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Accumulating evidence confirms that sleep insufficiency is a high risk factor for cognitive impairment, which involves inflammation and synaptic dysfunction. Resveratrol, an agonist of the Sirt1, has demonstrated anti-inflammation and neuroprotective effects in models of Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and schizophrenia. However, the beneficial effects of resveratrol on sleep deprivation-induced cognitive deficits and its underlying molecular mechanisms are unclear. In the present study, thirty-two male C57BL/6 J mice were randomly divided into a Control+DMSO group, Control+Resveratrol group, SD+DMSO group, and SD+Resveratrol group. The mice in the SD+Resveratrol group underwent 5 days of sleep deprivation after pretreatment with resveratrol (50 mg/kg) for 2 weeks, while the mice in the SD+DMSO group only underwent sleep deprivation. After sleep deprivation, we evaluated spatial learning and memory function using the Morris water maze test. We used general molecular biology techniques to detect changes in levels of proinflammatory cytokines and Sirt1/miR-134 pathway-related synaptic plasticity proteins. We found that resveratrol significantly reversed sleep deprivationinduced learning and memory impairment, elevated interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α levels, and decreased brain-derived neurotrophic factor, tyrosine kinase receptor B, postsynaptic density protein-95, and synaptophysin levels by activating the Sirt1/miR-134 pathway. In conclusion, resveratrol is a promising agent for preventing sleep deprivation-induced cognitive dysfunction by reducing pro-inflammatory cytokines and improving synaptic function via the Sirt1/miR-134 pathway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hypertrophic scar formation is influenced by the intricate interplay between fibroblasts and endothelial cells. In this study, we investigated this relationship using in vitro and in vivo models. Clinical observations revealed distinct morphological changes and increased vascularity at pathological scar sites. Further analysis using OCTA, immunohistochemistry, and immunofluorescence confirmed the involvement of angiogenesis in scar formation. Our indirect co-culture systems demonstrated that endothelial cells enhance the proliferation and migration of fibroblasts through the secretion of cytokines including VEGF, PDGF, bFGF, and TGF-ß. Additionally, a suspended co-culture multicellular spheroid model revealed molecular-level changes associated with extracellular matrix remodeling, cellular behaviors, inflammatory response, and pro-angiogenic activity. Furthermore, KEGG pathway analysis identified the involvement of TGF-ß, IL-17, Wnt, Notch, PI3K-Akt, and MAPK pathways in regulating fibroblasts activity. These findings underscore the critical role of fibroblasts-endothelial cells crosstalk in scar formation and provide potential targets for therapeutic intervention. Understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying this interplay holds promise for the development of innovative approaches to treat tissue injuries and diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Purpose: Osteosarcoma, a primary malignant bone tumour prevalent among adolescents and young adults, remains a considerable challenge despite protracted progress made in enhancing patient survival rates over the last 40 years. Consequently, the development of novel therapeutic approaches for osteosarcoma is imperative. Sanguinarine (SNG), a compound with demonstrated potent anticancer properties against various malignancies, presents a promising avenue for exploration. Nevertheless, the intricate molecular mechanisms underpinning SNG's actions in osteosarcoma remain elusive, necessitating further elucidation. Experimental Approach: Single-stranded DNA-binding protein 1 (SSBP1) was screened out by differential proteomic analysis. Apoptosis, cell cycle, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and mitochondrial changes were assessed via flow cytometry. Western blotting and quantitative real-time reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) were used to determine protein and gene levels. The antitumour mechanism of SNG was explored at a molecular level using chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) and dual luciferase reporter plasmids. Key Results: Our investigation revealed that SNG exerted an up-regulated effect on SSBP1, disrupting mitochondrial function and inducing apoptosis. In-depth analysis uncovered a mechanism whereby SNG hindered the JAK/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) signalling pathway, relieved the inhibitory effect of STAT3 on SSBP1 transcription, and inhibited the downstream PI3K/Akt/mTOR signalling axis, ultimately activating apoptosis. Conclusions and Implications: The study delved further into elucidating the anticancer mechanism of SNG in osteosarcoma. Notably, we unravelled the previously undisclosed apoptotic potential of SSBP1 in osteosarcoma cells. This finding holds substantial promise in advancing the development of novel anticancer drugs and identification of therapeutic targets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: This study aimed to investigate the clinical, histological, immunohistochemical and chromosomal features of primary cutaneous adenoid cystic carcinoma (PCACC). Methods and results: We retrospectively analysed 13 cases identified on their clinicopathological features and performed fluorescence in-situ hybridisation (FISH) on six available cases. Head and neck (46.2%) were most commonly involved. The median age was 53 years, with a male predilection. Histologically, tumours were classified as grades 1 (eight), 2 (four) and 3 with high-grade transformation (HGT) (one). The HGT component was demonstrated as poorly differentiated carcinoma with multifocal necrosis and myoepithelial differentiation. Patients with one of the following factors: longest diameter of the lesion (= 1 cm), involvement of subcutaneous fat tissue and widely infiltrative border had a relatively higher rate of local recurrence, distant metastasis and death. Five of six cases were confirmed to have MYB translocation, while nuclear staining for MYB proto-oncogene, transcription factor (MYB) protein was found in four cases. During the follow-up (median = 64 months), two patients experienced local recurrences. One patient, who was classified as grade III PCACC with HGT, developed multiple metastases and died of disease. Another patient was alive with multiple metastases. Conclusions: This is the largest single-institution study, to our knowledge, of PCACC in an Asian population. We describe the first case of scalp PCACC with HGT, which is the only death case in our series. PCACC tends to recur locally and has metastatic potential. PCACC with HGT has a poor prognosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Transition metal vanadates (TMVs) have long been seen as promising anodes for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). To improve the electrochemical performance of them, designing rational nanostructures and utilizing the synergetic effect of multiple components are usually regarded as two effective strategies. Herein, ultrathin porous hexagonal Zn3V3O8/ZnO@N-C (ZnVO@N-C) nanoplates are synthesized via a phase separation method which is achieved by changing annealing temperatures. Under the annealing temperature of 650 °C, the obtained ZnVO-650 nanoplates exhibit the best electrochemical performance. When used as LIB anodes, ZnVO-650 nanoplates show high reversible rate capacity (393.9 mA h g-1 at 5 A g-1), excellent cycling performance (855.1 mA h g-1 at 0.2 A g-1 after 120 cycles), and superior long-term cycling stability (489.2 mA h g-1 at 3 A g-1 after 500 cycles). The outstanding electrochemical performance of ZnVO-650 nanoplates can be explained by their special morphology, abundant phase boundaries, synergetic effect of the components, and the N-doped carbon layers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OSDA/solvent-free synthesis of zeolites is suitable for practical commercialization due to low environmental damage and low cost. However, only a few types of zeolites have been successfully synthesized by this method. In this study, ANA, CAN, GIS, SOD, FAU and LTA type zeolites were synthesized by the OSDA/solvent-free synthesis method by changing the Si/Al ratio and crystallization temperature in detail. At higher Si/Al ratios, FAU, GIS and ANA type zeolites were obtained with an increase of crystallization temperature. Meanwhile, at lower Si/Al ratios, LTA, SOD and CAN type zeolites were obtained with an increase of crystallization temperature. It was found that zeolites with high T atom density were synthesized with an increase of the crystallization temperature; zeolite with a high T atomic density is more stable. This work reveals the correlation between the Si / Al ratio and the crystallization temperature in OSDA/solvent-free synthesis of zeolites, which provides a clear guideline for the OSDA/solvent-free synthesis of zeolites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are commonly used nanomaterials in consumer products. Previous studies focused on its effects on neurons; however, little is known about their effects and uptake mechanisms on glial cells under normal or activated states. Here, ALT astrocyte-like, BV-2 microglia and differentiated N2a neuroblastoma cells were directly or indirectly exposed to 10 nm AgNPs using mono- and co-culture system. A lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was pretreated to activate glial cells before AgNP treatment for mimicking NP exposure under brain inflammation. From mono-culture, ALT took up the most AgNPs and had the lowest cell viability within three cells. Moreover, AgNPs induced H2O2 and NO from ALT/activated ALT and BV-2, respectively. However, AgNPs did not induce cytokines release (IL-6, TNF-α, MCP-1). LPS-activated BV-2 took up more AgNPs than normal BV-2, while the induction of ROS and cytokines from activated cells were diminished. Ca2+-regulated clathrin- and caveolae-independent endocytosis and phagocytosis were involved in the AgNP uptake in ALT, which caused more rapid NP translocation to lysosome than in macropinocytosis and clathrin-dependent endocytosis-involved BV-2. AgNPs directly caused apoptosis and necrosis in N2a cells, while by indirect NP exposure to bottom chamber ALT or BV-2 in Transwell, more apoptotic upper chamber N2a cells were observed. Cell viability of BV-2 also decreased in an ALT-BV-2 co-culturing study. The damaged cells correlated to NP-mediated H2O2 release from ALT or NO from BV-2, which indicates that toxic response of AgNPs to neurons is not direct, but indirectly arises from AgNP-induced soluble factors from other glial cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The content of oxygen vacancy in hematite is known to play an important role in photocurrent enhancement. We found that implanting high energy H2+ to hematite photoelectrodes indeed injected additional oxygen vacancy and thus the conductivity of hematite was increased. However, inevitable radiation damage on the other hand distorted hematite lattice structure. Although post annealing will relax the lattice distortion to a certain degree, most implanted and post annealed hematite photoelectrodes exhibited deteriorated photocatalytic activities than the one without implantation. It seems that structure engineering is more effective in photocurrent enhancement than the injection of additional oxygen vacancy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, carbon-coated hematite electrodes exhibiting high photoelectrochemical (PEC) performance with a photocurrent density of 2.1 mA cm−2 at 0.4 V versus SCE were obtained by using a simple electrodeposition method with an electrolyte containing citric acid additives. This achievement is attributed to the high affinity of citric acid to iron oxide, which allows the bound citric acid residing in the porous hematite films to develop a carbon layer in the subsequent sintering process. The passivation effect resulting from the surface carbon layer is likely responsible for the observed high PEC performance. Importantly, the oxidation of the surface carbon layer would, on the other hand, reduce the surface of hematite to FeOOH, which deteriorates the photocurrent density by approximately one order of magnitude. Accordingly, the manipulation of a good carbon layer on the surface of hematite would be an important issue to further improve the PEC performance of hematite electrodes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper describes a new analytical method, using a combination of ammonium pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate/methyl isobutyl ketone (APDC-MIBK) microextraction and laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS), for the determination of the concentrations of Cd and Pb in aqueous samples. Only 200 μL of organic solvent was used throughout the entire analysis process, with enhancement factors as high as 25. Recoveries from replicate analyses of natural water [NIST 1640(a)] containing mean concentrations of 3.1 μg Cd L−1 and 9.3 μg Pb L−1 were 95 ± 3 and 104 ± 4%, respectively. The corresponding detection limits were 0.6 μg L −1 for Cd and 0.9 μg L −1 for Pb. The main advantage of this approach is its simplicity in terms of sample preparation, as demonstrated by quantifying the levels of Cd and Pd in real samples, including tap water, groundwater, and seawater, using a standard addition method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A rare labdane diterpene γ-lactam, 1, and two new labdane diterpenoids, 2 and 3, along with two known diterpenes, 4 and 5, were isolated from the roots of Amomum maximum. Their structures were established on the basis of spectroscopic data. All of the isolates were evaluated for their cytotoxic activities, and compound 3 was found to exhibit an inhibitory activity against MG-63 cell lines with an IC50 value of 3.3±0.8 mg/ml. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the activation level of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signalling pathway in Chinese patients with prostate cancer, as this pathway is over-activated in many human cancers and is an attractive target for cancer therapy. PATIENTS AND METHODS We used immunohistochemistry to investigate the activation level of five important markers of the mTOR pathway, including PTEN, p-Akt, p-mTOR, p-p70S6K and p-4E-BP1, in tissues from 182 patients with prostate cancer, 20 with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and 10 with high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (HGPIN). The expression levels of these five markers were associated with patient clinical and pathological characteristics. RESULTS Expression levels of p-Akt, p-mTOR, p-4E-BP1 and p-p70S6K were significantly higher in prostate cancer tissues than in BPH and HGPIN tissues. In 182 patients with prostate cancer the p-mTOR expression level significantly and positively correlated with its upstream p-Akt and downstream p-4E-BP1 and p-p70S6K expression levels. The cancer Gleason score was significantly correlated with p-Akt and p-mTOR expression level but not with p-4E-BP1 and p-p70S6K expression level. However, the p-4E-BP1and p-p70S6K expression levels in primary cancer lesions were statistically significantly correlated with patient T stage and distant metastases. CONCLUSIONS Most patients with prostate cancer have at least one component of the mTOR signalling pathway activated. The activation of the mTOR pathway might be involved in prostate cancer development and progression. The association between activation of mTOR pathway and patient clinicopathological variables suggested that not all patients are equally amenable to treatment strategies targeting the mTOR pathway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: To elucidate the clinicopathological, immunophenotypic and molecular features of neutrophil/eosinophil-rich primary cutaneous anaplastic large cell lymphoma (CALCL), and to emphasize the cutaneous manifestations, differential diagnosis and prognosis of this peculiar entity. Methods and results: We described the clinical presentations, histopathology, immunophenotype, molecular features and follow-up courses of nine neutrophil/eosinophil-rich CALCL cases. Various clinical lesions including multiple nodules, plaques and solitary exophytic masses with or without ulceration or crusting were noted in nine patients. Two patients died of disease progression, with one developing multiple lymph node involvement. Histologically, cohesive sheets or small clusters of neoplastic cells were admixed with large numbers of neutrophils and/or eosinophils, representing 10–40% of cells per high-power field. All nine cases showed T-cell phenotypes. The frequency of rearranged TCRB, TCRG and TCRD genes in six cases with available paraffin-embedded tissue was 100%, 83% and 33%, respectively. Conclusions: Neutrophil/eosinophil-rich CALCL should be differentiated from various infectious and non-infectious diseases, especially from non-neoplastic cutaneous CD30+ infiltrates rich in neutrophils and eosinophils. Precise correlation of clinical presentation, morphological features, phenotypic and molecular analysis can help to establish the correct diagnosis. Whether this rare variant has a significantly different prognosis from classical CALCL needs further investigation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Intravascular large B-cell lymphoma (IVLBCL) is an extremely rare type of malignant lymphoma characterized by exclusive or predominant growth of neoplastic cells within the lumen of blood vessels. Cases in the literature predominantly involve the skin and central nervous system, with special emphasis on the ‘cutaneous variant’. Methods: Three cases of IVLBCL with cutaneous manifestations, including two systemic IVLBCL and one cutaneous variant, were described in this study. In all cases, clinical presentation and follow-up data were meticulously evaluated and immunophenotypic and molecular studies were performed. Results: All three cases displayed the B-cell phenotype and showed monoclonality with immunoglobulin heavy chain gene rearrangement. Bcl2 was expressed in the two systemic IVLBCL cases with fatal outcomes. The third patient with the ‘cutaneous variant’ achieved complete remission and a longer survival time of 15 months after chemotherapy. Conclusions: Skin manifestations and neurological findings, although to different degrees, are important clues to the diagnosis of IVLBCL. As most IVLBCL are grouped into the post-germinal center B-cell subtype of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, Bcl2 expression may be correlated with a worse prognosis in IVLBCL. The cutaneous variant of IVLBCL has a significantly better outcome than that of systemic IVLBCL. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

LC/MS3-Guided biotransformation of p-coumaric acid (=(2E)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enoic acid; CA) with H2O2/Momordica charantia peroxidase at pH 4;5.0 and 45° in the presence of acetone has resulted in the isolation of three CA trimers, triCA1 (1), triCA2 (trans-2), and triCA3 (cis-2), and seven CA dimers, diCA1–diCA7, i.e., 3–9, among which seven (triCA1–triCA3 and diCA1–diCA4) are new compounds and three (diCA5–diCA7) are known compounds. The structures were established by 2D-NMR such as HSQC, HMBC, and NOESY measurements. The possible mechanism for the formation of the products is also discussed (Schemes 1–3). This is the first time that the biotansformation of p-coumaric acid catalyzed by peroxidase in vitro was achieved. Compounds triCA3 (cis-2), diCA1 (3), diCA5 (7), and diCA7 (9) exhibit a stronger antioxidative activity than the parent CA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The biotransformation of four 4-hydroxybenzen derivatives (1,4-benzenediol (compound 1), 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde (compound 2), 4-hydroxybenzyl alcohol (compound 3) and 4-hydroxybenzoic acid (compound 4)) by the hairy root cultures of Polygonum multiflorum Thunb. as a new biocatalyst was investigated. It was found that the substrates were transformed to their corresponding glucosides, 4-hydroxyphenyl β- D-glucopyranoside (arbutin, compound 1a), 4-hydroxymethylphenyl β- D-glucopyranoside (gastrodin, compounds 2a, 3a) and 4-carboxyphenyl α- D-glucopyranoside (compound 4a), respectively. In the meantime, the hairy roots of P. multiflorum were able to stereoselectively and regioselectively glucosylate phenolic hydroxyl groups of compounds 1–4, but the cultures could not glucosylate the aldehyde group of compound 2 or the benzylic hydroxyl group of compound 3, and no glucosyl esterification of carboxyl groups of compound 4 was detected. On the other hand, the result also showed that the hairy roots of P. multiflorum were able to reduce the 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde to its corresponding alcohol. This is the first report that substrate 4 has been converted into its α- D-glucopyranoside by a plant biotransformation system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to investigate the active substances of Coleus forskohlii (Willd.) Briq., a new labdane diterpenoid, 12-hydroxy-8, 13 E-labdadien-15-oic acid, together with two 8, 13-epoxylabd-14-ene-11-one diterpenoids, 6-acetyl-1-deoxyforskolin and 6-acetyl-1,9-dideoxyforskolin, was isolated on the basis of various chromatographic techniques and spectroscopic methods. (Managing editor: Wei Wang) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Presents a letter to the editor of the "British Journal of Haematology," about the constitutional pericentric inversion of chromosome 9 and bone marrow transplantation.

The title compound, C16H11ClO2, is a synthetic flavonoid. The fused-ring system is almost planar, with a mean deviation from the least-squares plane of 0.0204 (2) Å. The dihedral angle between the chromene group and the chlorophenyl ring is 50.9 (6)°, due to unfavourable steric interactions with the Cl atom. Aromatic π–π stacking interactions between the fused benzene (π-rich) and pyran (π-deficient) rings are observed, with a centroid–centroid distance of 3.578 Å. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The title compound, C32H50O6, a known protostane-type triterpene, was isolated from the Chinese herbal medicine Lobelia chinensis Lour. The molecule contains five fused rings: four six-membered rings ( A, B, C and E) and a five-membered ring ( D). Rings A and B have slightly distorted boat conformations, while rings C and E adopt chair conformations. Ring D is almost planar. Rings A and B and rings B and C are both trans-fused. A chain running along the b axis is formed via classical intermolecular O—H...O hydrogen bonds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The title compound, C12H16N3O+·PF6−, contains an imidazolium cation with PF6− as counter-anion. The structure is stablized by a weak inter­molecular C—H⋯N inter­action. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the title compound, C23H26N2O4·H2O, the benzopyran ring system is planar. The piperazine ring adopts an almost perfect chair conformation, and the meth­oxy group is coplanar with its parent benzene ring. Hydrogen bonds link two water mol­ecules and two piperazine mol­ecules into tetra­meric units. The adjacent benzopyran moieties within these units also inter­act viaπ–π stacking inter­actions, and a sheet is formed by the propagation of these inter­actions. The bioassay results have shown α1-adrenoceptor antagonistic activity through in vitro animal experiments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Describes two cases of allogeneic bone marrow transplantation from unrelated donors with pericentric inversion of chromosome 9. Diagnosis of the patients; Results of the transplantation; Causes of persistent cytopenia after bone marrow transplantation.

In the title compound, C17H24O9·H2O, the syringin [4-(3-hydr­oxy-1-propen­yl)-2,6-dimethoxy­phenyl-β-d-glucopyran­oside] mol­ecule contains a benzene ring, two meth­oxy groups, an allyl group and ad-glucose fragment which adopts a chair conformation. A mol­ecular column running along the a axis is formed via O—H⋯O and C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds and C—H⋯π inter­actions. The columns are assembled into a three-dimensional framework by an O—H⋯O hydrogen bond. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The title compound [systematic name: 4,4,8,10,14-pentamethyl-17-(6-methyl­hepta-1,5-dien-2-yl)hexa­deca­hydro-1 H-cyclo­penta­[ a]phenanthren-3-yl acetate], C32H52O2, contains a fused four-ring system. All three six-membered rings adopt chair conformations and the five-membered ring is twisted. The A/ B, B/ C and C/ D ring junctions are all trans-fused. A chain running along the b axis is formed via C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds, and translation of the chain along the a and c axes generates the three-dimensional structure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the mol­ecule of the title compound (systematic name: 1α-hydr­oxy-6β,7β-diacet­oxy-8,13-epoxy­labd-14-en-11-one), C24H36O7, rings A and B adopt chair conformations, while ring C has a twist–boat conformation. The crystal structure is stabilized by inter­molecular O—H⋯O and C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds, linking the mol­ecules into networks approximately parallel to the (110) plane. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The absolute stereochemistry of the title compound, C28H33O9·CHCl3, has been determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction by incorporation of the heavy-atom-containing solvent chloro­form. The A/ B, B/ C and C/ D ring junctions are all trans-fused. Five-membered ring E is equatorially attached to ring D. The crystal structure is stabilized by weak inter­molecular C—H⋯O inter­actions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the title compound, C19H18O6, translation of the dimer formed with an R22(20) motif via soft C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds generates a chain along the b axis. Propagation of another motif, R22(8), forms a chain running along the a axis. Combination of the R22(20) and R22(8) motifs via hydrogen bonds forms the framework of the title compound. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

All non-H atoms in the title compound, C24H26O6, are almost coplanar, except for the two terminal C atoms of the butyl chain. An R22(32) motif is formed by paired C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds. A chain along the c axis is formed by propagation of the C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds. The motif inter­acts with others via C—H⋯π inter­actions and C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds running along the a axis. The combination of these short contacts generates a sheet in the bc plane. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]