1. Association between ambient air pollution and breast cancer risk: The multiethnic cohort study.
- Author
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Cheng, Iona, Tseng, Chiuchen, Wu, Jun, Yang, Juan, Conroy, Shannon M., Shariff‐Marco, Salma, Li, Lianfa, Hertz, Andrew, Gomez, Scarlett Lin, Le Marchand, Loïc, Whittemore, Alice S., Stram, Daniel O., Ritz, Beate, and Wu, Anna H.
- Subjects
AIR pollution ,BREAST cancer ,PROPORTIONAL hazards models ,AIR pollutants ,JAPANESE Americans - Abstract
Previous studies using different exposure methods to assess air pollution and breast cancer risk among primarily whites have been inconclusive. Air pollutant exposures of particulate matter and oxides of nitrogen were estimated by kriging (NOx, NO2, PM10, PM2.5), land use regression (LUR, NOx, NO2) and California Line Source Dispersion model (CALINE4, NOx, PM2.5) for 57,589 females from the Multiethnic Cohort, residing largely in Los Angeles County from recruitment (1993–1996) through 2010. Cox proportional hazards models were used to examine the associations between time‐varying air pollution and breast cancer incidence adjusting for confounding factors. Stratified analyses were conducted by race/ethnicity and distance to major roads. Among all women, breast cancer risk was positively but not significantly associated with NOx (per 50 parts per billion [ppb]) and NO2 (per 20 ppb) determined by kriging and LUR and with PM2.5 and PM10 (per 10 μg/m3) determined by kriging. However, among women who lived within 500 m of major roads, significantly increased risks were observed with NOx (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.35, 95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 1.02–1.79), NO2 (HR = 1.44, 95% CI: 1.04–1.99), PM10 (HR = 1.29, 95% CI: 1.07–1.55) and PM2.5 (HR = 1.85, 95% CI: 1.15–2.99) determined by kriging and NOx (HR = 1.21, 95% CI:1.01–1.45) and NO2 (HR = 1.26, 95% CI: 1.00–1.59) determined by LUR. No overall associations were observed with exposures assessed by CALINE4. Subgroup analyses suggested stronger associations of NOx and NO2 among African Americans and Japanese Americans. Further studies of multiethnic populations to confirm the effects of air pollution, particularly near‐roadway exposures, on the risk of breast cancer is warranted. What's new? Prior studies of air pollution and breast cancer generally have employed one method of exposure assessment and have focused on white women, with inconsistent results. Here, three exposure assessment methods, kriging interpolation, land use regression (LUR), and California Line Source Dispersion model (CALINE4), were used to investigate associations between long‐term air pollutant exposure and breast cancer risk in the Southern California Multiethnic Cohort. Breast cancer risk was increased in association with air pollution exposure among women residing near major roads according to kriging and LUR measures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
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