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Rational element doping is demonstrated as an effective strategy to optimize crystal stability and enhance the electronic conductivity of Prussian blue analogs (PBAs) to achieve a satisfactory sodium storage performance. However, unraveling the dopant selection principles is still a big challenge. Herein, the integrated crystal orbital Hamilton population (ICOHP) function is adopted to evaluate the strength of chemical bonds of N‐transition metals (N‐TM) and guide the dopant selection. Among the series of ICOHP values for N‐TM (TM = Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn), the Cu─N bond exhibits the lowest ICOHP value, which indicates that Cu doping can improve the stability of PBAs compared to other dopants. Experimentally, among TM‐substituted Fe‐based PBAs (TMFeHCFs), the as‐prepared sample with 20 at.% Cu doping (CuFeHCF‐2) exhibits the best cycling performance, with a capacity retention of 83.5% after 400 cycles at 1 C, which is consistent with the theoretical calculation results. In addition, in situ XRD and in situ, Raman reveal a highly reversible monoclinic‐cubic two‐phase conversion and redox‐active pairs, respectively. This study provides valuable guidelines for dopant selection to enhance the performance of PBAs cathodes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Low body weight in patients with COPD is associated with a poor prognosis and more comorbidities. However, the impact of increased body weight in patients with COPD remains controversial. The aim of this study was to explore the clinical features of overweight patients with AECOPD. Methods: In this multicenter cross‐sectional study, a total of 647 AECOPD patients were recruited. Finally, 269 normal weight and 162 overweight patients were included. Baseline characteristics and clinical and laboratory data were collected. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression was performed to determine potential features, which were substituted into binary logistic regression to reveal overweight‐associated clinical features. The nomogram and its associated curves were established to visualize and verify the logistic regression model. Results: Six potential overweight‐associated variables were selected by LASSO regression. Subsequently, a binary logistic regression model identified that the rates of type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and hypertension and levels of lymphocytes (LYM)%, and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) were independent variables of overweight in AECOPD patients. The C‐index and AUC of the ROC curve of the nomogram were 0.671 and 0.666, respectively. The DCA curve revealed that the nomogram had more clinical benefits if the threshold was at a range of 0.22~0.78. Conclusions: Collectively, we revealed that T2DM and hypertension were more common, and LYM% and ALT were higher in AECOPD patients with overweight than those with normal weight. The result suggests that AECOPD patients with overweight are at risk for additional comorbidities, potentially leading to worse outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A honeycomb porous cadmium(II) metal–organic framework {[Cd(L)(H2O)] ⋅ NMP ⋅ 5H2O}n (1, H2L=1‐(4‐carboxyphenyl)‐1H‐pyrazole‐3‐carboxylic acid and NMP=1‐methyl‐2‐pyrrolidinone) was obtained using the solvothermal method. The luminescent molecules rhodamine B (RhB) and fluorescein (FL) were encapsulated in 1 using the immersion method to prepare RhB@1 and FL@1 dual emission composites. Additionally, a series of RhBx/FL1‐x@1 composites with varying luminescence properties were generated by altering the molar ratio of RhB to FL. Furthermore, the photoluminescence of RhB@1 and FL@1 was demonstrated to be caused by photoelectron transfer and fluorescence resonance energy transfer from 1 to the encapsulated guest module. Notably, RhB@1 showed the considerable improvement in fluorescence selectivity and detection limit (10−6 M) for metronidazole and dimetronidazole with remarkable recyclability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) have emerged as an attractive alternative for large‐scale energy storage due to their low cost and high safety. The selection of cathode materials, which determine SIB performance, becomes a crucial aspect. Vanadium‐based phosphates are known for their multielectron transfer properties and stable structure, but their intrinsic electronic conductivity is limited. In this regard, bimetallic substitution is an excellent modification method for improving the conductivity property. Herein, a novel Na4VMn0.7Ni0.3(PO4)3@C (NVMNP@C) cathode with less vanadium is designed for SIBs, which exhibits outstanding electrochemical performance at 25 °C, delivering rate capacity of 67 mA h g−1 at 3 A g−1, and long‐term cyclability of remaining 74.6% after 4800 cycles at 2 A g−1. Furthermore, excellent low‐temperature adaptability (82 mA h g−1 at 20 mA g−1, 60 mA h g−1 at 400 mA g−1, and 90.4% capacity retention after 230 cycles at 100 mA g−1) at −40 °C is also achieved. This unique work has broken a feasible pathway for high‐performance SIB cathode at low temperature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fabrication of air‐stable Pb‐free solar cells using the Ag2BiI5 absorber has recently attracted extensive attention. 4‐tert‐Butylpyridine (tBP) is mainly used as an additive in the hole transport layer (HTL). However, tBP can strongly destroy Ag2BiI5 perovskite structure due to the formation of the tBP‐BiI3 complex. Herein, 2‐pentyl pyridine (2‐py) is selected to replace the tBP in the Spiro‐OMeTAD precursor solution, which will promote the dissolution of lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulphonyl)imide salt in the HTL precursor solution but not destroy the crystal structure due to more considerable steric hindrance. By judiciously choosing 2‐py as the additives, the best solar cell device achieves a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 1.32% under standard one sun (AM1.5). The devices also show excellent long‐term air stability and maintain 95% of their initial PCE even after 840 h. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ethylene (C2H4) purification and propylene (C3H6) recovery are highly relevant in polymer synthesis, yet developing physisorbents for these industrial separation faces the challenges of merging easy scalability, economic feasibility, high moisture stability with great separation efficiency. Herein, we reported a robust and scalable MOF (MAC‐4) for simultaneous recovery of C3H6 and C2H4. Through creating nonpolar pores decorated by accessible N/O sites, MAC‐4 displays top‐tier uptakes and selectivities for C2H6 and C3H6 over C2H4 at ambient conditions. Molecular modelling combined with infrared spectroscopy revealed that C2H6 and C3H6 molecules were trapped in the framework with stronger contacts relative to C2H4. Breakthrough experiments demonstrated exceptional separation performance for binary C2H6/C2H4 and C3H6/C2H4 as well as ternary C3H6/C2H6/C2H4 mixtures, simultaneously affording record productivities of 27.4 and 36.2 L kg−1 for high‐purity C2H4 (≥99.9 %) and C3H6 (≥99.5 %). MAC‐4 was facilely prepared at deckgram‐scale under reflux condition within 3 hours, making it as a smart MOF to address challenging gas separations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Room‐temperature sodium‐sulfur (RT Na‐S) batteries are promising for low‐cost and large‐scale energy storage applications. However, these batteries are plagued by safety concerns due to the highly flammable nature of conventional electrolytes. Although non‐flammable electrolytes eliminate the risk of fire, they often result in compromised battery performance due to poor compatibility with sodium metal anode and sulfur cathode. Herein, we develop an additive of tin trifluoromethanesulfonate (Sn(OTf)2) in non‐flammable phosphate electrolytes to improve the cycling stability of RT Na‐S batteries via modulating the Na+ solvation environment and interface chemistry. The additive reduces the Na+ desolvation energy and enhances the electrolyte stability. Moreover, it facilitates the construction of Na‐Sn alloy‐based anode solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) and cathode electrolyte interphase (CEI). These interphases help to suppress the growth of Na dendrites and the dissolution/shuttling of sodium polysulfides (NaPSs), resulting in improved reversible capacity. Specifically, the Na‐S battery with the designed electrolyte boosts the capacity from 322 to 906 mAh g−1 at 0.5 A g−1. This study provides valuable insights for the development of safe and high‐performance electrolytes in RT Na‐S batteries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Microtubule‐targeting agents represent one of the most successful classes of anticancer agents. However, the development of drug resistance and the appearance of adverse effects hamper their clinical implementation. Novel microtubule‐targeting agents without such limitations are urgently needed. By employing a gene expression‐based drug repositioning strategy, this study identifies VU‐0365114, originally synthesized as a positive allosteric modulator of human muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M5 (M5 mAChR), as a novel type of tubulin inhibitor by destabilizing microtubules. VU‐0365114 exhibits a broad‐spectrum in vitro anticancer activity, especially in colorectal cancer cells. A tumor xenograft study in nude mice shows that VU‐0365114 slowed the in vivo colorectal tumor growth. The anticancer activity of VU‐0365114 is not related to its original target, M5 mAChR. In addition, VU‐0365114 does not serve as a substrate of multidrug resistance (MDR) proteins, and thus, it can overcome MDR. Furthermore, a kinome analysis shows that VU‐0365114 did not exhibit other significant off‐target effects. Taken together, our study suggests that VU‐0365114 primarily targets microtubules, offering potential for repurposing in cancer treatment, although more studies are needed before further drug development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Exosomes released from infected cells are thought to play an important role in the dissemination of pathogens, as well as in host‐derived immune molecules during infection. As an intracellular pathogen, Spiroplasma eriocheiris is harmful to multiple crustaceans. However, the immune mechanism of exosomes during Spiroplasma infection has not been investigated. Here, we found exosomes derived from S. eriocheiris‐infected crabs could facilitate phagocytosis and apoptosis of hemocytes, resulting in increased crab survival and suppression of Spiroplasma intracellular replication. Proteomic analysis revealed the altered abundance of EsTetraspanin may confer resistance to S. eriocheiris, possibly by mediating hemocyte phagocytosis in Eriocheir sinensis. Specifically, knockdown of EsTetraspanin in E. sinensis increased susceptibility to S. eriocheiris infection and displayed compromised phagocytic ability, whereas overexpression of EsTetraspanin in Drosophila S2 cells inhibited S. eriocheiris infection. Further, it was confirmed that intramuscular injection of recombinant LEL domain of EsTetraspanin reduced the mortality of S. eriocheiris‐infected crabs. Blockade with anti‐EsTetraspanin serum could exacerbate S. eriocheiris invasion of hemocytes and impair hemocyte phagocytic activity. Taken together, our findings prove for the first time that exosomes modulate phagocytosis to resist pathogenic infection in invertebrates, which is proposed to be mediated by exosomal Tetraspanin, supporting the development of preventative strategies against Spiroplasma infection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) supported metal nanoparticles (MNPs) (MNPs@MOFs) composites, as a class of effective functional materials, have been extensively explored because of the synergetic effect of MOFs and MNPs. Lots of synthesized methods are developed to synthesize MNPs@MOFs composites. These strategies can be generally divided into four main synthesis strategies: ship‐in‐the‐bottle, bottle‐around‐the‐ship, one‐pot, and sandwich assembly approaches. In this review, the recent synthesized strategies are discussed and summarized for the design and fabrication of different MNPs@MOFs composites. Then, the catalytic applications of some MNPs@MOFs composites are presented. Lastly, the challenges and future perspectives are also pointed out in this hot research filed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

B7‐H4 is a recently discovered member of B7 family that negatively regulates T‐cell immunity, specifically Th1 and Th17 cell responses. However, its role in the pathogenesis of psoriasis has yet to be determined. This study aims to investigate the effect of B7‐H4 polymorphism on the efficacy of methotrexate (MTX) and its mechanism in psoriasis. Four single nucleotide polymorphisms of B7‐H4 were genotyped in 310 psoriatic patients who received 12‐week MTX. The protein expression of B7‐H4 in platelets was characterized using immunofluorescence staining, confocal laser scanning microscopy, and flow cytometry techniques. We found that GG genotype carriers of B7‐H4 rs1935780 had a lower Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) 75 response rate and higher weight (p = 0.0245) and body mass index (p = 0.0185) than AA and AG genotype carriers. Multiple regression analysis showed that the PASI score at baseline (p = 0.01) and age at disease onset (p = 0.003) were positively correlated with PASI 75 response rate, while weight (p = 0.005) and the rs1935780 genotype (p = 0.003) were negatively associated with PASI 75 response rate. B7‐H4 was expressed in the platelet plasma membrane and cytoplasm. Furthermore, the expression of B7‐H4 protein in platelets was lower in good responders than in non‐responders and was upregulated considerably after 12‐week MTX or in vitro MTX stimulation in good responders. Collectively, these results demonstrate that psoriatic patients with GG genotype of B7‐H4 rs1935780 had a poorer response to MTX. Low expression of B7‐H4 protein in platelets correlated with better clinical outcomes of MTX in psoriasis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Potassium–sulfur (K−S) batteries have attracted wide attention owing to their high theoretical energy density and low cost. However, the intractable shuttle effect of K polysulfides results in poor cyclability of K−S batteries, which severely limits their practical application. Herein, a bifunctional concentrated electrolyte (3 mol L−1 potassium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide in ethylene carbonate (EC)) with high ionic conductivity and low viscosity is developed to regulate the dissolution behavior of polysulfides and induce uniform K deposition. The organic groups in the cathode electrolyte interphase layer derived from EC can effectively block the polysulfide shuttle and realize a "solid–liquid–solid" reaction mechanism. The KF‐riched solid‐electrolyte interphase inhibits K dendrite growth during cycling. As a result, the achieved K−S batteries display a high reversible capacity of 654 mAh g−1 at 0.5 A g−1 after 800 cycles and a long lifespan over 2000 cycles at 1 A g−1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Herein, a 2‐fold interpenetrated metal‐organic framework (MOF) Zn‐BPZ‐TATB with accessible N/O active sites in nonpolar pore surfaces was reported for one‐step C2H4 purification from C2H6 or C3H6 mixtures as well as recovery of C3H6 from C2H6/C3H6/C2H4 mixtures. The MOF exhibits the favorable C2H6 and C3H6 uptakes (>100 cm3 g−1 at 298 K under 100 kPa) as well as selective adsorption of C2H6 and C3H6 over C2H4. The C3H6‐ and C2H6‐selective feature were investigated detailedly by experimental tests as well as sorption kinetic studyies. Molecular modelling revealed the multiple interactions between C3H6 or C2H6 molecules and methyl groups as well as triazine rings in pores. Zn‐BPZ‐TATB not only can directly generate 323.4 L kg−1 and 15.4 L kg−1 of high‐purity (≥99.9 %) C2H4 from C3H6/C2H4 and C2H6/C2H4 mixtures, but also provide a large high‐purity (≥99.5 %) C3H6 recovery capacity of 60.1 L kg−1 from C3H6/C2H4 mixtures. More importantly, the high‐purity C3H6 (≥99.5 %) and C2H4 (≥99.9 %) with the productivities of 38.2 and 12.7 L kg−1 can be simultaneously obtained from C2H6/C3H6/C2H4 mixtures through a single adsorption/desorption cycle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Herein, a 2‐fold interpenetrated metal‐organic framework (MOF) Zn‐BPZ‐TATB with accessible N/O active sites in nonpolar pore surfaces was reported for one‐step C2H4 purification from C2H6 or C3H6 mixtures as well as recovery of C3H6 from C2H6/C3H6/C2H4 mixtures. The MOF exhibits the favorable C2H6 and C3H6 uptakes (>100 cm3 g−1 at 298 K under 100 kPa) as well as selective adsorption of C2H6 and C3H6 over C2H4. The C3H6‐ and C2H6‐selective feature were investigated detailedly by experimental tests as well as sorption kinetic studyies. Molecular modelling revealed the multiple interactions between C3H6 or C2H6 molecules and methyl groups as well as triazine rings in pores. Zn‐BPZ‐TATB not only can directly generate 323.4 L kg−1 and 15.4 L kg−1 of high‐purity (≥99.9 %) C2H4 from C3H6/C2H4 and C2H6/C2H4 mixtures, but also provide a large high‐purity (≥99.5 %) C3H6 recovery capacity of 60.1 L kg−1 from C3H6/C2H4 mixtures. More importantly, the high‐purity C3H6 (≥99.5 %) and C2H4 (≥99.9 %) with the productivities of 38.2 and 12.7 L kg−1 can be simultaneously obtained from C2H6/C3H6/C2H4 mixtures through a single adsorption/desorption cycle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Industrial and disinfection wastewater typically contains high levels of organic pollutants and residue hydrogen peroxide, which have caused environmental concerns. In this work, dual‐asymmetric MnO2@polymer microreactors are synthesized via pollutant polymerization for self‐driven and controlled H2O2 decomposition. A hollow and asymmetric MnO2 nanotube is derived from MnO2 nanorods by selective acid etching and then coated by a polymeric layer from an aqueous phenolic pollutant via catalytic peroxymonosulfate (PMS)‐induced polymerization. The evolution of particle‐like polymers is controlled by solution pH, molar ratios of PMS/phenol, and reaction duration. The polymer‐covered MnO2 tubing‐structured micromotors presented a controlled motion velocity, due to the reverse torque driven by the O2 bubbles from H2O2 decomposition in the inner tunnels. In addition, the partially coated polymeric layer can regulate the exposure and population of Mn active sites to control the H2O2 decomposition rate, thus avoiding violent motions and massive heat caused by vigorous H2O2 decomposition. The microreactors can maintain the function of mobility in an ultra‐low H2O2 environment (<0.31 wt.%). This work provides a new strategy for the transformation of micropollutants to functional polymer‐based microreactors for safe and controlled hydrogen peroxide decomposition for environmental remediation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rechargeable lithium batteries are one of the most appropriate energy storage systems in our electrified society, as virtually all portable electronic devices and electric vehicles today rely on the chemical energy stored in them. However, sub‐zero Celsius operation, especially below −20 °C, remains a huge challenge for lithium batteries and greatly limits their application in extreme environments. Slow Li+ diffusion and charge transfer kinetics have been identified as two main origins of the poor performance of RLBs under low‐temperature conditions, both strongly associated with the liquid electrolyte that governs bulk and interfacial ion transport. In this review, we first analyze the low‐temperature kinetic behavior and failure mechanism of lithium batteries from an electrolyte standpoint. We next trace the history of low‐temperature electrolytes in the past 40 years (1983–2022), followed by a comprehensive summary of the research progress as well as introducing the state‐of‐the‐art characterization and computational methods for revealing their underlying mechanisms. Finally, we provide some perspectives on future research of low‐temperature electrolytes with particular emphasis on mechanism analysis and practical application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Metal nanoparticle‐based electrocatalysts are widely used in electronic devices, which serve for electrochemical reactions like oxygen reduction reaction, alcohol oxidation and CO2 reduction reaction. These catalyst‐dependent reactions are the key of the emerging clean energy systems. Catalyst design and synthesis therefore have received keen attention in past decades. We are motivated to study synthesis approaches of metal nanoparticle‐based electrocatalysts using ionic liquids (ILs), which are promising solvents for the nanoparticle preparation because of their unique physicochemical properties. In this personal account, we review our previous and present works on nanoparticle preparation in IL and utilization of the obtained nanoparticles as electrocatalysts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Genomic biomarkers predicting immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) treatment outcomes for Asian metastatic melanoma have been rarely reported. This study presents data on next‐generation sequencing (NGS) and tumour microenvironment biomarkers in 33 cases. Methods: Thirty‐three patients with advanced melanoma, who underwent ICI treatment at the Chang Gung Memorial Hospital in Taiwan, were recruited. The study evaluated clinical outcomes, including response rate, disease control rate, progression‐free survival (PFS) rate and overall survival (OS) rate. Archived tissue samples from 33 cases were subjected to NGS by ACTOnco, and ACTTME was employed in 25 cases. Results: The most prevalent driver mutations were BRAF mutations (24.2%), followed by NRAS (15.2%), KIT (12.1%), KRAS (9.1%) and NF1 (9.1%) mutations. Acral/mucosal melanomas exhibited distinct mutation patterns compared to non‐acral melanomas. Tumour mutational burden estimated using ACTOnco was not associated with ICI efficacy. Notably, genetic alterations in the p53 pathway (CDKNA2 loss, MDM2 gain/amplification and TP53 mutation) accounted for 36.4% and were significantly associated with unfavourable PFS (median PFS 2.7 months vs. 3.9 months, P = 0.0394). Moreover, 26 genes were identified as differentially expressed genes that were upregulated in patients with clinical benefits compared to those without benefits. Four genes, GZMH, GZMK, AIM2 and CTLA4, were found to be associated with both PFS and OS. Conclusion: Genetic alterations in the p53 pathway may be critical in Asian patients with melanoma undergoing ICI treatment. Further investigation is required to explore this mechanism and validate these findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The all‐solid‐state lithium–sulfur battery is considered to be a promising energy device due to high energy density and excellent safety. However, sulfur suffers from its insulating nature and large volume changes. Employing transition‐metal sulfide cathodes is an attractive alternative. Herein, a high energy density sulfur‐rich MoS6‐based nanocomposite is designed, where MoS6 nanospheres are homogenously anchored on carbon nanotubes (CNTs) by a wet‐chemical method, providing improved electronic conductivity and reduced volume changes. In addition, a nanosized Li7P3S11 electrolyte is in situ coated on the surface of MoS6‐CNT20 to realize intimate interface contact and form nanoscale electronic/ionic transportation networks. The resultant MoS6‐CNT20@15%Li7P3S11 composite shows high electronic conductivity (1.7 × 10−1 S cm−1) and ionic conductivity (6.7 × 10−4 S cm−1), which are eight and three orders of magnitude improved compared to those of MoS6. The Li/Li6PS5Cl/MoS6‐CNT20@15%Li7P3S11 battery exhibits an initial discharge capacity of 1034.32 mAh g−1 at 0.1 A g−1. In addition, an ultrahigh reversible energy density of 1640 Wh kg−1 for the active material can be realized, which is the highest among all transition‐metal sulfide cathodes. Moreover, it shows a reversible capacity of 550.00 mAh g−1 at 0.5 A g−1 after 1000 cycles, demonstrating that the sulfur‐rich MoS6‐based nanocomposite is a promising highenergy density cathode material for next‐generation all‐solid‐state lithium batteries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sodium metal, benefiting from its high theoretical capacity and natural abundance, is regarded as a promising anode for sodium‐metal batteries (SMBs). Unfortunately, the uncontrollable sodium dendrites formation caused from the sluggish ion‐transport kinetics and fragile solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) interlayer induces a low Coulombic efficiency and poor cycling stability. Constructing an artificial SEI interlayer with high ionic conductivity, stability, and mechanical toughness is an effective strategy for Na‐metal anode, yet it still presents major challenge for high current density and long cycling life. Herein, an artificial SEI interlayer composed of Na–Sn alloy, Sn, and Na2Te (denoted as NST) is designed via in‐situ conversion/alloying reaction of tin telluride (SnTe) with Na. Such artificial interlayer possesses rapid Na+‐transport kinetics and high Young's modulus (5.3 GPa), benefitting to even Na plating/stripping and suppressing Na dendrite growth. Owing to these merits, the symmetrical Na/NST cell presents an ultralong cycle life span over 1390 h with a small voltage hysteresis at 1 mA cm−2 with 1 mAh cm−2. And the Na3V2(PO4)3 (NVP)||Na/NST full cell exhibits a prolonged life of 1000 cycles with a high‐capacity retention of 88% at 5C. Herein, a promising strategy is provided to construct a high‐performance artificial interlayer for SMBs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Room temperature sodium‐sulfur (RT Na‐S) batteries are highly competitive as potential energy storage devices. Nevertheless, their actually achieved reversible capacities are far below the theoretical value due to incomplete transformation of polysulfides. Herein, atomically dispersed Fe‐N/S active center by regulating the second‐shell coordinating environment of Fe single atom is proposed. The Fe−N4S2 coordination structure with enhanced local electronic concentration around the Fermi level is revealed via synchrotron radiation X‐ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) and theoretical calculations, which can not only significantly promote the transformation kinetics of polysulfides, but induce uniform Na deposition for dendrite‐free Na anode. As a result, the obtained S cathode delivers a high initial reversible capacity of 1590 mAh g−1, nearly the theoretical value. This work opens up a new avenue to facilitate the complete transformation of polysulfides for RT Na‐S batteries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Carbonate electrolytes have excellent chemical stability and high salt solubility, which are ideally practical choice for achieving high‐energy‐density sodium (Na) metal battery at room temperature. However, their application at ultra‐low temperature (−40 °C) is adversely affected by the instability of solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) formed by electrolyte decomposition and the difficulty of desolvation. Here, we designed a novel low‐temperature carbonate electrolyte by molecular engineering on solvation structure. The calculations and experimental results demonstrate that ethylene sulfate (ES) reduces the sodium ion desolvation energy and promotes the forming of more inorganic substances on the Na surface, which promote ion migration and inhibit dendrite growth. At −40 °C, the Na||Na symmetric battery exhibits a stable cycle of 1500 hours, and the Na||Na3V2(PO4)3 (NVP) battery achieves 88.2 % capacity retention after 200 cycles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Stimuli‐induced structural transformation of supramolecular cages has drawn increasing attention because of their sensitive feature to external variations as model systems to simulate biological processes. However, combining structural transformation and useful functions has remained a difficult task. This study reports the solvato‐controlled self‐assembly of two unique topologies with different emission characteristics, a water‐soluble Ag8L4 cage (A) and an Ag4L2 cage (B), produced from the same sulfonate‐pendant tetraphenylethene (TPE) bridged tetrakis‐(1,2,4‐triazolium) ligand. Both cages show interesting solvent‐responsive reversible structural transformation, and the change of fluorescence signals can efficiently track the process. Additionally, water‐soluble cage A exhibits unique properties in thermochromism, thiol amino acid sensing, and subcellular imaging in aqueous media. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Midnight and post‐midnight ionospheric irregularities are observed over Brazil sector during the June solstice of solar inactive years. The prevailing nighttime winds in the magnetic meridional plane (magnetic meridional winds) are experimentally described as a trans‐equatorial wind, and superposed a convergent/equatorward component that emerges after 03 LT. Further computation of the growth rate of the generalized Rayleigh‐Taylor (GRT) instability well explains the local time dependent irregularities observed. Our analysis indicates that the trans‐equatorial wind before midnight uplifts the ionosphere in the upwind (northern) hemisphere, whereas the expected downwelling in the conjugate hemisphere is almost unseen. The wind hence decreases the field‐line integrated Pedersen conductivity and promotes the midnight instability, instead of suppressing it as conventionally known. After 03 LT, the convergent/equatorward component also provides an unstable condition, consistent with the theory that a meridional wind profile with a negative latitudinal gradient will destabilize the ionosphere. The growth rate gets lower as the neutral winds weakened with increasing solar activity, but seemingly insufficient to explain the much fewer instabilities observed in 2012 than in 2009. Other solar activity dependent factors need to be taken into account in addition to the growing process of the GRT instability in the F region. Key Points: Local time variations of the neutral winds in Brazil sector are reconstructed by combining the SAMI2 model and ionospheric hmF2 dataEquatorward winds superposed on a trans‐equatorial wind well explain the occurrence of copious midnight/post‐midnight irregularitiesEither of the two components effectively uplifts the ionosphere and contributes to the growth rate of the generalized Rayleigh‐Taylor instability [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To study the effects of boron powders on the detonation performance of emulsion explosives, the explosion temperature field, shock wave parameters and explosion heat of emulsion explosives were studied. The differences of boron powders with and without microcapsule cladding on improving the explosion performance were also discussed. Experimental results showed that, when the mass ratio of boron powders increased from 0 to 20 mass %, the average explosion temperature, explosion pressure, positive impulse and explosion heat of boron‐containing emulsion explosives increased at first and then decreased. When the content of boron powders was 16 mass %, the average explosion temperature, explosion pressure, positive impulse and explosion heat of emulsion explosives reached their maximum values of 2521 K, 0.0385 MPa, 7.11 Pa ⋅ s and 6335 kJ/kg, which were 22.2 %, 30.1 %, 43.0 % and 42.1 % higher than those of the pure emulsion explosive (Sample A), respectively. Furthermore, the explosion temperature, positive impulse and explosion heat of emulsion explosive with boron powder‐microcapsule (Sample B5) were up to 2648 K, 7.65 Pa ⋅ s and 6694 kJ/kg, increased by 5.0 %, 7.6 % and 5.7 % when compared with those of emulsion explosive with 16 mass % boron powders (Sample B3). Therefore, micro‐encapsulation technology could improve the detonation performance of boron‐containing emulsion explosives, which would be helpful to the formula design of high energy emulsion explosives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Apis laboriosa is the largest honeybee that lives mainly on cliff faces, with strong migratory ability. In this study, we firstly sequenced and assembled two complete mitochondrial genomes of A. laboriosa isolated from two distant locations in China (Chongqing and Shangri‐La regions). Combined with the published mitochondrial genome of A. laboriosa from Nepal, comparative genomic analyses were conducted to gain insight into the genetic diversity of giant honeybees from different geographical distributions. The mitochondrial genomes of A. laboriosa from Chongqing and Shangri‐La regions were 15,579 and 15,683 bp in length, respectively, both larger than that from Nepal with the length of 15,510 bp. Three mitochondrial genomes all harbor 37 common genes and present the same AT bias and the frequency of codon usage. However, the fragments including COX1, SSUrRNA, LSUrRNA, and the AT‐rich region of the mitochondrial genome from Shangri‐La region demonstrate distinctive insertions and deletions compared to those from Chongqing and Nepal regions. Phylogenetic trees of mitochondrial genomes show that A. laboriosa from Chongqing is most closely related to that from Nepal, rather than to Shangri‐La. Genetic distance between Shangri‐La and Chongqing or Nepal was even larger than that between the various subspecies of Apis mellifera. Overall, these results unmark that A. laboriosa in different geographical distributions can exhibit high genetic diversity at the mitochondrial genomic level, and therein, A. laboriosa from Shangri‐La may be the subspecies. All these studies will contribute to our understanding of the geographical distribution and genetic differentiation of black giant honeybee in Asian region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Metallic Na is a promising metal anode for large‐scale energy storage. Nevertheless, unstable solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) and uncontrollable Na dendrite growth lead to disastrous short circuit and poor cycle life. Through phase field and ab initio molecular dynamics simulation, we first predict that the sodium bromide (NaBr) with the lowest Na ion diffusion energy barrier among sodium halogen compounds (NaX, X=F, Cl, Br, I) is the ideal SEI composition to induce the spherical Na deposition for suppressing dendrite growth. Then, 1,2‐dibromobenzene (1,2‐DBB) additive is introduced into the common fluoroethylene carbonate‐based carbonate electrolyte (the corresponding SEI has high mechanical stability) to construct a desirable NaBr‐rich stable SEI layer. When the Na||Na3V2(PO4)3 cell utilizes the electrolyte with 1,2‐DBB additive, an extraordinary capacity retention of 94 % is achieved after 2000 cycles at a high rate of 10 C. This study provides a design philosophy for dendrite‐free Na metal anode and can be expanded to other metal anodes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Extreme fast charging (XFC) of high‐energy Li‐ion batteries is a key enabler of electrified transportation. While previous studies mainly focused on improving Li ion mass transport in electrodes and electrolytes, the limitations of charge transfer across electrode–electrolyte interfaces remain underexplored. Herein we unravel how charge transfer kinetics dictates the fast rechargeability of Li‐ion cells. Li ion transfer across the cathode–electrolyte interface is found to be rate‐limiting during XFC, but the charge transfer energy barrier at both the cathode and anode have to be reduced simultaneously to prevent Li plating, which is achieved through electrolyte engineering. By unlocking charge transfer limitations, 184 Wh kg−1 pouch cells demonstrate stable XFC (10‐min charge to 80 %) which is otherwise unachievable, and the lifetime of 245 Wh kg−1 21700 cells is quintupled during fast charging (25‐min charge to 80 %). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Per‐ and polyfluroalkyl substances (PFAS) are drawing increasing attention in the research community due to their wide spread applications and their toxicity to animals and humans. Effective early detection method of PFAS chemicals in aqueous environment is important to reduce exposure and mitigate the potential toxic effects. This study focuses on the electrochemical detection of per‐fluoro octane sulfonate (PFOS) with differential pulse voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy on a bare platinum electrode. We observe three distinct regions of adsorption behaviors with respect to PFOS concentration from 0–1000 nM, reflecting changes in the modes of adsorption due to different adsorbate‐adsorbate interactions on a bare electrode. The adsorption isotherm constant for PFOS adsorption on a Pt electrode is calculated to be 1.6×1012 cm3 mol−1 from fitting the electrochemical data with a modified Langmuir isotherm model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: This study intends to investigate the causes and risk factors for withdrawal from peritoneal dialysis (PD) in patients with end stage renal disease (ESRD). Methods: Two hundred ninety‐three patients admitted to the peritoneal dialysis center in nephrology department for PD treatment were divided into 175 cases in group A (continuous treatment group) and 118 cases in group B (withdrawal group). Results: The proportion of patients in group B whose primary disease was glomerulonephritis was significantly lower than that in group A (p <0.05), whereas the proportion of patients with diabetic nephropathy was significantly higher in group B than in group A (p <0.05). Group A received better emotional support and care services from family members than group B. Family care was mostly severely impaired in patients who died and were lost to follow‐up. Conclusion: Diabetes mellitus, level of knowledge regarding PD, depression, and family care are risk factors for withdrawal from PD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Epilepsy is the results from the imbalance between inhibition and excitation in neural circuits, which is mainly treated by some chemical drugs with side effects. Gain‐of‐function of BK channels or knockout of its β4 subunit associates with spontaneous epilepsy. Currently, few reports were published about the efficacy of BK(α + β4) channel modulators in epilepsy prevention. Charybdotoxin is a non‐specific inhibitor of BK and other K+ channels. Here, by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and other biochemical techniques, we found that charybdotoxin might interact with the extracellular loop of human β4 subunit (i.e., hβ4‐loop) of BK(α + β4) channel at a molar ratio 4:1 (hβ4‐loop vs. charybdotoxin). Charybdotoxin enhanced its ability to prevent K+ current of BK(α + β4 H101Y) channel. The charybdotoxin Q18F variant selectively reduced the neuronal spiking frequency and increased interspike intervals of BK(α + β4) channel by π–π stacking interactions between its residue Phe18 and residue His101 of hβ4‐loop. Moreover, intrahippocampal infusion of charybdotoxin Q18F variant significantly increased latency time of seizure, reduced seizure duration and seizure numbers on pentylenetetrazole‐induced pre‐sensitized rats, inhibited hippocampal hyperexcitability and c‐Fos expression, and displayed neuroprotective effects on hippocampal neurons. These results implied that charybdotoxin Q18F variant could be potentially used for intractable epilepsy treatment by therapeutically targeting BK(α + β4) channel. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sodium (Na) metal has been considered as the most promising anode for achieving next‐generation battery system with high energy density and low cost. Nevertheless, the uncontrolled dendrites growth, infinite volume expansion and unstable solid/electrolyte interphase severely hinder the practical application of Na metal anode. Herein, a functional composite Na anode (Na2Se/Cu@Na) is achieved via infusing molten Na into the porous copper framework modified by cuprous selenide nanosheets. Combining experimental studies and theoretical calculations, the 3D framework and derivatives of Na2Se/Cu can synergistically buffer the volume expansion, redistribute Na+ flux, promote ions migration, and induce uniform Na+ deposition. Benefiting from these merits, the symmetrical cell of Na2Se/Cu@Na demonstrates a stable cycle lifespan over 500 h at 1 mA cm−2 in carbonate electrolyte. And the full battery paired with Na3V2(PO4)3 cathode delivers a stable capacity of 97 mAh g−1 after 800 cycles at 10 C. Furthermore, this structured framework can also be employed to construct composite potassium (K) anode and an outstanding cycle performance is achieved in the symmetrical cell (operating for 1000 h at 0.5 mA cm−2). This study paves a significant way of designing structured Na (K) metal anodes for synergistically improving the electrode stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Adsorption technology based on ethane‐selective materials is a promising alternative to energy‐intensive cryogenic distillation for separating ethane (C2H6) and ethylene (C2H4). We employed a pore engineering strategy to tune the pore environment of a metal–organic framework (MOF) through organic functional groups and boosted the C2H6/C2H4 separation of the MOF. Introduction of amino (−NH2) groups into Tb‐MOF‐76 not only decreased pore sizes but also facilitated multiple guest‐host interactions in confined pores. The NH2‐functionalized Tb‐MOF‐76(NH2) has increased C2H6 and C2H4 uptakes and C2H6/C2H4 selectivity. The results of experimental and simulated transient breakthroughs reveal that Tb‐MOF‐76(NH2) has significantly improved one‐step separation performance for C2H6/C2H4 mixtures with a high C2H4 (>99.95 %) productivity of 17.66 L kg−1 compared to 7.53 L kg−1 by Tb‐MOF‐76, resulting from the suitable pore confinement and accessible −NH2 groups on pore surfaces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sodium‐metal batteries, with high energy density and low cost, are emerging stars in the field of large‐scale energy storage and power batteries. The application of sodium metal is hindered by side reactions between the active sodium metal anode and the electrolyte, unstable solid electrolyte interphase, and dendrite growth caused by the uneven distribution of sodium ions. Here, heterogeneous interface layer composed of the sodium fluoride and metallic cobalt (NaF/Co) is constructed in situ and spontaneously by introducing the CoF2 nanoparticles confined in carbon to the Na metal surface. The NaF/Co artificial interface layer with high Young's modulus, high Na+ conductivity, high surface energy, and strong sodiophilicity renders the Na+ evenly distributed, suppresses Na‐dendrite growth, and reduces side reaction with electrolyte. Due to these virtues, the Na||Na symmetric cells with NaF/Co interface layers demonstrate long cycle life (1000 h at 1.0 mA cm−2, 1.0 mAh cm−2). Moreover, when the NaF/Co/Na anode is matched with Na3V2(PO4)3 cathode, the produced full battery (Na3V2(PO4)3||NaF/Co/Na) exhibits a long lifespan of 1000 cycles at 15 C and a high‐rate capacity of ≈52 mAh g−1 at 60 C. This work provides a new strategy to solve the dendrite growth of Na metal anodes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]