Search

Breaking the trade‐off between broad spectrum response and efficient charge separation is a major challenge in the photocatalysis. Unlike the conventional practice of suppressing charge separation when shrinking the bandgap, a series of deacetylated chitin‐perylene diimide (DC‐PDI) donor–acceptor (D–A) photocatalysts is proposed with tunable charge distribution by modulating the C─N covalent bond content, expanding the spectral absorption range as the expanded D–A. The enlarged D–A structure achieves efficient photogenerated electron–hole separation by increasing the charge of the positive and negative charge centers, inducing larger dipole moments, generating 4.7 times higher built‐in electric field, and reducing the charge transfer barrier. Among them, the optimum DC/PDI (2:1) with enlarged D–A enables to capture the largest number of electrons for persulfate activation, and concurrently affords the highest hole generation efficiency with the deepest valence band (1.67 V). Such merits contribute to 1.2–2.8 times higher degradation rate and 1.1–1.6 times higher mineralization rate of organic pollutants in comparison with other counterparts. The mineralization rate can reach 100% in the engineered microreactor setup. This study elucidates the structure‐mechanism‐performance relationship of D–A modulation and charge separation/transport, guiding the rational molecular structure design for efficient photocatalytic oxidation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the popularity of smart meters, the frequent information exchange between smart grids and consumers leads to easy leakage of consumers' electricity consumption data. These leaked electricity consumption data are obtained by some malicious attackers and used to infer consumers' behavioural patterns by non‐intrusive load monitoring (NILM), which seriously threatens consumers' privacy. Therefore, the multi‐agent Hidden Markov energy management model is proposed in this paper to safeguard the privacy of consumers. First, a weighted Bayesian risk model is proposed, which combines privacy leakage risks and energy storage system (ESS) losses in a microgrid with multiple agents. Next, a three‐loop model for lithium batteries is constructed to quantify the capacity degradation and cost issues of the ESS. Finally, the multi‐objective optimization problem is resolved by integrating the Bayesian risk model with a hidden Markov model to simulate attackers. The proposed multi‐agent Markov decision process method is validated on Electricity Consumption and Occupancy (ECO) dataset, and control strategies are evaluated based on different weights in the Bayesian risk model. The results demonstrate that by incorporating the multi‐agent approach and energy storage system capacity degradation into the privacy protection strategy, the lifespan of the energy storage system can be significantly increased. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The performance of a stirred bioreactor was evaluated in this study in terms of the bubble hydrodynamics and the mass transfer efficiency, using a non‐viscous Newtonian fluid of water, a viscous non‐Newtonian fluid of xanthan, and a viscous non‐Newtonian fluids of xanthan with dispersed soybean powder, respectively. The computational fluid dynamics–population balance model (CFD‐PBM) method coupled with the viscosity model and the mass transfer model is established to simulate the gas–liquid mass transfer process and bubble size distribution in the stirred bioreactor. The results demonstrate that the rheological properties of the fluid play an important role in determining the gas holdup, the mass transfer efficiency, and the bubble size distribution. Viscosity of the fluid exhibits a negative impact on gas–liquid mass transfer rate and gas holdup. Moreover, by properly adjusting the operating conditions such as the stirrer speed, it is possible to modulate the gas dispersion and mass transfer rate in the reactor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Comprehensive Summary: Electrocatalysis technology can effectively promote the hydrodechlorination of chloramphenicol (CAP) to reduce the bio‐toxicity. However, there are still some challenges such as low degradation rate and poor stability. Here, we prepared porous N, O co‐doped carbon supported Pd nanoparticles composites (Pd NPs/NO‐C) for electrocatalytic degradation of CAP. The doping of N and O not only effectively enhanced the interaction between substrate and CAP, promoting the mass transfer process, but also enhanced the anchoring effect on Pd nanoparticles, avoiding the occurrence of aggregation. The prepared composites achieved removal efficiency of CAP over 99% within 1 h, and the rate constant was as high as 6.72 h–1, outperforming previous reported electrocatalysts. Additionally, Pd NPs/NO‐C composites showed a wide range of pH tolerance, excellent ion interference resistance and long‐term stability. Our work unravels the importance of mass transfer processes in solution to electrocatalytic hydrodechlorination and provides new research ideas for catalysts design. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The increasing demand for portable and flexible energy storage devices drives the rapid development of flexible electrodes and electrolytes. Meanwhile, the free‐standing polymer electrodes face great chance and challenge. In this work, the stretchable and flexible polyaniline/carbon nanotube/poly(vinyl alcohol) electrode (PANI/CNT/PVA‐E) was fabricated by in‐situ polymerization of aniline in CNT/PVA‐E substrate, where CNT was used to enhance the conductivity and mechanical properties of the polymer electrodes. Compared with PANI/PVA, the comprehensive performance of PANI/CNT/PVA‐E was improved. In addition, the electrochemical performance and tensile property of the electrodes depended on the CNT content. The nanocomposite electrode with 0.25% of CNT possessed optimal properties with high capacitance of 248.69 mF cm−2, and 75.29% of capacity retention over 4000 charge–discharge cycles at 1 mA cm−2. It also exhibited outstanding tensile strength of 3.88 MPa and elongation up to 462.3%. Interestingly, the electrode possessed good heat driven shape memory effect. The temporary shape could be fixed at 70°C under extra force, and the fixed shape recovered within 10 s when it was reheated to the same temperature. It is concluded that the present work may contribute to the development and fabrication of flexible energy‐storage devices, portable and highly stretchable electric devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of catalysts composed of single atoms is crucial for enhancing the performance of oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). However, the unsatisfactory intrinsic activity of these catalysts still poses a major challenge, limiting their overall effectiveness. One approach to addressing this challenge is the introduction of metal clusters, which can form a synergistic effect with the single atoms, ultimately improving their performance. In this study, core‐shell structured carbon polymer is constructed with Zn atoms and Sn nanoclusters by directly subjecting pyrolysis of the covalent organic polymer (COP) and metal organic framework (MOF) (COP@MOF). The thin COP shell serves a dual purpose: it prevents the collapse and aggregation of zeolitic imidazolate framework‐8 (ZIF‐8) and promotes the formation of mesopores, facilitating mass transport and enhancing the graphitization degree to improve conductivity. The resulting Sn‐COP@MOF800 exhibits promising catalytic performance in the ORR, demonstrating a half‐wave potential of 0.81 V and current density of 5.56 mA cm−2 in 0.1 m KOH, which is comparable to that of Pt/C. This study provides new ideas for exploring the application of metal single atoms and metal nanoclusters in ORR catalysis through synergistic effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To address the variable initial state and trail length this paper first presents a robust PD‐type open‐closed‐loop iterative learning control (ILC) law for a multiple‐input‐multiple‐output (MIMO) linear discrete‐time system. It is demonstrated that the convergence condition is dependent on the PD‐type feed‐forward learning gains, while an appropriate feedback learning gain can improve the ILC convergence performance. As a special case of PD‐type open‐closed‐loop ILC law, P‐type and D‐type open‐closed‐loop ILC laws are deduced. The three developed ILC laws ensure that as the number of iterations approaches infinity, the expectation of ILC tracking error will be constrained within a limited range, where the boundary is proportional to the initial state variation. Through a numerical simulation, the effectiveness of the proposed ILC laws is illustrated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pathological cardiac hypertrophy, a common feature in various cardiovascular diseases, can be more effectively managed through combination therapies using natural compounds. Harmine, a β‐carboline alkaloid found in plants, possesses numerous pharmacological functions, including alleviating cardiac hypertrophy. Similarly, Selenomethionine (SE), a primary organic selenium source, has been shown to mitigate cardiac autophagy and alleviate injury. To explores the therapeutic potential of combining Harmine with SE to treat cardiac hypertrophy. The synergistic effects of SE and harmine against cardiac hypertrophy were assessed in vitro with angiotensin II (AngII)‐induced hypertrophy and in vivo using a Myh6R404Q mouse model. Co‐administration of SE and harmine significantly reduced hypertrophy‐related markers, outperforming monotherapies. Transcriptomic and metabolic profiling revealed substantial alterations in key metabolic and signalling pathways, particularly those involved in energy metabolism. Notably, the combination therapy led to a marked reduction in the activity of key glycolytic enzymes. Importantly, the addition of the glycolysis inhibitor 2‐deoxy‐D‐glucose (2‐DG) did not further potentiate these effects, suggesting that the antihypertrophic action is predominantly mediated through glycolytic inhibition. These findings highlight the potential of SE and harmine as a promising combination therapy for the treatment of cardiac hypertrophy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Precise identification of glioblastoma (GBM) microinfiltration, which is essential for achieving complete resection, remains an enormous challenge in clinical practice. Here, the study demonstrates that Raman spectroscopy effectively identifies GBM microinfiltration with cellular resolution in clinical specimens. The spectral differences between infiltrative lesions and normal brain tissues are attributed to phospholipids, nucleic acids, amino acids, and unsaturated fatty acids. These biochemical metabolites identified by Raman spectroscopy are further confirmed by spatial metabolomics. Based on differential spectra, Raman imaging resolves important morphological information relevant to GBM lesions in a label‐free manner. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) for Raman spectroscopy combined with machine learning in detecting infiltrative lesions exceeds 95%. Most importantly, the cancer cell threshold identified by Raman spectroscopy is as low as 3 human GBM cells per 0.01 mm2. Raman spectroscopy enables the detection of previously undetectable diffusely infiltrative cancer cells, which holds potential value in guiding complete tumor resection in GBM patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To explore the chirality induction and switching of topological chirality, poly[2]catenanes composed of helical poly(phenylacetylenes) (PPAs) main chain and topologically chiral [2]catenane pendants are described for the first time. These poly[2]catenanes with optically active [2]catenanes on side chains were synthesized by polymerization of enantiomerically pure topologically chiral [2]catenanes with ethynyl polymerization site and/or point chiral moiety. The chirality information of [2]catenane pendants was successfully transferred to the main chain of polyene backbones, leading to preferred‐handed helical conformations, while the introduction of point chiral units has negligible effect on the overall helices. More interestingly, attributed to unique dynamic feature of the [2]catenane pendants, these polymers revealed dynamic response behaviors to solvents, temperature, and sodium ions, resulting in the fully reversible switching on/off of the chirality induction. This work provides not only new design strategy for novel chiroptical switches with topologically chiral molecules but also novel platforms for the development of smart chiral materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are an emerging crystalline polymer that is constructed by the organic blocks through reversible polymerization. In this review, we have summarized the strategies for designing covalent organic frameworks for the oxygen reduction reaction. The discussion involved the new structural design of COFs and modifications fitting to the applications. Active sites manipulated scale from the single atom's electron states to the body framework arrangements. This review has anticipated the researchers to enlighten new ORR catalyst designing and optimization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Integrated multimodal imaging in theranostics nanomaterials offers extensive prospects for precise and noninvasive cancer treatment. Precisely controlling the structural evolution of plasmonic nanoparticles is crucial in the development of photothermal agents. However, previous successes have been limited to static assemblies and single‐component structures. Here, an activatable plasmonic theranostics system utilizing self‐assembled 1D silver‐coated gold nanochains (1D nanochains) is presented for precise tumor diagnosis and effective treatment. The absorbance of the adaptable core–shell chain structure can shift from visible to near‐infrared (NIR) regions due to the fusion between nearby Au@Ag nanoparticles induced by elevated H2O2 levels in the tumor microenvironment (TME), resulting in the creation of a novel 3D aggregates with strong NIR absorption. With a high photothermal conversion efficiency of 60.2% at 808 nm, nanochains utilizing the TME‐activated characteristics show remarkable qualities for photoacoustic imaging and significantly limit tumor growth in vivo. This study may pave the way for precise tumor diagnosis and treatment through customizable, optically tunable adaptive plasmonic nanostructures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, a launching system with a novel charge structure was proposed to improve the interior ballistic performance. According to the working characteristics of the novel launching system, a lumped‐parameter model was established. The parameters of the propellant and the interior ballistic characteristics of the launching system were obtained by experiments. According to the experimental results, the accuracy of the lumped‐parameter model was verified by code. The simulated results were in good agreement with the experimental results. Based on the lumped‐parameter model, the propellant parameters, such as the impetus, the burning rate, the web thickness, and the charge mass, were investigated to understand the interior ballistic performances of the launching system. An optimization method was proposed to design the propellant parameters of the launching system. The results show that the optimal scheme can increase the velocity of the projectile by 9.54 %. Compared with the traditional launching method, the velocity of the projectile is increased by 37.09 % while the peak pressure in the barrel has no change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

SUMMARY: Plant stems constitute the most abundant renewable resource on earth. The function of lysine (K)‐2‐hydroxyisobutyrylation (Khib), a novel post‐translational modification (PTM), has not yet been elucidated in plant stem development. Here, by assessing typical pepper genotypes with straight stem (SS) and prostrate stem (PS), we report the first large‐scale proteomics analysis for protein Khib to date. Khib‐modifications influenced central metabolic processes involved in stem development, such as glycolysis/gluconeogenesis and protein translation. The high Khib level regulated gene expression and protein accumulation associated with cell wall formation in the pepper stem. Specially, we found that CaMYB61 knockdown lines that exhibited prostrate stem phenotypes had high Khib levels. Most histone deacetylases (HDACs, e.g., switch‐independent 3 associated polypeptide function related 1, AFR1) potentially function as the "erasing enzymes" involved in reversing Khib level. CaMYB61 positively regulated CaAFR1 expression to erase Khib and promote cellulose and hemicellulose accumulation in the stem. Therefore, we propose a bidirectional regulation hypothesis of "Khib modifications" and "Khib erasing" in stem development, and reveal a novel epigenetic regulatory network in which the CaMYB61‐CaAFR1 molecular module participating in the regulation of Khib levels and biosynthesis of cellulose and hemicellulose for the first time. Significance Statement: Plant stems constitute the most abundant renewable resource on earth. The function of lysine (K)‐2‐hydroxyisobutyrylation (Khib), a novel post‐translational modification (PTM), has not yet been elucidated in plant stem development. Here, we report the largest‐scale proteomics analysis for protein Khib to date, and reveal a novel epigenetic regulatory network in which the CaMYB61‐CaAFR1 molecular module participating in the regulation of Khib levels and biosynthesis of cellulose and hemicellulose for the first time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Self‐powered pressure detection using smart wearable devices is the subject of intense research attention, which is intended to address the critical need for prolonged and uninterrupted operations. Current piezoelectric and triboelectric sensors well respond to dynamic stimuli while overlooking static stimuli. This study proposes a dual‐response potentiometric pressure sensor that responds to both dynamic and static stimuli. The proposed sensor utilizes interdigital electrodes with MnO2/carbon/polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) as the cathode and conductive silver paste as the anode. The electrolyte layer incorporates a mixed hydrogel of PVA and phosphoric acid. The optimized interdigital electrodes and sandpaper‐like microstructured surface of the hydrogel electrolyte contribute to enhanced performance by facilitating an increased contact area between the electrolyte and electrodes. The sensor features an open‐circuit voltage of 0.927 V, a short‐circuit current of 6 µA, a higher sensitivity of 14 mV/kPa, and outstanding cycling performance (>5000 cycles). It can accurately recognize letter writing and enable capacitor charging and LED lighting. Additionally, a data acquisition and display system employing the proposed sensor, which facilitates the monitoring of athletes' rehabilitation training, and machine learning algorithms that effectively guide rehabilitation actions are presented. This study offers novel solutions for the future development of smart wearable devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Photocatalytic oxygen reduction reactions and water oxidation reactions are extremely promising green approaches for massive H2O2 production. Nonetheless, constructing effective photocatalysts for H2O2 generation is critical and still challenging. Since the network topology has significant impacts on the electronic properties of two dimensional (2D) polymers, herein, for the first time, we regulated the H2O2 photosynthetic activity of 2D covalent organic frameworks (COFs) by topology. Through designing the linking sites of the monomers, we synthesized a pair of novel COFs with similar chemical components on the backbones but distinct topologies. Without sacrificial agents, TBD‐COF with cpt topology exhibited superior H2O2 photoproduction performance (6085 and 5448 μmol g−1 h−1 in O2 and air) than TBC‐COF with hcb topology through the O2‐O2⋅−‐H2O2, O2‐O2⋅−‐O21‐H2O2, and H2O‐H2O2 three paths. Further experimental and theoretical investigations confirmed that during the H2O2 photosynthetic process, the charge carrier separation efficiency, O2⋅− generation and conversion, and the energy barrier of the rate determination steps in the three channels, related to the formation of *OOH, *O21, and *OH, can be well tuned by the topology of COFs. The current study enlightens the fabrication of high‐performance photocatalysts for H2O2 production by topological structure modulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The ion extraction and electro/photo catalysis are promising methods to address environmental and energy issues. Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are a class of promising template to construct absorbents and catalysts because of their stable frameworks, high surface areas, controllable pore environments, and well‐defined catalytic sites. Among them, ionic COFs as unique class of crystalline porous materials, with charges in the frameworks or along the pore walls, have shown different properties and resulting performance in these applications with those from charge‐neutral COFs. In this review, current research progress based on the ionic COFs for ion extraction and energy conversion, including cationic/anionic materials and electro/photo catalysis is reviewed in terms of the synthesis strategy, modification methods, mechanisms of adsorption and catalysis, as well as applications. Finally, we demonstrated the current challenges and future development of ionic COFs in design strategies and applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The catalytic performance for electrocatalytic CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) depends on the binding strength of the reactants and intermediates. Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) have been adopted to catalyze CO2RR, and their binding abilities are tuned via constructing donor‐acceptor (DA) systems. However, most DA COFs have single donor and acceptor units, which caused wide‐range but lacking accuracy in modulating the binding strength of intermediates. More elaborate regulation of the interactions with intermediates are necessary and challenge to construct high‐efficiency catalysts. Herein, the three‐component COF with D‐A‐A units was first constructed by introducing electron‐rich diarylamine unit, electron‐deficient benzothiazole and Co‐porphyrin units. Compared with two‐component COFs, the designed COF exhibit elevated electronic conductivity, enhanced reducibility, high efficiency charge transfer, further improving the electrocatalytic CO2RR performance with the faradic efficiency of 97.2 % at −0.8 V and high activity with the partial current density of 27.85 mA cm−2 at −1.0 V which exceed other two‐component COFs. Theoretical calculations demonstrate that catalytic sites in three‐component COF have suitable binding ability of the intermediates, which are benefit for formation of *COOH and desorption of *CO. This work offers valuable insights for the advancement of multi‐component COFs, enabling modulated charge transfer to improve the CO2RR activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) have been utilized as the ideal candidates to preciously construct electrocatalysts. However, the highly ordered degree of COFs renders the catalytic centers closely stacked, which limits the utilization efficiency of catalytic sites. Herein, we have first constructed dangling and staggered‐stacking aldehyde (–CHO) from [4 + 3] COFs as catalytic centers for 2e− oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). The new catalytic COFs have unreacted dangling ‐CHO out of the COFs' planes, which are more easily exposed in electrolytes than the sites in the frameworks. More importantly, these –CHO adopt staggered stacking models, and thus provide larger space for mass transport than those with eclipsed stacking models. In addition, by tuning the triratopic linkers in the COFs, the catalytic properties are well modulated. The optimized COF shows high selectivity and activity for 2e− ORR, with H2O2 selectivity of 91%, and mass activity of 12.2 A g−1, respectively. The theoretical calculation further reveals the higher activity for the pyridine‐contained B18C6‐PTTA‐COF due to the promoted binding ability of the intermediate OOH* at the carbon in dangling –CHO. This work provides us with a new insight into designing electrocatalysts based on COFs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Binding water molecules to polar sites in covalent organic frameworks (COFs) is inevitable, but the corresponding solvent effects in electrocatalytic process have been largely overlooked. Herein, we investigate the solvent effects on COFs for catalyzing the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). Our designed COFs incorporated different kinds of nitrogen atoms (imine N, pyridine N, and phenazine N), enabling tunable interactions with water molecules. These interactions play a crucial role in modulating electronic states and altering the catalytic centers within the COFs. Among the synthesized COFs, the one with pyridine N atoms exhibits the highest activity, with characterized by a half‐wave potential of 0.78 V and a mass activity of 0.32 A mg−1, which surpass those from other metal‐free COFs. Theoretical calculations further reveal that the enhanced activity can be attributed to the stronger binding ability of *OOH intermediates to the carbon atoms adjacent to the pyridine N sites. This work sheds light on the significance of considering solvent effects on COFs in electrocatalytic systems, providing valuable insights into their design and optimization for improved performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aiming at the construction of novel stimuli‐responsive fluorescent system with precisely tunable emissions, the typical 9,14‐diphenyl‐9,14‐dihydrodibenzo[a, c]phenazine (DPAC) luminogen with attractive vibration‐induced emission (VIE) behavior has been introduced into [2]rotaxane as a stopper. Taking advantage of their unique dual stimuli‐responsiveness towards solvent and anion, the resultant [2]rotaxanes reveal both tunable VIE and switchable circularly polarized luminescence (CPL). Attributed to the formation of mechanical bonds, DPAC‐functionalized [2]rotaxanes display interesting VIE behaviors including white‐light emission upon the addition of viscous solvent, as evaluated in detail by femtosecond transient absorption (TA) spectra. In addition, ascribed to the regulation of chirality information transmission through anion‐induced motions of chiral wheel, the resolved chiral [2]rotaxanes reveal unique switchable CPL upon the addition of anion, leading to significant increase in the dissymmetry factors (glum) values with excellent reversibility. Interestingly, upon doping the chiral [2]rotaxanes in stretchable polymer, the blend films reveal remarkable emission change from white light to light blue with significant 6.5‐fold increase in glum values up to −0.035 under external tensile stresses. This work provides not only a new design strategy for developing molecular systems with fluorescent tunability but also a novel platform for the construction of smart chiral luminescent materials for practical use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Weak adsorption of gas reactants and strong binding of intermediates present a significant challenge for most transition metal oxides, particularly in the realm of CO2 photoreduction. Herein, we demonstrate that the adsorption can be fine‐tuned by phase engineering of oxide catalysts. An oxygen vacancy mediated topological phase transition in Ni‐Co oxide nanowires, supported on a hierarchical graphene aerogel (GA), is observed from a spinel phase to a rock‐salt phase. Such in situ phase transition empowers the Ni‐Co oxide catalyst with a strong internal electric field and the attainment of abundant oxygen vacancies. Among a series of catalysts, the in situ transformed spinel/rock‐salt heterojunction supported on GA stands out for an exceptional photocatalytic CO2 reduction activity and selectivity, yielding an impressive CO production rate of 12.5 mmol g−1 h−1 and high selectivity of 96.5 %. This remarkable performance is a result of the robust interfacial coupling between two topological phases that optimizes the electronic structures through directional charge transfer across interfaces. The phase transition process induces more Co2+ in octahedral site, which can effectively enhance the Co‐O covalency. This synergistic effect balances the surface activation of CO2 molecules and desorption of reaction intermediates, thereby lowering the energetic barrier of the rate‐limiting step. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Several observational studies have reported an association between obesity and primary liver cancer (PLC), while the causality behind this association and the comparison of the risk effects of different obesity indicators on PLC remain unclear. In this study, we performed two‐sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses to assess the associations of genetically determined liver fat, visceral adipose tissue (VAT), and body mass index (BMI) with the risk of PLC. The summary statistics of exposures were obtained from two genome‐wide association studies (GWASs) based on the UK Biobank (UKB) imaging cohort and the Genetic Epidemiology Research on Adult Health and Aging (GERA) cohort. GWAS summary statistics for PLC were obtained from FinnGen consortium R7 release data, including 304 PLC cases and 218 488 controls. Inverse‐variance weighted (IVW) was used as the primary analysis, and a series of sensitivity analyses were performed to further verify the robustness of these findings. IVW analysis highlighted a significant association of genetically determined liver fat (OR per SD increase: 7.14; 95% CI: 5.10‐9.99; P = 2.35E‐30) and VAT (OR per SD increase: 5.70; 95% CI: 1.32‐24.72; P =.020) with PLC but not of BMI with PLC. The findings were further confirmed by a series of MR methods. No evidence of horizontal pleiotropy between these associations existed. Our study suggested that genetically determined liver fat and VAT rather than BMI were associated with an increased risk of PLC, which suggested that visceral fat distribution is more predictive of the clinical risk of PLC than common in vitro measures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) have been utilized for catalyzing the reduction of carbon dioxide (CO2RR) due to their atomic metal centers and controllable pore channels, which are facilitated by different covalent bonds. However, the exploration of boron‐based linkages in these catalytic COFs has been limited owing to potential instability. Herein, we present the construction of boronic ester‐linked COFs through nucleophilic substitution reactions in order to catalyze the CO2RR. The inclusion of abundant fluorine atoms within the frameworks enhances their hydrophobicity and subsequently improves water tolerance and chemical stability of COFs. The content of boron atoms in the COF linkages was carefully controlled, with COFs featuring a higher density of boron atoms exhibiting increased electronic conductivity, enhanced reductive ability, and stronger binding affinity towards CO2. Consequently, these COFs demonstrate improved activity and selectivity. The optimized COFs achieve the highest activity, achieving a turnover frequency of 1695.3 h−1 and a CO selectivity of 95.0 % at −0.9 V. Operando synchrotron radiation measurements confirm the stability of Co (II) atoms as catalytically active sites. By successfully constructing boronic ester‐linked COFs, we not only address potential instability concerns but also achieve exceptional catalytic performance for CO2RR. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is the key reaction in metal air and fuel cells. Among the catalysts that promote ORR, carbon‐based metal‐free catalysts are getting more attention because of their maximum atom utilization, effective active sites and satisfactory catalytic activity and stability. However, the pyrolysis synthesis of these carbons resulted in disordered porosities and uncontrolled catalytic sites, which hindered us in realizing the catalysts' design, the optimization of catalyst performance and the elucidation of structure–property relationship at the molecular level. Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) constructed with designable building blocks have been employed as metal‐free electrocatalysts for the ORR due to their controlled skeletons, tailored pores size and environments, as well as well‐defined location and kinds of catalytic sites. In this Concept article, the development of metal‐free COFs for the ORR is summarized, and different strategies including skeletons regulation, linkages engineering and edge‐sites modulation to improve the catalytic selectivity and activity are discussed. Furthermore, this Concept provides prospectives for designing and constructing powerful electrocatalysts based on the catalytic COFs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) have attracted considerable attention as adsorbents for capturing and separating gold from electronic wastes. To enhance the binding capture efficiency, constructing hydrogen‐bond nanotraps along the pore walls was one of the most widely adopted approaches. However, the development of absorbing skeletons was ignored due to the weak binding ability of the gold salts (Au). Herein, we demonstrated skeleton engineering to construct highly efficiently absorbs for Au capture. The strong electronic donating feature of diarylamine units enhanced the electronic density of binding sites (imine‐linkage) and thus resulted in high capacities over 1750 mg g−1 for all three COFs. Moreover, the absorbing performance was further improved via the ionization of diarylamine units. The ionic COF achieved 90 % of the maximal adsorption capacity, 1.63 times of that from the charge‐neutral COF within ten minutes, and showed remarkable uptakes of 1834 mg g−1, exceptional selectivity (97.45 %) and cycling stability. The theoretical calculation revealed the binding sites altering from imine bonds to ionic amine sites after ionization of the frameworks, which enabled to bind the AuCl4− via coulomb force and contributed to enhanced absorbing kinetics. This work inspires us to design molecular/ionic capture based on COFs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, the short video industry is booming. However, there are still many difficulties in the action generation of virtual characters. We observed that on the short video social platform, "hand gesture dance" is a very popular short video form. However, its development is limited by the professionalism of choreography. In order to solve these problems, we propose an intelligent choreography framework, which can generate new gesture sequences for unseen audio based on pairing data in the database. Our framework adopts multimodal method and obtains excellent results. In additional, we collected and produced the first and largest pair labeled hand gesture dance data set. Various experiments showed that our results not only generate smooth and rich action sequences, but also collect some semantic information contained in the audio. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Ribosome biogenesis protein BRX1 homolog (BRIX1) is critically required for the synthesis of the 60S ribosome subunit. However, the role and mechanism of BRIX1 in colorectal cancer (CRC) remain unclear. Methods: Kyoto Encyclopedia of Gene and Genome pathway and Gene Ontology analyses were used for bioinformatics analysis. The rRNA levels were detected in CRC tissues and cells. Nascent RNA synthesis was detected via cellular immunofluorescence. The correlation was analyzed between patient Positron Emission Tomography‐Computed Tomography (PET–CT) values and their BRIX1 expression. The extracellular acidification rate (ECAR) and oxygen consumption rate were determined via live metabolic analyses. Polysome fractions were collected for BRIX1 mRNA used in translation. The orthotopic model and Cell Counting Kit‐8 (CCK8) assay were used to assess BRIX1 function in CRC. Results: BRIX1 is a core protein involved in ribosome‐related pathway changes in CRC. Gene Ontology analysis showed that BRIX1 was primarily enriched in ribosome assembly and ribosome biogenesis pathways. In fresh CRC tissue, rRNA levels (5S, 5.8S, 18S and 28S) were higher in the BRIX1 high‐expression group than in the BRIX1 low‐expression group. Similarly, BRIX1 knockdown significantly decreased rRNA levels for 5S, 5.8S, 18S and 28S in CRC cells, whereas overexpression of BRIX1 significantly increased these levels. In addition, BRIX1 knockdown inhibited nascent RNA synthesis in CRC cells. In clinical data analysis, BRIX1 expression was related to the glucose uptake in PET–CT. BRIX1 knockdown significantly decreased the ECAR value, glucose uptake and lactic acid production in CRC cells, whereas BRIX1 overexpression significantly increased these. Furthermore, BRIX1 knockdown significantly decreased the protein expression of GLUT1, whereas BRIX1 overexpression significantly increased this; however, expression of BRIX1 mRNA was unaffected in either case. Blocking glycolysis by si‐GLUT1 or galactose reversed BRIX1 promotion of glycolysis and cell proliferation in CRC cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ischemic stroke is an acute serious cerebrovascular disease with high mortality and disability. Ferroptosis is an important regulated cell death (RCD) in ischemic stroke. 15‐Hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (15‐PGDH), a degrading enzyme of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), is shown to regulate RCD such as autophagy and apoptosis. The study aimed to determine whether 15‐PGDH regulates ferroptosis and ischemic stroke, and further the exact mechanism. We demonstrated that overexpression of 15‐PGDH in the brain tissues or primary cultured neurons significantly aggravated cerebral injury and neural ferroptosis in ischemic stroke. While inhibition of 15‐PGDH significantly protected against cerebral injury and neural ferroptosis, which benefits arise from the activation of the PGE2/PGE2 receptor 4 (EP4) axis. While the impact of 15‐PGDH was abolished with glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) deficiency. Then, 15‐PGDH inhibitor was found to promote the activation of cAMP‐response element‐binding protein (CREB) and nuclear factor kappa‐B (NF‐κB) via the PGE2/EP4 axis, subsequently transcriptionally upregulate the expression of GPX4. In summary, our study indicates that inhibition of 15‐PGDH promotes the activation PGE2/EP4 axis, subsequently transcriptionally upregulates the expression of GPX4 via CREB and NF‐κB, and then protects neurons from ferroptosis and alleviates the ischemic stroke. Therefore, 15‐PGDH may be a potential therapeutic target for ischemic stroke. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Long noncoding RNA MYLK antisense RNA 1 (MYLK‐AS1) is the crux in multiple diseases. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the possible mechanism of MYLK‐AS1. A total of 62 colon cancer (CC) specimens and paired adjacent normal tissues were collected, and the expression of MYLK‐AS1, microRNA (miR)‐101‐5p/cell division cycle 42 (CDC42) was detected. CC cell lines were transfected with MYLK‐AS1, miR‐101‐5p, CDC42‐related plasmids, and the biological functions and markers of epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) were analyzed. The binding relationship between MYLK‐AS1, miR‐101‐5p, and CDC42 was evaluated. In CC tissues and cell lines, MYLK‐AS1 and CDC42 were highly expressed, and miR‐101‐5p was lowly expressed. Inhibition of MYLK‐AS1 or upregulation of miR‐101‐5p can inhibit CC cell growth and EMT. miR‐101‐5p inhibited CDC42/N‐wasp axis activation in CC cells by targeting CDC42. Knockdown of CDC42 or upregulation of miR‐101‐5p partially reversed the effects caused by upregulation of MYLK‐AS1. MYLK‐AS1, which is significantly upregulated in CC, may be a molecular sponge for miR‐101‐5p, and MYLK‐AS1 promotes the activation of the CDC42/N‐wasp axis in CC cells by targeting CDC42 through miR‐101‐5p, which in turn promotes tumor development. MYLK‐AS1 may be a potential biomarker and target for CC therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the emergence of the human pathogen Candida auris as a threat to human health, there is a strong demand to identify effective medicines to prevent the harm caused by such drug‐tolerant human fungi. Herein, a series of 33 new derivatives of bensulfuron methyl (BSM) were synthesized and characterized by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and HRMS. Among the target compounds, 8a possessed the best Ki value of 1.015 μM against C. auris acetohydroxyacid synthase (CauAHAS) and an MIC value of 6.25 μM against CBS10913, a clinically isolated strain of C. auris. Taken together the structures of BSM and the synthesized compounds, it was found that methoxy groups at both meta‐position of pyrimidine ring are likely to provide desirable antifungal activities. Quantum calculations and molecular dockings were performed to understand the structure–activity relationships. The present study has hence provided some interesting clues for the discovery of novel antibiotics with this distinct mode of action. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: Exercise training exerts protective effects against sepsis‐associated multiple organ dysfunction. This study aimed to investigate whether aerobic exercise protected against sepsis‐associated acute kidney injury (AKI) via modulating R‐spondin 3 (RSPO3) expression. Methods: To investigate the effects of aerobic exercise on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐induced AKI, LPS (20 mg/kg) was intraperitoneally injected after six weeks of treadmill training. To investigate the role of RSPO3 in LPS‐induced AKI, wild‐type (WT) or inducible endothelial cell‐specific RSPO3 knockout (RSPO3EC−/−) mice were intraperitoneally injected with 12 mg/kg LPS. RSPO3 was intraperitoneally injected 30 min before LPS treatment. Results: Aerobic exercise‐trained mice were more resistant to LPS‐induced body weight loss and hypothermia and had a significant higher survival rate than sedentary mice exposed to LPS. Exercise training restored the LPS‐induced decreases in serum and renal RSPO3 levels. Exercise or RSPO3 attenuated, whereas inducible endothelial cell‐specific RSPO3 knockout exacerbated LPS‐induced renal glycocalyx loss, endothelial hyperpermeability, inflammation, and AKI. Bioinformatics analysis results revealed significant increases in the expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in kidney tissues of mice exposed to sepsis or endotoxaemia, which was validated in renal tissue from LPS‐exposed mice and LPS‐treated human microvascular endothelial cells (HMVECs). Both RSPO3 and MMPs inhibitor restored LPS‐induced downregulation of tight junction protein, adherens junction protein, and glycocalyx components, thus ameliorating LPS‐induced endothelial leakage. Exercise or RSPO3 reversed LPS‐induced upregulation of MMPs in renal tissues. Conclusion: Increased renal expression of RSPO3 contributes to aerobic exercise‐induced protection against LPS‐induced renal endothelial hyperpermeability and AKI by suppressing MMPs‐mediated disruption of glycocalyx and tight and adherens junctions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In our previous work, we find that the ethylene glycol (EG) is transferred to amorphous carbon or graphene during sliding under the effect of the tribochemical reactions; herein, in this work, we control the concentration of the modified Al2O3 nanoparticles in the EG solution in order to modulate the tribological properties of the tribosystem sliding in the mixed lubricant consisting of the modified Al2O3 nanoparticles and EG. The tribological tests show that the concentrations of the modified Al2O3 nanoparticles ranging from 0 to 1.0 wt% in the mixed lubricant are helpful for obtaining low wear rate due to the formation of graphene‐like materials induced by tribochemical reactions. On the other hand, when the concentration reaches 1.5 wt.%, the tribosystem exhibits high coefficient of friction (COF) and wear rate, which is attributed to the formation of reunited groups consisting of the modified Al2O3 nanoparticles and graphene‐like materials. This investigation should give a positive guidance for the design of the mixed lubricant with excellent lubrication properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) have been developed as the precursors to construct porous carbons for electrocatalytic systems. However, the influences of carbon dimensions on the catalytic performance are still underexplored. In this work, we have first constructed COF‐derived carbons by template‐synthesis strategy in different dimensions to catalyze the carbon dioxide reduction (CO2RR). By using different templates, the one‐dimensional (1D), two‐dimensional (2D), and three‐dimensional (3D) COF‐derived carbons have been employed to anchor Co‐porphyrin to form the Co‐N5 sites to catalyze CO2RR. The 1D catalyst templated by carbon nano tubes presents high binding ability of CO2, more defective sites, and higher electronic conductivity, resulting in a higher catalytic activity for CO2 and selectivity of CO than 2D and 3D carbon‐based catalysts. The 1D catalyst delivers the turnover frequency values of 1150 h−1 and the FECO of 94.5% at 0.7 V versus RHE, which is significantly better than those of 2D and 3D carbon‐based catalysts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Low‐nuclear site catalysts with dual atoms have the potential for applications in energy and catalysis chemistry. Understanding the formation mechanism of dual metal sites is crucial for optimizing local structures and designing desired binuclear sites catalysts. In this study, we demonstrate for the first time the formation process of dual atoms through the pyrolysis of the interface of a double framework using Zn atoms in metal–organic frameworks and Co atoms in covalent organic frameworks. We unambiguously revealed that the cooling stage is the key point to form the binuclear sites by employing the in situ synchrotron radiation X‐ray absorption spectrum technique. The binuclear site catalysts show higher activity and selectivity than single dispersed atom catalysts for electrocatalytic oxygen reduction. This work guides us to synthesize and optimize the various binuclear sites for extensive catalytic applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Intention estimation has been widely studied in lane change scenarios, which explains a vehicle's behaviour and implies its future motion. However, in dense traffic, lane‐changing is more tactical and interactive. Due to the conflict between merging vehicles and adjacent vehicles, driving intentions become interdependent which fuses passing and yielding. In addition, lane change occurs without a fixed location. Drivers should be aware of each other's intentions along conflict process, and take instant responses. To address these challenges, this paper proposes semantic‐based interactive intention estimation (SIIE), to understand driving intentions during lane change conflict. The problem is addressed by combining driving semantics with probability inference model based on dynamic Bayesian network (DBN). Firstly, the DBN is modelled for the interaction process with Condition‐Intention‐Behaviour relationships. Secondly, the semantics are extracted from the lane change conflict and are inferred with observation methods. Thirdly, SIIE is trained and verified with real‐world driving data. The intention estimation results are demonstrated, and then utilized for multi‐modal motion identification and trajectory prediction. Lane change in dense traffic requires interactive cognition of driving intentions, the findings of this research shall inspire future studies into related scenarios, and promote interactive driving technologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]