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BACKGROUND: The dangerous inducers of muscle atrophy are inflammatory reaction, oxidative stress, and cachexia, etc. β‐Glucan, an important food derived active ingredient, has been reported to exert anti‐inflammatory effects, however, its effects on regulating myoblast differentiation and protein degradation are unclear. This study is aimed to investigate the mechanism of oat β‐glucan on alleviating muscle atrophy. RESULTS: The results showed that oat β‐glucan treatment reversed tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) induced abnormal myoblast differentiation and reduced muscle atrophy related MuRF‐1 and Atrogin‐1 protein expression. The similar phenomenon was observed after using MCC950 (NLRP3 specific inhibitor) or AS1842856 (FoxO1 specific inhibitor) to suppress NLRP3 and FoxO1 expression, respectively. Exposure to β‐glucan or AS1842856 also inhibited TNF‐α induced the activation of TLR4/NF‐κB pathway by inactivating FoxO1, and subsequently suppressed the expression of NLRP3. CONCLUSION: Our results indicate that oat β‐glucan exerts essential roles in promoting myoblast differentiation and alleviating muscle atrophy via inactivating FoxO1 and NLRP3 inflammasome signal pathway. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Our recent studies demonstrate that X‐linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP) is essential for regulating colorectal cancer invasion. Here, we discovered that RhoGDIβ was a key XIAP downstream effector mediating bladder cancer (BC) invasion in vitro and in vivo. We found that both XIAP and RhoGDIβ expressions were consistently elevated in BCs of N‐butyl‐N‐(4‐hydroxybutyl)‐nitrosamine (BBN)‐treated mice in comparison to bladder tissues from vehicle‐treated mice and human BCs in comparison to the paired adjacent normal bladder tissues. Knockdown of XIAP attenuated RhoGDIβ expression and reduced cancer cell invasion, whereas RhoGDIβ expression was attenuated in BBN‐treated urothelium of RING‐deletion knockin mice. Mechanistically, XIAP stabilized RhoGDIβ mRNA by its positively regulating nucleolin mRNA stability via Erks‐dependent manner. Moreover, ectopic expression of GFP‐RhoGDIβ in T24T(shXIAP) cells restored its lung metastasis in nude mice. Our results demonstrate that XIAP‐regulated Erks/nucleolin/RhoGDIβ axis promoted BC invasion and lung metastasis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Prussian blue analogs (PBAs) are especially investigated as superior cathodes for sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) due to high theoretical capacity (≈170 mA h g−1) with 2‐Na storage and low cost. However, PBAs suffer poor cyclability due to irreversible phase transition in deep charge/discharge states. PBAs also suffer low crystallinity, with considerable [Fe(CN)6] vacancies, and coordinated water in crystal frameworks. Presently, a new chelating agent/surfactant coassisted crystallization method is developed to prepare high‐quality (HQ) ternary‐metal NixCo1−x[Fe(CN)6] PBAs. By introducing inactive metal Ni to suppress capacity fading caused by excessive lattice distortion, these PBAs have tunable limits on depth of charge/discharge. HQ‐NixCo1−x[Fe(CN)6] (x = 0.3) demonstrates the best reversible Na‐storage behavior with a specific capacity of ≈145 mA h g−1 and a remarkably improved cycle performance, with ≈90% capacity retention over 600 cycles at 5 C. Furthermore, a dual‐insertion full cell on the cathode and NaTi2(PO4)3 anode delivers reversible capacity of ≈110 mA h g−1 at a current rate of 1.0 C without capacity fading over 300 cycles, showing promise as a high‐performance SIB for large‐scale energy‐storage systems. The ultrastable cyclability achieved in the lab and explained herein is far beyond that of any previously reported PBA‐based full cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ionospheric observations associated with the 2011 Tohoku tsunami have revealed gravity waves having spectral characteristics that depend on their proximity to the epicenter. There is a preponderance of medium-scale waves in the vicinity of the epicenter, a significant bifurcation into short- and long-period waves over the Hawaiian archipelago, and a narrow and rich spectrum of waves over the West Coast and inland of the United States (U.S.). Guided by these previous observations, we consider wave sources as triads of nonlinearly interacting oceanic gravity waves, whose wave parameters satisfy resonant conditions. These waves are simulated using a 2-D nonlinear model describing gravity wave propagation in order to explain the observations of tsunamigenic traveling ionospheric disturbances (TIDs) associated with the Tohoku event. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]