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Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an essential cause of labor loss and disability for people worldwide. Acanthopanax senticosus polysaccharide (ASPS) is one of the most important active components from A. senticosus, which exhibits various pharmacological activities such as antioxidation and immunomodulation. However, no studies have reported the application of ASPS in treating RA. This study aims to investigate the therapeutic effect of ASPS on RA and reveal its underlying mechanism. The potential therapeutic effect of ASPS against RA is initially verified in this study using the collagen‐induced arthritis model. Moreover, the protective benefits of ASPS are transmitted through the fecal microbiota and blocked by simultaneous antibiotic cocktail treatment, indicating that gut microbiota may be correlated with ASPS. The 16S rRNA sequencing using feces samples and untargeted UPLC‐MS metabolomics using serum samples further reveal that ASPS reprograms the arthritic progression triggered dysbiosis, enhances the expression of γ‐glutamylcysteine (GGC) synthetase, and enriches the serum concentration of GGC. Furthermore, metabolites GGC is found to be able to effectively interrupt NLRP3 inflammasome activation via inhibiting ASC nucleation and therefore attenuate inflammatory arthritis. Taken together, this work highlights ASPS's therapeutic potential against RA, which mainly exhibits its effects via modulating gut microbiota and regulating GGC production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Infantile hemangioma (IH) is a common benign endothelial cell tumor in infants and young children, sometimes accompanied by potential complications, and may develop into malignant tumors. Hemangioma endothelial cells (HemECs) are one of the main components of IH. Podophyllotoxin (PPT) has been reported to have many pharmacological activities, especially anti‐tumor, but its high toxicity, poor water solubility, and serious gastrointestinal side effects limit its clinical application. In this study, we have designed and synthesized 20 ester derivatives by introducing Boc‐amino acids or organic acids at the C‐4 position of podophyllotoxin through esterification reactions. The cytotoxicity of these compounds was evaluated on HemECs. Changes in cell proliferation and apoptotic signaling pathways were studied by DAPI staining, colony formation assay, migration assay, measurement of reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels flow cytometry, and Western blot analysis. We found that eight of the compounds were more potent than PPT. Of these, compound V‐31 was the most active (IC50 = 0.079 ± 0.0049 µM). Further research indicated that compound V‐31 inhibited its proliferation and migration, increased the level of ROS in cells, and induced apoptosis by downregulating p‐PI3K, p‐Akt, and Bcl‐2, and upregulating cleaved caspase‐3 and Bax. Our research provides the first insight into the application of PPT derivatives in HemECs, may provide an effective medicine for IH treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Eleocharis dulcis, an aquatic plant belonging to Cyperaceae family, is indigenous to Asia, and also occurs in tropical Africa and Australia. The edible corm part of E. dulcis is a commonly consumed aquatic vegetable with a planting area of 44.46 × 103 hm2 in China. This work aims to explore the potential of E. dulcis corm for use as a new food source for sufficient nutrients and health benefits by reviewing its nutrients, phytochemicals, functions, processing and food products. Eleocharis dulcis corm contains starches, dietary fibers, non‐starch polysaccharides, proteins, amino acids, phenolics, sterols, puchiin, saponins, minerals and vitamins. Among them, phenolics including flavonoids and quinones could be the major bioconstituents that largely contribute to antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory, antibacterial, antitumor, hepatoprotective, neuroprotective and hypolipidemic functions. Peel wastes of E. dulcis corm tend to be enriched in phenolics to a much higher extent than the edible pulp. Fresh‐cut E. dulcis corm can be consumed as a ready‐to‐eat food or processed into juice for beverage production, and anti‐browning processing is a key to prolonging shelf life. Present food products of E. dulcis corm are centered on various fruit and vegetable beverages, and suffer from single categories and inadequate development. In brief, underutilized E. dulcis corm possesses great potential for use as a new food source for sufficient nutrients and health benefits. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sagittaria trifolia is an aquatic plant that is distributed worldwide. The edible tuber part of S. trifolia is a very common and popular vegetable in China. The aim of the present review is to discuss the discovery of nutraceuticals from S. trifolia tuber by reviewing its major constituents, food processing, food products, and health‐promoting benefits. Sagittaria trifolia tuber comprises a series of nutritional and bioactive constituents, including dietary fibers, amino acids, minerals, starches, non‐starch polysaccharides, diterpenoids, colchicine, phenols, and organic acids. Food processing affects its flavor, biocomponents, and bioactivity. Numerous S. trifolia tuber‐based food products and nutraceuticals have been developed, but new categories of products and the anticipated functions still need to be explored. The non‐starch polysaccharides could be the central ingredients that contribute to the plant's antioxidant, hepatoprotective, hypoglycemic, lipid‐regulating, and immunostimulatory properties. Of these, antioxidant and hepatoprotective effects have been thoroughly investigated. Procedures for the extraction and purification of polysaccharides influence their health‐promoting actions. Overall, S. trifolia tuber is an underutilized aquatic vegetable species that is an emerging subject for nutraceutical research. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

GRAPH: Supporting Information ASPS Exhibits Anti-Rheumatic Effects by Reprogramming Gut Microbiota and Increasing Serumy-Glutamylcysteine Leve B 2022 b , I 9 i , 2205645 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202205645 Supporting Information file was replaced on May 5, 2023, after initial article online publication, to correct the description of the "immunofluorescence staining" method. [Extracted from the article]

The title compound, [Ni(2)(C(9)H(6)O(4))(2)(C(12)H(8)N(2))(2)(H(2)O)(2)], is isostructural with the Zn(II) analogue. Each Ni(II) atom is coordinated in a distorted octa-hedral geometry by three O atoms from two homophthalate anions, one aqua O atom and two 1,10-phenanthroline N atoms. The two Ni(II) atoms are linked by two bridging homophthalate dianions into a centrosymmetric dinuclear unit. The dinuclear units are linked into one-dimensional ladder-like chains along [100] by O-H⋯O hydrogen bonds between the coordinated water mol-ecules and one of the O atoms of the carboxyl-atomethyl group.