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Electronic paper (e‐paper) is a reflective display technology with unique advantages, such as bistability, low‐power consumption, and high ambient contrast ratio. These features make e‐paper a promising candidate for future Internet of Things applications. Among different technologies of e‐paper, electrophoretic display (EPD) is the most successful one for commercialization. However, the edge ghosting (also known as the fringing effect) still limits the performance of EPD. Herein, we established a model of particle dynamics of electrophoresis, simulated the edge ghosting of microcapsule EPD, analyzed the edge ghosting effect, and revealed the relationship between thicknesses, dielectric constants of the back binder layer, and the edge ghosting. Two EPD panels with different thicknesses of back binder layer were demonstrated, which verifies the accuracy of this simulation model. With the proposed model, many device mechanisms and product issues can be analyzed and illustrated, which is supposed to guide the researchers in optimizing the device structure design of EPD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lipoprotein(a) (Lp[a]) is a particle consisting of a low‐density lipoprotein (LDL)‐like core connected to an apolipoprotein(a) chain, which is an established risk factor for cardiovascular disease. However, studies addressing the relationship between atrial fibrillation (AF) and Lp(a) demonstrated conflicted results. Thus, we sought to evaluate this relationship by conducting this systemic review and meta‐analysis. We performed a comprehensive systematic search of health science databases, including PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, MEDLINE, and ScienceDirect, to identify all relevant literature from their inception to March 1, 2023. We identified nine related articles, which were eventually included in this study. Our study showed no association between Lp(a) with new‐onset AF (HR = 1.45, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.57–3.67, p =.432). In addition, genetically elevated Lp(a) was not associated with the risk of atrial fibrillation (OR = 1.00, 95% CI: 1.00–1.00, p =.461). Different stratification of Lp(a) levels may have different outcomes. Also, higher Lp(a) levels may be inversely associated with the risk of developing AF compared to those with lower levels. Lp(a) levels were not associated with incident AF. Further research is needed to identify the mechanism underlying these results and better understand Lp(a) stratification for AF and the possible inverse association between Lp(a) and AF. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The chelating ligands of boric acid and amino trimethyl phosphonate prepared a novel flame retardant (BAP) for the cotton fabric. A stable chemical and coordination bond was formed on the surface of the cotton fibers by a simple three‐curing finishing process to make the fabric exhibits excellent durable flame retardancy. Cotton fabrics' tensile strength and whiteness got substantially retained after BAP treatment. 90 g/L BAP‐treated samples (3 curing times, 50 laundry cycles) showed good flame retardancy and durability, holding the largest limit oxygen index, 29.7%, and the shortest damage length, 61 mm. A condensed phase and gas phase synergistic flame retardant mechanism was concluded by thermogravimetric, cone calorimeter tests, and thermogravimetric infrared analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Human–machine interaction will be revolutionarily different in the future Internet of Things (IoT) environments. Many displays will be adopted onto electronic devices to enhance human–device communication, even under a very bright sunlight ambience. Thus, power consumption and sunlight visibility are important attributes for this application. Electrophoretic displays (EPDs) have the inherent advantages of ultra‐low power consumption and high sunlight visibility, which are perfectly suitable for IoT applications. The low power consumption resulted from the balance of viscosity, gravity, and other complicated forces involved in the electrophoretic dispersion. This force balance is generally termed "bistability," meaning the particle‐packing can be stable without external power at black and white image states. However, good bistability implies a slow image updating rate, significantly degrades users' experience. In this work, a 3D network structure that undergoes disruption and reorganization with the particles' movement is utilized in the electrophoretic ink dispersion. Dynamic viscosity modulation enables the bistable and fast‐response dual‐working modes. The newly developed design can increase the response speed of EPDs by a factor of 2.38, simultaneously maintaining the bistability. The electronic ink with this reversible network provides a promising solution for the future video‐rate e‐paper displays. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A model of particles dynamics of electrophoretic display was established to simulate the distribution of charged particles, edge ghosting effect with different thicknesses, dielectric constants of back binder layer. Reflectivities corresponding to particles distributions were simulated, which evaluated the extent of edge ghosting. The model can suggest the best values of the above parameters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A model of particles dynamics of electrophoretic display was established to simulate the distribution of charged particles, edge ghosting effect with different thicknesses, dielectric constants of back binder layer. Reflectivities corresponding to particles distributions were simulated, which evaluated the extent of edge ghosting. The model can suggest the best values of the above parameters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tremendous advances in stretchable and biocompatible electronics have led to broad requirements of wearable display devices. However, most devices suffer from insufficient reliability owing to structural mismatch and bubbles under repeated deformation. To address this issue, this article presents a stretchable electrophoretic display (SEPD) with reinforced adhesion by in situ adhesion decoration between the hydrogel electrode and the elastomer display layer. The SEPD with a maximum strain of over 80% can still operate properly. Moreover, the SEPD device is endowed with stretchable, washable, rewritable, and erasable properties owing to the inherent characteristics of the elastomer‐based materials used. Arbitrary texts and patterns can be drawn and maintained for over 43 days of bistability without a predetermined patterned electrode or a thin‐film transistor as the addressing switches. In addition, the casting and blade coatings used in this work are suitable for mass production. The proposed hybrid structure with tough adhesion provides a new paradigm for other wearable devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Borophene has received much attention due to its unique structure and electronic properties. However, the application of borophene has been limited by the template effect of the growth metal substrate. A stable borophene/graphene (B/G) heterostructure is designed and prepared by the resonance ball milling method and one‐step molding strategy to realize the application of borophene in the lithium‐ion battery for the first time. Graphene serves as a supporting substrate for borophene, and the B/G anode has a better specific capacity and rate performance than the reduced graphene (G) oxide skeleton. By comparing the electrochemical performance of boron powder samples under different ball milling times, it is found that the anode of B/G heterostructure with 6 h boron powder has the largest specific capacity of 192.3 mAh g–1, which is 39% higher than that of the graphene framework. Oxidation functional groups on the surface of borophene are beneficial for the rate performance of the anode. And the influence of the surface functional groups of borophene are analyzed on the diffusion performance through the first principles. It is believed that the B/G has potential for further applications in the field of lithium‐ion batteries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Flexible liquid crystal displays (LCDs) are regarded as one of the most promising candidates to achieve flexible displays. In this paper, we proposed a novel technique to fabricate flexible LCDs combining polymer walls (PWs) and self‐assembled‐monolayer(SAM). The PWs with fine morphology and line‐width (about 20 µm) were fabricated to keep uniform cell gap and provided a larger aperture opening ratio for flexible LCDs. Alignment by alkyl trichlorosilane(TS) SAM was achieved at room temperature. In this way, general flexible substrates could be used for flexible LCDs. This work is promising for the manufacture of flexible LCDs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Seawater electrolysis with clean hydrogen energy has bright prospects due to the abundant reserves of seawater on our planet. However, the highly desirable direct seawater splitting with efficient electrocatalyst is still lacking. Herein, Co‐doped metallic VS2 nanosheets with modulated electronic structures and numerous exposed edges were proposed and evaluated as superior catalysts for hydrogen evolution from seawater. The enlarged number of edges through reducing nanosheet size and enriching sulfur defects by Co doping contribute to numerous active sites exposed, leading to desirable catalytic performances. The Co‐doped VS2 nanosheets with 10 % V substituted by Co exhibit excellent catalytic performance in simulated seawater with an onset potential of 196 mV and possesses long‐term stability without obvious current decay after 12‐h test. Moreover, this sample also delivers lower overpotentials of 234 mV at −10 mA cm−2 in acid media. The study can further broaden the development of vanadium chalcogenides in seawater catalysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates the stability problem of sliding mode controlled buck converters affected by unmodelled dynamics of circuit elements and Hall sensor. The parasitic resistors of all elements are contained in the modelling of buck converters. Different from the traditional sliding mode approach based on the nominal model, the circuit parasitic parameters are directly included in the controller design and stability analysis, which divide the regulation region located in the right half axis into four sub‐ranges. It is more accurate and has no need of extra compensator. For Hall sensor, singular perturbation theory is adopted for modelling and analysing, giving a stable condition concerning its dynamic and static parameters. Finally, the influence of the two types of unmodelled dynamics on the whole closed‐loop system is investigated by constructing an equivalent model, giving a more strict stability condition. Simulations and experiments are presented to illustrate the non‐negligible influence of these unmodelled dynamics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, a Phosphorous ‐ Aluminium ‐ Nitride synergistic flame retardant (PAN) was synthesized by phosphoric acid, glycerol, aluminium sulfate and urea, though a one‐pot process. The PAN was durably grafted onto the surface of cotton fabric by the simple process of soak‐dry‐cure. At the same time, the synergistic effect of the aluminium element and Phosphorous ‐ Nitrogen flame retardants (PN) was investigated. The flame‐retardant effect is the best when the conttent of alumium is 2.5 mol% (percentage of phosphoricacid) in PAN. The analyses of FTIR and XPS results suggested that PAN was grafted onto the cotton by forming a strong P−O‐C covalent bond on the surface of fiber. The SEM and Whiteness test proved that the flame‐retardant finishing cotton fabric do possess good morphology and whiteness. The thermal stability and flame retardancy of the PAN treated cotton fabric were assessed by TG and vertical flammability test. Then, found the aluminium sulfate in PAN had synergistic effect, and the PAN had significant flame retardancy in application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is a great challenge to develop electrocatalysts with high efficiency and low cost toward oxygen evolution reaction (OER) for the electrolysis of water. Herein, novel CoV‐hydroxide nanoneedle arrays with freestanding structure is successfully fabricated as new electrocatalysts for OER. Remarkably, the incorporation of V into Co hydroxide can significantly modulate the nanoneedle morphology, which results in the increase of active surface area, and augment the intrinsic activity by tuning the electronic structure. Particularly, we find that the freestanding Co hydroxide nanoneedles with 25 % Co substituted by V (Co0.75V0.25‐HNNs) show the optimum OER catalytic activity and have a low overpotential (268 mV at 10 mA cm−2), a small Tafel slope (80 mV dec−1) and long‐term stability, which are comparable to the other Co‐based and V‐based electrocatalysts for OER reported in literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Raising the cutoff voltage can efficiently increase the energy density of lithium cobalt oxide (LCO). However, upon charging over 4.55 V the LCO undergoes irreversible phase transition from the pristine O3 phase to the metastable H1‐3 phases, causing serious side reactions, which results in poor cycling stability. Herein, a multifunctional aqueous composite binder derived from the cross‐linking of fucoidan (FUC) and polyacrylamide (PAM) is developed to enhance the stability of LCO cathode at 4.6 V. The cross‐linking interaction of FUC and PAM provides a uniform coating on the surface of LCO and ensures a high peel strength for the electrode, effectively mitigating irreversible phase transition and detrimental interface side reactions. More importantly, the sulfur ester and amide groups of FUC‐PAM favorably function as surface charge compensators to the high valent Co upon charging under high voltages, thus stabilizes the surface lattice of LCO and suppresses the detrimental oxygen release. As expected, the LCO with a cutoff voltage of 4.6 V exhibits a high capacity retention of 90% after 100 cycles at a current density of 110 mA g−1. The interfacial coordination effect of composite binders offers a novel strategy to enhance the stability of high‐voltage LCO for high‐energy lithium‐ion batteries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Keywords: Co-doped VS2; edge activity; electronic structure; hydrogen evolution reaction; seawater electrolysis EN Co-doped VS2 edge activity electronic structure hydrogen evolution reaction seawater electrolysis 2093 2093 1 05/10/21 20210507 NES 210507 B The Front Cover b shows that cobalt-doped metallic vanadium disulfide nanosheets exhibit excellent catalytic performance for hydrogen evolution reaction of seawater electrolysis. Co-doped VS2, edge activity, electronic structure, hydrogen evolution reaction, seawater electrolysis. [Extracted from the article]

Ni3V2O8 is a promising anode material for Li‐ion batteries due to its high theoretical capacity that originates from the multivalence of nickel and vanadium. However, its low conductivity results in poor rate performance, and the large volume variation leads to poor stability induced by the inevitable pulverization and aggregation of active materials during cycling. To address these issues, a strategy by anchoring ultrafine Ni3V2O8 nanoparticles on reduced graphene oxide with hierarchical architecture (rGO@Ni3V2O8) is presented. This method is shown to effectively facilitate charge transfer, maintain structural integrity, and accommodate the volume variation during cycling. As a result, the rGO@Ni3V2O8 composite manifests a very stable and high reversible capacity of 1050 mA h g–1 over 200 cycles at a current density of 500 and 900 mA h g–1 after the subsequent 200 cycles at 1 A g–1. Furthermore, excellent rate capability is achieved. More than 45% of the capacity can be retained when the current density is increased from 0.1 to 10 A g–1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]