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Life‐history traits and population size of organisms may be affected by fitness costs associated with insecticide resistance. In this study, we examined the insecticide resistance and life‐history traits of Paederus fuscipes (Curtis), a common generalist predator, in field populations from Taiwan (high‐latitude region; 22° N–25° N) and Malaysia (low‐latitude region; 3° N–5° N). The results showed that Malaysian populations had higher imidacloprid resistance compared with Taiwanese populations. The fitness costs associated with imidacloprid resistance resulted in reduced fecundity, longer adult pre‐oviposition period, shorter egg length, and lighter pupal weight in the Malaysian populations, in contrast to the Taiwanese populations. However, the immature developmental time of the Malaysian populations was relatively short compared with the Taiwanese populations. The longevity of the Taiwanese populations was significantly shorter compared with the Malaysian populations. The fecundity of the adult populations increased in inverse proportion to longevity. The intrinsic rate of increase was significantly lower in the Malaysian populations compared with the Taiwanese populations. This regional‐scale study provided insights into the differences in life‐history traits and population growth of P. fuscipes as a result of fitness cost. However, it is worth noting that despite the high intrinsic rate of increase observed in the Taiwanese populations, among other factors, cannibalism may serve as a density‐dependent compensatory mechanism in regulating population size. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chronic pancreatitis (CP) is a complex disease with genetic and environmental factors at play. Through trio exome sequencing, a de novo SEC16A frameshift variant in a Chinese teenage CP patient is identified. Subsequent targeted next‐generation sequencing of the SEC16A gene in 1,061 Chinese CP patients and 1,196 controls reveals a higher allele frequency of rare nonsynonymous SEC16A variants in patients (4.90% vs 2.93%; odds ratio [OR], 1.71; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.26–2.33). Similar enrichments are noted in a French cohort (OR, 2.74; 95% CI, 1.67–4.50) and in a biobank meta‐analysis (OR, 1.16; 95% CI, 1.04–1.31). Notably, Chinese CP patients with SEC16A variants exhibit a median onset age 5 years earlier than those without (40.0 vs 45.0; p = 0.012). Functional studies using three CRISPR/Cas9‐edited HEK293T cell lines show that loss‐of‐function SEC16A variants disrupt coat protein complex II (COPII) formation, impede secretory protein vesicles trafficking, and induce endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress due to protein overload. Sec16a+/− mice, which demonstrate impaired zymogen secretion and exacerbated ER stress compared to Sec16a+/+, are further generated. In cerulein‐stimulated pancreatitis models, Sec16a+/− mice display heightened pancreatic inflammation and fibrosis compared to wild‐type mice. These findings implicate a novel pathogenic mechanism predisposing to CP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bimetallic phosphides are considered as promising electrocatalysts for zinc–air batteries toward oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). To address the semi‐conductor inherent low electronic conductivity and catalytic activity, a polymetal‐chelated strategy is employed to in situ fabricate bimetallic nanophosphides within carbon matrix anchoring by chemical bonding. The employment of biomolecule polydopamine (PDA) efficiently anchors various transition metal ions due to its strong chelating capability via inherent functional groups. Furthermore, the chelation of multi‐metal ion is proved to promote the formation of graphitic nitrogen. The bimetallic FexCoyP phosphides nanoparticles are intimately encapsulated in carbon matrix through in situ carbonization and phosphatization processes. When utilized in Zinc–air batteries, Fe0.20Co0.80P anchored within N, P co‐doped sub‐microsphere (Fe0.20Co0.80P /PNC) exhibit a maximum power density of 167 mW cm−2 and cycle life up to 270 cycles, with a round‐trip voltage of 0.955 V. The mechanisms for catalytic activity passivation are ascribed to the etching of nitrogen and oxidation of phosphorus in carbon matrix, as well as the oxidation of the surface phosphide on the sub‐microspheres. This study presents a promising candidate for advancing the further development of energy conversation catalysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Potassium metal batteries (PMBs) are regarded as viable candidates for future electrochemical energy storage devices with potential high energy density and low cost. However, uncontrollable potassium dendrite growth and huge volume expansion severely inhibit the practical application of PMBs. Herein, inspired by the structure and functionalities of tree bark, an antimony (Sb) nano‐clusters decorated N‐doped interconnected carbon nanospheres/potassium composite electrode with biomimetic fast ionic channels is developed to realize the dendrite‐free potassium metal batteries. The composite electrode provides abundant nucleation sites and interconnected ion transport channels, facilitating rapid ion transport kinetics and highly reversible potassium plating/stripping behaviors. Consequently, the assembled symmetric cell exhibits an ultra‐long cycle life (1100 h at 1.0 mA cm−2/1.0 mAh cm−2) in carbonate electrolyte. Moreover, the K full cells demonstrate enhanced cycling stability (1500 cycles at 8 C) and rate capacity (117.27 mAh g−1 at 20 C). This novel biomimetic design of composite anode presents an effective and rational approach for achieving stable PMBs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As the cyclable sodium ions' primary suppliers, O3‐type layer‐structured manganese‐based oxides are recognized as one of the most competitive cathode candidates for sodium‐ion batteries. Suffering from complex structural transformations and transition metal migration during the sodium intercalation/deintercalation process, particularly at high voltage, the energy density and lifespan cannot satisfy the increasing demand. The orbital and electronic structure of the octahedral center metal element plays an important role in maintaining the octahedral structural integrity and improving the Na+ diffusivity by the introduced heterogeneous [Me–O] (Me: transition metals) chemical bonding. Herein, inspired by the 4f and 5d orbital bonding possibility from the abundant configuration of extranuclear electrons and large ion radius, O3‐type Na[La0.01Ni0.3Mn0.54Cu0.1Ti0.05]O2 was synthesized with a nearly single crystal structure. Based on the experimental and computational results, the introduced heterogeneous [La–O] chemical bond with larger bond strength can not only ensure the stability of the lattice oxygen framework and the reversibility of oxygen redox but also optimize the oxygen local electronic structure resulting from La 5d and O 2p orbital mixing due to O 2p → La 5d charge transfer. It delivers an optimal electrochemical performance with a high energy density and cycling lifespan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Working memory (WM) involves the capacity to maintain and manipulate information over short periods. Previous research has suggested that fronto‐parietal activities play a crucial role in WM. However, there remains no agreement on the effect of working memory load (WML) on neural activities and haemodynamic responses. Here, our study seeks to examine the effect of WML through simultaneous electroencephalography (EEG) and functional near‐infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). In this study, a delay change detection task was conducted on 23 healthy volunteers. The task included three levels: one item, three items and five items. The EEG and fNIRS were simultaneously recorded during the task. Neural activities and haemodynamic responses at prefrontal and parietal regions were analysed using time‐frequency analysis and weighted phase‐lag index (wPLI). We observed a significant enhancement in prefrontal and parietal β suppression as WML increased. Furthermore, as WML increased, there was a notable enhancement in fronto‐parietal connectivity (FPC), as evidenced by both EEG and fNIRS. Correlation analysis indicated that as WML increased, there was a potential for enhancement of neurovascular coupling (NVC) of FPC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A series of triphenol‐diamine‐type hyperbranched benzoxazines are synthesized by using polyformaldehyde, 1,1,1‐tri(4‐hydroxyphenyl) ethane, and primary amines such as p‐phenylenediamine, 4,4′‐diaminodiphenylmethane, polyetheramine, and bifuranocyclic diamine via Mannich condensation. Then, copolymers with bifunctional benzoxazine (BA‐a) are prepared to obtain superior properties. The polymerization behavior of the copolymers examined using a differential scanning calorimeter and a Fourier transform infrared indicates that the introduction of hyperbranched benzoxazines facilitates the benzoxazine curing reaction, decreasing the onset and peak temperatures of the curing process. Thermogravimetric analysis results suggest the cured hyperbranched benzoxazine demonstrates good thermal stability and can improve the heat resistance of benzoxazine. In addition, dynamic mechanical analysis suggests the glass transition temperature of the copolymers with BA‐a was increased after copolymerization, thus making all the copolymers obtain higher service temperatures. The test results from the universal testing machine and the fracture morphologies of copolymers indicate the hyperbranched benzoxazines with branched structures cause dendritic folds to appear on the surface of copolymers upon polymerization, preventing rapid cracking and spreading of the thermoset resin by dissipating more impact energy through this irregular dendritic appearance, thus obtaining strength and toughness superior to that of BA‐a resins. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chronic rhinosinusitis without nasal polyp (CRSsNP) is characterized by tissue repair/remodeling and the subepithelial stroma region in whose nasal mucosa has been reported by us to have thromboxane A2 (TXA2) prostanoid (TP) receptor and overexpress connective tissue growth factor (CTGF). Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the relationship between TP receptor activation and CTGF production/function in human CRSsNP nasal mucosa stromal fibroblasts. We found that TP agonists including U46619 and IBOP ([1S‐[1α,2α(Z),3β(1E,3 S*),4α]]‐7‐[3‐[3‐hydroxy‐4‐(4‐iodophenoxy)‐1‐butenyl]‐7‐oxabicyclo[2.2.1]hept‐2‐yl]‐5‐heptenoic acid) could promote CTGF protein/messenger RNA expression and secretion. The pharmacological intervention and TP activation assay with U46619 identified the possible participation of PKCμ, PKCδ, nuclear factor‐κB (NF‐κB), and cyclic AMP response element‐binding protein (CREB) phosphorylation/activation in the CTGF induction. Moreover, a phorbol ester—phorbol‐12‐myristate 13‐acetate (PMA) exhibited a similar cellular signaling and CTGF production profile to that elicited by TP activation. However, further small interfering RNA interference analysis revealed that only NF‐κB and PKCδ‐CREB pathways were necessarily required for TP‐mediated CTGF production, which could not be completely supported by those findings from PMA. Finally, in a functional assay, although CTGF did not affect fibroblast proliferation, TP‐mediated CTGF could drive novel self‐migration in fibroblasts both in the scratch/wound healing and transwell apparatus assays. Meanwhile, the overall staining for stress fibers and formation of the lamellipodia and filopodia‐like structures was concomitantly increased in the treated migrating cells. Collectively, we provided here that novel TP mediates CTGF production and self‐migration in human nasal fibroblasts through NF‐κB and PKCδ‐CREB signaling pathways. More importantly, we also demonstrated that thromboxane, TP receptor, CTGF, and stromal fibroblasts may act in concert in the tissue remodeling/repair process during CRSsNP development and progression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The c. 270 endemic species of Pedicularis in the Himalaya–Hengduan Mountains (HHM) region exhibit high diversity in geographic distribution, elevational range and floral morphology. Many of these, including the species with the longest corolla tubes and beaked galeas, are monophyletic and represent a putative in situ radiation. In this study, we focus on the representative Clade 3 within the HHM region. We integrate the plastid phylogeny of this clade with environmental data and species distributions to infer environmental correlates of species diversity. We estimate macroevolutionary rates and reconstructed ancestral states for geographic ranges and corolla traits, and analyse patterns of range overlap and niche evolution to assess drivers of diversification in the HHM region. Our results show that the region from northwest Yunnan to southwest Sichuan is the centre of diversity for this clade of Pedicularis. Rates of diversification are associated with precipitation and multiple environmental factors. Multiple range expansions from the Sanjiang (Three Parallel Rivers) region, followed by allopatric speciation across the HHM region, contributed to early rapid diversification. Corolla traits are not significantly associated with species diversification. This study highlights the importance of integrated evidence for understanding species diversification dynamics and contributes to our understanding of the origins of the remarkable richness of plant species in the HHM region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Comprehensive Summary: Electrochemical attenuated total reflection surface‐enhanced infrared absorption spectroscopy (ATR‐SEIRAS) plays an important role in deciphering interfacial reaction mechanisms at molecular level. However, the corrosive etching of Si internal reflection element by OH− largely impedes reliable SEIRAS measurements in strong alkaline electrolytes. Herein, a dense and chemically inert nanocrystalline diamond (NCD) film is successfully fabricated at a thickness of ~120 nm through hot filament chemical vapor deposition on a micromachined Si wafer to insulate the OH− etching. A reversible interfacial water feature without spectral interference of Si‐O band is obtained in 1.0 mol·L–1 KOH on Au/NCD/Si film electrode. Afterwards, electrochemical CO reduction reaction on Cu film electrode is explored in different KOH concentrations ranging from 0.1 to 3.0 mol·L–1 as a model reaction. A redshift of COL band, as well as its lower intensity but faster depletion kinetics, is noted with increasing electrolyte pH, whereas COB is identified as an inert spectator accumulating on Cu surface. Our present work demonstrates the alkaline resistant feature of diamond/Si composite internal reflection element, which could be a powerful platform to study electrocatalytic reactions in strong alkaline media. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To enhance the CO2 hydrogenation activity and low‐carbon olefin selectivity of Fe‐based catalysts, a strategy involving the use of metal promoters to modulate the structure of active metal centers in catalyst preparation was proposed. The incipient wetness impregnation method was used to introduce modifying agents K and/or Co into the Fe/Al2O3 catalyst. Characterization techniques such as XRD, BET, SEM, HRTEM, H2‐TPR, XPS, CO2‐TPD, NH3‐TPD, and TG were employed to investigate the effects of the modifying agents on the dispersion, reducibility, electronic properties, and acid–base properties of active metal species. Furthermore, the influence of K and Co modification on the CO2 hydrogenation activity and low‐carbon olefin selectivity of Fe/Al2O3 catalysts was explored. The results revealed that the introduction of K generated more basic sites and electron‐rich active metal centers in the catalyst, facilitating the adsorption and activation of CO2, while suppressing the hydrogenation of olefins and the formation of methane, thus improving the selectivity towards low‐carbon olefins. Co promoter facilitated the dispersion of Fe species, exposing more active sites and enhancing the FTS reaction activity, leading to more CO being converted into C2+ hydrocarbon products. Under the synergistic effect of K and Co, the CO2 conversion activity of the Fe‐based catalyst significantly increased, achieving a CO2 conversion rate of 37%, while the selectivity towards C2‐C4= increased to 31.9%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Blood transfusions save lives and improve health every day. Despite the matching of blood types being stricter than it ever has been, emergency transfusions among incompatible blood types are still inevitable in the clinic when there is a lack of acceptable blood types for recipients. Here to overcome this, a counter measure nanoplatform consisting of a polymeric core coated by a red blood cell (RBC) membrane is developed. With A‐type or B‐type RBC membrane camouflaging, the nanoplatform is capable of specifically capturing anti‐A or anti‐B IgM antibodies within B‐type or A‐type whole blood, thereby decreasing the corresponding IgM antibody levels and then allowing the incompatible blood transfusions. In addition to IgM, the anti‐RBC IgG antibody in a passive immunization murine model can likewise be neutralized by this nanoplatform, leading to prolonged circulation time of incompatible donor RBCs. Noteworthily, nanoplatform made by expired RBCs (>42 days stored hypothermically) and then subjected to lyophilization does not impair their effect on antibody neutralization. Most importantly, antibody‐captured RBC‐NP do not exacerbate the risk of inflammation, complement activation, and coagulopathy in an acute hemorrhagic shock murine model. Overall, this biomimetic nanoplatform can safely neutralize the antibody to enable incompatible blood transfusion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: During the brewing of soy sauce, the conversion of multiple substances is driven by various microorganisms and their secreted enzyme systems. Soy sauce mash is an important source of enzyme systems during moromi fermentation, but the changes of enzyme systems in soy sauce mash during moromi fermentation are poorly understood. In order to explore the predominant enzyme systems existing during moromi fermentation and to explain the characteristics of the enzyme system changes, an enzymatic activities assay and 4D‐label‐free proteomics analysis were conducted on soy sauce mash at different stages of fermentation. RESULTS: The activities of hydrolytic enzymes in soy sauce mash decreased continuously throughout the fermentation process, while most of the characteristic physicochemical substances in soy sauce mash supernatant had already accumulated at the early stage of fermentation. Four hydrolytic enzymes were found to be positively correlated with important physicochemical indexes by principal component analysis and Pearson correlation analysis. The proteomics analysis revealed three highly upregulated enzymes and two enzymes that were present in important metabolic pathways throughout the fermentation process. Furthermore, it was found that Aspergillus oryzae was able to accumulate various nutrients in the soy sauce mash by downregulating most of its metabolic pathways. CONCLUSION: Enzymes present with excellent properties during the moromi fermentation period could be obtained from these results. Meanwhile, the characterization of the metabolic pathways of microorganisms during the moromi fermentation period was revealed. The results provide a basis for more scientific and purposeful improvement of moromi fermentation in the future. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The entanglement generation of two two‐level giant atoms coupled to a photonic waveguide, which is formed by a Su–Schrieffer–Heeger (SSH) type coupled‐cavity array is studied. Here, each atom is coupled to the waveguide through two coupling points.The two‐atom separate‐coupling case is studied, and 16 coupling configurations are considered for the coupling‐point distributions between the two atoms and the waveguide. Quantum master equations are derived to govern the evolution of the two atoms and characterize atomic entanglement by calculating the concurrence of the two‐atom states. It is found that the two giant‐atom entanglement depends on the coupling configurations and the coupling‐point distance of the giant atoms. In particular, the entanglement dynamics of the two giant atoms in 14 coupling configurations depend on the dimerization parameter of the SSH waveguide. According to the self‐energies of the two giant atoms, it is found that ten of these 16 coupling configurations can be divided into five pairs. It is also showed that the delayed sudden birth of entanglement between the two giant atoms is largely enhanced in these five pairs of coupling configurations. This work will promote the study of quantum effects and coherent manipulation in giant‐atom topological‐waveguide‐QED. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of potassium‐ion batteries (KIBs) relies on the exploration of stable layer‐structured oxide cathode materials and a comprehensive understanding of ion storage and diffusion behaviors. A multiphase riveting‐structured O3/P2/P3‐Na0.9[Ni0.3Mn0.55Cu0.1Ti0.05]O2 (Tri‐NMCT) is employed as cathode material for KIBs. It demonstrates an initial discharge specific capacity of 108 mA g−1 at current density of 15 mA g−1 in the voltage range of 1.5–4 V. Excellent cyclic stability is exhibited as well with a high 83% capacity retention after 600 cycles at a higher current density of 300 mA g−1. Based on the in‐situ XRD, it reveals that the P2 phase offers a more stable triangular prism site compared to the O3 phase. This stability inhibits the undesired phase transition from P3 to O3 during discharge, thereby ensuring the long‐term cyclic performance. Furthermore, Density of state (DOS) calculations and migration barrier analyses indicate a preferential migration of K+ ions to the P2 phase due to the lower Fermi level. This observation elucidates the structural preservation of the P3 phase during K+ embedding. Overall, this work sheds light on Tri‐NMCT as a promising cathode material for advanced KIBs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rechargeable zinc‐ion battery is regarded as a promising candidate for the next‐generation energy storage system, however, zinc dendrite growth and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) have greatly hindered the practical application of the battery. Herein, a functionalized, nano‐engineering Zn2+ coordinated carboxylate cellulose solid‐state electrolyte (denoted as Zn‐CCNF@XG) for zinc‐ion battery is constructed through a straightforward approach. According to the experimental and density functional theory (DFT) results of dissociation energy, the notably decreased dissociation energy by −COOH is favorable to Zn2+ de‐coordinating and rapid ion‐hopping in Zn‐CCNF@XG to achieve high ionic conductivity and transference number. More importantly, the engineered molecular channels are beneficial to enlarging the distance between the nanofibril chains, providing a larger space for the movement of Zn2+. Benefiting from the coordination of Zn2+ with −OH in carboxylate cellulose nanofibrils, Zn‐CCNF@XG as a good ionic conductor displays a high ionic conductivity of 1.17 × 10−4 S cm−1 and transference number of 0.78. The Zn||NaV3O8·1.5H2O full cell with Zn‐CCNF@XG maintains a capacity retention of 83.46% with a coulombic efficiency of 99.99% after 3000 cycles (1 A g−1). The proposed strategy by introducing a functional group to cellulose nanofibrils effectively avoids the dendrite and HER, providing valuable guidelines for the practical application of zinc‐ion batteries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The locally oriented roughness is a common feature of surface finished by a machining process, such as the surface of the cylinder liner, and may significantly influence lubrication characteristic. A homogenised transient Reynolds equation for the locally oriented roughness is derived. The Jacobsson–Floberg–Olsson (JFO) boundary conditions was implicitly incorporated into the transient Reynolds equation to ensure the mass flow conservation. On this foundation, a model for the transient lubrication in the cylinder liner‐piston ring considering the effects of the surface roughness and cavitation is established. Then, the results of model developed here are compared with those from the stochastic model by Patir and Cheng. and the effect of the direction of roughness on the lubrication properties is analysed. The homogenised transient Reynolds equation and the lubrication model developed here have great potential for understanding and optimising the transient lubrication considering the surface local roughness orientation, cavitation and starved lubrication. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Liver cancer is typified by a complex inflammatory tumor microenvironment, where an array of cytokines and stromal cells orchestrate a milieu that significantly influences tumorigenesis. Interleukin‐17A (IL‐17A), a pivotal pro‐inflammatory cytokine predominantly secreted by Th17 cells, is known to play a substantial role in the etiology and progression of liver cancer. However, the precise mechanism by which IL‐17A engages with hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) to facilitate the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains to be fully elucidated. This investigation seeks to unravel the interplay between IL‐17A and HSCs in the context of HCC. Methods: An HCC model was established in male Sprague–Dawley rats using diethylnitrosamine to explore the roles of IL‐17A and HSCs in HCC pathogenesis. In vivo overexpression of Il17a was achieved using adeno‐associated virus. A suite of molecular techniques, including RT‐qPCR, enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays, Western blotting, cell counting kit‐8 assays and colony formation assays, was employed for in vitro analyses. Results: The study findings indicate that IL‐17A is a key mediator in HCC promotion, primarily through the activation of hepatic progenitor cells (HPCs). This pro‐tumorigenic influence appears to be mediated by HSCs, rather than through a direct effect on HPCs. Notably, IL‐17A‐induced expression of fibroblast activation protein (FAP) in HSCs emerged as a critical factor in HCC progression. Silencing Fap in IL‐17A‐stimulated HSCs was observed to reverse the HCC‐promoting effects of HSCs. Conclusions: The collective evidence from this study implicates the IL‐17A/FAP signaling axis within HSCs as a contributor to HCC development by enhancing HPC activation. These findings bolster the potential of IL‐17A as a diagnostic and preventative target for HCC, offering new avenues for therapeutic intervention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aims: Accurate preoperative prediction of microvascular invasion (MVI) and recurrence‐free survival (RFS) is vital for personalised hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) management. We developed a multitask deep learning model to predict MVI and RFS using preoperative MRI scans. Methods: Utilising a retrospective dataset of 725 HCC patients from seven institutions, we developed and validated a multitask deep learning model focused on predicting MVI and RFS. The model employs a transformer architecture to extract critical features from preoperative MRI scans. It was trained on a set of 234 patients and internally validated on a set of 58 patients. External validation was performed using three independent sets (n = 212, 111, 110). Results: The multitask deep learning model yielded high MVI prediction accuracy, with AUC values of 0.918 for the training set and 0.800 for the internal test set. In external test sets, AUC values were 0.837, 0.815 and 0.800. Radiologists' sensitivity and inter‐rater agreement for MVI prediction improved significantly when integrated with the model. For RFS, the model achieved C‐index values of 0.763 in the training set and ranged between 0.628 and 0.728 in external test sets. Notably, PA‐TACE improved RFS only in patients predicted to have high MVI risk and low survival scores (p <.001). Conclusions: Our deep learning model allows accurate MVI and survival prediction in HCC patients. Prospective studies are warranted to assess the clinical utility of this model in guiding personalised treatment in conjunction with clinical criteria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Primary pulmonary lymphoepithelioma‐like carcinoma (PLELC) is a subtype of lung carcinoma associated with the Epstein–Barr virus (EBV). The clinical predictive biomarkers of immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) in PLELC require further investigation. Methods: We prospectively analysed EBV levels in the blood and immune tumor biomarkers of 31 patients with ICB‐treated PLELC. Viral EBNA‐1 and BamHI‐W DNA fragments in the plasma were quantified in parallel using quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Results: Progression‐free survival (PFS) was significantly longer in EBNA‐1 high or BamHI‐W high groups. A longer PFS was also observed in patients with both high plasma EBNA‐1 or BamHI‐W and PD‐L1 ≥ 1%. Intriguingly, the tumor mutational burden was inversely correlated with EBNA‐1 and BamHI‐W. Plasma EBV load was negatively associated with intratumoral CD8+ immune cell infiltration. Dynamic changes in plasma EBV DNA level were in accordance with the changes in tumor volume. An increase in EBV DNA levels during treatment indicated molecular progression that preceded the imaging progression by several months. Conclusions: Plasma EBV DNA could be a useful and easy‐to‐use biomarker for predicting the clinical activity of ICB in PLELC and could serve to monitor disease progression earlier than computed tomography imaging. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sensing of benzene vapor is a hot spot due to the volatile drastic carcinogen even at trace concentration. However, achieving convenient and rapid detection is still a challenge. As a sort of functional porous material, metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) have been developed as detection sensors by adsorbing benzene vapor and converting it into other signals (fluorescence intensity/wavelength, chemiresistive, weight or color, etc.). Supramolecular interaction between benzene molecules and the host framework, aperture size/shape and structural flexibility are influential factors in the performance of MOF‐based sensors. Therefore, enhancing the host‐guest interactions between the host framework and benzene molecules, or regulating the diffusion rate of benzene molecules by changing the aperture size/shape and flexibility of the host framework to enhance the detection signal are effective strategies for constructing MOF‐based sensors. This concept highlights several types of MOF‐based sensors for the detection of benzene vapor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ammonia, a vital component in the synthesis of fertilizers, plastics, and explosives, is traditionally produced via the energy‐intensive and environmentally detrimental Haber–Bosch process. Given its considerable energy consumption and significant greenhouse gas emissions, there is a growing shift toward electrocatalytic ammonia synthesis as an eco‐friendly alternative. However, developing efficient electrocatalysts capable of achieving high selectivity, Faraday efficiency, and yield under ambient conditions remains a significant challenge. This review delves into the decades‐long research into electrocatalytic ammonia synthesis, highlighting the evolution of fundamental principles, theoretical descriptors, and reaction mechanisms. An in‐depth analysis of the nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR) and nitrate reduction reaction (NitRR) is provided, with a focus on their electrocatalysts. Additionally, the theories behind electrocatalyst design for ammonia synthesis are examined, including the Gibbs free energy approach, Sabatier principle, d‐band center theory, and orbital spin states. The review culminates in a comprehensive overview of the current challenges and prospective future directions in electrocatalyst development for NRR and NitRR, paving the way for more sustainable methods of ammonia production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigated the effect of oral bovine serum albumin (BSA) on plasma amino acid profile and growth performance in blunt snout bream fed high‐fat and high‐energy diets. A total of 360 fish (average weight: 45.84 ± 0.07 g) were randomly divided into three groups in four replicates and fed with the control, high‐fat diet (HFD), and high‐energy diet (HED), respectively. After 12 weeks of feeding, fish were orally administered with 10% BSA for 10 h, with the blood and liver sample obtained at 10 h. The results showed no remarkable difference (p > 0.05) in final weight, weight gain rate, feed conversion ratio, protein efficiency ratio, and daily growth rate among dietary treatments. However, fish fed HFD and HED obtained significantly higher energy and nitrogen retention content than the control. Plasma valine and histidine content were more prevalent in fish fed the control diet than in HFD and HED groups. However, BSA significantly enhanced this content with higher values observed in arginine and alanine content than in control diets at 10 h. Significantly higher liver and plasma Aspartate aminotransferase, Xanthine oxidase, and Glutamate dehydrogenase content were found in the HFD than in the control group. However, the administration of BSA at 10 h improved these parameters similar to the control. Meanwhile, protease, Lipase, aminopeptidase N, carboxypeptidase A, and Na+ K+‐ATPase were influenced significantly (p < 0.001) by sampling time, dietary treatments, and their interaction. Fish fed with the HFD and HED significantly downregulated (p < 0.05) the akt, bcat2, 4e‐bp1, s6k1, and tor expression compared to the control. However, BSA administration at 10 h improved these genes similar to the control. This study indicated that oral BSA administration could benefit plasma amino acid through the TOR signaling pathway in blunt snout bream fed high‐fat and high‐energy diets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Plasmon‐mediated electrocatalysis that rests on the ability of coupling localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) and electrochemical activation, emerges as an intriguing and booming area. However, its development seriously suffers from the entanglement between the photoelectronic and photothermal effects induced by the decay of plasmons, especially under the influence of applied potential. Herein, using LSPR‐mediated CO2 reduction on Ag electrocatalyst as a model system, we quantitatively uncover the dominant photoelectronic effect on CO2 reduction reaction over a wide potential window, in contrast to the leading photothermal effect on H2 evolution reaction at relatively negative potentials. The excitation of LSPR selectively enhances the CO faradaic efficiency (17‐fold at −0.6 VRHE) and partial current density (100‐fold at −0.6 VRHE), suppressing the undesired H2 faradaic efficiency. Furthermore, in situ attenuated total reflection‐surface enhanced infrared absorption spectroscopy (ATR‐SEIRAS) reveals a plasmon‐promoted formation of the bridge‐bonded CO on Ag surface via a carbonyl‐containing C1 intermediate. The present work demonstrates a deep mechanistic understanding of selective regulation of interfacial reactions by coupling plasmons and electrochemistry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Adenosine monophosphate‐activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a sensor of cellular energy changes and controls food intake. This study investigates the effect of a high‐calorie diet (high fat diet [HFD], high carbohydrate diet [HCD] and high energy diet [HED]) on appetite and central AMPK in blunt snout bream. In the present study, fish (average initial weight 45.84 ± 0.07 g) were fed the control, HFD, HCD and HED in four replicates for 12 weeks. At the end of the feeding trial, the result showed that body mass index, specific growth rate, feed efficiency ratio and feed intake were not affected (p > 0.05) by dietary treatment. However, fish fed the HFD obtained a significantly higher (p < 0.05) lipid productive value, lipid gain and lipid intake than those fed the control diet, but no significant difference was attributed to others. Also, a significantly higher (p < 0.05) energy intake content was found in fish‐fed HFD, HCD and HED than those given the control diet. Long‐term HFD and HCD feeding significantly increased (p < 0.05) plasma glucose, glycated serum protein, advanced glycation end product, insulin and leptin content levels than the control group. Moreover, a significantly lower (p < 0.05) complex 1, 2 and 3 content was found in fish‐fed HFD and HCD than in the control, but no differences (p > 0.05) were attributed to those in HED. Fish‐fed HED significantly upregulated (p < 0.05) hypothalamic ampα 1 and ampα 2 expression, whereas the opposite trend was observed in the hypothalamic mammalian target of rapamycin than those in HFD and HCD compared to the control. However, hypothalamic neuropeptide y, peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor α (pparα), acetyl‐coa oxidase and carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 were significantly upregulated (p < 0.05) in the HCD group, while the opposite was seen in cholecystokinin expression compared to those in the control group. Our findings indicated that the central AMPK signal pathway and appetite were modulated according to the diet's energy level to regulate nutritional status and maintain energy homoeostasis in fish. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electrocatalyst plays animportant role in electrochemical ammonia synthesis by determining the nitrogen reduction reaction pathway. Featuring the inherent half‐filled 3d orbitals, ion‐based alloy electrocatalysts have been attracting much more attention owing to the controllable driving force to adsorb and activate N≡N bonds. Besides supplying unoccupied d‐orbital to accommodate lone‐pair electrons to facilitate nitrogen adsorption, donating d‐orbital electrons to nitrogen antibonding orbitals to dissociate N≡N bond is demandedas well. By palladium (Pd) to synthesize PdFe3 nano‐alloy, numerous Fe 3d orbitals can be reconstructed via charge polarization between Fe and Pd, simultaneously lowering corresponding work functions. Meanwhile, the positively charged Fesites in PdFe3 can strengthen suppress the proton adsorption by electrostatic repulsion. A considerably optimized ammonia production rate of 29.07 µg h−1 mgcat.−1 and Faradic efficiency of 22.8% are accomplished at a low overpotential of −0.2 V vs. RHE. Density functional theory combined with in‐situ ATR‐FTIR results confirmthe electrocatalytic nitrogen reduction follows the associative distalmechanism and the electron‐deficient Fe induced through Pd facilitates significantly lowering the first‐step‐protonation energy barrier of only 0.07 eV (*N2 + *H →*NNH). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A large amount of distal skarn Pb–Zn deposits without any causative intrusions exposed have been discovered along the eastern Nyainqêntanglha metallogenic belt (NMB) in the Gangdese region, Tibet, China. As a typical distal skarn Pb–Zn deposit in the east of NMB, the Mengya'a deposit is adjacent to the Longmala Pb–Zn ± Cu ± Fe deposit. However, the linkage between these two deposits is not unclear due to the chaotic dating results. In situ Laser Ablation Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (LA‐ICP‐MS) U–Pb dating of reddish‐brown and yellow‐green garnet from Mengya'a yielded lower intersect ages of 53.6 ± 3.1 and 52.4 ± 4.4 Ma, respectively, indicating that Pb–Zn mineralization took place during the main collision stage of the India–Asia plates. The δDSMOW values of garnet, quartz and calcite vary from −148.4‰ to −140.4‰, −123.5‰ to −115.3‰ and −127.9‰ to −121.3‰, with the δ18OH2O values ranging from 5.8‰ to 6.6‰, 0.4‰ to 3.7‰ and 1.0‰ to 1.7‰, respectively. The δ13CV‐PDB and δ18OSMOW values of calcite range from −8.2‰ to −4.7‰ and 9.8‰ to 18.6‰, respectively. These C–H–O isotopic compositions of hydrothermal minerals indicate that the ore‐forming fluids were initially derived from the magmatic water with progressive input of meteoric water from the prograde stage to the retrograde stage. The 87Sr/86Sr(53 Ma) ratios of sphalerite (0.72321–0.73474) are consistent with those of Ando gneiss in the Lhasa‐Golmud area, indicating that the basement gneiss makes a great contribution for the source of ore‐forming materials. The newly obtained garnet U–Pb ages at Mengya'a are consistent with those of mineralization and causative intrusion in the Longmala Pb–Zn ± Fe ± Cu deposit, suggesting that the Mengya'a and Longmala deposits constitute an integrated distal skarn‐type system. This proposed hypothesis suggests that the Fe–Cu ± Pb ± Zn mineralization within the contact zone should focus on the locations beneath the identified Pb–Zn orebodies at Longmala and Pb‐21 orebody at Mengya'a. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cyclic azobenzene‐BODIPY hybrids were synthesized via cyclization by 1) acid‐catalysed condensation of azobenzene‐bridged dipyrroles with 3,5‐di‐tert‐butylbenzaldehyde, 2) oxidation with DDQ, and 3) metalation with BF3 ⋅ Et2O. The structures of many cyclic hybrids have been confirmed by single crystal X‐ray analysis. The absorption spectra of the hybrids reveal the effective cyclic conjugation. The ultrafast measurements reveal that the photoexcited decays of these cyclic hybrids depend upon the ring size and connectivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Autoantibodies (AAbs) in the blood of colorectal cancer (CRC) patients have been evaluated for tumor detection. However, it remains uncertain whether these AAbs are specific to tumor‐associated antigens. In this study, we explored the IgG and IgM autoantibody repertoires in both the in situ tissue microenvironment and peripheral blood as potential tumor‐specific biomarkers. We applied high‐density protein arrays to profile AAbs in the tumor‐infiltrating lymphocyte supernatants and corresponding serum from four patients with CRC, as well as in the serum of three noncancer controls. Our findings revealed that there were more reactive IgM AAbs than IgG in both the cell supernatant and corresponding serum, with a difference of approximately 3–5 times. Immunoglobulin G was predominant in the serum, while IgM was more abundant in the cell supernatant. We identified a range of AAbs present in both the supernatant and the corresponding serum, numbering between 432 and 780, with an average of 53.3% shared. Only 4.7% (n = 23) and 0.2% (n = 2) of reactive antigens for IgG and IgM AAbs, respectively, were specific to CRC. Ultimately, we compiled a list of 19 IgG AAb targets as potential tumor‐specific AAb candidates. Autoantibodies against one of the top candidates, p15INK4b‐related sequence/regulation of nuclear pre‐mRNA domain‐containing protein 1A (RPRD1A), were significantly elevated in 53 CRC patients compared to 119 controls (p < 0.0001). The project revealed that tissue‐derived IgG AAbs, rather than IgM, are the primary source of tumor‐specific AAbs in peripheral blood. It also identified potential tumor‐specific AAbs that could be applied for noninvasive screening of CRC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the current study, an isothermal compression molding process was used to develop enhanced green composites made from alkali‐treated pine nut shell particles (TPS) reinforced in fully bio‐driven benzoxazine (VB) and epoxy (EP) copolymer. Reinforcement with varying weight percent (wt%) of bio‐filler enhanced the properties of composites. Composites showed a rise of 75.9 MPa, 5.8 GPa, and 5.1 kJ/m2 in flexural strength, modulus, and impact strength, respectively. Thermal stability shows that composites can endure higher temperatures and hence be classified as flame‐retardant materials. The dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) confirms that composites exhibit higher storage modulus, which was elevated to 77.6% compared to the unfilled copolymer. FTIR spectroscopy analyzed the structure of copolymerized composites. Further, finite element analysis (FEA) was observed for the prepared composites. A transversely isotropic composite material model was created with the properties of composites, and stress analysis was observed. FEA outcomes are in good agreement with experimental findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A technique combining ion mobility spectrometry‐mass spectrometry (IMS‐MS) and supercharging electrospray ionization (ESI) has been demonstrated to differentiate protein chemical topology effectively. Incorporating as many charges as possible into proteins via supercharging ESI allows the protein chains to be largely unfolded and stretched, revealing their hidden chemical topology. Different chemical topologies result in differing geometrical sizes of the unfolded proteins due to constraints in torsional rotations in cyclic domains. By introducing new topological indices, such as the chain‐length‐normalized collision cross‐section (CCS) and the maximum charge state (zM) in the extensively unfolded state, we were able to successfully differentiate various protein chemical topologies, including linear chains, ring‐containing topologies (lasso, tadpole, multicyclics, etc.), and mechanically interlocked rings, like catenanes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Muscular dystrophy (MD) is a genetic disorder that causes progressive muscle weakness and degeneration. Limb‐girdle muscular dystrophy (LGMD) is a type of MD that mainly causes muscle atrophy within the shoulder and pelvic girdles. LGMD is classified into autosomal dominant (LGMD‐D) and autosomal recessive (LGMD‐R) inheritance patterns. Mutations in the Dysferlin gene (DYSF) are common causes of LGMD‐R. However, genetic screening of DYSF mutations is rare in Taiwan. Herein, we identified a novel c.2867_2871del ACCAG deletion and a previously reported c.937+1G>A mutation in DYSF from a Taiwanese family with LGMD. The primary symptoms of both siblings were difficulty climbing stairs, walking on the toes, and gradually worsening weakness in the proximal muscles and increased creatine kinase level. Through pedigree analysis and sequencing, two siblings from this family were found to have compound heterozygous DYSF mutations (c. 937+1G>A and c. 2867_2871del ACCAG) within the separated alleles. These mutations induced early stop codons; if translated, truncated DYSF proteins will be expressed. Or, the mRNA products of these two mutations will merit the nonsense‐mediated decay, might result in no dysferlin protein expressed. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a novel c.2867_2871del ACCAG deletion in DYSF. Further research is required to examine the effects of the novel DYSF mutation in Taiwanese patients with LGMD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

By adhering to green chemistry principles, unique and enhanced benzoxazine composite is made from renewable vanillin and furfuryl amine. The bio‐benzoxazine poly(V‐BZF) structure was confirmed by 1H NMR and Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy spectroscopy. Enhanced composites were developed successfully by blending different chemical‐treated almond shell particles with poly(V‐BZF). Differential scanning calorimetry results reveal that novel benzoxazine's curing temperature was low and slightly reduced by incorporating chemically treated fillers. The lowest polymerizing temperature was recorded as 215°C for the blend of alkali‐treated particles. Thermogravimetric analysis demonstrates that composites exhibited superior thermal characteristics, and chemical treatment positively impacts filler material. The limiting oxygen index value classifies poly(V‐BZF) composites as flame‐retardant and extinguishing. Approximately a 47.56% increase in tensile strength and a 28.9% increase in modulus were recorded with the incorporation of silane‐treated filler. Flexural tests demonstrated that composites with silane‐treated particles showed maximum flexural strength of 101.5 MPa and a modulus of 4112.6 MPa. The impact strength of composites increased to 73.3%, expanding benzoxazine's manufacturing applications. In addition, the specimen was designed to have composite properties and stress analysis was performed in two Multiphysics software packages. In all, this work confirms that adopting environmentally‐friendly methodologies and surface modification of filler can yield superior composites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The biogeographical history of many lineages within the Lauraceae remains poorly known because of the difficulty of assigning macrofossils to living genera, poor pollen preservation, and the absence of sufficiently resolved or well‐supported phylogenies. Here, we utilize plastid genome sequencing to reinvestigate the phylogenetic and biogeographic history of trees in the tribe Cryptocaryeae, an important component of broad‐leaved forests worldwide, with around 800 species that rely on vertebrate frugivores to disperse their seeds. A new time‐calibrated phylogeny with high support for 176 species was used to infer the biogeographic history and speciation rates based on inferences of BAMM analyses. A monophyletic Cryptocaryeae with Aspidostemon, Beilschmiedia, Cryptocarya, Dahlgrenodendron, and Eusideroxylon clades was confirmed. The five clades of Cryptocaryeae were estimated to share a common ancestor in tropical Africa or Asia in the Early Cretaceous around 123 Ma. The Beilschmiedia and Cryptocarya clades were estimated to have originated in South America around 66 Ma. Extant subclades of the Beilschmiedia clade could colonize Australia by 35 Ma and extant subclades of the Cryptocarya clade could colonize Australia by 42 Ma. Diversification rates of the Beilschmiedia clade accelerated 14 and 12 Ma after its origin and diversification rates of the Cryptocarya clade accelerated 18 Ma after its origin. Over 45% extant Cryptocaryeae species originated in the three periods of accelerated differentiation in the Miocene of Asia and Australia. Long‐distance dispersal has had a major influence on biogeography, with dispersal to Asia likely occurring seven times, Zealandia six times, America three times, Australia three times, Africa twice, and Oceania at least once. Over 70% extant Cryptocaryeae species which diverged before the Quaternary grow in the Southern Hemisphere, while 90% extant Cryptocaryeae species which diverged in the Quaternary grow in the Northern Hemisphere. The Cryptocaryeae originated in and diversified with the first angiosperm‐dominated broad‐leaved evergreen forests, from the Cretaceous to the Paleogene. Long‐distance seed dispersal, probably by birds, although possibly also by flotation, has allowed the tribe to track these forests in space and time, despite a failure to adapt to cold, dry, or highly seasonal environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examined the spatial and monthly variations in reproductive dynamics of Pacific saury collected in the high sea (40°N−49°N, 149°E−168°E) of the northwestern Pacific during the fishing season of the Taiwanese stick‐held dip‐net fisheries (July–November) from 2018 to 2019. Generalized additive mixed‐effects models (GAMMs) were applied to explore the relationship between the probability of maturing and spawning occurrence (PMOS) and the explanatory variables (month, body length, sea‐surface temperature [SST] as fixed effects, and fishing set as a random effect) for the age 0 and age 1 fish, respectively. In addition, the impact of the geographical difference in growth rates of age 0 fish, quantified as the radius of the otolith annual ring, on the PMOS of age 1 fish was explored in the GAMMs. Results showed that the mean values of the condition factor (CF) varied by months, and higher mean CFs were observed north of 45°N. However, the mean values of the gonado‐somatic index did not show a clear spatiotemporal pattern. The spatial distribution of the ovarian maturation states revealed that the spawning ground of Pacific saury during July–November was broader than that previously known and had partly overlapped with the high‐sea fishing ground. The best GAMM showed that the predicted PMOS of the age 0 fish were generally low (mean = 19%, standard deviation [SD] = 10%) and tended to increase with increasing body length. In contrast, the predicted PMOS were relatively higher (mean = 37%, SD = 10%) for the age 1 fish and increased with increasing SST and decreasing latitude. Two candidate GAMMs, which are equally supported as the best model (ΔAIC < 2), provide evidence that a higher growth rate of age 0 fish may result in higher reproductive activity in age 1 fish. This is one of few studies focusing on the reproductive dynamics of Pacific saury during the fishing season; current limitations, future directions, and conservation implications were discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Chemical fungicides are the mainstay of plant disease control in agricultural production, but there are a very limited number of drugs that can effectively control plant diseases. Two series of secondary amine derivatives were synthesized using the diamine skeleton combined with saturated aromatic and aliphatic aldehydes, and their antibacterial and antifungal activities against plant pathogens were determined. In addition, the antimicrobial mechanism of the highly active compound A26 was preliminarily examined against Xanthomonas oryzae (Xoo). RESULTS: Compound A26 exhibited the highest antibacterial potency among all the target compounds, with MIC values of 3.12, 3.12 and 12.5 μg mL−1 against Xoo, Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. Citri and Pseudomonas sollamacearum, respectively. In addition, compound A26 had powerful curative and protective effects against Xoo at 200 μg mL−1, and was better than the control agent Xinjunan. Preliminary mechanistic studies showed that compound A26 reduced the bacterial pathogenicity by targeting cell membranes and inhibiting the secretion of extracellular polysaccharides. Meanwhile, the toxicity of compound A26 to Human Embryonic Kidney 293 cells and Human Liver‐7702 was similar to that of Xinjunan, and it had moderate toxicity according to the World Health Organization classification standard of oral exogenous toxicity, with an LD50 of 245.47 mg kg−1. CONCLUSION: Secondary amines have efficient and broad‐spectrum antibacterial activity against plant pathogenic bacteria and are expected to be a new class of candidate compounds for antibacterial drugs. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chemical topology refers to the three-dimensional arrangement (i.e., connectivity and spatial relationship) of a molecule's constituent atoms and bonds. The molecular mechanism for translation defines the linear configuration of all nascent proteins. Nontrivial protein topology arises only upon post-translational processing events and often imparts functional benefits such as enhanced stability, making topology a unique dimension for protein engineering. Utilizing the assembly-reaction synergy, our group has developed several methods for the effective and convenient cellular synthesis of a variety of topological proteins, such as lasso proteins, protein rotaxanes, and protein catenanes. The work opens the access to new protein classes and paves the road toward illustrating the topological effects on structure-function relationship of proteins, which lays solid foundation for exploring topological proteins' practical application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

K‐metal batteries have become one of the promising candidates for the large‐scale energy storage owing to the virtually inexhaustible and widely potassium resources. The uneven K+ deposition and dendrite growth on the anode causes the batteries prematurely failure to limit the further application. An integrated K‐metal anode is constructed by cold‐rolling K metal with a potassiphilic porous interconnected mediator. Based on the experimental results and theoretical calculations, it demonstrates that the potassiphilic porous interconnected mediator boosts the mass transportation of K‐metal anode by the K affinity enhancement, which decreases the concentration polarization and makes a dendrite‐free K‐metal anode interface. The interconnected porous structure mitigates the internal stress generated during repetitive deposition/stripping, enabling minimized the generation of electrode collapse. As a result, a durable K‐metal anode with excellent cycling ability of exceed 1, 000 h at 1 mA cm−2/1 mAh cm−2 and lower polarization voltage in carbonate electrolyte is obtained. This proposed integrated anode with fast K+ kinetics fabricated by a repeated cold rolling and folding process provides a new avenue for constructing a high‐performance dendrites‐free anode for K‐metal batteries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Transition metal sulphides based on conversion reaction mechanism have attracted much attention as anode materials for sodium‐ion batteries owing to their theoretical specific capacity and potential long lifespan. The unsatisfactory Coulombic efficiency, however, inhabits the cycling lifespan due to the intermediate polysulfide formation (Na2Sx; 4≤x≤6) and chain reactions. To enhance the polysulfide polysulfide adsorption capability and capacity, a hybrid with synergistic sodium storage and polysulfide adsorption capability was designed, in which massive CoS2 nanoparticles (CoS2 NP) were utilized as electrons supplier to enhance the adsorption energy of three‐dimensional nitrogen‐doped carbon (3D‐NC) framework towards sodium polysulfide. Combining the experimental and computational results, the encapsulated CoS2 can dramatically optimize the local electronic structure and function as a powerful electron reservoir to increase the effective adsorption to Na2Sx (4≤x≤6). Meanwhile, the electron transferring between CoS2 NP and 3D‐NC can facilitate the conversion of Na2S to Na2Sx. An ultra‐high initial Coulombic efficiency of 98.05 % and 98.38 % can be achieved at current densities of 0.06 A g−1 and 0.4 A g−1, respectively. Beneficial from the high reversible capability, a superior cycling lifespan is obtained up to 800 long cycles at current densities of 0.6 A g−1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In mammals, mothering is one of the most important prosocial female behavior to promote survival, proper sensorimotor, and emotional development of the offspring. Different intrinsic and extrinsic factors can initiate and maintain these behaviors, such as hormonal, cerebral, and sensory changes. Infant cues also stimulate multisensory systems and orchestrate complex maternal responsiveness. To understand the maternal behavior driven by complex sensory interactions, it is necessary to comprehend the individual sensory systems by taking out other senses. An excellent model for investigating sensory regulation of maternal behavior is a murine model of congenital blindness, the ZRDBA mice, where both an anophthalmic and sighted mice are generated from the same litter. Therefore, this study aims to assess whether visual inputs are essential to driving maternal behaviors in mice. Maternal behaviors were assessed using three behavioral tests, including the pup retrieval test, the home cage maternal behavior test, and the maternal aggression test. Our results show that blind mothers (1) took less time to retrieve their offspring inside the nest, (2) spent more time nursing and licking their offspring in the second‐ and third‐week postpartum, and (3) exhibited faster aggressive behaviors when exposed to an intruder male, compared to the sighted counterparts. This study provides evidence that congenitally blind mothers show more motivation to retrieve the pups, care, and protection towards their pups than sighted ones, likely due to a phenomenon of sensory compensation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a common malignancy affecting many people worldwide. Baicalin is a flavonoid extracted from the dried root of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi. It can effectively inhibit the occurrence and development of HCC. Nonetheless, the mechanism through which Baicalin inhibits HCC growth and metastasis remain unknown. This work discovered that Baicalin inhibited HCC cell proliferation, invasion, metastasis while inducing cell cycle arrest at the G0/G1 phase and apoptosis. In vivo HCC xenograft results indicated that Baicalin inhibited HCC growth. Western blotting analysis indicated that Baicalin suppressed the expressions of ROCK1, p‐GSK‐3β, and β‐catenin, whereas it up‐regulated the expressions of GSK‐3β and p‐β‐catenin. Baicalin also reduced the expressions of Bcl‐2, C‐myc, Cyclin D1, MMP‐9, and VEGFA, while increasing the expression of Bax. Molecular docking revealed that Baicalin docked in the binding site of the ROCK1 agonist, with a binding energy of −9 kcal/mol between the two. In addition, lentivirus‐mediated suppression of ROCK1 expression improved the inhibitory effect of Baicalin on the proliferation, invasion, and metastasis of HCC and the expression of proteins associated with ROCK1/GSK‐3β/β‐catenin signaling pathway. Moreover, restoring ROCK1 expression decreased the anti‐HCC efficacy of Baicalin. These findings suggest that Baicalin may decrease HCC proliferation and metastasis by suppressing ROCK1/GSK‐3β/β‐catenin signaling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]