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Aim: We evaluated how effectively the waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) identified cardiometabolic risk (CMR) in children and adolescents, compared with the tri-ponderal mass index, percentage of body fat and other obesity indexes., Methods: Eligible subjects were recruited from three metropolitan regions of China from May 2013 to June 2014. Subjects with at least three of the following abnormalities - hypertension, dyslipidemia, elevated fasting blood glucose and central obesity - were defined as CMR1 and children with at least two were defined as CMR2. The area under the curve (AUC) of the receiver operating characteristic curve was used to compare how effectively obesity indexes predicted CMR., Results: We recruited 3556 subjects aged 7-18 years. All five obesity indexes showed good, comparable performances in identifying CMR and the AUCs ranged from 0.89 to 0.90 for CMR1 and 0.83 to 0.85 for CMR2. The cut-off of 0.467 for WHtR achieved a sensitivity of 0.91 and specificity of 0.80 for predicting CMR1, with the best cut-offs being 0.463 for boys and 0.469 for girls., Conclusion: The WHtR was a superior and practical screening tool for detecting CMR in this paediatric population, as it provided comparable accuracy to other methods and just required a simple calculation., (©2018 Foundation Acta Pædiatrica. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

Aim: Limited data have been available regarding critical congenital heart disease (CHD) screening in neonatal intensive care unit (NICUs). This study evaluated the feasibility of screening for CHD by adding pulse oximetry (POX) to clinical evaluation in a NICU in Shanghai, China., Methods: We screened 4128 eligible consecutive NICU admissions using POX plus clinical evaluation. Infants with positive screening results were then evaluated with echocardiography. Those with negative screening results were put under observation, and they also underwent echocardiography if their oxygen saturation fell below 95% on room air during hospitalisation., Results: This enhanced procedure detected 19 critical CHD cases, and seven of these diagnoses would have been delayed if POX had not been incorporated into the screening strategy. This means that the addition of POX increased the detection rate of critical CHD from 63.2 to 100%. The false-positive rate of critical CHD screening using POX plus clinical evaluation was higher in NICU patients with high morbidity rates., Conclusion: When pulse oximetry screening was added to clinical evaluation, it increased the number of critical CHD cases that were detected in our NICU. This method could provide a useful screening protocol for critical CHD cases., (©2016 The Authors. Acta Paediatrica published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Foundation Acta Paediatrica.)

Aim: This study investigated the prevalence of circumcision among non-Muslim schoolboys in Urumqi, China, and how acceptable their parents found the practice., Methods: A convenient cluster sample of non-Muslim schoolboys (n = 3614) aged six to 15 years of age and 873 mothers and 927 fathers completed self-administered questionnaires. We compared the consistency of the circumcision status reported by students and their parents and analysed the factors that influenced the parents to have their child circumcised., Results: The mean age at circumcision was 8.3 years and the adjusted prevalence was 46.2%. Up to 45.4% of fathers and 66% of mothers with uncircumcised sons were willing to circumcise their sons after receiving further information on circumcision. Mothers were more likely to support circumcision if they had higher education levels and higher family income, were employed as government officials and had family members who had been circumcised, including their husband. Fathers were more likely to support circumcision if they were highly educated and had been circumcised themselves., Conclusion: The prevalence and acceptability of circumcision were higher than expected in this traditional schoolboy population in Urumqi, China. Factors that increased parental support for circumcision included high education and the father being circumcised., (©2015 Foundation Acta Paediatrica. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

The title compound, C(17)H(21)BrN(4)OS, was synthesized as a potential reverse transcriptase (RT) inhibitor of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). In the molecule, there is an N-H⋯S hydrogen bond making a five-membered ring. In the crystal, mol-ecules are connected into centrosymmetric dimers via pairs of N-H⋯N and weak C-H⋯N hydrogen bonds. The crystal structure also features C-H⋯O inter-actions.

In the title compound, C(21)H(26)N(2)O(2)S, the cyclo-hexane ring adopts a chair conformation. The angle at the methyl-ene bridge linking the pyrimidine and cyclo-hexane rings is 113.41 (13)°. This is in the range considered optimal for maximum activity of non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors. In the crystal, mol-ecules are connected into centrosymmetric dimers via pairs of N-H⋯O hydrogen bonds.