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Structural variations (SVs) are a feature of plant genomes that has been largely unexplored despite their significant impact on plant phenotypic traits and local adaptation to abiotic and biotic stress. In this study, we employed woolly grape (Vitis retordii), a species native to the tropical and subtropical regions of East Asia with both coastal and inland habitats, as a valuable model for examining the impact of SVs on local adaptation. We assembled a haplotype‐resolved chromosomal reference genome for woolly grape, and conducted population genetic analyses based on whole‐genome sequencing (WGS) data from coastal and inland populations. The demographic analyses revealed recent bottlenecks in all populations and asymmetric gene flow from the inland to the coastal population. In total, 1,035 genes associated with plant adaptive regulation for salt stress, radiation, and environmental adaptation were detected underlying local selection by SVs and SNPs in the coastal population, of which 37.29% and 65.26% were detected by SVs and SNPs, respectively. Candidate genes such as FSD2, RGA1, and AAP8 associated with salt tolerance were found to be highly differentiated and selected during the process of local adaptation to coastal habitats in SV regions. Our study highlights the importance of SVs in local adaptation; candidate genes related to salt stress and climatic adaptation to tropical and subtropical environments are important genomic resources for future breeding programs of grapevine and its rootstocks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Bladder cancer (BLCA) is a prevalent malignancy worldwide. Anoikis remains a new form of cell death. It is necessary to explore Anoikis‐related genes in the prognosis of BLCA. Methods: We obtained RNA expression profiles from the The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus databases for dimensionality reduction analysis and isolated epithelial cells, T cells and fibroblasts for copy number variation analysis, pseudotime analysis and transcription factor analysis based on R package. We integrated machine‐learning algorithms to develop the artificial intelligence‐derived prognostic signature (AIDPS). Results: The performance of AIDPS with clinical indicators was stable and robust in predicting BLCA and showed better performance in every validation dataset compared to other models. Mendelian randomization analysis was conducted. Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) sites of rs3100578 (HK2) and rs66467677 (HSP90B1) exhibited significant correlation of bladder problem (not cancer) and bladder cancer, whereasSNP sites of rs3100578 (HK2) and rs947939 (BAD) had correlation between bladder stone and bladder cancer. The immune infiltration analysis of the TCGA‐BLCA cohort was calculated via the ESTIMATE (i.e. Estimation of STromal and Immune cells in MAlignantTumours using Expression data) algorithm which contains stromal, immune and estimate scores. We also found significant differences in the IC50 values of Bortezomib_1191, Docetaxel_1007, Staurosporine_1034 and Rapamycin_1084 among the high‐ and low‐risk groups. Conclusions: In conclusion, these findings indicated Anoikis‐related prognostic genes in BLCA and constructed an innovative machine‐learning model of AIDPS with high prognostic value for BLCA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Good dispersion stability of lubricating oil blends added with graphene is the premise of playing its superior tribology property. In this paper, the dispersion stability of modified graphene in lubricating oil and the wear property of nanolubricating oil on the key friction pair for a diesel engine was studied by simulation and experiment. The results showed that the dispersion of modified graphene in lubricating oil was improved at ambient temperature and pressure and at high temperature and pressure. However, the dispersion effect of graphene at high temperature was slightly worse than that at ambient temperature. The wear property of lubricating oil blends added with modified graphene with a concentration of no more than 100 ppm was improved. With the increase of graphene addition, the wear reduction effect increased first and then decreased. The lubricating oil blend added with 25 ppm modified graphene is the best for wear reduction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The emergence of large‐scale human spatiotemporal tracing data inspired researchers to investigate human mobility patterns from different perspectives with potential implications for urban planning, traffic management, and emergency response. Previous studies investigated the mechanism of human mobility by constructing spatial mobility motifs based on mobile phone datasets, but ignored their temporal characteristics. To compensate for this, this study extracted temporal stay patterns based on spatial mobility motifs. Using mobile phone location data from Shenzhen, China, we identified stop location sequences for users and constructed home‐based mobility motifs according to predefined rules, and observed that approximately 97% of users can be characterized by the 10 identified home‐based mobility motifs. We designed a method to quantify the similarity of temporal stay characteristics, and the primary temporal stay patterns were extracted by classifying users with similar stay rhythms. Our results enrich the knowledge of human travel behavior from both spatial and temporal perspectives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An interspecific peanut hybrid population was generated from a cross between Arachis diogoi, a wild species with resistance to spotted wilt, and "Gregory", a susceptible cultivar. The objectives of the study are to identify successful introgression of A. diogoi's genome and to evaluate the spotted wilt resistance in the introgression population. Sixty‐three putative introgression lines were genotyped using 137 polymorphic simple sequence repeat markers, out of which 14 markers located on seven of the 20 peanut chromosomes showed introgression of A. diogoi genome into at least one of the introgression lines. In addition, genotyping by sequencing of a subset of the population revealed SNP loci displaying introgression of A. diogoi genome on every chromosome of the A sub‐genome of the introgression lines, with the most introgressed loci on chromosome A05. Several introgression lines showed consistent spotted wilt resistance, suggesting successful genomic introgression of A. diogoi contributing to the resistance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It was previously confirmed that the apoptotic and necrotic neurons are found during the acute post‐traumatic period, suggesting the induction of apoptosis after traumatic brain injury (TBI). To further explore the involvement of apoptotic factors in TBI, an apoptosis antibody array was conducted to measure the alterations of apoptotic factors in rat brain cortex after TBI. As a result, the Neurological Severity Scale (NSS) scores after TBI were increased, and the cell morphology of the brain cortex was destructed with increased neuronal apoptosis. Furthermore, the caspase‐3 activity was increased, and the apoptotic‐related factors TNF‐α and p53 were up‐regulated in the brain cortex. More importantly, in vitro experiments demonstrated that down‐regulation of TNF‐α in oxygen‐glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) cells increased cell viability and decreased apoptosis and the p53 expression. These results suggested the involvement of TNF‐α–induced apoptotic signalling pathway by activating p53 in the molecular mechanism of neurological injury. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) is a highly energy‐efficient crop primarily for sugar and bio‐ethanol production. Sugarcane genetics and cultivar improvement have been extremely challenging largely due to its complex genomes with high polyploidy levels. In this study, we deeply sequenced the coding regions of 307 sugarcane germplasm accessions. Nearly five million sequence variations were catalogued. The average of 98× sequence depth enabled different allele dosages of sequence variation to be differentiated in this polyploid collection. With selected high‐quality genome‐wide SNPs, we performed population genomic studies and environmental association analysis. Results illustrated that the ancient sugarcane hybrids, S. barberi and S. sinense, and modern sugarcane hybrids are significantly different in terms of genomic compositions, hybridization processes and their potential ancestry contributors. Linkage disequilibrium (LD) analysis showed a large extent of LD in sugarcane, with 962.4 Kbp, 2739.2 Kbp and 3573.6 Kbp for S. spontaneum, S. officinarum and modern S. hybrids respectively. Candidate selective sweep regions and genes were identified during domestication and historical selection processes of sugarcane in addition to genes associated with environmental variables at the original locations of the collection. This research provided an extensive amount of genomic resources for sugarcane community and the in‐depth population genomic analyses shed light on the breeding and evolution history of sugarcane, a highly polyploid species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Sugarcane (Saccharum Spp.) produces 80% of the world's sugar along with other by‐products. The production of sugarcane is vulnerable to infestation of sugarcane yellow leaf virus (SCYLV) worldwide. A study was conducted using an F1 segregating population derived from CP95‐1039 × CP88‐1762 to identify the genetic factors underlying SCYLV resistance. The disease infection data were measured using tissue blot immunoassay after 6 years of exposure to the virus under natural field conditions. Genetic maps were created using genotyping by sequencing‐based markers for each parent separately following a pseudo‐testcross approach. Two quantitative trait loci (QTL) were detected for SCYLV resistance accounting for 28% of the phenotypic variation. A major QTL qSCYLR79 located on linkage group 79 and linked with marker 3PAV3154 appears to be unique for SCYLV resistance in sugarcane. Progeny having a combination of two major alleles had 31% less SCYLV incidence than progeny with a combination of major and minor alleles in the genomic region of qSCYLR79. Thus, selection against the minor allele may decrease the SCYLV incidence in sugarcane. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Identifying stops is a primary step in acquiring activity‐related information from mobile phone location data to understand the activity patterns of individuals. However, signal jumps in mobile phone location data may create “fake moves,” which will generate fake activity patterns of “stops‐and‐moves.” These “fake moves” share similar spatiotemporal features with real short‐distance moves, and the stops and moves of trajectories (SMoT), which is the most extensively used stop identification model, often fails to distinguish them when the dataset has coarse temporal resolution. This study proposes the stops, moves, and uncertainties of trajectories (SMUoT) model to address this issue by introducing uncertain segment analysis to distinguish “fake moves” and real short‐distance moves. A real mobile phone location dataset collected in Shenzhen, China is used to evaluate the performance of SMUoT. We find that SMUoT improves the performance (i.e., 15 and 19% increase in accuracy and recall rate for a one‐hour temporal resolution dataset, respectively) of stop identification and exhibits high robustness to parameter settings. With a better reliability of “stops‐and‐moves” pattern identification, the proposed SMUoT can benefit various individual activity‐related research based on mobile phone location data for many fields, such as urban planning, traffic analysis, and emergency management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With 6 figures and 4 tables Abstract Heterosis refers to the phenomenon in which the hybrid progeny of two inbred varieties exhibits enhanced growth or agronomic performance. Although a century-long history of research has generated several hypotheses regarding the genetic basis of heterosis, the molecular mechanisms underlying heterosis and heterotic gene activity remain elusive. In this study, two rice heterotic crosses PA64S×93-11 and Y58S×93-11 were used as plant materials to analyse the activities of 10 abiotic stress-responsive genes under cold, heat and drought stresses by quantitative real-time PCR. The obtained result demonstrated that the expression levels of genes analysed in hybrids is unexpectedly higher, compared to those of both parental lines. More than 50% of the cases displayed over-parent expression levels. The combined allelic expression pattern was found in hybrid, and under different stress conditions, different alleles were differentially expressed in hybrid. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]