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Periodontitis, a prevalent chronic inflammatory disease, poses significant challenges for effective treatment due to its complex etiology involving specific bacteria and the inflammatory immune microenvironment. Here, this study presents a novel approach for the targeted treatment of periodontitis utilizing the immunomodulatory and antibacterial properties of Embelin, a plant‐derived compound, within an injectable hydrogel system. The developed Carboxymethyl Chitosan‐Oxidized Dextran (CMCS‐OD) hydrogel formed via dynamic chemical bonds exhibited self‐healing capabilities and pH‐responsive behavior, thereby facilitating the controlled release of Embelin and enhancing its efficacy in a dynamic oral periodontitis microenvironment. This study demonstrates that this hydrogel system effectively prevents bacterial invasion and mitigates excessive immune response activation. Moreover, it precisely modulates macrophage M1/M2 phenotypes and suppresses inflammatory cytokine expression, thereby fostering a conducive environment for bone regeneration and addressing periodontitis‐induced bone loss. These findings highlight the potential of the approach as a promising strategy for the clinical management of periodontitis‐induced bone destruction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Constructing π‐conjugated polymer structures through covalent bonds dominates the design of organic framework photocatalysts, which significantly depends on the selection of multiple donor‐acceptor building blocks to narrow the optical gap and increase the lifetimes of charge carriers. In this work, self‐bipolarized organic frameworks of single aromatic units are demonstrated as novel broad‐spectrum‐responsive photocatalysts for H2O2 production. The preparation of such photocatalysts is only to fix the aromatic units (such as 1,3,5‐triphenylbenzene) with alkane linkers in 3D space. Self‐bipolarized aromatic units can drive the H2O2 production from H2O and O2 under natural sunlight, wide pH ranges (3.0‐10.0) and natural water sources. Moreover, it can be extended to catalyze the oxidative coupling of amines. Experimental and theoretical investigation demonstrate that such a strategy obeys the mechanism of through‐space π‐conjugation, where the closely face‐to‐face overlapped aromatic rings permit the electron and energy transfer through the large‐area delocalization of the electron cloud under visible light irradiation. This work introduces a novel design concept for the development of organic photocatalysts, which will break the restriction of conventional through‐band π‐conjugation structure and will open a new way in the synthesis of organic photocatalysts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although microalgae have only recently been recognized as part of the plant and soil microbiome, their application as biofertilizers has a tradition in sustainable crop production. Under consideration of their ability to produce the plant growth‐stimulating hormone cytokinin (CK), known to also induce pathogen resistance, we have assessed the biocontrol ability of CK‐producing microalgae. All pro‐ and eukaryotic CK‐producing microalgae tested were able to enhance the tolerance of tobacco against Pseudomonas syringae pv. tabaci (PsT) infection. Since Chlamydomonas reinhardtii (Cre) proved to be the most efficient, we functionally characterized its biocontrol ability. We employed the CRISPR‐Cas9 system to generate the first knockouts of CK biosynthetic genes in microalgae. Specifically, we targeted Cre Lonely Guy (LOG) and isopentenyltransferase (IPT) genes, the key genes of CK biosynthesis. While Cre wild‐type exhibits a strong protection, the CK‐deficient mutants have a reduced ability to induce plant defence. The degree of protection correlates with the CK levels, with the IPT mutants showing less protection than the LOG mutants. Gene expression analyses showed that Cre strongly stimulates tobacco resistance through defence gene priming. This study functionally verifies that Cre primes defence responses with CK, which contributes to the robustness of the effect. This work contributes to elucidate microalgae‐mediated plant defence priming and identifies the role of CKs. In addition, these results underscore the potential of CK‐producing microalgae as biologicals in agriculture by combining biofertilizer and biocontrol ability for sustainable and environment‐friendly crop management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The evolution of insect vector‐pathogen relationships has long been of interest in the field of molecular ecology. One system of special relevance, due to its economic impacts, is that between Diaphorina citri and 'Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus' (CLas), the cause of the severe Asian form of huanglongbing. CLas‐positive D. citri are more fecund than their CLas‐negative counterparts, boosting opportunities for pathogens to acquire new vector hosts. The molecular mechanism behind this life‐history shift remains unclear. Here, we found that CLas promoted ovarian development and increased the expression of the vitellogenin receptor (DcVgR) in ovaries. DcVgR RNAi significantly decreased fecundity and CLas titer in ovaries, extended the preoviposition period, shortened the oviposition period and blocked ovarian development. Given their importance in gene regulation, we explored the role of miRNAs in shaping these phenotypes and their molecular triggers. Our results showed that one miRNA, miR‐275, suppressed DcVgR expression by binding to its 3' UTR. Overexpression of miR‐275 knocked down DcVgR expression and CLas titer in ovaries, causing reproductive defects that mimicked DcVgR knockdown phenotypes. We focused, further, on roles of the Juvenile Hormone (JH) pathway in shaping the observed fecundity phenotype, given its known impacts on ovarian development. After CLas infection, this pathway was upregulated, thereby increasing DcVgR expression. From these combined results, we conclude that CLas hijacks the JH signalling pathway and miR‐275, thereby targeting DcVgR to increase D. citri fecundity. These changes simultaneously increase CLas replication, suggesting a pathogen‐vector host mutualism, or a seemingly helpful, but cryptically costly life‐history manipulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: During the past decades, the rapid development of modern teaching tools and methods has been observed, and the new teaching module constructed through digitization or networking has been widely used in the field of medical education. This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness and acceptability of the online learning combined with case‐based discussion (CBD) approach in oral medicine education. Methods: Sixty senior students majoring in stomatology were randomly divided into two groups. One group (new module‐based teaching group [NG], n = 30) watched an online teaching video and discussed clinical cases in groups. The control group (traditional lecture‐based group [TG], n = 30) was assigned to the traditional lecture‐based teaching. Subsequently, a theory assessment was conducted on the topics taught, and the scores of both groups were compared. Feedback about this teaching model was obtained from the NG. Results: The results showed that students in the NG had significantly better performance in terms of mastering professional knowledge than did students in the TG. Moreover, most students in the NG had a high degree of satisfaction with this new teaching method, as they agreed that it can mobilize their learning enthusiasm and promote their engagement, interaction, and cooperation in the learning of oral medicine. Conclusions: Our findings indicate the effectiveness and high satisfaction of CBD combined with online learning in the teaching of oral medicine. This study is expected to provide new ideas for improving the dental teaching quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To report a case of hyperhaemolysis syndrome (HHS) that occurred during perinatal blood transfusion in a pregnant Chinese woman with β‐thalassemia to deepen the understanding of HHS and the risk of transfusion therapy for patients with thalassemia. Background: Most HHS cases occur in people with sickle cell disease. So far, no cases of HHS have been reported in the Chinese population. Here, we report a pregnant Chinese women with β‐thalassemia experiencing HHS. Methods: The patient received ABO‐ and RhD‐matched red blood cell transfusion from six blood donors in four perinatal transfusions. Haemoglobinuria and lower haemoglobin levels compared to those before transfusion were observed after each transfusion, and the lactate dehydrogenase was consistently elevated. The blood samples were collected at different time points during the hospitalisation for direct antiglobulin test (DAT), antibody screening test and acid elution test. The antigens of six blood donors were identified, and the cross‐matching tests were repeated using the blood sample of the patient with specific irregular antibodies after the last transfusion. Results: The DAT of the patient was negative for anti‐IgG and positive (1+) for anti‐C3d, and no red blood cell antibodies were detected in the eluent before, between and after transfusions. Before and between transfusions, blood samples were negative for red blood cell irregular antibodies, whereas IgM anti‐P1 and IgG anti‐Jka were detected in blood samples the next day after the last transfusion. In the six donors, two were negative for P1 and Jka, one was positive for P1 and negative for Jka, and three were negative for P1 and positive for Jka. The tentative cross‐matching tests using the indirect antiglobulin method in saline showed that only agglutination occurred in the blood samples of the patient collected after last transfusion and the three Jka‐positive blood donors. Discussion The clinical manifestations and laboratory test results suggested that HHS occurred in this patient with β‐thalassemia after each transfusion. Clinicians should be aware that HHS can occur with compatible blood transfusion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: The oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) are important electrochemical reactions to realize clean energy technologies. Herein, we prepared a hybrid electrocatalyst consisting of Co/CoOx nanoparticles embedded in amorphous carbon through the simple pyrolysis of cobalt‐based zeolitic terephthalate frameworks. The pyrolysis temperature significantly influenced the structure morphology and catalytic behavior. Good contact between Co/CoOx and amorphous carbon resulted in a high catalytic efficiency. The hybrid obtained under pyrolysis temperature of 600 °C exhibited the highest performance for OER, offering a stable current density of 10 mA cm−2 at 277 mV in basic media. Besides good OER behavior, it also showed good ORR performance [onset potential: ∼0.87 V vs. the reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE), diffusion‐limiting current density: ∼4.9 mA cm−2]. This work describes a novel and efficient catalyst, and greatly expands the scope of low‐cost Co‐based electrocatalysts for various electrochemical reactions without the need for N‐containing ligands. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A composite of Fe3O4 nanoparticles anchored on a carbon support (Fe3O4/C), possessing both superparamagnetism and molecular oxygen activating properties, was prepared by an ammonia-assisted precipitation method. Fe3O4/C could catalyze the selective oxidation of various benzyl alcohols with air as the oxidant source, and could be easily separated and recycled with an external magnet. The small particle size and the interaction between the Fe3O4 nanoparticles and carbon support endow the Fe3O4/C catalyst with relatively high reducibility. Its oxidation state is easy to change. This intrinsic property of the Fe3O4 nanoparticles could be responsible for the high activity of Fe3O4/C in the aerobic oxidation of alcohols. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Oxovanadium(IV), copper(II) and cobalt(II) acetylacetone complexes have been grafted onto amino-modified CMK-3-O (VO-NH2-CMK-3, Cu-NH2-CMK-3 and Co-NH2-CMK-3,respectively) and the materials thus prepared were used as heterogeneous catalysts for the aerobic oxidation of styrene. X-ray diffraction, nitrogen adsorption-desorption and transmission measurements confirmed the structural integrity of the mesoporous hosts, and spectroscopic characterization techniques (Fourier transform infrared, X-ray photoelectron, Raman) and thermogravimetry confirmed the ligands and the successful anchoring of the acetylacetone complexes to the modified mesoporous support. VO-NH2-CMK-3 displayed a relatively good catalytic performance with 94.6% of styrene conversion using air as oxidant, while Cu-NH2-CMK-3 gave 99.6% of styrene conversion using tert-butyl hydroperoxide as oxidant. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The work reported was aimed at a simple method to improve the of Mo/HMCM-22 in methane . The catalysts were characterized using X-ray diffraction, scanning , N2 adsorption-desorption, NH3 temperature-programmed desorption, infrared spectra of pyridine adsorption, and thermogravimetric analysis. Physicochemical measurements indicated that Mo species with smaller size in HMCM-22 would sublimate more easily and form Mo species at the atomic/molecular level and then interact well with the internal Brønsted acid sites to form Mo-O-Al active species. Catalytic results confirmed that nano-MoO3-modified HMCM-22 showed higher methane conversion and aromatics yield (13.1 versus 8.9%) than commercial MoO3-modified HMCM-22 (11.0 versus 7.5%). In addition, nano-MoO3-modified HMCM-22 showed better durability compared with commercial MoO3-modified MCM-22. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cobalt(II), iron(III) or oxovanadium(II) Schiff base metal complexes have been covalently grafted onto graphene oxide ( GO) previously functionalized with 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane. Potential catalytic behaviors were tested in the of styrene, using air as the oxidant. The catalysts were characterized using infrared (IR) and Raman spectroscopies, thermogravimetric analyses, atomic (ICP-AES), X-ray diffraction, nitrogen adsorption-desorption, scanning (SEM) and transmission (TEM). IR spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analyses and ICP-AES confirmed the successful incorporation of the metal Schiff base complexes onto GO. X-ray diffraction, nitrogen adsorption-desorption, , SEM and TEM showed the intact structure of the GO. Co-GO and Fe-GO showed high styrene conversion (90.8 versus 86.7%) and epoxide selectivity (63.7 versus 51.4%). Nevertheless, VO-GO showed poorer catalytic performance compared with Co-GO and Fe-GO. The recycling results of these heterogeneous catalysts showed good recoverability without significant loss of activity and selectivity within four successive runs. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Core-shell structural magnetic nanocatalysts, involving carbon-coated magnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles supported on graphene oxide sheets (mildly reduced graphene oxide (MRGO)/Fe3O4@C) and carbonaceous coatings on magnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles (Fe3O4@C), for immobilizing metal (CuII, CoII, FeIII or VOIV)-salen complexes were prepared by a facile, green, and efficient chemical approach and first applied in the aerobic epoxidation of styrene with air as the oxidizing agent. The prepared catalysts were characterized by different techniques, such as XRD, TEM, FTIR spectroscopy, inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy, TEM, thermogravimetric analysis, Raman spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The magnetic nanocatalysts MRGO/Fe3O4@C-salen-M (M=Cu, Co, Fe, or V) exhibited higher catalytic reactivity than that of the corresponding Fe3O4@C-salen-M (M=Cu, Co, Fe, or V) species possibly owing to site isolation, good dispersion of magnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles, and an efficiently synergistic effect between the metal complexes and the supports. Furthermore, MRGO/Fe3O4@C-salen-Co exhibited up to 92.3 % conversion of styrene and 59.2 % selectivity to the styrene oxide upon using air as the oxidizing agent and showed good recoverability with negligible loss in activity and selectivity within successive runs owing to superparamagnetism. Most importantly, these materials can be easily recovered by simple magnetic separation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Transition metal salen complex MoO2-salen was successfully tethered onto amino-functionalized graphene oxide (designated as MoO2-salen-GO), which was tested in the of various alkenes using tert-butylhydroperoxide or H2O2 as oxidant. Characterization results showed that dioxomolybdenum(VI) complex was successfully grafted onto the amino-functionalized graphene oxide and the structure of the graphene oxide was well preserved after several stepwise synthesis procedures. Catalytic tests showed that heterogeneous catalyst MoO2-salen-GO was more active than its homogeneous analogue MoO2-salen in the of cyclooctene due to site isolation. In addition, the MoO2-salen-GO catalyst could be reused three times without significant loss of activity. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Constructing π‐conjugated polymer structures through covalent bonds dominates the design of organic framework photocatalysts, which significantly depends on the selection of multiple donor‐acceptor building blocks to narrow the optical gap and increase the lifetimes of charge carriers. In this work, self‐bipolarized organic frameworks of single aromatic units are demonstrated as novel broad‐spectrum‐responsive photocatalysts for H2O2 production. The preparation of such photocatalysts is only to fix the aromatic units (such as 1,3,5‐triphenylbenzene) with alkane linkers in 3D space. Self‐bipolarized aromatic units can drive the H2O2 production from H2O and O2 under natural sunlight, wide pH ranges (3.0‐10.0) and natural water sources. Moreover, it can be extended to catalyze the oxidative coupling of amines. Experimental and theoretical investigation demonstrate that such a strategy obeys the mechanism of through‐space π‐conjugation, where the closely face‐to‐face overlapped aromatic rings permit the electron and energy transfer through the large‐area delocalization of the electron cloud under visible light irradiation. This work introduces a novel design concept for the development of organic photocatalysts, which will break the restriction of conventional through‐band π‐conjugation structure and will open a new way in the synthesis of organic photocatalysts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]