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The development of multifunctional bio‐adhesive plays a critical role in achieving a sustainable society, where the intrinsic sensitivity to water and poor dynamics severely bottlenecks its scale‐up application. Inspired by the microstructure of dragonfly wings, a strong and tough adhesive with excellent reprocessability is designed and developed by creating a dynamic network consisting of a lignin polyurea (LPU) framework with soybean protein (SP). The LPU framework act as the rigid nervures to slow crack propagation and transfer stress, while the SP dissipate the strain energy through the interplay from the graded hydrogen and imine bonds generated between LPU and SP. The bio‐adhesive achieves significant enhancements in fracture toughness and water resistance by ≈7 and 23 folds, respectively, compared with SP. Furthermore, the capacity for diffusion and restoration of dynamic network endows the adhesive with superior reprocessability, enabling recycled particleboard to achieve high retention of modules (over 80%). This sustainable bio‐adhesive approach offers a promising eco‐friendly alternative to the conventional petrochemical adhesive. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Artificial compound eye (CE) draws inspiration from nature, offering advanced imaging capabilities and an expansive field of view. In this work, an innovative technique is developed for the creation of CE with tunable dimensions. A solution‐based process is employed that involves in situ polymerization of surface nanodroplets prior to soft lithography to produce CE consisting of millions of ommatidia. The fabricated CE comprised of a densely arranged array of microwells, each with a base radius of 5 µm. Situated on a millimeter‐sized spherical dome, the CE can be tailored to arbitrary dimensions, enhancing its adaptability with a wide angular field of view up to 118°. The CE is used to enhance signal detection in fluorescent compounds, reaching a detection limit of 107 times lower concentration than that without using CEs in bulk solution. The signal enhancement capabilities are further utilized for surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy by using a portable handheld device, with an enhancement factor of 2. The fabrication technique underscores the advantages of the approach in simplicity, reproducibility, and efficiency in creating CE. The potential applications of CE may be extended to various domains, such as optical sensing, light‐dependent signal enhancement, motion perception, and medical endoscopy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Grape peels, the main by‐products of wine processing, are rich in bioactive ingredients of phenolics, including proanthocyanidins, flavonoids and anthocyanins. Phenolics have the function of regulating intestinal microbiota and promoting intestinal health. From the perspective of the dietary nutrition of grape peel phenolics (GPP), the present study aimed to investigate the influence of GPP on the composition and metabolism of human gut microbiota during in vitro fermentation. RESULTS: The results indicated that GPP could decrease pH and promote the production of short‐chain fatty acids. ACE and Chao1 indices in GPP group were lower than that of the Blank group. GPP enhanced the levels of Lachnospiraceae UCG‐004, Bacteroidetes and Roseburia, but reduced the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Proteins and Genome enrichment pathways related to phenolic acid metabolism mainly included flavonoid, anthocyanin, flavone and flavonol biosynthesis. Gut microbiota could accelerate the release and breakdown of phenolic compounds, resulting in a decrease in the content of hesperetin‐7‐O‐glucoside, delphinidin‐3‐O‐glucoside and cyanidin‐3‐rutinoside etc. In vitro antibacterial test found that GPP increased the diameters of the inhibition zones of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus in a dose‐dependent manner. CONCLUSION: The results of the present study revealed that GPP might be a potential prebiotic‐like to prevent diseases by improving gut health. The findings could provide a theoretical basis for the potential to exploit GPP as dietary nutrition to maintain intestinal function. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The ability to transfer microdroplets between fluid phases offers numerous advantages in various fields. This study focuses on the stability and morphology of a sessile oil microdropletduring the transfer from underwater to air. A distinct transition in microdroplet dynamics is observed, characterized by a shift from a scenario dominated by Marangoni forces to one dominated by capillary forces. In the former regime, the oil microdroplets spread in response to the contact between the water‐air interface and the water‐oil interface. The spreading distance follows a power law relationship of t3/4, reflecting the balance between Marangoni forces and viscous forces. On the other hand, in the capillarity‐dominated regime, the oil microdroplets remain stable at the contact line and after being transferred into the air. The crossover between these two regimes is identified in the parameter space defined by three factors: the approaching velocity of the solid‐water‐air contact line (vcl), the radius of the oil microdroplet (ro), and the radius of the water drop (rw). Furthermore, how to use the four‐phase contact line for shaping oil microdroplets is demonstrated using a full liquid process by the contact line lithography. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Atomically distributed transition metal coordinated with nitrogen is considered as a class of promising oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) catalyst. However, the challenge of ineffective distribution of Fe‐Nx active sites have been long existing, leading to low active site density and unstable performance, which needs be overcome for next generation ORR electrocatalysts. Herein, yttrium (Y) is introduced into atomically dispersed iron (Fe) nitrogen co‐doped carbon materials to integrate nanoparticles, nanoclusters, and atomic sites, which endow the Fe‐N4‐Y2O3 and Fe4N0.94‐Y2O3 (FeY‐NC) with outstanding ORR activity. The FeY‐NC achieves half‐wave potential of 0.926 and 0.809 V in alkaline and acidic condition, respectively. The kinetics current density at 0.9 V in alkaline condition is 31.2 mA cm−2, which is 7.8 times of Fe‐NC and 32.4 times of Pt/C. This outstanding activity of FeY‐NC is enabled by the generated atomic FeN4 and Fe4N nanoparticles dual active‐sites, and further the synergistic effect between the Fe‐Nx/Fe4N0.94 with Y2O3 nanoclusters are loaded on nitrogen‐doped carbon (NC) network. The superior performance of FeY‐NC is demonstrated in a primary Zinc‐air battery, deliver a peak power density of 233 mW cm−2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, hydrophobic nano‐silica (SiO2) and β‐nucleating agent are incorporated into polypropylene random copolymer (PP‐R) matrix by melt blending. The effect of the content of nano‐SiO2/β‐nucleating agent on the crystallization and mechanical behaviors of PP‐R was investigated in detail. For a nano‐SiO2 content of 0.5 wt% and a β‐nucleating agent content of 0.5 wt%, the tensile strength and impact strength of the composite were in a more balanced position. Regarding isothermal and non‐isothermal crystallization experiments, nano‐SiO2/β‐nucleating agent significantly accelerated the nucleation and growth of crystallites with a synergistic nucleation effect. Also, the crystallization kinetics of PP‐R/nano‐SiO2/β‐nucleating agent, PP‐R/nano‐SiO2 and PP‐R/β‐nucleating agent composites were analyzed and compared using the Avrami equation. The results showed that the PP‐R/nano‐SiO2/β‐nucleating agent composites have better crystallization rate and shorter semi‐crystallization time. This study shows far‐reaching theoretical and practical implications for accelerating the development of new high‐performance PP‐R materials. © 2023 The Authors. Polymer International published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Industrial Chemistry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Solar‐driven water treatment suffers from low efficiency due to the solar energy loss during the energy conversion, especially in the scale‐up operation. One promising solution is using microlenses (MLs) to enhance the photodegradation of organic contaminants in water. However, most MLs fabrications apply to 2D planar surface only, which restricts their potential applications. In this study, a flexible and scalable technology is presented to fabricate MLs on curved surfaces. Precursor microdroplets form in a dilution process and are converted to MLs by photopolymerization. Optical simulations and experiments are combined to establish the correlation between optical properties of MLs and the performance of ML‐functionalized reactors in photodegradation. It is demonstrated that surface MLs on all‐shaped reactors significantly enhance the photodegradation efficiency of organic contaminants under simulated solar light or natural indoor light, with a maximum improvement of 83 folds. The surface coverage and size distribution of MLs can be adjusted by varying the solution concentration and the dilution rate when generating microdroplets. In addition, fabrication of MLs on a larger scale is achieved over an area up to 250 cm2 $\left(\text{cm}\right)^{2}$. MLs on 3‐dimensional curved surfaces fabricated by the technique enable significantly enhanced, highly customized, and sustainable solar‐driven water treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: This study aims to establish a population pharmacokinetic (PK) model of teicoplanin in Chinese adult patients to evaluate the dosing regimen in the label sheet and optimize it. Methods: Nonlinear mixed‐effects modelling was used to estimate PK parameters. Monte Carlo simulations were used to evaluate the attainment of various dosing regimens in achieving the target trough concentrations in patients with normal or decreased renal function. Results: A total of 115 patients were enrolled in this retrospective study. Creatinine clearance (CrCL) and albumin (ALB) were identified as covariates on the clearance of teicoplanin. For the treatment of non‐complicated methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections in patients with normal renal function and serum ALB concentration, the recommended dosing regimen was 600 mg q12h with five administrations as the loading dose followed by 600 mg qd as the maintenance dose; for the treatment of serious and/or complicated MRSA infections, the recommended dosing regimen was 800 mg q12h with five administrations as the loading dose followed by 800 mg qd as the maintenance dose. It is worth noting that both the loading and maintenance doses ought to be modified based on the patient's renal function and serum ALB concentration. In addition, trough concentrations of teicoplanin were significantly increased every other week. Conclusions: Both loading dosing and maintenance dosing regimens were recommended to be adjusted according to patient's renal function and serum ALB concentration. In addition, it is necessary to perform follow‐up therapeutic drug monitoring of teicoplanin at least once every week. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to explore the mechanism by which postembryonic renal ADAMTS18 methylation influences obstructive renal fibrosis in rats. After exposure to transforming growth factor (TGF)‐β1 during the embryonic period, analysis of postembryonic renal ADAMTS18 methylation and expression levels was conducted. Histological analysis was performed to assess embryonic kidney lesions and damage. Western blot analysis was used to determine the expression of renal fibrosis markers. Rats with ureteral obstruction and a healthy control group were selected. The methylation levels of ADAMTS18 in the different groups were analyzed. Western blot analysis and immunohistochemistry were performed to analyze the expression of renal fibrosis markers, and kidney‐related indicators were measured. Treatment with TGF‐β1 resulted in abnormal development of the postembryonic kidney, which was characterized by rough kidney surfaces with mild depressions and irregularities on the outer surface. TGF‐β1 treatment significantly promoted ADAMTS18 methylation and activated the protein kinase B (AKT)/Notch pathway. Ureteral obstruction was induced to establish a renal hydronephrosis model, which led to renal fibrotic injury in newborn rats. Overexpression of the ADAMTS18 gene alleviated renal fibrosis. The western blot results showed that compared to that in the control group, the expression of renal fibrosis markers was significantly decreased after ADAMTS18 overexpression, and there was a thicker renal parenchymal tissue layer and significantly reduced p‐AKT/AKT and Notch1 levels. TGF‐β1 can induce ADAMTS18 gene methylation in the postembryonic kidney, and the resulting downregulation of ADAMTS18 expression has long‐term effects on kidney development, potentially leading to increased susceptibility to obstructive renal fibrosis. This mechanism may involve activation of the AKT/Notch pathway. Reversing ADAMTS18 gene methylation may reverse this process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to the increasing global energy demands, scarce fossil fuel supplies, and environmental issues, the pursued goals of energy technologies are being sustainable, more efficient, accessible, and produce near zero greenhouse gas emissions. Electrochemical water splitting is considered as a highly viable and eco‐friendly energy technology. Further, electrochemical carbon dioxide (CO2) reduction reaction (CO2RR) is a cleaner strategy for CO2 utilization and conversion to stable energy (fuels). One of the critical issues in these cleaner technologies is the development of efficient and economical electrocatalyst. Among various materials, metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) are becoming increasingly popular because of their structural tunability, such as pre‐ and post‐ synthetic modifications, flexibility in ligand design and its functional groups, and incorporation of different metal nodes, that allows for the design of suitable MOFs with desired quality required for each process. In this review, the design of MOF was discussed for specific process together with different synthetic methods and their effects on the MOF properties. The MOFs as electrocatalysts were highlighted with their performances from the aspects of hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), oxygen evolution reaction (OER), and electrochemical CO2RR. Finally, the challenges and opportunities in this field are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Na2FePO4F, an iron‐based fluorophosphate with facile 2D sodium ion channels, is considered as a promising cathode material for sodium‐ion batteries because of low cost, resource abundance, and nontoxicity. However, its application is considerably restricted by the limited intrinsic electronic conductivity and specific capacity. Herein, a doping strategy represented by Cu2+ is proposed to boost the electrochemical performance, attributed to the derivation of a new active Na3 site originated from the inert Na1 site and the band gap reduction due to the d‐orbital hybridization. Consequently, the as‐obtained Na2Fe0.95Cu0.05PO4F/C composite can deliver an excellent rate capacity of 74 mAh g⁻1 at 20 C and a decent specific capacity of 119 mAh g⁻1 at 0.1 C, which is superior to the previously reported Na2FePO4F‐based cathode materials. This study sheds new light on developing high performance fluorophosphates cathode materials via regulating the Na site and electronic structure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The modified waterborne acrylic resin was synthesized successfully by emulsion polymerization with octafluoropentyl methacrylate and phosphate functional monomer as monomers, showing an improved anti‐corrosion performance of the resin coating. The existence and general distribution of the elements of the modified monomer in the emulsion were explored, and the anti‐corrosion mechanism was disclosed. The results show that the modification of octafluoropentyl methacrylate and phosphate functional monomers improved the water resistance, corrosion resistance and thermal stability of acrylic resins. Compared with unmodified acrylic resin, the contact angle of the modified resin was increased from 74.23° to 83.51°, and the initial decomposition temperature was increased from 264 to 305 °C. At the same time, the corrosion voltage of the modified resin was increased, the corrosion current density was decreased, and the salt spray resistance was improved. This study provides a new way for the preparation of environmentally friendly, stable, and corrosion‐resistant waterborne acrylic resins. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently, the need for miniaturization and high integration have steered a strong technical wave in developing (micro‐)electronic devices. However, excessive amounts of heat may be generated during operation/charging, severely affecting device performance and leading to life/property loss. Benefiting from their low density, easy processing and low manufacturing cost, thermally conductive polymer composites have become a research hotspot to mitigate the disadvantage of excessive heat, with potential applications in 5G communication, electronic packaging and energy transmission. By far, the reported thermal conductivity coefficient (λ) of thermally conductive polymer composite is far from expectation. Deeper understanding of heat transfer mechanism is desired for developing next generation thermally conductive composites. This review holistically scopes current advances in this field, while giving special attention to critical factors that affect thermal conductivity in polymer composites as well as the thermal conduction mechanisms on how to enhance the λ value. This review covers critical factors such as interfacial thermal resistance, chain structure of polymer, intrinsic λ value of different thermally conductive fillers, orientation/configuration of nanoparticles, 3D interconnected networks, processing technology, etc. The applications of thermally conductive polymer composites in electronic devices are summarized. The existing problems are also discussed, new challenges and opportunities are prospected. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A seamless and tough interface to integrate incompatible/immiscible soft materials is highly desired for flexible/wearable electronics and many soft devices with multi‐layer structures. Here, a surfactant‐mediated interfacial chemistry is introduced to achieve seamless and tough interfaces in soft multi‐layer structures, with an ultra‐high interfacial toughness up to ≈1300 J m−2 for the architectural gel hybrid (AGH). The reversible noncovalent interfacial interactions efficiently dissipate energy at the interface, thereby providing excellent durability. The interfacial toughness only decreases by ≈6.9% after 10 000 tensile cycles. This strategy can be universally applied to hybrid systems with various interfaces between an interior hydrogel (PAA, PVA, PAAm, and gelatin) and an exterior hydrophobic soft matter (ionogel, lipogel and elastomer). The AGH‐based mechano‐sensor presents high robustness and stability in a wide range of conditions, including open air, underwater, and various solvents and temperatures. Epidermal bio‐monitoring, tactile trajectory, and facial expression recognition are demonstrated using the AGH sensors in various environments. A rich set of electrophysiological signals of high quality are acquired. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High‐performance flexible strain sensors are gaining more and more attention with their bespoken detection range, excellent sensing performance, and good stability, which are highly desired in wearable electronics. Herein, a thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer (TPU) fibrous membrane is prepared as a flexible substrate by electrostatic spinning technology, then a coating of polydopamine is formed through fast synthesizing the dopamine on TPU fibrous membrane surface and loaded with carbon nanotubes (CNTs) to develop an extremely sensitive flexible strain sensor. The flexible sensor prepared by TPU fibrous membrane coated with polydopamine layer has an outstanding sensibility under the pulling force (Gauge Factor of 10 528.53 with 200% strain), rapid reaction time (188–221 ms), wide sensing range (up to 200%), good stability, and durability. The theoretical studies reveal the underlying cause for the high sensitivity and the inherent relationship between the amount of conducting routes and the length between adjacent conducting fillers in the sensor. The demonstration of the device shows a promising application to sense human motion at various locations of the body, with the accurate and stable electrical signal output generated at corresponding motion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to assess the risk factors for insufficient vancomycin concentrations for its prophylactic use in adult patients undergoing cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) and to modify the dosing regimen to achieve appropriate plasma concentrations. A total of 27 patients with vancomycin dosing of 1 to 1.5 g based on a weight cutoff of 67 kg were included, of which only 13 (48.15%) had vancomycin plasma concentration >15 mg/L at surgical closure. Risk factors of vancomycin concentration <15 mg/L at surgical‐site closure were confirmed by multivariate logistic regression analysis, which showed that CPB duration was an independent predictor. Patients with CPB duration >4 hours had significantly lower vancomycin concentrations and lower proportion in achieving target vancomycin concentration at the end of CPB and surgical closure. For patients with CPB >4 hours, the modified dosing regimen that a second dose of 0.5 to 0.75 g added at 4 hours since the onset of CPB improved the target achievement of vancomycin concentration at surgical closure. Taken together, CPB duration >4 hours was the risk factor for insufficient vancomycin concentration at surgical closure, while our modified dosing could improve the vancomycin concentrations for its prophylactic use in patients undergoing cardiac surgery with CPB. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently lead halide perovskite based solar cells have rapidly advanced and their power conversion efficiency (PCE) increased to 25.7%. The progress has been attributed to the super‐long carriers' lifetime (τ) and long diffusion length (LD) of the photocarriers, however it has been a challenge to precisely characterize and understand the super‐long τ and LD of photocarriers. Here, a MAPbI3 single crystal exhibits four different τ which increase with LD extending from nm scale to mm scale. The prior two lifetimes estimated by transient photoluminescence (TPL) spectra are in the range of ns which comes from the recombination of photocarriers in the tens of nm thick surface layer. In contrast, the third lifetime estimated by transient open‐circuit voltage is hundreds of µs, which is a result of the excess photocarriers diffusing hundreds of µm to electrodes. Finally, the fourth lifetime estimated from the transient photoconductance is as long as sub‐second since the low‐density photocarriers under an electric field drift across the mm‐scale high‐quality single crystal. This study not only clarifies the physical mechanisms of four different lifetimes of photocarriers but also facilitates the design of novel electronics with the halide perovskite semiconductors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Unlike bibenzyls derived from the vascular plants, lunularic acid (LA), a key precursor for macrocyclic bisbibenzyl synthesis in nonvascular liverworts, exhibits the absence of one hydroxy group within the A ring. It was hypothesized that both polyketide reductase (PKR) and stilbenecarboxylate synthase 1 (STCS1) were involved in the LA biosynthesis, but the underlined mechanisms have not been clarified.This study used bioinformatics analysis with molecular, biochemical and physiological approaches to characterize STCS1s and PKRs involved in the biosynthesis of LA.The results indicated that MpSTCS1s from Marchantia polymorpha catalyzed both C2→C7 aldol‐type and C6→C1 Claisen‐type cyclization using dihydro‐p‐coumaroyl‐coenzyme A (CoA) and malonyl‐CoA as substrates to yield a C6‐C2‐C6 skeleton of dihydro‐resveratrol following decarboxylation and the C6‐C3‐C6 type of phloretin in vitro. The protein–protein interaction of PKRs with STCS1 (PPI‐PS) was revealed and proved essential for LA accumulation when transiently co‐expressed in Nicotiana benthamiana. Moreover, replacement of the active domain of STCS1 with an 18‐amino‐acid fragment from the chalcone synthase led to the PPI‐PS greatly decreasing and diminishing the formation of LA. The replacement also increased the chalcone formation in STCS1s.Our results highlight a previously unrecognized PPI in planta that is indispensable for the formation of LA. See also the Commentary on this article by Davies & Andre, 237: 371–373. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Limited evidence supports the omission of routine bone marrow (BM) examination (biopsy and aspiration) in patients with nasal‐type extranodal NK/T‐cell lymphoma (ENKTCL). This study was aimed at assessing whether BM examination provides valuable information for positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT)–based staging in this patient population. Patients and Methods: Patients newly diagnosed with ENKTCL who underwent initial staging with both PET/CT and BM examination between 2013 and 2020 were retrospectively identified in two Chinese institutions. Overall, 742 patients were included; the BM examination was positive in 67 patients. Results: Compared with BM biopsy alone, the combination of BM biopsy and aspiration assessment did not afford any additional diagnostic value. No patient with a positive BM biopsy was found to have early‐stage disease by PET/CT. BM biopsy or PET/CT led to upstaging from stage III to IV as a result of BM involvement in 21 patients. In 135 patients with distant organ involvement, BM involvement was associated with worse overall survival (OS) and progression‐free survival (PFS) compared with the corresponding durations in patients without BM involvement (2‐year OS: 35.9% vs. 60.4%, p <.001; PFS: 26% vs. 40.7%, p =.003). No difference in survival was noted between groups judged positive based on PET/CT and BM biopsy. Conclusion: Compared with aspiration, BM biopsy led to the detection of more BM lesions. Baseline PET/CT can be safely used to exclude BM involvement in early‐stage disease. Overall, routine BM examination affords diagnostic or prognostic value over PET/CT in patients with advanced‐stage nasal‐type ENKTCL. Baseline positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) can be safely used to exclude bone marrow (BM) involvement in patients with early‐stage nasal‐type extranodal NK/T‐cell lymphoma (ENKTCL). Compared with PET/CT alone, routine BM examination can afford better diagnostic and prognostic value in advanced‐stage nasal‐type ENKTCL. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hydrogel bioadhesives have emerged as one of the most promising alternatives to sutures and staples for wound sealing and repairing, owing to their unique advantages in biocompatibility, mechanical compliance, and minimally invasive manipulation. However, only a few hydrogel bioadhesives have been successfully used for gastric perforation repair, due to their undesirable swelling when in direct contact with extremely acidic gastric fluids, and are thereby accompanied by a gradually deteriorating adhesion performance. Herein, an acid‐tolerant hydrogel (ATGel) bioadhesive is developed, which integrates two distinct components, an acid‐tolerant hydrogel substrate and an adhesive polymer brush layer. The ATGel bioadhesive can form instant, atraumatic, fluid‐tight, and sutureless sealing of gastric perforation, and enable robust biointerfaces in direct contact with gastric fluids, addressing the key limitations with sutures and commercially‐available tissue adhesives. Moreover, in vivo investigation on gastric perforation of rat model validates the proposed acid‐tolerant bioadhesion, and identifies the mechanisms for accelerated gastric perforation repair through alleviated inflammation, which suppresses fibrosis and enhances angiogenesis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

All‐solid‐state batteries (ASSBs) using sulfide electrolytes have attracted ever‐increasing interest due to high ionic conductivity of the sulfides. Nevertheless, a thin, strong solid‐state sulfide electrolyte membrane maintaining high ionic conductivity is highly desired for ASSBs. Here, a thin, flexible composite solid electrolyte membrane composed of argyrodite sulfide Li6PS5Cl and a polar poly(vinylidene fluoride‐co‐trifluoroethylene) (P(VDF‐TrFE)) framework is prepared via an electrospinning‐infiltration‐hot‐pressing method. The interaction between Li6PS5Cl and polar P(VDF‐TrFE) ensures a high lithium‐ion conductivity (≈1.2 mS cm–1) at room temperature and good mechanical ductility of the composite electrolyte membrane. The coin‐type ASSB cells with the thin composite electrolyte membrane, a composite cathode of LiNbO3‐coated LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 and Li6PS5Cl, and a lithium‐indium anode, show super cycling performance, and the capacity retention is 92% after 1000 cycles and 71% even after 20 000 cycles at 1.0 mA cm–2 (i.e., 1.61 C) at room temperature. Moreover, pouch‐type ASSB cells with a high mass loading of active materials are made to demonstrate the potential and feasibility in future commercial applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Limited therapeutic options exist for multidrug‐resistant/extensively drug‐resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (MDR/XDR‐Ab) meningitis/ventriculitis. A combination of intravenous and intraventricular (IVT)/intrathecal (IT) polymyxins achieves good therapeutic outcomes for cases of healthcare‐associated MDR/XDR‐Ab meningitis/ventriculitis. Colistin is commercially available as colistin sulphate and its sulphomethylated derivative. However, the effect and safety of colistin sulphate in the treatment of MDR/XDR‐Ab meningitis/ventriculitis has not been reported. We report on a 66‐year‐old male patient who developed post‐neurosurgical ventriculitis caused by MDR‐Ab. IVT concomitant intravenous colistin sulphate was used as a last‐resort antimicrobial therapy, the patient's ventriculitis was dramatically improved, and the concentrations of CSF colistin were higher than the MIC breakpoint throughout the treatment. Meanwhile, no nephrotoxicity or neurotoxicity was observed during the treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the key challenges in developing gel‐based electronics is to achieve a robust sensing performance, by overcoming the intrinsic weaknesses such as unwanted swelling induced deformation, signal distortion caused by dehydration, and large hysteresis in sensing signal. In this work, a structural gel composite (SGC) approach is presented by encapsulating the conductive hydrogel/MXene with a lipid gel (Lipogel) layer through an in situ polymerization. The hydrophobic Lipogel coating fulfills the SGC with a unique anti‐swelling property at an aqueous environment and excellent dehydration feature at an open‐air, thus leading to long‐term ultra‐stability (over 90 days) and durability (over 2000 testing cycles) for underwater mechanosensing applications. As a result, the SGC based mechanoreceptor demonstrates high and stable sensitivity (GF of 14.5). Moreover, several SGC based conceptual sensors with high sensitivity are developed to unveil their profound potential in underwater monitoring of human motions, waterproof anti‐counterfeiting application, and tactile trajectory tracking. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Carbon‐based single‐atom iron electrocatalysts with nitrogen coordination (CSAIN) have recently shown enormous promise to replace the costly Pt for boosting the cathodic oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in fuel cells. However, there remains a great challenge to achieve highly efficient CSAIN catalysts for the ORR in acidic electrolytes. Herein, a novel CSAIN catalyst is synthesized by pyrolyzing a precursor mixture consisting of metal–organic framework and conductive polymer hybrid. After pyrolysis at a high temperature, the CSAIN with a structure of carbon nanosheet supported polyhedral carbon is achieved, where the unique structure endows CSAIN with expediting electron transfer and mass transport, as well as largely exposed surface to host atomically dispersed iron active sites. As a result, the optimal CSAIN catalyst shows a high ORR activity with its half‐wave potential of 0.77 V (vs RHE) and a Tafel slope of 74.1 mV dec–1, which are comparable to that of commercial Pt/C catalyst (0.80 V and 81.9 mV dec–1). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: Data regarding clinical pharmacokinetic/toxicodynamic (PK/TD) of polymyxin B is short of direct quantitative data. This study aims to investigate the risk factors of polymyxin B associated acute kidney injury (AKI) and to assess the relationship between polymyxin B plasma levels and its nephrotoxicity. Methods: A retrospective study was performed in adult patients treated with polymyxin B. Risk factors associated with AKI and plasma trough concentrations of polymyxin B were identified via medical record review. A multivariate logistic regression model was established and the risk of polymyxin B‐associated AKI were predicted by a receiver operating characteristic curve, with maximal Youden index used to identify safety thresholds among the study population. Results: Fifty‐four adult patients were included in the study. AKI was detected in 14 patients during polymyxin B treatment (25.9%, 14 out of 54). Cmin (odds ratio [OR] 2.071; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.235–3.472) and baseline serum creatinine (OR 1.024; 95% CI 1.005–1.043) were significant independent risk factors for developing AKI. The area under the ROC curve of the combined predictor was larger based on the above factors. When the Youden index was at maximum, the optimal cut‐off point was 6.678 of the ROC curve. When Cmin ≥ 3.13 mg/L, the probability of AKI was more than 50%. Conclusion: In this study, when the calculated combined predictor value was >6.678, there was an increased risk of AKI. Maintaining a polymyxin B Cmin level below 3.13 mg/L may be helpful in reducing the incidence of polymyxin B associated nephrotoxicity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The pursuit for high‐energy and intrinsically safe energy storage is significantly driving the development of solid‐state alkali metal batteries. The interfacial contact between the metal anode and the solid electrolyte plays a key role in enabling stable cycling of solid batteries. However, the sluggish alkali atom replenishment rate during stripping unavoidably leads to the interface deterioration that destroys the initial physical contact by forming interfacial voids and triggering the dendrite growth. Herein, a hybrid bulk Na anode approach is proposed by incorporating an ion‐conducting phase into a metallic Na matrix, constructing an abundant interfacial electrochemical reaction area and enabling a balanced Na replenishment and consumption to minimize cycle‐induced interface deterioration. Specific attention is paid to the effects of the second phase on the wettability and creep ability of hybrid Na metal. A high critical current density (3.1 mA cm‐2) and long cycling life (6000 h in 0.5 mA cm‐2) are achieved for the symmetric cells. Full cells coupling the hybrid anode with the Na3V2(PO4)3/C cathode deliver excellent cyclability over 7300 cycles at a high rate of 5 C. The viewpoint of balancing the consumption and replenishment rate of metal atoms paves a new way for designing cycle‐stable anode/electrolyte interface in solid‐state batteries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sustainable solutions on fabricating and using a face mask to block the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) spread during this coronavirus pandemic of 2019 (COVID‐19) are required as society is directed by the World Health Organization (WHO) toward wearing it, resulting in an increasingly huge demand with over 4 000 000 000 masks used per day globally. Herein, various new mask technologies and advanced materials are reviewed to deal with critical shortages, cross‐infection, and secondary transmission risk of masks. A number of countries have used cloth masks and 3D‐printed masks as substitutes, whose filtration efficiencies can be improved by using nanofibers or mixing other polymers into them. Since 2020, researchers continue to improve the performance of masks by adding various functionalities, for example using metal nanoparticles and herbal extracts to inactivate pathogens, using graphene to make masks photothermal and superhydrophobic, and using triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) to prolong mask lifetime. The recent advances in material technology have led to the development of antimicrobial coatings, which are introduced in this review. When incorporated into masks, these advanced materials and technologies can aid in the prevention of secondary transmission of the virus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite the impressive merits of low‐cost and high‐safety electrochemical energy storage for aqueous zinc ion batteries, researchers have long struggled against the unresolved issues of dendrite growth and the side reactions of zinc metal anodes. Herein, a new strategy of zinc‐electrolyte interface charge engineering induced by amino acid additives is demonstrated for highly reversible zinc plating/stripping. Through electrostatic preferential absorption of positively charged arginine molecules on the surface of the zinc metal anode, a self‐adaptive zinc‐electrolyte interface is established for the inhibition of water adsorption/hydrogen evolution and the guidance of uniform zinc deposition. Consequently, an ultra‐long stable cycling up to 2200 h at a high current density of 5 mA cm−2 is achieved under an areal capacity of 4 mAh cm−2. Even cycled at an ultra‐high current density of 10 mA cm−2, 900 h‐long stable cycling is still demonstrated, demonstrating the reliable self‐adaptive feature of the zinc‐electrolyte interface. This work provides a new perspective of interface charge engineering in realizing highly reversible bulk zinc anode that can prompt its practical application in aqueous rechargeable zinc batteries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]