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BACKGROUND: Monochamus saltuarius is a destructive trunk‐borer of pine forest and an effective dispersal vector for pinewood nematode (PWN), a causative agent of pine wilt disease (PWD), which leads to major ecological disasters. Cold winter temperatures determine insect survival and distribution. However, little is known about the cold tolerance and potential physiological mechanisms of M. saltuarius. RESULTS: We demonstrated that dead Pinus koraiensis trunks do not provide larvae with insulation. The M. saltuarius larvae are freeze‐tolerant species. Unlike most other freeze‐tolerant insects, they can actively freeze extracellular fluid at higher subzero temperatures by increasing their supercooling points. The main energy sources for larvae overwintering are glycogen and the mid‐late switch to lipid. The water balance showed a decrease in free and an increase in bound water of small magnitude. Cold stress promoted lipid peroxidation, thus activating the antioxidant system to prevent cold‐induced oxidative damage. We found eight main pathways linked to cold stress and 39 important metabolites, ten of which are cryoprotectants, including maltose, UDP‐glucose, d‐fructose 6P, galactinol, dulcitol, inositol, sorbitol, l‐methionine, sarcosine, and d‐proline. The M. saltuarius larvae engage in a dual respiration process involving both anaerobic and aerobic pathways when their bodily fluids freeze. Cysteine and methionine metabolism, as well as alanine, aspartate, and glutamate metabolism, are the most important pathways linked to antioxidation and energy production. CONCLUSIONS: The implications of our findings may help strengthen and supplement the management strategies for monitoring, quarantine, and control of this pest, thereby contributing to controlling the further spread of PWD. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research investigates how product evaluations are impacted by two strategies for presenting an ingredient: with its common name or with its scientific name. We find that using the scientific name of a major ingredient enhances product evaluations when the product is perceived as utilitarian, whereas using the common name for that ingredient has a positive impact on product evaluations when the product is perceived as hedonic. The above fit effects are mediated by the consumer's enhanced sense of "feeling right." Furthermore, we find that using the scientific name for a harmful ingredient that has been removed is more likely to enhance product evaluations than referring to the removed ingredient by its common name. Our findings provide important insights that can help marketers choose the ingredient name that most effectively promotes their products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pathological cardiac hypertrophy, a common feature in various cardiovascular diseases, can be more effectively managed through combination therapies using natural compounds. Harmine, a β‐carboline alkaloid found in plants, possesses numerous pharmacological functions, including alleviating cardiac hypertrophy. Similarly, Selenomethionine (SE), a primary organic selenium source, has been shown to mitigate cardiac autophagy and alleviate injury. To explores the therapeutic potential of combining Harmine with SE to treat cardiac hypertrophy. The synergistic effects of SE and harmine against cardiac hypertrophy were assessed in vitro with angiotensin II (AngII)‐induced hypertrophy and in vivo using a Myh6R404Q mouse model. Co‐administration of SE and harmine significantly reduced hypertrophy‐related markers, outperforming monotherapies. Transcriptomic and metabolic profiling revealed substantial alterations in key metabolic and signalling pathways, particularly those involved in energy metabolism. Notably, the combination therapy led to a marked reduction in the activity of key glycolytic enzymes. Importantly, the addition of the glycolysis inhibitor 2‐deoxy‐D‐glucose (2‐DG) did not further potentiate these effects, suggesting that the antihypertrophic action is predominantly mediated through glycolytic inhibition. These findings highlight the potential of SE and harmine as a promising combination therapy for the treatment of cardiac hypertrophy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Blue perovskite light‐emitting diodes (PeLEDs) are crucial avenues for achieving full‐color displays and lighting based on perovskite materials. However, the relatively low external quantum efficiency (EQE) has hindered their progression towards commercial applications. Quasi‐two‐dimensional (quasi‐2D) perovskites stand out as promising candidates for blue PeLEDs, with optimized control over low‐dimensional phases contributing to enhanced radiative properties of excitons. Herein, the impact of organic molecular dopants on the crystallization of various n‐phase structures in quasi‐2D perovskite films. The results reveal that the highly reactive bis(4‐(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)phosphine oxide (BTF‐PPO) molecule could effectively restrain the formation of organic spacer cation‐ordered layered perovskite phases through chemical reactions, simultaneously passivate those uncoordinated Pb2+ defects. Consequently, the prepared PeLEDs exhibited a maximum EQE of 16.6 % (@ 490 nm). The finding provides a new route to design dopant molecules for phase modulation in quasi‐2D PeLEDs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Respiratory Burst Oxidase Homologues (RBOHs) are involved in plant growth, development, and stress adaptation. How OsRBOHs affect root hair formation and consequently nutrient acquisition and drought resistance in rice is not well understood. We knocked out six OsRBOH genes in rice that were expressed in roots and identified OsRBOHE as the only one affecting root hair formation. OsRBOHE was strongly expressed in the root epidermis, root hairs and tiller buds. OsRBOHE is localised at the plasma membrane. Knockout of OsRBOHE decreased reactive oxygen species generation in the root hairs and tiller buds, downregulated genes involved in cell wall biogenesis, and decreased root hair length and tillering by 90% and 30%, respectively. Knockout of OsRBOHE decreased phosphorus acquisition only in low available P soil under aerobic conditions, but not in high P soil or under flooded conditions when P was likely not limited by diffusion. Knockout of OsRBOHE markedly decreased drought resistance of rice plants through the effect on root hair formation and the associated rhizosheath. Taken together, OsRBOHE is crucial for root hair formation and tillering and consequently on drought resistance in rice. The contribution of root hairs to P acquisition in rice is limited to aerobic soil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

SUMMARY: Nucleotide‐binding leucine‐rich repeat (NLR) proteins are crucial intracellular immune receptors in plants, responsible for detecting invading pathogens and initiating defense responses. While previous studies on the evolution and function of NLR genes were mainly limited to land plants, the evolutionary trajectory and immune‐activating character of NLR genes in algae remain less explored. In this study, genome‐wide NLR gene analysis was conducted on 44 chlorophyte species across seven classes and seven charophyte species across five classes. A few but variable number of NLR genes, ranging from one to 20, were identified in five chlorophytes and three charophytes, whereas no NLR gene was identified from the remaining algal genomes. Compared with land plants, algal genomes possess fewer or usually no NLR genes, implying that the expansion of NLR genes in land plants can be attributed to their adaptation to the more complex terrestrial pathogen environments. Through phylogenetic analysis, domain composition analysis, and conserved motifs profiling of the NBS domain, we detected shared and lineage‐specific features between NLR genes in algae and land plants, supporting the common origin and continuous evolution of green plant NLR genes. Immune‐activation assays revealed that both TNL and RNL proteins from green algae can elicit hypersensitive responses in Nicotiana benthamiana, indicating the molecular basis for immune activation has emerged in the early evolutionary stage of different types of NLR proteins. In summary, the results from this study suggest that NLR proteins may have taken a role as intracellular immune receptors in the common ancestor of green plants. Significance Statement: By surveying 44 chlorophyte species across seven classes and seven charophyte species across five classes, this study reports a few but variable number of NLR genes in five chlorophytes and three charophytes. Immune‐activation assays reveal that NLR proteins from green algae can elicit immune response in Nicotiana benthamiana, indicating the molecular basis for immune activation of NLR proteins has emerged in the early evolutionary stage of green plants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ethynylbenziodoxol(on)es (EB(X)xs) reagents have emerged as useful reagents for peptide/protein modification due to their versatile reactivity and high selectivity. Herein, we report the successful introduction of ethynylbenziodoxoles (EBxs) on different amino acid building blocks (Lys/Orn/Dap), and show their compatibility with both solid phase peptide synthesis (SPPS) and solution phase peptide synthesis (SPS). The selective incorporation of the EBx core into peptide sequences enable efficient macrocyclizations under mild conditions for the synthesis of topologically unique cyclic and bicyclic peptides. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Millimeter‐wave dielectric characteristrics of Sr1−xCaxSmAlO4 ceramics were investigated together with their structures. The solid solution in the space group I4/mmm was determined in the entire composition range, and the excellent microwave dielectric characteristics were not only obtained in the centimeter‐wave range but also in the millimeter‐wave range. The dielectric constant εr indicated a slight decrease from 19.5, and the significantly improved Q×f value was achieved, while the temperature coefficient of resonant frequency τf became more negative (from −3.4 to −12 ppm/°C) with increasing x. Q×f value showed apparent increase with increasing frequency, and the Q×f value at 28 GHz was improved from 88 000 to 160000 GHz with increasing x. The best combination of millimeter‐wave dielectric characteristics was achieved at x = 0.6: εr = 19, Q×f = 143 300 GHz (at 27.3 GHz), and τf = −9.3 ppm/°C. The present ceramics could be expected as the promising candidates as millimeter‐wave dielectric ceramics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To solve the problem that the multi‐stage process with dynamicity and nonlinear is hard to monitor effectively, the time‐space neighborhood standardization (TSNS) method is proposed, which is further applied to partial least squares (PLS) to propose TSNS and PLS (TSNS‐PLS) method for process fault detection. TSNS can transform multi‐stage data into single‐stage data that approximately obeys a standard normal distribution, remove temporal correlation between samples at previous and subsequent moments in the process data, and separate online fault samples. TSNS makes the transformed process data satisfy the requirements of the PLS method for process data and can significantly improve the fault detection rate of the PLS method. Finally, the performance of TSNS‐PLS was examined by a numerical simulation process and the penicillin fermentation process design fault detection experiment. To solve the problem that the multi‐stage process with dynamicity and nonlinear is hard to monitor effectively, the time‐space neighborhood standardization (TSNS) method is proposed, which is further applied to partial least squares (PLS) to propose TSNS and PLS (TSNS‐PLS) method for process fault detection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Methane and its oxidation product (i. e., CO2) are both greenhouse gases. In the product chain of CO hydrogenation to hydrocarbon reaction, methane is also an unwanted product due to its poor added value. Herein we investigated the effect of structure‐directing agent urotropine on cobalt‐based catalyst supported on Al−O−Zn type carrier and achieved an initial and pioneering exploration of methane‐free CO hydrogenation to hydrocarbon reaction at mild CO conversion range. The catalyst modified by urotropine has a nanoflower micromorphology and can significantly change the reaction performance, almost completely eliminating the ability of the catalyst to inhibit C−C coupling within a mild CO conversion range, that is, it can produce no or less C1−C4 gaseous hydrocarbons, while rich in condensed hydrocarbons (i. e., C5+ hydrocarbon selectivity can reach as high as 92.8 %–100.0 %). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Organic single crystals with near‐infrared (NIR) emission demonstrate their excellent optical communications from well photonic confinement and low optical waveguide loss, which are considered as competitive candidates toward advanced optoelectronics. However, the increasingly diverse and sophisticated application demands result in the complicated design of NIR devices, which is hardly realized solely by the intrinsic properties of individual crystals. Herein, a programmable assembly strategy is presented to fabricate organic heterostructures. Triphenylene (TP), pyrene (Py) and 7,7,8,8‐tetracyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ) are primary selected to prepared organic cocrystals with narrow band gap and near‐infrared emission. Importantly, the charge‐transfer alloy with tunable emission from 700 nm to 850 nm and branched heterostructures with multichannel characteristics are prepared from these organic cocrystals by following the growth kinetics process at molecular level and lattice matching principle at structural level, respectively. Theses prepared heterostructures exhibit optical logic operation capabilities, which can serve as optical modulators. This work provides new insights into the manufacturing of organic NIR heterostructures applied in advanced optoelectronics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: CD7‐targeted chimeric antigen receptor T‐cell (CAR‐T) therapy has shown promising initial complete remission (CR) rates in patients with refractory or relapsed (r/r) T‐cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia and lymphoblastic lymphoma (T‐ALL/LBL). To enhance the remission duration, consolidation with allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo‐HSCT) is considered. Our study delved into the outcomes of 34 patients with r/r T‐ALL/LBL who underwent allo‐HSCT after achieving CR with autologous CD7 CAR‐T therapy. These were compared with 124 consecutive T‐ALL/LBL patients who received allo‐HSCT in CR following chemotherapy. The study revealed that both the CAR‐T and chemotherapy cohorts exhibited comparable 2‐year overall survival (OS) (61.9% [95% CI, 44.1–78.1] vs. 67.6% [95% CI, 57.5–76.9], p = 0.210), leukaemia‐free survival (LFS) (62.3% [95% CI, 44.6–78.4] vs. 62.0% [95% CI, 51.8–71.7], p = 0.548), non‐relapse mortality (NRM) rates (32.0% [95% CI, 19.0–54.0] vs. 25.3% [95% CI, 17.9–35.8], p = 0.288) and relapse incidence rates (8.8% [95% CI, 3.0–26.0] vs. 15.8% [95% CI, 9.8–25.2], p = 0.557). Patients aged ≤14 in the CD7 CAR‐T group achieved high 2‐year OS and LFS rates of 87.5%. Our study indicates that CD7 CAR‐T therapy followed by allo‐HSCT is not only effective and safe for r/r T‐ALL/LBL patients but also on par with the outcomes of those achieving CR through chemotherapy, without increasing NRM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The usual non‐isospectral Korteweg–de Vries (KdV) hierarchy (see Equation 4) does not have auto Darboux transformations. In this paper, we present a non‐auto Darboux transformation for this hierarchy, from which we are able to construct its N$$ N $$‐soliton solutions. An explicit formula of the solutions with zero background is given, and solutions are illustrated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Near‐infrared (NIR) chiroptical response has been less explored because it is challenging to achieve both chirality and NIR absorption/emission. Herein, we describe the design of heterohelicene‐type β‐isoindigo‐based boron‐dipyrromethene (BODIPY) analogs (β‐IBs), which shift the absorption peak to 800 nm and produce significant Cotton effects (127.8 M−1 cm−1) and absorbance dissymmetry factors (|gabs| = 3.5 × 10−3). The luminescence dissymmetry factor (glum) and circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) brightness (BCPL) of up to 1.24 × 10−3 and 1.78 M−1 cm−1 were realized beyond 800 nm. These β‐IBs are the first examples of helicene‐type compounds with the highest gabs in the NIR region and CPL beyond 800 nm. Theoretical calculations demonstrate that the strong chiroptical activities are triggered by their large transition magnetic dipole moments. This study not only provides a new approach to the synthesis of a larger variety of unprecedented helicene‐type BODIPY analogs but also demonstrates excellent NIR chiroptical properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The morphology and motion of auroras have been widely studied due to their indications on magnetospheric processes. Here, we report a new kind of "auroral curls," which have wavelengths in the mesoscale (∼100 km) and propagate azimuthally. Utilizing data from the Chinese Antarctic Zhongshan Station (the all‐sky imager and the high‐frequency radar), the Active Magnetosphere and Planetary Electrodynamics Response Experiment and the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program, we analyze an event occurred on 23 April 2019. We find these curls are fine structures in the poleward boundary of multiple arcs. Corresponding field‐aligned currents manifest as a series of longitudinally arranged pairs, while ionospheric flow velocities nearby oscillate with periods in the Pc 5 band. Observational evidence suggests these curls are connected with ultra‐low frequency (ULF) waves, which opens the possibility of using auroras to globally image ULF waves. Plain Language Summary: Auroras caused by precipitation of magnetospheric particles contain information about physical processes happened in the magnetosphere. In this letter, we report a new kind of auroral dynamic forms observed in Antarctica. These structures present both spatial and temporal periodic characteristics, which have similar scales with those of magnetospheric ultra‐low frequency (ULF) waves. We propose these auroral forms are connected with ULF waves, which provides a potential method to globally image ULF waves by analyzing properties of these auroras. Key Points: Azimuthally propagating "auroral curls" with mesoscale wavelengths were observed in AntarcticaThese curls are fine structures in the poleward boundary of multiple arcs formed by longitudinal‐arranged field‐aligned current pairsIonospheric flow velocities nearby oscillate with periods in the Pc 5 band, indicating connections with ultra‐low frequency waves [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Guangzhou has been the city most affected by the dengue virus (DENV) in China, with a predominance of DENV serotype 1 (DENV‐1). Viral factors such as dengue serotype and genotype are associated with severe dengue (SD). However, none of the studies have investigated the relationship between DENV‐1 genotypes and SD. To understand the association between DENV‐1 genotypes and SD, the clinical manifestations of patients infected with different genotypes were investigated. A total of 122 patients with confirmed DENV‐1 genotype infection were recruited for this study. The clinical manifestations, laboratory tests, and levels of inflammatory mediator factors were statistically analyzed to investigate the characteristics of clinical manifestations and immune response on the DENV‐1 genotype. In the case of DENV‐1 infection, the incidence of SD with genotype V infection was significantly higher than that with genotype I infection. Meanwhile, patients infected with genotype V were more common in ostealgia and bleeding significantly. In addition, levels of inflammatory mediator factors including IFN‐γ, TNF‐α, IL‐10, and soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 were higher in patients with SD infected with genotype V. Meanwhile, the concentrations of regulated upon activation normal T‐cell expressed and secreted and growth‐related gene alpha were lower in patients with SD infected with genotype V. The higher incidence of SD in patients infected with DENV‐1 genotype V may be attributed to elevated cytokines and adhesion molecules, along with decreased chemokines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The calendering process of pole piece is a key step affecting the performance of the power battery. In the calendaring process, rubber roller materials will produce hysteresis heat, resulting in rolling resistance, which will lead to energy loss. The thermo‐mechanical coupling model for calendering rubber roller has been established and the effects of materials, calendering speeds, and roller structure shape on the viscoelastic temperature rise of rubber roller were analyzed. Solution‐polymerized styrene–butadiene rubber (SSBR) materials with different fillers have the greatest impact on temperature rise, followed by the roller shape, and calendering speed is smaller. The loss modulus of SSBR filled with white carbon black studied was smaller, and the temperature rise at high speed was 14.5°C higher than that at low speed. The optimized roller shape has a temperature rise of 10.4°C lower than the original shape. The research results could provide reference for the calendering rubber roller design of pole piece and similar processing. Highlights: A thermo‐mechanical coupling model of calendering rubber roller was established.The rubber roller made of SSBR‐VN3 has a lower temperature rise.Optimized structure reduced contact pressure by 28.1% and temperature rise by 10.4°C. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Buried interface modification can effectively improve the compatibility between interfaces. Given the distinct interface selections in perovskite solar cells (PSCs), the applicability of a singular modification material remains limited. Consequently, in response to this challenge, we devised a tailored molecular strategy based on the electronic effects of specific functional groups. Therefore, we prepared three distinct silane coupling agents, and due to the varying inductive effects of these functional groups, the electronic distribution and molecular dipole moments of the coupling agents are correspondingly altered. Among them, trimethoxy (3,3,3‐trifluoropropyl)‐silane (F3‐TMOS), which possesses electron‐withdrawing groups, generates a molecular dipole moment directed toward the hole transport layer (HTL). This approach changes the work function of the HTL, optimizes the energy level alignment, reduces the open‐circuit voltage loss, and facilitates carrier transport. Furthermore, through the buffering effect of the coupling agent, the interface strain and lattice distortion caused by annealing the perovskite are reduced, enhancing the stability of the tin‐based perovskite. Encouragingly, tin PSCs treated with F3‐TMOS achieved a champion efficiency of 14.67 %. This strategy provides an expedient avenue for the design of buried interface modification materials, enabling precise molecular adjustments in accordance with distinct interfacial contexts to ameliorate mismatched energetics and enhance carrier dynamics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dayside magnetosphere interactions are essential for energy and momentum transport between the solar wind and the magnetosphere. In this study, we investigate a new phenomenon within this regime. Sudden enhancements of ion fluxes followed by repeating dropouts and recoveries were observed by Magnetospheric Multiscale on 5 November 2016, which is the very end of the recovery phase from a moderate geomagnetic storm. These repetitive flux variations display energy‐dispersive characteristics with periods relevant to ion bounce motion, suggesting they are corresponding echoes. Alongside the flux variations, bipolar electric field impulses originating from external sources were detected. We traced the source region of the initial injection and found it is located near the spacecraft's position. To elucidate the underlying physics, a test‐particle simulation is conducted. The results reveal that radial transport resulting from impulse‐induced acceleration can give rise to these echoes. Observations demonstrate dayside magnetosphere interactions are more common than we previously considered, which warrants further research. Plain Language Summary: In spacecraft observations, the quasi‐periodical motion of particles in the geomagnetic field can generate repeating signals known as "echoes". Examining the relationship between the periods of echoes and the particle's energy is necessary for determining their types. The present study reports a novel mechanism responsible for generating echoes that arise from the ion bounce motion along magnetic field lines. Observations from both ground‐based stations and spacecraft, as well as numerical simulations, suggest these echoes can result from the acceleration and radial diffusion of ions responding to external field variations. These findings extend the current understanding of interactions in the dayside outer magnetosphere. Key Points: Ion acceleration and corresponding bounce echoes were observed by MMS in the dayside outer magnetosphereObservations and simulations suggest these echoes are driven by the accompanied electric field impulsesImpulse‐induced ion radial transport with positive phase space density radial gradient leads to the observed pattern [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Resveratrol (RSV) is a natural polyphenol compound found in various plants that has been shown to have potential benefits for preventing aging and supporting cardiovascular health. However, the specific signal pathway by which RSV protects the aging heart is not yet well understood. This study aimed to explore the protective effects of RSV against age‐related heart injury and investigate the underlying mechanisms using a D‐galactose‐induced aging model. The results of the study indicated that RSV provided protection against age‐related heart impairment in mice. This was evidenced by the reduction of cardiac histopathological changes as well as the attenuation of apoptosis. RSV‐induced cardioprotection was linked to a significant increase in antioxidant activity and mitochondrial transmembrane potential, as well as a reduction in oxidative damage. Additionally, RSV inhibited the production of pro‐inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β) and tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α). Furthermore, the expression of toll‐like receptor 4 (TLR4), nuclear factor kappa‐B p65 (NF‐κB p65), and notch 1 protein were inhibited by RSV, indicating that inhibiting the Notch/NF‐κB pathway played a critical role in RSV‐triggered heart protection in aging mice. Moreover, further data on intestinal function demonstrated that RSV significantly increased short‐chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in intestinal contents and reduced the pH value in the feces of aging mice. RSV alleviated aging‐induced cardiac dysfunction through the suppression of oxidative stress and inflammation via the Notch/NF‐κB pathway in heart tissue. Furthermore, this therapeutic effect was found to be associated with its protective roles in the intestine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cricopharyngeal achalasia (CPA) is a rare cause of dysphagia in children that can lead to serious consequences such as failure to thrive or sudden death. Diagnosis and treatment strategies for pediatric CPA are still being developed, but endoscopic myotomy has shown promise as a treatment option. This case report describes the diagnosis and treatment of a 13-year-old boy with severe dysphagia who underwent endoscopic myotomy, resulting in improved symptoms and weight gain. High-resolution manometry (HRM) was used to diagnose the disorder, and further research is needed to determine the overall efficacy and safety of endoscopic myotomy for pediatric CPA. [Extracted from the article]

A single‐feed wideband circularly polarized (CP) substrate‐integrated waveguide (SIW) cavity‐backed antenna and its phased array are presented in this paper. The proposed element consists of SIW cavity, stacked patches, and a 50‐Ω coaxial probe. The coaxial pin is directly connected to the two patch radiators. By chamfering on each rectangular patch, the proposed SIW cavity‐backed patch antenna realizes wideband circular polarization characteristic. The proposed element exhibits a simulated impedance bandwidth of 22.5% (14–17.6 GHz) for |S11| < −10 dB, an axial‐ratio (AR) bandwidth of 12.9% (14.5–16.5 GHz) for AR ≤ 3 dB. Simulation results illustrate that the infinite array can scanning up to ±60° in all planes over the operating frequency, under the criterion of active VSWR ≤ 3 and AR ≤ 3 dB. For verification purpose, an 8 × 8 array prototype was manufactured and measured. To achieve better CP characteristics, the sequential rotation technique is applied to the full array configuration. The measured results show good agreement with simulation results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A pair of enantiomeric photoswitchable PdII catalysts, alkyne‐PdII/LR−azo and alkyne‐PdII/LS−azo, were prepared via the coordination of alkyne‐PdII and azobenzene‐modified phosphine ligands LR−azo and LS−azo. Owing to the cis‐trans photoisomerization of the azobenzene moiety, alkyne‐PdII/LR−azo and alkyne‐PdII/LS−azo exhibited different polymerization activities, helix‐sense selectivities, and enantioselectivities during the polymerization of isocyanide monomers under irradiation of different wavelength lights. Furthermore, the achiral isocyanide monomer A‐1 could be polymerized efficiently using alkyne‐PdII/LR−azo under dark condition in a living/controlled manner. Further, it generated single right‐handed helical poly‐A‐1m(LR−azo), confirmed by the circular dichroism spectra and atomic force microscopy images. However, the polymerization of A‐1 almost could not be initiated under 420 nm light in identical conditions of dark condition. Moreover, the photoswitchable catalyst alkyne‐PdII/LR−azo exhibited high enantioselectivity for the polymerization of the racemates of L‐1 and D‐1, respectively. D‐1 was polymerized preferentially under dark condition with a D‐1/L‐1 rate ratio of 70, yielding single right‐handed polyisocyanides. Additionally, reversible enantioselectivity was observed under 420 nm light using alkyne‐PdII/LR−azo, and the calculated polymerization rate ratio of L‐1/D‐1 was 57 because of the isomerization of the azobenzene moiety of the catalyst. Furthermore, alkyne‐PdII/LS−azo showed opposite enantioselectivity and helix‐sense selectivity during the polymerization of the racemates of L‐1 and D‐1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We developed a cascade reaction of diynone and o‐hydroxy aromatic aldimine under mild conditions. This protocol is proposed to proceed through sequential [3+2]/[4+4] cycloaddition and proton transfer processes, thus providing an efficient way for the synthesis of a variety of dihydropyrrole fused eight‐membered ring scaffolds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite the extraordinary X‐ray scintillation performance of three‐dimensional (3D) lead perovskite nanocrystals (PNCs), the serious biotoxicity of Pb2+ and luminescent instability in water remain insurmountable obstacles for their applications in medical imaging. To address these drawbacks, herein, the study demonstrates one new lead‐free zero‐dimensional (0D) hybrid cuprous halide of single‐crystalline [BzTPP]2Cu2I4 (BzTPP = Benzyltriphenylphosphonium) as a satisfactory X‐ray scintillator. [BzTPP]2Cu2I4 displays broadband yellowish‐green light emission with a high photoluminescent quantum yield (PLQY) of 44.2% and large Stokes shift of 167 nm upon UV light excitation. High PLQY and negligible self‐absorption enable [BzTPP]2Cu2I4 to display impressive scintillation performance excited by X‐ray with a light yield of 27 706 photons MeV‐1 and low detection limit of 0.352 µGy s−1, surpassing typical 3D PNCs. More importantly, [BzTPP]2Cu2I4 represents extraordinary structural and luminescent stability in water for at least one month. The excellent and stable radioluminescence performance as well as solution growth method ensure a [BzTPP]2Cu2I4‐based screen for fine‐resolution X‐ray imaging with potential in radiography and inspection. This work highlights the multiple merits of low‐toxicity and cost, high light yield, and long‐term water‐stability of 0D hybrid cuprous halides as highly desirable X‐ray scintillators. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) is a clinical syndrome of ovarian dysfunction characterized by cessation of menstruation occurring before the age of 40 years. The genetic causes of idiopathic POI remain unclear. Here we recruited a POI patient from a consanguineous family to screen for potential pathogenic variants associated with POI. Genetic variants of the pedigree were screened using whole‐exome sequencing analysis and validated through direct Sanger sequencing. A homozygous variant in TUFM (c.524G>C: p.Gly175Ala) was identified in this family. TUFM (Tu translation elongation factor, mitochondrial) is a nuclear‐encoded mitochondrial protein translation elongation factor that plays a critical role in maintaining normal mitochondrial function. The variant position was highly conserved among species and predicted to be disease causing. Our in vitro functional studies demonstrated that this variant causes decreased TUFM protein expression, leading to mitochondrial dysfunction and impaired autophagy activation. Moreover, we found that mice with targeted Tufm variant recapitulated the phenotypes of human POI. Thus, this is the first report of a homozygous pathogenic TUFM variant in POI. Our findings highlighted the essential role of mitochondrial genes in folliculogenesis and ovarian function maintenance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Anti‐reflux mucosectomy (ARMS) is an emerging and promising endoscopic treatment for gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). In the current study we aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of ARMS in treating Chinese GERD patients. Methods: This was a single‐center prospective cohort study. ARMS was performed in GERD patients by an experienced endoscopist. The patients were required to undergo symptom assessment as well as endoscopic examination, high‐resolution manometry (HRM), and impedance‐pH monitoring before and after ARMS. Results: Twelve patients were enrolled. Follow‐up was completed by all patients at 3 and 6 months, 11 patients at 1 year, and 8 patients at 2 years after ARMS, respectively. Symptom improvement was achieved in 66.7%, 75.0%, 72.7%, and 50.0% of the patients at 3 months, 6 months, 1 year, and 2 years after ARMS, respectively. Postoperative dysphagia was reported by 25.0%, 25.0%, 27.3%, and 25.0% of patients at 3 months, 6 months, 1 year, and 2 years after surgery, none of whom required additional invasive treatment. All patients with preoperative esophagitis healed after ARMS. For impedance‐pH monitoring parameters, number of acidic reflux episodes and the proportion of patients with acid exposure time (AET) >4.0% decreased significantly after ARMS. Conclusions: ARMS was safe and effective in Chinese GERD patients. The efficacy of ARMS was not short‐term and remained evident throughout the 2‐year follow‐up. Further multicenter studies with larger sample sizes are needed to verify our findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, an effective ultra‐broadband absorber in long‐wavelength infrared is achieved by a metal‐insulator‐metasurface (MIM) stacked structure. This absorber exhibits an average absorption of 90% at wavelengths ranging from 8 to 14 µm and a maximum absorption rate of up to 97.1%. It is found that the performance is achieved by three mode combinations. The ultra‐broadband leveling absorber is to be polarization‐independent due to its geometrical symmetry. The absorption property can be controlled by the parameters of the triangle unit. It has great potential in many applications such as infrared detection and imaging. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Asymmetry is a prevalent characteristic in numerous space physics phenomena. In this study, we investigate the statistical properties and spatial variations of ultra‐low frequency power globally after positive dynamic pressure pulses, utilizing high‐resolution magnetic field data from SuperMAG between 2012 and 2019. Specifically, we focus on the dawn‐dusk and north‐south asymmetries of Pc2‐5 fluctuations. Our analysis reveals that the power enhancement in the Pc2 band at approximately 30° magnetic latitude (MLAT) in the southern hemisphere is attributable to the South Atlantic Anomaly region. At MLAT ≈ 15°, the power of Pc3‐5 waves in both hemispheres exhibits a local minimum, which is associated with the strong coupling of compressional and Alfvén waves. Moreover, around MLAT = 60°, the dawnside Pc5 wave power exceeds that on the duskside when the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) is westward, and the result is reversed when the IMF is eastward. Notably, Pc3‐5 wave power from MLAT = 30° to MLAT = 75° in the northern hemisphere is generally higher than that in the southern hemisphere. In regions with MLAT > 75°, which corresponds to the polar cap between 0 and 15 magnetic local time, the power of Pc3 pulsations is higher during summer in the northern hemisphere and higher during winter in the southern hemisphere. These findings underscore the significant role of the solar wind and the IMF in controlling geomagnetic pulsations and further deepen our understanding of the coupling between fluctuations in the ionosphere and the magnetosphere. Key Points: Pc3‐5 ultra‐low frequency wave power exhibits a local minimum at magnetic latitude (MLAT) of 15°At 60°N MLAT, the dawn‐dusk asymmetry of the Pc5 power is controlled by the sign of interplanetary magnetic field ByBetween 30° and 75° MLAT, the northern hemisphere has stronger Pc3‐5 wave power [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Solar wind dynamic pressure pulse is one of the sources of ultra‐low frequency (ULF) waves. Based on 1‐second resolution magnetic field observations from SuperMAG from 2012 to 2019, we conducted a statistical study on temporal and spatial variations of global ULF power after the arrival of positive dynamic pressure pulses. The magnetosphere responds quickly to the dynamic pressure pulse within 1 min. At low L‐shells, it takes 4–6 min for the ULF waves to reach a power maximum, then ULF waves decay on a timescale of about 10 min. The spatial distribution of ULF wave power is closely related to the direction of the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) when the dynamic pressure pulse arrives. The southward IMF leads to the reconnection on the dayside and more intense substorm activities on the nightside, accompanied by stronger ULF wave power globally. The power enhancement in the Pc2 band exhibits a notable fluctuation concentrated primarily in the range of L = 7 to 9, compared with the quiet period. In contrast, the amplification of Pc3 wave power occurs predominantly at higher L‐shells. However, the fluctuation of Pc5 power exhibits an opposite pattern, indicating disparate excitation and propagation mechanisms. In addition, seasonal effects affect the ULF power in different bands, which can be explained by the Russell‐McPherron (R‐M) effect. Our statistical results on long‐term, global‐scale geomagnetic observations illustrate that pressure pulses are important sources of ULF waves, and the spatial distribution of wave power varies greatly under different solar wind conditions. Key Points: SuperMAG ultra‐low frequency (ULF) parameters are used to study the spatial and temporal responses of ULF waves to pressure impulsesThe ULF power has great differences in the distribution as a function of magnetic local time and L‐shellSeasonal effects have significant influences on the magnetic field power in different bands [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is concerned with stabilizations of wave equations with variable coefficients, subject to positive definite kernels and boundary frictional damping. Here, the memory kernel can be sign‐varying and the boundary of the domain does not need to satisfies the "geometric control condition." Under some appropriate assumptions on memory kernel, we establish the polynomial stabilizations. Meanwhile, the decay result shows that the memory damping plays the dominant role in the stabilizations of the system with both memory damping and boundary frictional damping. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is significant to reduce the wave‐induced vibration and ensure the safety of the offshore structure. This paper deals with the observer‐based sliding mode H∞$H_\infty$ vibration control problem of offshore structures with nonlinear energy sink (NES) mechanisms. By considering the coupled nonlinear characteristics of unmodelled dynamics, system uncertainty, and external wave force, a more general nonlinear system model of the offshore structure equipped with an NES mechanism is presented. Then, an observer‐based sliding mode H∞$H_\infty$ control scheme for the nonlinear structure‐NES system is developed. The existence condition and the design algorithm of the observer‐based sliding mode H∞$H_\infty$ controller are provided. Simulation results show that the observer‐based sliding mode H∞$H_\infty$ controller is capable of reducing the wave‐induced vibration amplitude of offshore structures effectively. Compared with the NES‐based passive control, the observer‐based sliding mode H∞$H_\infty$ controller can further reduce the response amplitudes of the offshore structure remarkably. In addition, the designed observer‐based sliding mode H∞$H_\infty$ controller is robust the variations of structure parameters and the external wave loads, thereby presenting potential advantages of the active damping control of the offshore structure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High performance flexible batteries are essential ingredients for flexible devices. However, general isolated flexible batteries face critical challenges in developing multifunctional embodied energy systems, owing to the lack of integrative design. Herein, inspired by scales in creatures, overlapping flexible lithium‐ion batteries (FLIBs) consisting of energy storage scales and connections using LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2 (NCM523) and graphite electrodes are presented. The scale‐dermis structure ensures a high energy density of 374.4 Wh L−1 as well as a high capacity retention of 93.2% after 200 charge/discharge cycles and 40 000 bending times. A variable stiffness property is revealed that can be controlled by battery configurations and deformation modes. Furthermore, the overlapping FLIBs can be housed directly into the architecture of several flexible devices, such as robots and grippers, allowing to create multifunctionalities that go far beyond energy storage and include load‐bearing and variable flexibility. This study broadens the versatility of FLIBs toward energy storage structure engineering of flexible devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: For decades, video game‐related behaviors have been investigated in different psychologic research, much of whose attention has been paid to video game addiction (VGA), while the differences between VGA and social media addiction (SMA) should have deserved more attention. In addition to detecting common risk factors of VGA, one core question is whether social inclination (individualism or collectivism) matters. Object: The objectives of this study were to clarify the prevalence of VGA and SMA,, identify the influencing factors of VGA, and clarify the relationships between VGA and adolescents' individualism–collectivism inclination. Method: The survey was conducted among 110 adolescent psychiatric patients. For each interviewee, psychological scales were filled face to face. Path analysis was used to examine the causation structure of the childhood trauma‐related symptoms. Result: The prevalence of VGA was 40.9% (45 out of 110), and it was 41.8% for SMA (46 out of 110); childhood trauma, social media addiction, the individualistic inclination, and the rate of homosexuality were observed to be independent indicators for video game addiction (r2 = 0.46). Conclusion: Psychological counseling on patients' internet‐related behaviors may focus on the individualistic personality and possible childhood trauma, which are two important risk factors of video game addiction. It is recommended to distinguish between video game addiction and social addiction in clinical practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Herein, we report a novel strategy for the modification of peptides based on the introduction of highly reactive hypervalent iodine reagents—ethynylbenziodoxolones (EBXs)—onto peptides. These peptide‐EBXs can be readily accessed, by both solution‐ and solid‐phase peptide synthesis (SPPS). They can be used to couple the peptide to other peptides or a protein through reaction with Cys, leading to thioalkynes in organic solvents and hypervalent iodine adducts in water buffer. Furthermore, a photocatalytic decarboxylative coupling to the C‐terminus of peptides was developed using an organic dye and was also successful in an intramolecular fashion, leading to macrocyclic peptides with unprecedented crosslinking. A rigid linear aryl alkyne linker was essential to achieve high affinity for Keap1 at the Nrf2 binding site with potential protein‐protein interaction inhibition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: This article discusses the adaptive neural tracking control issue for a flexible manipulator system with time‐varying full‐state constraints. First, the flexible manipulator system is modeled using partial differential equations with boundary conditions. Second, neural network techniques are used to deal with unknown nonlinear functions. Based on the backstepping technique, an adaptive neural boundary controller is developed that effectively suppresses the effects of input saturation. Moreover, the construction of the asymmetric time‐varying barrier Lyapunov function guarantees that the full‐state constraints of the system are met and that the closed‐loop system signals remain bounded. Finally, simulations are performed, and the results demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tumor mRNA vaccines have been developed for over 20 years. Whether mRNA vaccines could promote a clinical benefit to advanced cancer patients is highly unknown. PubMed and Embase were retrieved from January 1, 2000 to January 4, 2023. Random effects models were employed. Clinical benefit (objective response rate [ORR], disease control rate [DCR], 1‐year/2‐year progression‐free survival [PFS], and overall survival [OS]) and safety (vaccine‐related grade 3–5 adverse events [AEs]) were evaluated. Overall, 984 patients (32 trials) were enrolled. The most typical cancer types were melanoma (13 trials), non‐small cell lung cancer (5 trials), renal cell carcinoma (4 trials), and prostate adenocarcinoma (4 trials). The pooled ORR and DCR estimates were 10.0% (95%CI, 4.6–17.0%) and 34.6% (95%CI, 24.1–45.9%). The estimates for 1‐year and 2‐year PFS were 38.4% (95%CI, 24.8−53.0%) and 20.0% (95%CI, 10.4–31.7%), respectively. The estimates for 1‐year and 2‐year OS were 75.3% (95%CI, 62.4–86.3%) and 45.5% (95%CI, 34.0–57.2%), respectively. The estimate for vaccine‐related grade 3–5 AEs was 1.0% (95%CI, 0.2–2.4%). Conclusively, mRNA vaccines seem to demonstrate modest clinical response rates, with acceptable survival rates and rare grade 3–5 AEs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Formononetin (FMN) is a phytoestrogen that belongs to the isoflavone family. It has antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory effects, as well as, many other biological activities. Existing evidence has aroused interest in its ability to protect against osteoarthritis (OA) and promote bone remodeling. To date, research on this topic has not been thorough and many issues remain controversial. Therefore, the purpose of our study was to explore the protective effect of FMN against knee injury and clarify the possible molecular mechanisms. We found that FMN inhibited osteoclast formation induced by receptor activator of NF‐κB ligand (RANKL). Inhibition of the phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of p65 in the NF‐κB signaling pathway plays a role in this effect. Similarly, during the inflammatory response of primary knee cartilage cells activated by IL‐1β, FMN inhibited the NF‐κB signaling pathway and the phosphorylation of the ERK and JNK proteins in the MAPK signaling pathway to suppress the inflammatory response. In addition, in vivo experiments showed that both low‐ and high‐dose FMN had a clear protective effect against knee injury in the DMM (destabilization of the medial meniscus) model, and the therapeutic effect of high‐dose FMN was stronger. In conclusion, these studies provide evidence of the protective effect of FMN against knee injury. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Black soldier fly (BSF), Hermetia illucens (Diptera: Stratiomyidae), is a prominent insect for the bioconversion of various organic wastes. As a saprotrophic insect, the BSF inhabits microbe‐rich environments. However, the influences of the intestinal microorganisms on BSF growth and development are not very clear. In this study, the dynamics of the intestinal bacterial community of BSF larvae (BSFL) were analyzed using pyrosequencing. Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, and Proteobacteria were the most prevalent bacterial phyla in the intestines of all larval instars. The dynamic changes in bacterial community compositions among different larval instars were striking at the genus level. Klebsiella, Clostridium, Providencia, and Dysgonomonas were the relatively most abundant bacteria in the 1st‐ to 4th‐instar BSFL, respectively. Dysgonomonas and Providencia also dominated the 5th‐ and 6th‐instar larvae, at ratios of 31.1% and 47.2%, respectively. In total, 148 bacterial strains affiliated with 20 genera were isolated on different media under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. Among them, 6 bacteria, BSF1–BSF6, were selected for further study. The inoculation of the 6 isolates independently into germ‐free BSFL feeding on an artificial diet showed that all the bacteria, except BSF4, significantly promoted BSF growth and development compared with the germ‐free control. Citrobacter, Dysgonomonas, Klebsiella, Ochrobactrum, and Providencia promoted BSF development significantly by increasing the weight gains of larvae and pupae, as well as increasing the prepupae and eclosion rates. In addition, Citrobacter, Klebsiella and Providencia shortened the BSF life cycle significantly. The results illustrate the promotive effects of intestinal bacteria on BSF growth and development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Comprehensive Summary: A series of unreported fullerodihydropyridine‐3‐ones were synthesized as a new family of fullerene derivatives in moderate to good yields by a simple one‐step reaction of [60]fullerene with cheap and readily available β‐substituted ethylamines in the absence or presence of arylacetaldehydes under the assistance of Cu(OAc)2. The in situ generation of arylacetaldehydes by the C—N bond cleavage of arylethylamines avoided their complex synthesis in advance and realized the preparation of fullerodihydropyridine‐3‐ones with structural and functional diversities, which may have promising applications in perovskite solar cells to improve the performance of photovoltaic devices due to the existence of a large π‐conjugated system on the dihydropyridine‐3‐one ring. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The substrates of conventional flexible perovskite solar cells (FPSCs) are thermoplastic polymer material polyethylene naphthalate (PEN), which will deform during high temperature annealing process. In addition, lead iodide (PbI2) permanently formed and the substrate undergoes reversible deformation from 20 °C to 200 °C and back to 20 °C. Therefore, to balance the substrate supporting capacity and the crystalline quality of narrow band gap α‐phase formamidinium lead iodide (α‐FAPbI3), an annealing process of 120 °C for 30 minutes is determined. Additionally, there will also be a large number of gaps and lattice strain at the perovskite grain boundaries during the annealing process as the FAPbI3 phase transition is accompanied by much lattice shrinkage. As a result, 1,6‐hexanediammonium diiodide (HADI) is chosen to passivate the defects and release the stress of perovskite film. Therefore, a recorded 1.4% extended stretch rate of the flexible film is attained. Finally, the champion PCE of 21.14% under AM 1.5G and 31.52% under 1062 lux is achieved after HADI treatment, accompanied by a better long‐term and mechanical stability. This study provides annealing process optimization and stress relief strategies for the further development of narrow band gap FPSCs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Enhancing catalytic performance as well as reducing catalyst cost are the eternal pursuit for the catalysis community. Herein, a simple and effective palladium-doped cobalt (Pd/Co) catalyst with high Pd atom utilization efficiency was synthesized via galvanic replacement reaction for the selective hydrogenation of nitrobenzene with H2 at room temperature, delivering >99% yield of aniline with up to 158 times higher catalytic activity than commercial palladium powder. Detailed characterizations and DFT calculations revealed that Co-Pd interaction leads to a decrease in electron density of Pd and the distance between Pd atoms that results in the enhanced catalytic performance. Further experiments indicated that the Pd/Co catalyst serves as a highly efficient, selective, and recyclable catalyst for a range of nitroarene substrates. This work might provide a green and sustainable methodology to design and synthesize highly active catalysts with high utilization efficiency of the noble metals in fundamental and applied research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Metal thio(seleno) phosphates MPX3 attract considerable attention with potential application in spintronics and other types of devices. Here, ferromagnetism in an Ising type diluted magnetic semiconductor Fe1‐xZnxPS3 is reported. Bulk single crystals of Fe1‐xZnxPS3 have been synthesized via chemical vapor transport method and characterized by X‐ray diffraction. The weak ferromagnetism associated with spin/cluster spin glass emerges at 30% Zn doping. A nearly static ferromagnetic order is observed in the highly diluted magnets Fe0.1Zn0.9PS3. X‐ray photoemission measurements indicate introduction of holes and associated Fe3+ in samples with ferromagnetic order. Density functional theory calculations confirm the Ising‐type ferromagnetic state in highly diluted compounds with hole doping. The interplay between bound magnetic polarons induces impurity‐band‐exchange and superexchange interactions can explain the evolution of magnetism with Zn doping. The findings suggest that the magnetic diluted FePS3 system is a candidate for potential applications in magnetic devices, and its quantum mechanism should be explored by using microscopic techniques in the near future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]