquitin chains. Moreover, several DUBs perform functions through specific protein–protein interactions in a catalytically independent manner, which further expands the versatility and complexity of DUBs' functions. Dysregulation of DUBs disrupts the dynamic equilibrium of ubiquitome and causes various diseases, especially cancer and immune disorders. This review summarizes the Janus‐faced roles of DUBs in cancer including proteasomal degradation, DNA repair, apoptosis, and tumor metastasis, as well as in immunity involving innate immune receptor signaling and inflammatory and autoimmune disorders. The prospects and challenges for the clinical development of DUB inhibitors are further discussed. The review provides a comprehensive understanding of the multi‐faced roles of DUBs in cancer and immunity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The free‐standing triboelectric nanogenerator (F‐S TENG) is demonstrated to be an efficient energy conversion device. However, limited by the inherent features of high‐voltage, low alternating current and high output impedance, TENGs suffer from inefficient energy utilization and difficulties in practical applications. Therefore, the efficient harvest of mechanical energy and optimization of output are currently critical issues for TENGs. Here, a strategy is proposed for optimizing the inherent features by coupling F‐S TENG to a capacitor auto‐conversion circuit (CAC). For the first time, a specific idea is proposed explicitly to reduce the output impedance by the management circuit. Eventually, a high current density of 32 A m−2 and a charge density of 1.75 mC m−2 are achieved, which is 8.78 times higher than previous works. The power density and energy density reach to 124 W m−2 and 252 mJ m−2 under 470 and 150 Ω respectively. Then, 5000 LEDs and two lamps rated at 220 V and 50 W are manually illuminated. The resulting pulse output is utilized as a trigger source for the thyristor, enabling DC contactless switching. This work provides a novel approach to realize high‐performance DC output of TENGs and effectively reduce external load impedance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High‐resolution in vivo optical multiplexing in second near‐infrared window (NIR‐II, 1000–1700 nm) is vital to biomedical research. Presently, limited by bio‐tissue scattering, only luminescent probes located at NIR‐IIb (1500–1700 nm) window can provide high‐resolution in vivo multiplexed imaging. However, the number of available luminescent probes in this narrow NIR‐IIb region is limited, which hampers the available multiplexed channels of in vivo imaging. To overcome the above challenges, through theoretical simulation we expanded the conventional NIR‐IIb window to NIR‐II long‐wavelength (NIR‐II‐L, 1500–1900 nm) window on the basis of photon‐scattering and water‐absorption. We developed a series of novel lanthanide luminescent nanoprobes with emission wavelengths from 1852 nm to 2842 nm. NIR‐II‐L nanoprobes enabled high‐resolution in vivo dynamic multiplexed imaging on blood vessels and intestines, and provided multi‐channels imaging on lymph tubes, tumors and intestines. The proposed NIR‐II‐L probes without mutual interference are powerful tools for high‐contrast in vivo multiplexed detection, which holds promise for revealing physiological process in living body. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: In this paper, we discuss the security control problem of cyber physical systems based on identifying false data injection attacks. First, the unknown adversary randomly attacks the measurement output, a mechanism is set in the sensor to update the measurement output to the constant, called the one‐valued quantized mechanism. Then, the Bienayme–Chebyshev inequality and the one‐valued quantized mechanism are utilized to design an identification algorithm, the estimated value of the false data injection attack and the minimum identification time can be obtained. Furthermore, based on the LMI theory, sampled‐data control gains with and without attacks are obtained to ensure the system mean‐square exponential stable, respectively. And the corresponding maximum sampling period of the controller is obtained. Finally, numerical examples verify the correctness and effectiveness of the theory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) prostate cancer‐associated transcript 29 (PCAT29) is known to suppress several cancers, but its participation in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains elusive. This study tried to explore PCAT29 function in HCC. In this study, a total of 62 HCC patients were enrolled. Tissue samples were collected from all 62 patients to isolate RNA samples. Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction was applied for the expression analysis of PCAT29 and microRNA‐155 (miR‐155) in these tissue samples. The 62 HCC patients were followed up for 5 years to explore the prognostic value of PCAT29 for HCC. Correlations were analyzed using linear regression. IntaRNA 2.0 was used to predict the interaction between PCAT29 and miR‐155. The role of PCAT29 and miR‐155 in regulating HCC cell invasion and migration was evaluated by Transwell assay. We found that PCAT29 expression was downregulated in HCC and miR‐155 expression was upregulated in HCC compared to nontumor samples (p < 0.001). Downregulation of PCAT29 was found to be closely associated with poor survival of HCC patients. MiR‐155 was inversely correlated with PCAT29. It was predicted that miR‐155 could target PCAT29. In HCC cells, miR‐155 overexpression resulted in reduced PCAT29 expression (p < 0.05). MiR‐155 counteracted the inhibitory effects of PCAT29 overexpression on HCC cell migration and invasion. These results suggest that PCAT29 may be a potential prognostic biomarker and a novel therapeutic target for treating HCC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the rapid increase in size and frame rate of TV products, high‐ speed data transmission has become a major issue to be solved. This paper studied the PCB impact factors of high‐speed digital signal transmission on large‐sized display panels, like channel loss, crosstalk between adjacent signals, etc. Simultaneously, improvement methods for signal amplitude attenuation in panel transmission systems was proposed. Based on 98' 4K 120Hz TV product platform, the signal attenuation of transmission system was evaluated, and the effectiveness of the improvement schemes also was verified, the result shows signal quality in system can be improved above 20%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Obesity is characterized by chronic low‐grade inflammatory responses in the adipose tissue, accompanied by pronounced insulin resistance and metabolic anomalies. It affects almost all body organs and eventually leads to diseases such as fatty liver disease, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and atherosclerosis. Recently, T cells have emerged as interesting therapeutic targets because the dysfunction of T cells and their cytokines in the adipose tissue is implicated in obesity‐induced inflammation and their complicated onset. Although several recent narrative reviews have provided a brief overview of related evidence in this area, they have mainly focused on either obesity‐associated T cell metabolism or modulation of T cell activation in obesity. Moreover, at present, no published review has reported on the multifaceted roles of T cells in obesity and obesity‐related complications, even though there has been a significant increase in studies on this topic since 2019. Therefore, this narrative review aims to comprehensively summarize current advances in the mechanistic roles of T cells in the development of obesity and its related complications. Further, we aim to discuss relevant drugs for weight loss as well as the contradictory role of T cells in the same disease so as to highlight key findings regarding this topic and provide a valid basis for future treatment strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The factors that control strain partitioning along plate boundaries and within continental interiors remains poorly resolved. Plate convergence may be accommodated via distributed crustal shortening or discrete crustal‐scale strike‐slip faulting, but what controls these differing modes of deformation is debated. Here we address this question by examining the actively deforming regions that surround the Tarim Basin in central Asia, where deformation is uniquely partitioned into predominately strike‐slip faults in the east and distributed fold‐thrust belts in the west to accommodate Cenozoic India‐Asia plate convergence. We present integrated geological and geophysical observations to elucidate patterns in crustal deformation and compositional structure in and around the Tarim Basin. The thrust‐dominated western Tarim Basin correlates with a strongly‐magnetic lower crust, whereas strike‐slip faulting along the eastern margins of the Tarim Basin lack such magnetic signals. We suggest that the lower crust of the western Tarim is more mafic and stronger than in the east, which impacts intra‐plate strain partitioning. A stronger lower crust results in vertical decoupling to drive mid‐crust horizontal detachments and facilitate thrust faulting, whereas a more homogenized crust favored vertical transcrustal strike‐slip faulting. These rheological differences likely originated from the impingement of the Permian Tarim plume focused in the west. A comparison with the Longmen Shan of eastern Tibetan Plateau reveals remarkably similar strain partitioning that correlates with variations in foreland rheology. Our results highlight how variations in lower‐crust viscosity impact strain partitioning in an intra‐plate setting and how plume processes exert a strong control on later continental tectonic processes. Plain Language Summary: Crustal deformation propagates far into the continental plate interior when continental plates collide and converge. Sometimes intra‐plate deformation is expressed via distributed crustal shortening in fold‐thrust belts and sometimes it is manifested as discrete vertical strike‐slip faults that accommodate lateral plate motion. It remains unclear what dictates which mode of deformation operates within the continental interior. Here we examined the patterns and compositional structure of deformational belts around the Tarim Basin in central Asia using integrated geological and geophysical datasets. The western Tarim Basin is characterized by distributed shortening and the eastern basin is characterized by strike‐slip faulting, and these differences correlate strength variations in the lower crust imaged via magnetic surveys and inversions. Specifically, we hypothesize the stronger crust of the western Tarim Basin allows the upper crust to detach to develop fold‐thrust belts, whereas the eastern Tarim Basin has a more homogenously strong crustal column that is cut by vertical strike‐slip faults. Our proposed model with lower‐crust rheology controlling the mode of intra‐plate deformation may be broadly applicable to zones of continental deformation. Key Points: Crustal deformation around the Tarim Basin is uniquely partitioned into predominately strike‐slip faults in the east and distributed fold‐thrust belts in the westLower crustal viscosity impacts crust‐scale deformation and strain partitioning in an intraplate settingPlume‐driven crustal modification exerts a strong control on later continental tectonic process [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Drugs for acute postoperative pain and breakthrough cancer pain are still urgent in clinical. LPM3480392 is a G‐protein‐biased ligand at the μ‐opioid receptor and showed potent analgesia in nonclinical studies. Two phase I studies of LPM3480392 were conducted in healthy Chinese male volunteers to explore its tolerability, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics under single ascending doses (Study I 0.1–3.0 mg, 30 min) and different infusion times (Study II, 0.6–1.0 mg, 2–15 min). There was one serious adverse event (AE) observed in Study II, and the rest AEs were mild or moderate in severity and resolved by the end of the study. Plasma LPM3480392 maximum concentration (Cmax) (under lower infusion rate) and area under the plasma concentration‐time curve (AUCs) were generally increased with dose. Moreover, LPM3480392 at a dose of 0.6 mg under a 2 min infusion rate elicited effective analgesia as the peak effect within 10–30 min, which was measured by cold pain test and pupillometry. These findings suggest that LPM3480392 could be a potential treatment for acute pain management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Herein, a three‐dimensional star‐like double‐arrow lattice is proposed, which is inspired by the double‐arrow structure. Based on Bloch's theorem and finite element method, the calculation program is made up and the band structures are calculated. The calculation results demonstrate that the bandgap property of the double‐arrow lattice is improved compared with that of a cross lattice. The parametric study is carried out and geometric parameters have strong effects on the bandgap property. As the angle between the external edge and symmetric line increases, the total bandgap width increases apparently, and the opening frequency of low‐order bandgap decreases. This phenomenon reflects that the low‐frequency bandgap property is improved. Via the isosurface of phase velocity and group velocity, the anisotropy is investigated. Strong anisotropy and energy focus appear, which can be used to design waveguides. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A unified numerical model for simulating thermal flows past and through porous media whose thermal properties are identical with those of the surrounding fluid is proposed in this paper, which advances the work of the unified immersed boundary‐lattice Boltzmann flux solver (UIB‐LBFS). The proposed method greatly simplifies the conventional computation procedure for thermal flows past porous bodies by unifying the governing equations for the flow and temperature fields in both the porous and fluid domains. This is achieved by introducing a diffuse layer, across which the variation of the flow properties including its thermal features are expected to be smooth. Also, the developed method can be applied on either uniform or nonuniform grid since the numerical fluxes are locally reconstructed by LBFS at cell interfaces. In addition, the boundary conditions for both the flow and temperature fields at the porous‐fluid interface with complex shape can be implemented through IBM in a simple way. The proposed method is validated by several numerical examples over wide ranges of thermal parameters from forced convection to mixed convection. Excellent agreements are obtained for all simulations, including the one with severe temperature gradient in the thin temperature boundary layer at Pr=10$$ \mathit{\Pr}=10 $$, which demonstrates the capabilities of the proposed method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]