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Objective: To investigate the effect of retaining the vessels around the orbicularis oculi muscle on reducing local swelling after blepharoplasty. Methods: A total of 309 patients undergoing blepharoplasty (total incision) were observed and randomly assigned to three groups; (A) conventional operation; (B) preservation of deep vessels; (C) preservation of anterior vessels of orbicularis oculi muscle. The groups were compared based on intraoperative blood loss, operation time, swelling, satisfaction, and complications. Results: Among the 309 patients, 39 were lost to follow‐up. c Additionally, A had the shortest operation time, followed by C with slightly longer duration. On the 7th day, 15th day, and 1 month after surgery, both B and C demonstrated significantly lower levels of swelling compared to A. Moreover, patient satisfaction was higher in B and C than in A. Conclusion: Retaining either superficial or deep veins of the orbicularis oculi muscle can effectively reduce short‐term postoperative swelling. However, when retaining the superficial central group of this muscle during surgery, it is crucial to strictly control the amount of surrounding tissue around vessels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The fir‐tree tenon/mortise structure in areo‐engine suffers from the combined high and low cycle fatigue (CCF) loads during service. The structural integrity of the tenon/mortise structure is significantly affected by the local strain distribution, while the strain value under the CCF loads is difficult to acquire. In this study, a simulated specimen of tenon/mortise structure is designed, and the CCF test is carried out using a divided‐path loading fixture to avoid interference between the high cycle fatigue (HCF) loads and the low cycle fatigue (LCF) loads. The high speed digital image correlation (DIC) method is adopted to acquire the real‐time strain distribution during CCF test. According to the strain results, the critical position of the mortise and its strain variation are determined. The high cycle strain of the mortise is proportional to the vibration amplitude of the tenon. The experimental results can provide basis for strength and life assessment. Highlights: A combined high and low fatigue test system is designed to study the strain variation.The real‐time strain distribution is obtained by high speed digital image correlation (DIC) method.The strain exhibits sinusoidal variations when applied to the combined high and low cycle fatigue (CCF) loads. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a prevalent chronic inflammatory and highly pruritic skin condition characterized by the infiltration of immune cells, notably eosinophils and mast cells. Mast cells (MCs) critically participate in the complex pathogenesis of AD through multiple pathways and have recently garnered growing attention in research. Despite the abundance of related studies published over the years, a comprehensive bibliometric analysis on this topic remains lacking. Objective: Our objective was to perform an up‐to‐date bibliometric analysis of the literature focusing on the relationship between MCs and AD. This analysis would provide valuable insights through a thorough bibliometric review, enabling a clearer understanding of the current research landscape, pinpointing key studies, and detecting emerging trends within this field. Methods: We searched the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) database on 15 July 2024. The data retrieval strategy was structured as follows: #1: TS = ("mast cells") OR TS = ("mast cell") OR TS = ("mastocyte"); #2: TS = ("atopic dermatitis") OR TS = ("atopic eczema") Final data: (#1 AND #2). A total of 2272 items published between 2001 and 2024 were included. Several scientometric visualization tools, including VOSviewer, R‐bibliometrix, CiteSpace and an online analytical platform, were utilized to conduct text mining and to visualize the bibliometric data, facilitating a comprehensive analysis of research trends and patterns. Results: Out of the initial 2272 articles retrieved, 2168 were selected for analysis after applying inclusion and exclusion criteria based on publication type. The findings indicate a steady and substantial exponential growth in the annual number of publications focused on the relationship between over the years. The South Korea (547/2168), USA (465/2168) and Japan (436/2168) were the major contributors within this field, collectively constituting more than half of the total publications. To clarify the underlying mechanisms and role of MCs in the pathogenesis of AD and to make MCs prime targets for therapeutic intervention have garnered the most attention in this field. According to references analysis, the research emphasis has shifted to developing MC‐related therapeutics and intervention and regulating the immune system of AD patients through modulating the activity of various immune cells. On the basis of keywords analysis, we outlined the following research frontiers and hotpots in the future: the role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis; imbalance in the different types of T helper (Th) cells during immune response; skin barrier and barrier dysfunction; improving quality of life; sensory neurons; biological agents and small‐molecule drugs. Furthermore, IL‐13, IL‐4, NFKB1, BCGF‐1 and CD4 ranked as the top five genes that have received the most investigative attention in the intersection of MCs and AD. Conclusion: In a word, this analysis would greatly benefit from a thorough bibliometric review to gain a deeper understanding of the current research landscape, identify pivotal studies and pinpoint emerging trends in the field of MCs and AD. Meanwhile, our findings offered researchers a holistic perspective of ongoing developments, serving as a valuable resource for guiding future research and informing decision‐making for both researchers and policymakers in this area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Organic solar cells (OSCs) achieved performance booming benefiting from the emerging of non‐fullerene acceptors, while inadequate device stability hampers their further application. At present, the prevalent belief attributes the inevitable thermal degradation of OSC device to morphological instability caused by excessive phase separation and crystallization in the active layer during device operation. However, it is inapplicable for state‐of‐art Y6‐based devices which strongly degrade before large‐scale morphology change. Herein, an alternative degradation mechanism is elucidated wherein molecular orientation change and demixing induced performance degradation in Y6‐based devices. Distinct from IT‐4F‐based counterpart, Y6‐based devices suffer severe thermal degradation dominated by open‐circuit voltage (VOC) and fill factor (FF) losses. The VOC loss is attributed to molecular orientation transition of polymer donors from edge‐on to face‐on, leading to a strong built‐in potential reduction and increase in non‐radiative loss due to energy level shifting. As for FF decay, discontinuous acceptor phases result in electron mobility decrease by over orders of magnitude, originating from the increased molecular stacking and phase separation. This work reveals the thermal degradation mechanism for Y6‐based devices and correlates the photoelectric properties with morphology instability, which will offer guidance for improving the stability of high‐performance OSCs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, an exceptional nitrate reduction to ammonia catalyst is reported, enabled by BO2− anion induction effects combining heterogeneous branching architecture‐driven mass transport enhancement strategies. The implantation of the BO2− anion can inductively enhance the electron cloud density and electron transmission paths of intrinsic catalysts, makes electron more active to improve the conductivity, regulates the adsorption and desorption rates of intermediates by space barrier effect, reduces the binding energy of the electron and 3d orbital of Ni in NiFe(BO2)O(OH), thereby lowing the transform free energy of the determining *NO3 to *HNO3 step. 3D hollow sea urchin lattice heterogeneous branching structure can self‐drive generate differentiated micro convection intervals, which will be beneficial for improving mass transfer dynamics especially localized disturbance mass transfer effect of catalyst for nitrate reduction reaction (NO3RR) catalysis process. Amazingly, the as‐prepared 3D NiFe metaborate oxyhydroxide hollow bionic sea urchins lattice catalyst has a high NH3 rate 6.27mmol·h−1·cm−2 with 98.7% Faradaic efficiency at low ‐0.25V(vs RHE) NO3RR potential. Moreover, the catalytic activity of this highly stable catalyst decreases only slightly over 100 h at ultra‐high 1500mA·cm−2 current. This work breaks through the bottleneck that plagues the performance improvement of non Cu‐based high‐current NO3RR catalysts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Regulatory T cell (Treg) deficiency leads to immune dysregulation, polyendocrinopathy, enteropathy, and X‐linked (IPEX) syndrome, which is a CD4+ T cell‐driven autoimmune disease in both humans and mice. Despite understanding the molecular and cellular characteristics of IPEX syndrome, new treatment options have remained elusive. Here, we hypothesized that salvianolic acid B (Sal B), one of the main active ingredients of Salvia miltiorrhiza, can protect against immune disorders induced by Treg deficiency. To examine whether Sal B can inhibit Treg deficiency‐induced autoimmunity, Treg‐deficient scurfy (SF) mice with a mutation in forkhead box protein 3 were treated with different doses of Sal B. Immune cells, inflammatory cell infiltration, and cytokines were evaluated by flow cytometry, hematoxylin and eosin staining and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay Kits, respectively. Moreover, RNA sequencing, western blot, and real‐time PCR were adopted to investigate the molecular mechanisms of action of Sal B. Sal B prolonged lifespan and reduced inflammation in the liver and lung of SF mice. Moreover, Sal B decreased plasma levels of several inflammatory cytokines, such as IL‐2, IFN‐γ, IL‐4, TNF‐α, and IL‐6, in SF mice. By analyzing the transcriptomics of livers, we determined the signaling pathways, especially the IL‐2‐signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 (STAT5) signaling pathway, which were associated with Treg deficiency‐induced autoimmunity. Remarkably, Sal B reversed the expression of gene signatures related to the IL‐2‐STAT5 signaling pathway in vitro and in vivo. Sal B prolongs survival and inhibits lethal inflammation in SF mice through the IL‐2‐STAT5 axis. Our findings may inspire novel drug discovery efforts aimed at treating IPEX syndrome. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Thermodynamics as a fundamental branch of physics examines the relationships between heat, work, and energy. The maximum energy extraction can be characterized by using the passive states that have no extracted energy under any cyclic unitary process. In this paper, the focus is on the concept of marginal passive state energy and derive polygon inequalities for multi‐qubit entangled pure states. It is shown that the marginal passive state energies collectively form a convex polytope for each class of quantum states that are equivalent under SLOCC. Multipartite passive state energy criteria is introduced to classify multipartite entanglement under SLOCC. The present result provides a thermodynamic method to witness multipartite entanglement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although herbivores are well known to incur positive density‐dependent damage and mortality, thereby likely shaping plant community assembly, the response of belowground root feeders to changes in plant density has seldom been addressed. Locally rare plant species (with lower plant biomass per area) are often smaller with shallower roots than common species (with higher plant biomass per area) in competition‐intensive grasslands. Likewise, root feeders are often distributed in the upper soil layers. We hypothesized, therefore, that root feeders would incur negative density (biomass)‐dependent damage across plant species. To test this hypothesis, we investigated the diversity and abundance of plant and root feeder species in an alpine meadow and determined the diet of the root feeders using metabarcoding. Across all species, root feeder load decreased with increasing aboveground plant biomass, root biomass, and total plant biomass per area, indicating a negative density dependence of damage across plant species. Aboveground plant biomass per area increased with increasing individual plant biomass and root depth per area across species, suggesting that rare plant species were smaller in size and had shallower root systems compared to common plant species. Both root biomass per area and root feeder biomass per area decreased with soil depth, but the root feeder biomass decreased disproportionately faster compared to root biomass with increasing root depth. Root feeder load decreased with increasing root depth but was not correlated with the feeding preference of root feeder species. Moreover, the prediction derived from a random process incorporating vertical distributions of root biomass and root feeder biomass significantly accounted for interspecific variation in root feeder load. In conclusion, the data indicate that root feeders incur negative density‐dependent damage across plant species. On this basis, we suggest that manipulative experiments should be conducted to determine the effect of the negative density‐dependent damage on plant community structure and that different types of plant–animal interactions should be concurrently examined to fully understand the effect of plant density on overall herbivore damage across plant species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Histidine triad nucleotide‐binding protein 2 (HINT2) is an enzyme found in mitochondria that functions as a nucleotide hydrolase and transferase. Prior studies have demonstrated that HINT2 plays a crucial role in ischemic heart disease, but its importance in cardiac remodelling remains unknown. Therefore, the current study intends to determine the role of HINT2 in cardiac remodelling. HINT2 expression levels were found to be lower in failing hearts and hypertrophy cardiomyocytes. The mice that overexpressed HINT2 exhibited reduced myocyte hypertrophy and cardiac dysfunction in response to stress. In contrast, the deficiency of HINT2 in the heart of mice resulted in a worsening hypertrophic phenotype. Further analysis indicated that upregulated genes were predominantly associated with the oxidative phosphorylation and mitochondrial complex I pathways in HINT2‐overexpressed mice after aortic banding (AB) treatment. This suggests that HINT2 increases the expression of NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) flavoprotein (NDUF) genes. In cellular studies, rotenone was used to disrupt mitochondrial complex I, and the protective effect of HINT2 overexpression was nullified. Lastly, we predicted that thyroid hormone receptor beta might regulate HINT2 transcriptional activity. To conclusion, the current study showcased that HINT2 alleviates pressure overload‐induced cardiac remodelling by influencing the activity and assembly of mitochondrial complex I. Thus, targeting HINT2 could be a novel therapeutic strategy for reducing cardiac remodelling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the most essential tasks in probabilistic damage tolerance assessment is to describe the scatter in crack growth accurately. This study proposes a stochastic model of the crack growth rate, which calculates the critical parameters of a random distribution accurately by combining the Markov chain and data fitting algorithms. The proposed method is validated by the crack growth test data of Ni‐based superalloy GH4710Li at 550°C. The validation results show that the proposed method is a robust and efficient stochastic model for the crack growth rate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We performed a meta‐analysis to compare the effect of preoperative and postoperative radiotherapy on wound complications after resection of extremity soft tissue sarcoma (ESTS). A comprehensive computerised search of the PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, EMBASE, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), VIP, and Wanfang databases was conducted from their inception to August 2023 to identify studies comparing the effect of preoperative and postoperative radiotherapy on wound complications after ESTS resection. Two investigators independently screened the literature, extracted the data, and assessed the quality of the articles. The meta‐analysis was performed using RevMan 5.4 software. Nine studies with 1271 patients were included, with 631 and 640 patients in the preoperative and postoperative radiotherapy groups, respectively. The results showed that the incidence of postoperative wound complications after ESTS resection was significantly higher with preoperative radiotherapy than with postoperative radiotherapy (27.26% vs. 12.03%, odds ratio [OR]: 2.88, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.12–3.91, p < 0.001). However, the rate of local recurrence of ESTS was significantly lower with preoperative radiotherapy than with postoperative radiotherapy (8.75% vs. 14.81%, OR: 0.57, 95% CI: 0.36–0.91, p = 0.02), and the 3‐year overall survival was significantly higher in the preoperative radiotherapy group than in the postoperative radiotherapy group (82.24% vs. 70.04%, OR: 1.97, 95% CI: 1.05–3.71, p = 0.03). This pooled analysis suggests that although preoperative radiotherapy increases the rate of wound complications in ESTS compared with postoperative radiotherapy, it significantly reduces the rate of local recurrence after ESTS resection and improves the overall survival of patients. Owing to the limitations in the number and quality of the included studies, additional prospective cohort studies or randomised controlled trials are required to confirm these findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: We sought to better understand the workflow, outcomes, and complications of deep brain stimulation (DBS) for pediatric status dystonicus (SD). We present a systematic review, alongside a multicenter case series of pediatric patients with SD treated with DBS. Methods: We collected individual data regarding treatment, stimulation parameters, and dystonia severity for a multicenter case series (n = 8) and all previously published cases (n = 77). Data for case series were used to create probabilistic voxelwise maps of stimulated tissue associated with dystonia improvement. Results: In our institutional series, DBS was implanted a mean of 25 days after SD onset. Programming began a mean of 1.6 days after surgery. All 8 patients in our case series and 73 of 74 reported patients in the systematic review had resolution of their SD with DBS, most within 2 to 4 weeks of surgery. Mean follow‐up for patients in the case series was 16 months. DBS target for all patients in the case series and 68 of 77 in our systematic review was the globus pallidus pars interna (GPi). In our case series, stimulation of the posterior–ventrolateral GPi was associated with improved dystonia. Mean dystonia improvement was 32% and 51% in our institutional series and systematic review, respectively. Mortality was 4% in the review, which is lower than reported for treatment with pharmacotherapy alone (10–12.5%). Interpretation: DBS is a feasible intervention with potential to reverse refractory pediatric SD and improve survival. More work is needed to increase awareness of DBS in this setting, so that it can be implemented in a timely manner. ANN NEUROL 2024;95:156–173 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Central line–associated bloodstream infections (CLABSI) are a serious complication in children with intestinal failure. This study assessed the incremental costs of 4% tetrasodium ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) compared with taurolidine lock and heparin lock per quality‐adjusted life‐year (QALY) gained in children with intestinal failure from the healthcare payer and societal perspective. Methods: A Markov cohort model of a 1‐year‐old child with intestinal failure was simulated until the age of 17 years (time horizon), with a cycle length of 1 month. The health outcome measure was QALYs, with results expressed in terms of incremental costs and QALYs. Model parameters were obtained from published literature and institutional data. Deterministic, probabilistic, and scenario sensitivity analyses were performed. Results: 4% Tetrasodium EDTA was dominant (more effective and less expensive) compared with taurolidine and heparin, yielding an additional 0.17 QALYs with savings of CAD$88,277 compared with heparin, and an additional 0.06 QALYs with savings of CAD$52,120 compared with taurolidine lock from the healthcare payer perspective. From the societal perspective, 4% tetrasodium EDTA resulted in savings of CAD$90,696 compared with heparin and savings of CAD$36,973 compared with taurolidine lock. Conclusions: This model‐based analysis indicates that 4% tetrasodium EDTA can be considered the optimal strategy compared with taurolidine and heparin in terms of cost‐effectiveness. The decision uncertainty can be reduced by conducting further research on the model input parameters. An expected value of perfect information analysis can identify what model input parameters would be most valuable to focus on. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a major cause of heart failure and sudden cardiac death. As DCM is a genetically heterogeneous disease, genetic variants of cardiac transcription factor genes may play an important role. Transcription factor TBX20, an indispensable factor in normal heart development, is involved in the regulation of cardiac structure and function. Although the TBX20 gene is associated with the occurrence and development of DCM, the influence of genetic variants of the TBX20 gene promoter region on DCM has not been reported. Methods: We conducted a case–control study consisting of 107 DCM patients and 210 healthy controls. Genetic variants within TBX20 gene promoter region were identified using sequencing techniques and were functionally analyzed by dual‐luciferase reporting assay. Electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) was used to investigate DNA‐protein interactions. Results: In this study cohort (n = 317), we identified eight variants within TBX20 gene promoter. One novel DNA sequence variants (DSV) (g.4275G>T) and four single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) [g.4169G>A (rs1263874255), g.4949C>T (rs1191745927), g.5114G>A (rs112076877), g.5252C>T (rs1356932911)] were identified in DCM patients, but in none of controls. Among them, the DSV (g.4275G>T) and three SNPs [g.4949C>T (rs1191745927), g.5114G>A (rs112076877) and g.5252C>T (rs1356932911)] significantly altered the transcription activity of TBX20 gene promoter by dual‐luciferase reporting assay (p < 0.05). Further, EMSA assay indicated that the DSV (g.4275G>T) and three SNPs [g.4949C>T (rs1191745927), g.5114G>A (rs112076877) and g.5252C>T (rs1356932911)] affected the binding of transcription factors. Conclusions: These data indicate that the DSV (g.4275G>T) and three SNPs [g.4949C>T (rs1191745927), g.5114G>A (rs112076877) and g.5252C>T (rs1356932911)] increase transcription activity of TBX20 gene promoter in both HEK‐293 and neonatal rat cardiomyocytes (NRCMs) cell lines by affecting the binding of transcription factors. But the mechanism remains to be verified in vivo. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current need for coherent light sources for integrated (nano)photonics motivates the search for novel laser designs emitting at technologically relevant wavelengths with high‐frequency stability and low power consumption. Here, a new monolithic architecture that integrates monolayer MoS2 and chains of silver nanoparticles on a rare‐earth (Nd3+) doped LiNbO3 platform is developed to demonstrate Q‐switched lasing operation at the nanoscale. The localized surface plasmons provided by the nanoparticle chains spatially confine the gain generated by Nd3+ ions at subwavelength scales, and large‐area monolayer MoS2 acts as saturable absorber. As a result, an ultra‐compact coherent pulsed light source delivering stable train pulses with repetition rates of hundreds of kHz and pulse duration of 1 µs is demonstrated without the need of any voltage‐driven optical modulation. Moreover, the monolithic integration of the different elements is achieved without sophisticated processing, and it is compatible with LiNbO3‐based photonics. The results highlight the robustness of the approach, which can be extended to other 2D materials and solid‐state gain media. Potential applications in communications, quantum computing, or ultra‐sensitive sensing can benefit from the synergy of the materials involved in this approach, which provides a wealth of opportunities for light control at reduced scales. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The recent claim on the discovery of ambient-pressure room-temperature superconductivity in Cu-doped lead-apatite has attracted sensational attention. The intriguing compound has been fabricated by sintering lanarkite (Pb2SO5) and copper(I) phosphide (Cu3 P). To verify this exciting claim, Pb2SO5, Cu3P, and finally the modified lead-apatite Pb10-xCux(PO4)6O have been successfully synthesized. Detailed electrical transport and magnetic properties of these compounds are systematically analyzed. It turns out that Pb2SO5 is a highly insulating diamagnet and Cu3P is a paramagnetic metal. The obtained nominal Pb10-xCux(PO4)6O compound sintered from Pb2SO5 and Cu3P exhibits semiconductor-like transport behavior with a large room-temperature resistivity of "1.94 X 104 �€ cm, although the major phase of the compound shows consistent X-ray diffraction spectrum with the previously reported structure data. In addition, when a Pb10-xCux(PO4)6O pellet pressed from uniformly ground powder is located on top of a commercial Nd2Fe14B magnet at room temperature, no repulsion can be felt and no magnetic levitation is observed either. The large difference in electrical and magnetic properties between the compounds and the previously reported compounds might be induced by distinct fine crystallographic structures, diverse multi-phase distributions, and different concentrations of impurity phases such as Cu2S, all of which deserve further study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Topotactic transition is a structural phase change in a matrix crystal lattice mediated by the ordered loss/gain and rearrangement of atoms, leading to unusual coordination environments and metal atoms with rare valent states. As early as in 1990s, low temperature hydride reduction is utilized to realize the topotactic transition. Since then, topological transformations are developed via multiple approaches. Especially, the recent discovery of the Ni‐based superconductivity in infinite‐layer nickelates has greatly boosted the topotactic transition mean to synthesizing new oxides for exploring exotic functional properties. In this review, a detailed and generalized introduction is provided to oxygen‐related topotactic transition. The main body of the review includes four parts: the structure‐facilitated effects, the mechanism of the topotactic transition, some examples of topotactic transition methods adopted in different metal oxides (V, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni) and the related applications. This study is to provide timely and thorough strategies to successfully realize topotactic transitions for researchers who are eager to create new oxide phases or new oxide materials with desired functions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Diabetes mellitus (DM), becomes a main public health issue worldwide due to the rapid increase in DM patient numbers. The dysfunction of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) in DM patients plays a critical role in endothelial repair and the progression of DM‐related vascular complications. Loxenatide is an a glucagon‐like peptide 1 receptor agonist, which is used to control glycemic in type 2 diabetes patients. However, the role of Loxenatide in EPCs remains to be investigated. EPCs were isolated, characterized, and treated with Loxenatide, high‐glucose, or 3‐TYP. quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction, flow cytometry, western blot, and cell counting kit‐8 assay were employed to validate the expression of gene and protein expressions and cell viability, respectively. Application of Seahorse XFp to measure oxygen consumption and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) were measured by Seahorse XFp and MMP assay. Loxenatide attenuated high‐glucose‐induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and mitochondrial‐dependent apoptosis of EPCs in a concentration‐dependent manner. The EPC mitochondrial respiration dysfunction induced by high glucose was also repressed by the loxenatide treatment. The protection effect of Loxenatide on EPCs against high‐glucose was applied by activating the sirtuin 3 (SIRT3)/Foxo3 signaling pathway. We demonstrated the regulatory role of Loxenatide in mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis of EPCs. We elucidated that Loxenatide protects EPC from high‐glucose‐induced apoptosis via ROS‐mediated mitochondrial pathway through the SIRT3/Foxo3 signing pathway. This may provide a new therapeutical target for the treatment of DM‐related vascular complications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Organic solar cells (OSCs) process fascinating solution‐printing capability to achieve low‐cost and large‐scale manufacture. However, the rapid power conversion efficiency (PCE) decay with active layer thickness enlargement inhibits the implement of OSCs' potential advantages. To overcome the bottlenecks of PCE decay in thick active layer OSCs, the electrical doping with componential selectivity in bulk heterojunction (BHJ) film is achieved by introducing a solid solvation additive. Benefiting from the higher exciton splitting efficiency together with the longer drift (Ldr) and diffusion (Ldiff) lengths, an OSC with 100 nm BHJ film demonstrates a PCE increment from 16.44% to 18.24% with prolonged dark and illuminated storage stabilities. Applying the solid solvation assisted (SSA) doping method in the OSCs with 500 nm active layer, the PCE significantly increases by 31.9%, from the original value of 11.79% to 15.55%. It further improves to 15.84% in a ternary blend thick‐film device, which is the record value to the best of our knowledge. Besides, the SSA doping narrows the PCE gap between the 0.04 and 1 cm2 devices. All improvements demonstrate the great potential of SSA doping for OSC commercial manufacture, since it optimizes the photovoltaic performance under all practical conditions of long‐term, thick‐film, and large‐area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the advent of the intelligence era, flexible piezoelectric tactile sensors are the key components for sensing information and sending signals. The performance parameters of piezoelectric sensors are closely related to the selection of piezoelectric materials. Compared with conventional piezoelectric materials, polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) has significant advantages in flexibility, stretchability, chemical stability, electromechanical conversion, ease of use, and acoustic propagation impedance. As a result, PVDF has become a popular topic of research. This paper introduces the working principle of piezoelectric materials and flexible piezoelectric sensors based on PVDF materials and details the research progress of different materials based on PVDF for the preparation of flexible piezoelectric tactile sensors, such as: PVDF and its copolymers for the preparation of flexible piezoelectric sensors and PVDF doped with other functional materials for the preparation of flexible piezoelectric sensors. In this paper, the advantages and disadvantages of different materials and the development prospects of PVDF flexible piezoelectric sensors are summarized to provide some insights for high‐performance flexible PVDF piezoelectric sensors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With constant advances in deep learning methods as applied to image processing, deep convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have been widely explored in single‐image super‐resolution (SISR) problems and have attained significant success. These CNN‐based methods cannot fully use the internal and external information of the image. The authors add a lightweight Transformer structure to capture this information. Specifically, the authors apply a dense block structure and residual connection to build a residual dense convolution block (RDCB) that reduces the parameters somewhat and extracts shallow features. The lightweight transformer block (LTB) further extracts features and learns the texture details between the patches through the self‐attention mechanism. The LTB comprises an efficient multi‐head transformer (EMT) with small graphics processing unit (GPU) memory footprint, and benefits from feature preprocessing by multi‐head attention (MA), reduction, and expansion. The EMT significantly reduces the use of GPU resources. In addition, a detail‐purifying attention block (DAB) is proposed to explore the context information in the high‐resolution (HR) space to recover more details. Extensive evaluations of four benchmark datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of the authors' proposed model in terms of quantitative metrics and visual effects. The proposed EMT only uses about 40% as much GPU memory as other methods, with better performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Phthorimaea operculella attacks potatoes worldwide, causing great losses in potatoes' quantity and quality. P. operculella feed on potatoes with a relatively high concentration of steroidal glycoalkaloids called solanine, which potatoes produce as secondary metabolites. The potential genes involved in solanine‐induced response in P. operculella were identified by performing next‐generation sequencing and Illumina RNA‐seq analysis on solanine‐treated P. operculella to explore differentially expressed genes. Four major families of detoxification enzymes were identified, including 71 cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (CYPs), 22 glutathione S‐transferases (GSTs), 58 esterases (ESTs) and 16 UDP‐glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs). The Illumina RNA‐Seq data showed 2875 and 1625 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) from the P. operculella larvae after exposure to the LC25 and LC75 of solanine compared with the untreated controls. Furthermore, 21 upregulated DEGs, including 13 CYPs, 3 GSTs, 4 ESTs and 1 UGT, and 20 downregulated DEGs, including 5 CYPs, 3 GSTs, 9 ESTs and 3 UGTs, were detoxification genes that may be related to solanine‐induced response and needed to be further verified. The RT‐qPCR results among the six upregulated P450 unigenes after solanine treatment were consistent with RNA‐Seq data, confirming the accuracy and reproducibility of the gene expression profiles generated from RNA‐seq. This study provides new information about the detoxification genes involved in solanine‐induced response in P. operculella. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gene expressions have been extensively studied in biomedical research. With gene expression, network analysis, which takes a system perspective and examines the interconnections among genes, has been established as highly important and meaningful. In the construction of gene expression networks, a commonly adopted technique is high‐dimensional regularized regression. Network construction can be unadjusted (which focuses on gene expressions only) and adjusted (which also incorporates regulators of gene expressions), and the two types of construction have different implications and can be equally important. In this article, we propose a variable selection hierarchy to connect the unadjusted regression‐based network construction with the adjusted construction that incorporates two or more types of regulators. This hierarchy is sensible and amounts to additional information for both constructions, thus having the potential of improving variable selection and estimation. An effective computational algorithm is developed, and extensive simulation demonstrates the superiority of the proposed construction over multiple closely relevant alternatives. The analysis of TCGA data further demonstrates the practical utility of the proposed approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To address the poor removal rate of low‐concentration dye adsorption, the soaking pretreatment of hydrogel adsorbent in distilled water was suggested. In contrast to the conventional method of directly adding dried particles into dye solution, the purposed procedure involved adding an adsorbent into distilled water before transferring it into the dye solution. A hydrogel adsorbent based on P(AANa/AM) containing COONa groups was fabricated as an example for the hypothesis. The maximum adsorption capacity of P(AANa/AM) hydrogel adsorbent onto MB was 2455.45 mg/g under an initial MB concentration of 1000 mg/L. After two rounds of soaking pretreatment in distilled water, the clearance rate of 20 mg/L MB increased from 97.79% to 99.40%. Considering the hydrophilicity and ionization of COONa group, a high concentration of Na+ was released into solution. Hydrogel soaked multiple times in fresh distilled water induced the continuous release of Na+ into distilled water, although the swelling equilibrium was already achieved in the first soak. In dye adsorption and desorption experiments, the water absorption behavior was observed. Overall, this work revealed that the soaking pretreatment of hydrogel adsorbent in distilled water can enhance the removal rate of low concentration dye through adsorption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As biological macromolecules, proteins are involved in important cellular functions ranging from DNA replication and biosynthesis to metabolic signalling and environmental sensing. Protein sequencing can help understand the relationship between protein function and structure, and provide key information for disease diagnosis and new drug design. Nanopore sensors are a novel technology to achieve the goal of label‐free and high‐throughput protein sequencing. In recent years, nanopore‐based biosensors have been widely used in the detection and analysis of biomolecules such as DNA, RNA, and proteins. At the same time, computer simulations can describe the transport of proteins through nanopores at the atomic level. This paper reviews the applications of nanopore sensors in protein sequencing over the past decade and the solutions to key problems from a computer simulation perspective, with the aim of pointing the way to the future of nanopore protein sequencing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Plants allocate nutrients to new leaves via making a cost–benefit trade‐off between root nutrient absorption ('get') and leaf nutrient resorption ('save'). This active trade‐off in nutrient acquisition pathways may cause a passive trade‐off between resorption and decomposition ('return'). However, whether these nutrient‐associated processes are linked and form a 'get‐save‐return' (GSR) continuum, and its linkages with the above‐ground leaf economics spectrum (LES) and the below‐ground mycorrhizal association remain unclear.Here, we present the first empirical evidence of a direct link among multiple nutrient‐associated processes and tested this continuum hypothesis by synchronously integrating root nutrient absorption, leaf nutrient resorption and leaf litter decomposition of 15 co‐occurring tree species hosting either arbuscular mycorrhizal or ectomycorrhizal fungi in subtropical forests of China.Across species, there was an active trade‐off between phosphorus (P) absorption and resorption, which further caused a passive trade‐off between P resorption and leaf litter decomposition, indicating that the GSR continuum exists and runs on P economy. However, these processes associated with nitrogen economy were not well linked. Interestingly, the loading scores of species on the LES were positively correlated with root P absorption, negatively with leaf P resorption and positively with leaf litter decomposition. These linkages indicate that species running in the 'fast lane' had greater root P absorption, lower leaf P resorption and faster leaf litter decomposition than species running in the 'slow lane', and that the process‐based GSR continuum follows the trait‐based 'fast‐slow' LES. Furthermore, the continuum on P economy emerged evidently in the ectomycorrhizal tree species rather than in the arbuscular mycorrhizal tree species, indicating critical control of mycorrhizal association over the continuum.Synthesis. Overall, these results demonstrate the existence of the GSR continuum on tree P economy, which conforms to the economics spectrum theory but varies with mycorrhizal association type. Our findings provide a process‐based framework for mechanistic understanding of the whole plant nutrient economy and ecosystem nutrient cycling, and facilitate improved predictions of biogeochemical models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the development of social media and the ubiquity of the Internet, recent years have witnessed the rapid development of online video advertising among publishers and advertisers. Video advertising, as a new type of advertisement, has gained significant research attention from both academia and industry, coinciding with the ever‐growing volume of online videos. In this research, we provide a comprehensive survey of online video advertising in the fields of social science and computer science. We investigate state‐of‐the‐art articles from 1990 to the present and provide a new taxonomy of extant research topics based on these articles. We also highlight the factors that cause advertising to affect people and the most popular video advertising techniques used in computer science. Finally, on the basis of the analytics of the surveyed papers, future challenges are identified and potential solutions to these are discussed. This article is categorized under:Algorithmic Development > MultimediaApplication Areas > Internet and Web‐Based Applications [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Home‐field advantage (HFA) states that litter decomposes faster in "home" than in "away" soil, due to the specialization of decomposer organisms in decomposing litter derived from their local plant community. Demonstration of the HFA effect has been overwhelmingly based on aboveground leaf litter despite the fact that roots play a pivotal role in carbon (C) and nutrient cycling.Labile C input in root exudates and newly shed root litters can enhance the activity of soil microorganisms, which in turn can favour the breakdown of older root litter, also referred to as the priming effect. It remains, however, unclear how the addition of fresh root‐derived inputs affects HFA on the decomposition of absorptive roots (ARs) and transport roots (TRs), which have a different chemical composition.Here, we conducted a two‐stage (endogenous C consumption versus exogenous C priming) reciprocal transplant microcosm experiment to explore the effects of HFA on the decomposition of lower‐quality ARs and higher‐quality TRs of two subtropical tree species (Pinus elliottii and Cunninghamia lanceolata) and their responses to either labile (glucose) or recalcitrant (fresh ARs) C additions.Decomposition of lower‐quality ARs exhibited neutral HFA, while decomposition of higher‐quality TRs exhibited positive HFA. The absence of HFA for short‐lived ARs was possibly due to the legacy effect of their chemical defences on decomposition. The neutral HFA for ARs became negative with glucose addition, which was linked to the dissimilarity of fungal community between the home and away soils. Neither glucose nor fresh ARs additions changed the HFA pattern of TRs, implying that these long‐lived roots play a reinforced role in soil C accumulation when they decompose away from their origins.These results indicate that the effect of HFA on decomposition differs between ARs and TRs, and could be modified by the priming effect induced by the root‐derived C input. In general, our findings highlight that complex "HFA‐priming" interactions on root decomposition should be explicitly considered in the paradigm of belowground C dynamics. Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Toxicity is a major concern related to the clinical use of polymyxin B, and available safety data for renal transplant patients are limited. Aims: We investigated the safety of polymyxin B and toxicity risk factors in renal transplant patients. Methods: A prospective study was performed on a group of renal transplant patients who received intravenous polymyxin B between January 2018 and August 2021. Polymyxin B treatment was monitored to evaluate toxicity and risk factors. Results: A total of 235 courses of polymyxin B were administered to 213 patients. Of these, 121 (51.5%) developed skin hyperpigmentation (SH), 149 (63.4%) developed neurotoxicity and 10 (5.5%) developed acute kidney injury of which 80% was reversible. Risk factors for developing SH included a high total dose by weight (odds ration [OR] 1.31, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.08–1.60, P =.008) and the presence of neurotoxicity (OR 2.86, 95% CI 1.56–5.26, P =.001). Neurotoxicity manifested during the first 2 days of treatment. Neurotoxicity occurred most commonly in women (OR 3.84, 95% CI 1.82–8.10, P <.0001), and the presence of SH (OR 1.98, 95% CI 1.13–3.46, P =.016) was also an independent risk factor. Conclusions: Neurotoxicity and SH are the two major adverse effects of polymyxin B in renal transplant patients, which may limit its clinical use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: In this study, the duration of high‐pressure processing (HPP) required to achieve a 5 log reduction of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in fruit purees was evaluated. Banana, cantaloupe, and dragon fruit purees were subjected to HPP at 600 MPa for 300, 270, and 270 s, respectively, and their physicochemical properties and enzyme activities were then analysed. Diabetic mice were fed fresh and HPP‐treated purees to observe their effects on the glycemic index (GI) and postprandial blood glucose response. RESULTS: Compared with their fresh counterparts, the HPP‐treated banana and dragon fruit purees exhibited significantly higher viscosities, lower glucose concentrations, and higher glucose dialysis retardation indices and showed disrupted sucrose invertase and polygalacturonase activities. The GI and postprandial blood glucose response were not significantly different between the fresh and HPP‐treated cantaloupe purees. By contrast, the peak time of glucose response (Tmax) was delayed from 30 min to 60 min, and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was reduced by 40% in the mice fed HPP‐treated banana and dragon fruit purees. The GIs of the HPP‐treated banana and dragon fruit purees (were 50.3 and 44.8, respectively) were significantly lower than those of their fresh counterparts (85.1 and 75.2, respectively). CONCLUSION: HPP can change the physicochemical properties of fruit purees, resulting in stabilized blood glucose levels and lower GIs after consumption. Therefore, purees processed in this manner would benefit consumers and patients with diabetes/pre‐diabetes who need to maintain stable blood glucose levels (Fig. S1). © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The theory of transient cognitive impairment in epilepsy posits that lapses in attention result from ephemeral disruption of attentional circuitry by interictal events. Eye movements are intimately associated with human attention and can be monitored in real time using eye‐tracking technologies. Here, we sought to characterize the associations between interictal epileptiform discharges (IEDs), gaze, and attentional behavior in children with epilepsy. Methods: Eleven consecutive children undergoing invasive monitoring with stereotactic electrodes for localization‐related epilepsy performed an attentional set‐shifting task while tandem intracranial electroencephalographic signals and eye‐tracking data were recorded. Using an established algorithm, IEDs were detected across all intracranial electrodes on a trial‐by‐trial basis. Hierarchical mixed‐effects modeling was performed to delineate associations between trial reaction time (RT), eye movements, and IEDs. Results: Hierarchical mixed‐effects modeling revealed that both the presence of an IED (β ± SE = 72.74 ± 24.21 ms, p =.003) and the frequency of epileptiform events (β ± SE = 67.54 ± 17.30 ms, p <.001) were associated with prolonged RT on the attentional set‐shifting task. IED occurrence at the time of stimulus presentation was associated with delays in gaze initiation toward the visual targets (p =.017). Significance: The occurrence of epileptiform activity in close temporal association with stimulus presentation is associated with delays in target‐directed gaze and prolonged response time, hallmarks of momentary lapses in attention. These findings provide novel insights into the mechanisms of transient impairments in children and support the use of visual tracking as a correlate of higher order attentional behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highly sensitive and multimodal sensors have recently emerged for a wide range of applications, including epidermal electronics, robotics, health‐monitoring devices and human–machine interfaces. However, cross‐sensitivity prevents accurate measurements of the target input signals when a multiple of them are simultaneously present. Therefore, the selection of the multifunctional materials and the design of the sensor structures play a significant role in multimodal sensors with decoupled sensing mechanisms. Hence, this review article introduces varying methods to decouple different input signals for realizing truly multimodal sensors. Early efforts explore different outputs to distinguish the corresponding input signals applied to the sensor in sequence. Next, this study discusses the methods for the suppression of the interference, signal correction, and various decoupling strategies based on different outputs to simultaneously detect multiple inputs. The recent insights into the materials' properties, structure effects, and sensing mechanisms in recognition of different input signals are highlighted. The presence of the various decoupling methods also helps avoid the use of complicated signal processing steps and allows multimodal sensors with high accuracy for applications in bioelectronics, robotics, and human–machine interfaces. Finally, current challenges and potential opportunities are discussed in order to motivate future technological breakthroughs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Joint seismic and controlled‐source electromagnetic surveys can reduce uncertainty and improve hydrocarbon quantification. However, the successful interpretation of joint seismic and controlled‐source electromagnetic survey data requires a valid rock physics model to link the elastic and electrical rock properties. A cross‐property differential effective medium is recently proposed with pores embedded in the mineral matrix. We have presented a technique to test the applicability of the cross‐property differential effective medium model to the joint elastic‐electrical properties of reservoir sandstones. The method is based on the common employment of measured sample porosity and inverted equivalent pore aspect ratio from cementation exponent for the modelling. Application of the modelling approach to a laboratory joint elastic‐electrical dataset shows that there is a systematic discrepancy in the modelled and measured joint elastic–electrical properties. It is also found that an equivalent pore aspect ratio is existing to reasonably predict the trend of the joint elastic–electrical data; however, the porosity used in the modelling is far from their measured values. Conversely, if the measured sample porosity is employed, the mentioned equivalent pore aspect ratio fails to fit either of the measured elastic and electrical rock properties. The results indicate the incapability of the cross‐property differential effective medium model for the joint elastic–electrical modelling of reservoir rocks and suggest the requirement of a new model to link the elastic and electrical properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Foot‐and‐mouth disease (FMD) is an economically important animal disease because of the speed of its transmission. Routine vaccination may not be effective; RAM can be considered as a potential facilitator for this. Present study was designed to evaluate the effects of feeding different treatment of the RAM in different days on the immune responses in mice immunised with FMDV type O vaccine. Material and methods: In experiment 1, 50 ICR mice were randomly divided into five groups with 10 animals in each group, and the basic diet containing 1% Crush of RAM for 1‐week ad libitum feeding period, 1% Crush of RAM for 6‐week ad libitum feeding period, 1% Decoction of RAM for a 1‐week ad libitum feeding period, 1% Decoction of RAM for a 6‐week ad libitum feeding period, respectively. Blood samples were collected 2 weeks after boosting for measurement of FMDV‐specific IgG level and the IgG subclasses, lymphocyte proliferation as well as production IL‐5 and IFN‐γ. In experiment 2, four groups mice were fed basic diet and basic diet containing 5% Decoction of RAM for 2‐, 4‐ and 6‐day ad libitum feeding periods, respectively. Then we collected blood samples for detecting IgG and IgG subclasses, splenocytes for lymphocyte proliferation as well as production IL‐5 and IFN‐γ, and tissue samples of small intestine for sIgA. Results: The results indicated that 1% Decoction of RAM for a 1‐week ad libitum feeding period group and 5% Decoction of RAM for 2‐, 4‐ and 6‐day ad libitum feeding period group enhance the FMDV‐specific immune responses significantly. Conclusions: Taken together, the results demonstrate that doses and feeding time of RAM are important to affect the immune responses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: The root economics space (RES) is multidimensional and largely shaped by belowground biotic and abiotic influences. However, how root–fungal symbioses and edaphic fertility drive this complexity remains unclear.Here, we measured absorptive root traits of 112 tree species in temperate and subtropical forests of China, including traits linked to functional differences between arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) and ectomycorrhizal (ECM) hosts.Our data, from known mycorrhizal tree species, revealed a 'fungal‐symbiosis' dimension distinguishing AM from ECM species. This divergence likely resulted from the contrasting mycorrhizal evolutionary development of AM vs ECM associations. Increased root tissue cortical space facilitates AM symbiosis, whereas increased root branching favours ECM symbiosis. Irrespective of mycorrhizal type, a 'root‐lifespan' dimension reflecting aspects of root construction cost and defence was controlled by variation in specific root length and root tissue density, which was fully independent of root nitrogen content. Within this function‐based RES, we observed a substantial covariation of axes with soil phosphorus and nitrate levels, highlighting the role played by these two axes in nutrient acquisition and conservation.Overall, our findings demonstrate the importance of evolved mycorrhizal symbiosis pathway and edaphic fertility in framing the RES, and provide theoretical and mechanistic insights into the complexity of root economics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Corrosion is an inevitable and thorny issue in various fields, resulting in materials degradation, environmental pollution, economic loss, and even emergency safety accidents. Owing to the special surface functions, superhydrophobic coatings are regarded as a promising strategy towards corrosion inhibition. However, the large‐scale and real‐world applications of superhydrophobic coatings are restricted by the mechanical and chemical weaknesses. Herein, a fluorine‐free dual‐layer microarc oxidation/superhydrophobic coating with mechanochemical stabilization is fabricated for corrosion protection. The dual‐layer coating maintains superhydrophobicity under ultraviolet irradiation (15 d), different pH values (1–14), different temperatures (0–100 °C) and abrasion test (180 cycles). Its impedance modulus at the lowest frequency is increased by more than six orders of magnitude than that of the pristine substrate, and the corrosion inhibition efficiency value is calculated as 99.999%. The enhancement of surface multifunctions is attributed to the synergistic effects of microarc oxidation layer and superhydrophobic layer. The as‐prepared robust dual‐layer coating with excellent properties is expected to have potential applications in material protection fields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Understanding the electrical properties of reservoir rocks has important applications in oil and gas exploration. Small‐scale fractures that are widely existing in reservoir rocks are usually aligned along a certain preferential direction due to reasons such as tectonic movement, making the electrical conductivity of the rocks anisotropic. Since all rocks are experiencing geological pressure, it is theoretically and practically important to study the influence of pressure on the fractures and its control on the anisotropic conductivity of reservoir rocks. We first prepared artificial porous sandstone samples with and without penny‐shaped fractures and experimentally measured the anisotropic conductivity of the samples under differential pressure (the difference between confining pressure and pore fluid pressure). Then, we inverted from the experimental data for the fracture porosity and fracture aspect ratio at each differential pressure. The variation of the fracture parameters caused by the differential pressure and their influence on the anisotropic electrical conductivity of the rocks were further analysed theoretically. The results show that as the differential pressure increases, the measured anisotropic conductivity of the artificial samples with and without fractures all decreases exponentially. We also show that both the inverted fracture porosity and fracture aspect ratio decrease exponentially with the increase of differential pressure, and the fracture porosity and fracture aspect ratio are linearly correlated as an implicit function of differential pressure. The modelling results show that the differential pressure‐induced decrease in the fracture porosity reduces the electrical conductivity in all directions, and the conductivity reduction in the rock parallel to the direction of the fractures is most significant. Comparing with the influence of the fracture porosity resulting from the applied differential pressure, the pressure‐caused variation in the fracture aspect ratio was shown to play a secondary role on affecting the pressure‐dependent anisotropic electrical properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The semitransparent and colorful properties of organic solar cells (OSCs) attract intensive academic interests due to their potential application in building integrated photovoltaics, wearable electronics, and so forth. The most straightforward and effective method to tune these optical properties is varying the componential ratio in the blend film. However, the increase in device transmittance inevitably sacrifices the photovoltaic performance because of severe carrier recombination that originates from discontinuous charge‐transport networks in the blend film. Herein, a strategy is proposed via the molecular‐doping strategy to overcome these shortcomings. It is discovered that p‐doping is able to release the trapped holes in segregated polymer domains leading to short‐circuit current enhancement, while n‐doping is more effective to fill the bandgap states producing a higher fill factor. More importantly, either type of doping improves the photovoltaic performance in the semitransparent photovoltaic devices. These discoveries provide a new pathway to breaking the compromise between the photovoltaic performance and optical transmittance in semitransparent OSCs, and hold promise for their future commercialization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new type of Al–TiO2–C–XEr2O3 aluminum alloy refiner is prepared by exothermic dispersion method, and the effect of different Er2O3 content on the structure and refinement effect of Al–TiO2–C refiner is studied by scanning electron microscope (SEM), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), and other methods. The results show that the refiners are composed of Al3Ti, TiC, Al2O3, Al20Ti2Er, and Al5O12Er3 phases. As the content of Er2O3 increases, the Al3Ti phase changes from flaky to massive. The amount of Al2O3 decreases, and the content of Al5Er3O12 increases and is dispersed in the matrix. When the content of Er2O3 in the refiner is 6%, the Al–5Cu alloy has the best refining effect. The grain size of the Al–5Cu alloy is refined from 500 to 180 μm, and the grain size can be reduced by 64%. At the same time, the tensile strength of Al–5Cu alloy is tested, and the results show that when the content of Er2O3 in the refiner is 6%, the tensile strength is the highest, which is 189.7 MPa. This is consistent with the theoretical results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Molecular doping, a fascinating technique to modulate the electrical property of organic solids by importing additional charges, has been one of the focal points of active research over the last three decades. Due to the potential applications in clean energy and artificial intelligence, molecular doping is experiencing a second golden stage by virtue of its compatibility with solution‐processed organic functional devices. The central challenge at present promoting the doping efficiency. This perspective starts with revisiting the basic concepts in doping process and discusses the recent progress in efficiency improvements. Based on the journey of molecular doping, it is concluded that molecular doping can be as efficient as atomic doping is in inorganic semiconductors; future directions to achieve this goal are shared. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The intelligent transformation of the manufacturing industry is accompanied by the visualization of industrial information, and the semantic expression of industrial icons plays a crucial role in improving operators' cognitive performance. Taking the production process of a battery production line as the research object, we studied the semantics‐entity relevance of industrial icons based on the concepts of "signifier" and "signified" in metaphorical cognition as well as "topic" and "vehicle." On this basis, we designed the icons of eight process stations (precleaning, diffusion, coating, screen printing, power testing, etc.) of the battery production line using the metaphor design method. The experimental results show that the icons complying with the law of semantic cognition have high search efficiency. It is concluded that the industrial icons should be designed according to the relevance between functional semantics and entity specific to each production process and that applying such carefully designed industrial icons to industrial information visualization will effectively improve the cognitive performance of operators. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Purpose: Recent studies reported therapeutic effects of monotherapy with either tumour suppressor p53 (p53) agonist or hypoxia‐inducible factor 2α (HIF‐2α) antagonist for pulmonary hypertension (PH). This study investigated whether a combined treatment of p53 agonist, Nutlin3a, and HIF‐2α antagonist, PT2385, would be more effective than monotherapy, based on the cell type‐divergent regulation of p53 in pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (PASMC) and endothelial cells (PAEC) in patients and animals with PH. Experimental Approach: The SU5416/hypoxia‐induced PH (SuHx‐PH) rat model was used, along with cultured human PASMC and PAEC. Western blot, RT‐PCR, siRNA and immunohistochemical methods were used along with echocardiography and studies with isolated pulmonary arteries. Key Results: Hypoxia‐induced proliferation of PASMC is associated with decreased p53, whereas hypoxia‐induced PAEC apoptosis is associated with increased p53, via a HIF‐2α‐dependent mechanism. Combined treatment with Nutlin3a and PT2385 is more effective by simultaneously inhibiting the hypoxia‐induced PASMC proliferation and PAEC apoptosis, overcoming the side‐effects of monotherapy. These are (i) Nutlin3a exacerbates hypoxia‐induced PAEC apoptosis by inducing p53 in PAEC and (ii) PT2385 inhibits PAEC apoptosis because HIF‐2α is predominantly expressed in PAEC but lacks direct effects on the hypoxia‐induced PASMC proliferation. In rats, combination treatment is more effective than monotherapy in reversing established SuHx‐PH, especially in protecting pulmonary arterial vasculature, by normalizing smooth muscle thickening, protecting against endothelial damage and improving function. Conclusion and Implications: Combination treatment confers greater therapeutic efficacy against PH through a selective modulation of p53 and HIF‐2α in PASMC and PAEC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Given a graph sequence {Gn}n≥1 denote by T3(Gn) the number of monochromatic triangles in a uniformly random coloring of the vertices of Gn with c≥2 colors. In this paper we prove a central limit theorem (CLT) for T3(Gn) with explicit error rates, using a quantitative version of the martingale CLT. We then relate this error term to the well‐known fourth‐moment phenomenon, which, interestingly, holds only when the number of colors satisfies c≥5. We also show that the convergence of the fourth moment is necessary to obtain a Gaussian limit for any c≥2, which, together with the above result, implies that the fourth‐moment condition characterizes the limiting normal distribution of T3(Gn), whenever c≥5. Finally, to illustrate the promise of our approach, we include an alternative proof of the CLT for the number of monochromatic edges, which provides quantitative rates for the results obtained in [7]. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]