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Nine quinoline‐1,2,4‐triazine hybrids (5 a–5 i) were designed, synthesized, and subjected to evaluation as potential anti‐cancer agents. Structures validation of the synthesized analogues was accomplished through comprehensive analysis employing NMR, HRMS, and IR spectroscopy techniques. Furthermore, the molecular structures of compounds 5 a, 5 d and 5 h were authenticated via single crystal X‐ray diffraction. In an extensive screening process against the human pancreatic cancer PANC‐1 cell line utilizing the MTT assay, all quinoline‐1,2,4‐triazine hybrids (5 a–5 i) manifested significant anti‐proliferative activity. Compound 5 g demonstrated a significant anti‐proliferative effect with an IC50 value of 26.8 μM, similar to the positive control, 5‐Fu. Subsequent investigations revealed varying degrees of cell viability in MDA‐MB‐231, A549, and UM‐UC‐3 cell lines upon exposure to different concentrations of compound 5 g. These findings lead us to postulate that compound 5 g may impede the migration, invasion, and adhesion of PANC‐1 cells, similar to the effects observed with 5‐Fu. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of novel metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) as efficient photocatalysts for hydrogen peroxide production from water and oxygen is particularly interesting, yet remains a challenge. Herein, we have prepared four cyclic trinuclear units (CTUs) based MOFs, exhibiting good light absorption ability and suitable band gaps for photosynthesis of H2O2. However, Cu‐CTU‐based MOFs are not able to photocatalyzed the formation of H2O2, while the alteration of metal nodes from Cu‐CTU to Ag‐CTU dramatically enhances the photocatalytic performance for H2O2 production and the production rates can reach as high as 17476 μmol g−1 h−1 with an apparent quantum yield of 4.72 %, at 420 nm, which is much higher than most reported MOFs. The photocatalytic mechanism is comprehensively studied by combining the isotope labeling experiments and DFT calculation. This study provides new insights into the preparation of MOF photocatalysts with high activity for H2O2 production through molecular engineering. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) that exhibit dynamic phase‐transition behavior under external stimuli could have great potential in adsorptive separations. Here we report on a zinc‐based microporous MOF (JNU‐80) and its reversible transformation between two crystalline phases: large pore (JNU‐80‐LP) and narrow pore (JNU‐80‐NP). Specifically, JNU‐80‐LP can undergo a dehydration‐induced cluster consolidation under heat treatment, resulting in JNU‐80‐NP with a reduced channel that allows exclusion of di‐branched hexane isomers while high adsorption of linear and mono‐branched hexane isomers. We further demonstrate the fabrication of MOF‐polymer composite (JNU‐80‐NP‐block) and its application in the purification of di‐branched isomers from liquid‐phase hexane mixtures (98 % di‐branched) at room temperature, affording the di‐branched hexane isomers with 99.5 % purity and close to 90 % recovery rate over ten cycles. This work illustrates an interesting dehydration‐induced cluster consolidation in MOF structure and the ensuing channel shrinkage for sieving di‐branched hexane isomers, which may have important implications for the development of MOFs with dynamic behavior and their potential applications in non‐thermal driven separation technologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pulmonary fibrosis represents the final alteration seen in a wide variety of lung disorders characterized by increased fibroblast activity and the accumulation of substantial amounts of extracellular matrix, along with inflammatory damage and the breakdown of tissue architecture. This condition is marked by a significant mortality rate and a lack of effective treatments. The depositing of an excessive quantity of extracellular matrix protein follows the damage to lung capillaries and alveolar epithelial cells, leading to pulmonary fibrosis and irreversible damage to lung function. It has been proposed that the connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) plays a critical role in the advancement of pulmonary fibrosis by enhancing the accumulation of the extracellular matrix and exacerbating fibrosis. In this context, the significance of CTGF in pulmonary fibrosis is examined, and a summary of the development of drugs targeting CTGF for the treatment of pulmonary fibrosis is provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Facing high overpotential, severe Li corrosion and degradation of electrolytes caused by the reactive oxygen species, the development of lithium–oxygen batteries is seriously limited. Although the iodine species have been considered to be effective redox mediators (RMs) for lowering the charging overpotential, the shuttling of oxidized I3− may attack the Li metal anode, compromising the number of RMs, cycling stability and energy efficiency. Here the intend to introduce 3‐Iodooxetane (C3H5OI, IOD) into TEGDME‐based electrolyte to form a protective SEI layer on the Li surface for defending against the attack of I3−. However, the iodine in IOD is found difficult to dissociate. To solve this problem, hard Lewis acid, aluminum trichloride (AlCl3) is proposed as the catalytic agent for dissociating the I− and triggering the ring‐opening reaction of the detached C3H5O+ ions. The former can dissociate redox couple I3−/I− while the latter can form oligomers or polymers under the attack of a nucleophile. Meanwhile, AlCl3 can form Al2O3 and LiCl inorganic species. Taking together, the introduction of IOD and AlCl3 into electrolytes can effectively derive reduced overpotential and in situ SEI layers consisting of flexible organics and rigid inorganics, endowing lithium–oxygen batteries over 150 cycles with significantly enhanced stability and lifespan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Liriomyza trifolii is an economically significant, invasive pest of horticultural and vegetable crops. The larvae form tunnels in foliage and hasten senescence and death. Outbreaks of L. trifolii often erupt in hot weather and are driven by thermotolerance; furthermore, the poor effectiveness of pesticides has made outbreaks more severe. But it is still unclear whether the development of insecticide tolerance will contribute to thermotolerance in L. trifolii. RESULTS: To explore potential synergistic relationships between insecticide exposure and thermotolerance in L. trifolii, we first generated an abamectin‐resistant (AB‐R) strain. Knockdown behavior, eclosion and survival rates, and expression levels of genes encoding heat shock proteins (Hsps) in L. trifolii were then examined in AB‐R and abamectin‐susceptible (AB‐S) strains. Our results demonstrated that long‐term selection pressure for abamectin resistance made L. trifolii more prone to develop cross‐resistance to other insecticides containing similar ingredients. Furthermore, the AB‐R strain exhibited enhanced thermotolerance and possessed an elevated critical thermal maximum temperature, and upregulated expression levels of Hsps during heat stress. CONCLUSION: Collectively, our results indicate that thermal adaptation in L. trifolii was accompanied by emerging abamectin resistance. This study provides a theoretical basis for investigating the synergistic or cross‐adaptive mechanisms that insects use to cope with adversity and demonstrates the complexity of insect adaptation to environmental and chemical stress. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are clonal hematopoietic disorders characterized by morphological abnormalities and peripheral blood cytopenias, carrying a risk of progression to acute myeloid leukemia. Although ferroptosis is a promising target for MDS treatment, the specific roles of ferroptosis‐related genes (FRGs) in MDS diagnosis have not been elucidated. Methods: MDS‐related microarray data were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. A comprehensive analysis of FRG expression levels in patients with MDS and controls was conducted, followed by the use of multiple machine learning methods to establish prediction models. The predictive ability of the optimal model was evaluated using nomogram analysis and an external data set. Functional analysis was applied to explore the underlying mechanisms. The mRNA levels of the model genes were verified in MDS clinical samples by quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR). Results: The extreme gradient boosting model demonstrated the best performance, leading to the identification of a panel of six signature genes: SREBF1, PTPN6, PARP9, MAP3K11, MDM4, and EZH2. Receiver operating characteristic curves indicated that the model exhibited high accuracy in predicting MDS diagnosis, with area under the curve values of 0.989 and 0.962 for the training and validation cohorts, respectively. Functional analysis revealed significant associations between these genes and the infiltrating immune cells. The expression levels of these genes were successfully verified in MDS clinical samples. Conclusion: Our study is the first to identify a novel model using FRGs to predict the risk of developing MDS. FRGs may be implicated in MDS pathogenesis through immune‐related pathways. These findings highlight the intricate correlation between ferroptosis and MDS, offering insights that may aid in identifying potential therapeutic targets for this debilitating disorder. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This study validated incident and recurrent ischemic stroke identified by International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD‐10) hospital discharge diagnosis codes. Methods: Using electronic health records (EHR) of adults (≥18 years) receiving care from Kaiser Permanente Southern California with ICD‐10 hospital discharge diagnosis codes of ischemic stroke (I63.x, G46.3, and G46.4) between October 2015 and September 2020, we identified 75 patients with both incident and recurrent stroke events (total 150 cases). Two neurologists independently evaluated validity of ICD‐10 codes through chart reviews. Results: The positive predictive value (PPV, 95% CI) for incident stroke was 93% (95% CI: 88%, 99%) and the PPV for recurrent stroke was 72% (95% CI: 62%, 82%). The PPV for recurrent stroke improved after applying a gap of 20 days (PPV of 75%; 95% CI: 63%, 87%) or removing hospital admissions related to stroke‐related procedures (PPV of 78%; 95% CI: 68%, 88%). Conclusion: The ICD‐10 hospital discharge diagnosis codes for ischemic stroke showed a high PPV for incident cases, while the PPV for recurrent cases were less optimal. Algorithms to improve the accuracy of ICD‐10 codes for recurrent ischemic stroke may be necessary. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The escalating global climate change significantly threatens plant growth, development, and production through salinity stress. Flavonoids, a crucial category of secondary metabolites, have been extensively studied for their role in modulating plant growth and development mechanisms in the face of biological and abiotic stress. The flavonol synthetase (FLS) gene plays a key role in the biosynthesis and accumulation of flavonoids. To investigate the correlation between salt tolerance and flavonol synthesis, JsFLS5 was overexpressed in the callus of Juglans sigillata cv. "Qianhe‐7." This study shows that the upregulation of JsFLS5 significantly elevates the overall flavonoid content by modulating the expression of genes associated with flavonoid synthesis under salinity stress conditions. Additionally, the overexpressing callus exhibited enhanced resistance to salt stress compared to the wild‐type callus, as evidenced by reduced levels of reactive oxygen species accumulation, electrolyte leakage, and malondialdehyde content in the overexpressing callus relative to the wild type (WT). Moreover, the overexpressing callus showed higher antioxidant enzyme activity and a more efficient ascorbic acid‐glutathione cycle. Furthermore, the concentration of Na+ in the overexpressing callus was lower than WT, resulting in a decreased Na+/K+ ratio. These findings suggest that JsFLS5 overexpression in calli effectively mitigates the oxidative damage induced by osmotic stress and reduces Na+ toxicity by enhancing flavonoid synthesis under salt stress conditions. Consequently, this study offers a novel perspective for comprehending the role of JsFLS5 in the response to abiotic stress in J. sigillata. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Celastrol has been identified as a potential candidate for anticancer drug development. In this study, 28 novel celastrol derivatives with C‐6 sulfhydryl substitution and 20‐substitution were designed and synthesized, and their antiproliferative activity against human cancer cells and non‐malignant human cells was evaluated, with cisplatin and celastrol being used as controls. The results showed that most of the derivatives had enhanced in vitro anticancer activity compared to the parent compound celastrol. Specifically, derivative 2f demonstrated the most potent inhibitory potential and selectivity against HOS with an IC50 value of 0.82 μM. Our study provides new insights into the structure–activity relationship of celastrol and suggests that compound 2f may be a promising drug candidate for the treatment of osteosarcoma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Diisobutyl adipate (DIBA), as a novel non‐phthalate plasticizer, is widely used in various products. However, little effort has been made to investigate whether DIBA might have adverse effects on human health. In this study, we integrated an in silico and in vitro strategy to assess the impact of DIBA on cellular homeostasis. Since numerous plasticizers could activate peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor γ (PPARγ) pathway to interrupt metabolism systems, we first utilized molecular docking to analyze interaction between DIBA and PPARγ. Results indicated that DIBA had strong affinity with the ligand‐binding domain of PPARγ (PPARγ‐LBD) at Histidine 499. Afterwards, we used cellular models to investigate in vitro effects of DIBA. Results demonstrated that DIBA exposure increased intracellular lipid content in murine and human hepatocytes, and altered transcriptional expression of genes related to PPARγ signaling and lipid metabolism pathways. At last, target genes regulated by DIBA were predicted and enriched for Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis. Protein–protein interaction (PPI) network and transcriptional factors (TFs)‐genes network were established accordingly. Target genes were enriched in Phospholipase D signaling pathway, phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/Akt) and Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling pathway which were related to lipid metabolism. These findings suggested that DIBA exposure might disturb intracellular lipid metabolism homeostasis via targeting PPARγ. This study also demonstrated that this integrated in silico and in vitro methodology could be utilized as a high throughput, cost‐saving and effective tool to assess the potential risk of various environmental chemicals on human health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: During endoscopic ultrasound‐guided fine needle aspiration (EUS‐FNA), cytopathology with rapid on‐site evaluation (ROSE) can improve diagnostic yield and accuracy. However, ROSE is unavailable in most Asian and European institutions because of the shortage of cytopathologists. Therefore, developing computer‐assisted diagnostic tools to replace manual ROSE is crucial. Herein, we reported the validation of an artificial intelligence (AI)‐based model (ROSE‐AI model) to substitute manual ROSE during EUS‐FNA. Methods: A total of 467 digitized images from Diff‐Quik (D&F)‐stained EUS‐FNA slides were divided into training (3642 tiles from 367 images) and internal validation (916 tiles from 100 images) datasets. The ROSE‐AI model was trained and validated using training and internal validation datasets, respectively. The specificity was emphasized while developing the model. Then, we evaluated the AI model on a 693‐image external dataset. We assessed the performance of the AI model to detect cancer cells (CCs) regarding the accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV). Results: The ROSE‐AI model achieved an accuracy of 83.4% in the internal validation dataset and 88.7% in the external test dataset. The sensitivity and PPV were 79.1% and 71.7% in internal validation dataset and 78.0% and 60.7% in external test dataset, respectively. Conclusion: We provided a proof of concept that AI can be used to replace manual ROSE during EUS‐FNA. The ROSE‐AI model can address the shortage of cytopathologists and make ROSE available in more institutes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a widespread foodborne pathogen, Listeria monocytogenes (LM) can potentially cause a large number of food safety incidents, and the mortality rate of humans infected with this pathogen is relatively high. Thus, establishment of a fast and simple inspection technology is imperative. Herein, a solid‐state electrochemiluminescence (ECL) biosensing switch system based on special ferrocene‐labeled molecular beacon aptamer (Fc‐MBA) has been developed for rapid detection of LM. The biosensor consisted of two main parts, an ECL substrate and an ECL intensity switch. ECL substrate was generated by modifying the complex of gold nanoparticle (AuNPs) and ruthenium (II) tris‐(bipyridine) onto Au electrode, and an MBA labeled by Fc that acted as an ECL intensity switch. Moreover, in the presence of LM, the stem‐loop structure of MBA could be opened and the ferrocene was kept away from ECL substrate, which was due to an obvious ECL intensity increment. The limit of detection was 5 CFU/mL, and satisfactory recoveries of 98.1–103.6% were observed. Thus, we propose a novel method for accurate and specific detection of LM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Backgrounds: To compare the clinical effectiveness of different mesh fixation techniques in Lichtenstein tension‐free repair using network meta‐analysis. Methods: Cochrane Library, Medline, EMBASE, and Web of Science databases were searched until 1 December 2020, and randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing outcomes between different mesh fixation techniques were included. The primary endpoints were chronic postoperative inguinal pain (CPIP) and hernia recurrence. The second endpoint was seroma and infection. Data were processed using Stata MP16.0, and R x64 3.6.1. Results: The results demonstrated that 32 RCTs (n = 6362) were eligible for pooling. Six types of mesh fixation techniques were used: non‐absorbable suture, absorbable suture, chemical glue, fibrin glue, self‐gripping mesh, and staple fixation. Network meta‐analysis indicated that the incidence of CPIP with fibrin glue was lower than that with non‐absorbable sutures (relative risk [RR] = 0.23, 95% credibility interval [95%CrI] [0.09, 0.50]), absorbable sutures (RR = 0.24, 95%CrI [0.08, 0.60]), chemical glue (RR = 0.36, 95%CrI [0.13, 0.87]), and self‐gripping mesh (RR = 0.27 95%CrI [0.09, 0.62]). Self‐gripping mesh was superior to non‐absorbable sutures (RR = 0.44, 95%CrI [0.23, 0.74]) in reducing postoperative infection. Conclusion: This network meta‐analysis suggests that fibrin glue might be best for reducing CPIP and recurrence. However, a large‐scale RCT is warranted to confirm the results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A molecule featuring two distinct cooperatively grown J‐aggregates is investigated. Interestingly, when cooling a hot monomer solution, the thermodynamically less stable J1 is exclusively formed even at a particularly slowed temperature dropping rate, which transforms to the more stable J2 at room temperature with very slow kinetics. This observation is ascribed to the differed nucleus sizes of J1 and J2. During the cooling process, smaller J1 nuclei are formed first at a higher temperature, favored by the entropy effect. At intermediate temperatures, the elongation of J1 out‐competes the nucleation of J2. Then, below the elongation temperature of J2, the formation of this thermodynamically stable aggregate is hindered kinetically, due to the depletion of monomer by the slow dissociation of J1. Additional evidence proving the larger nucleus size of J2 is also identified with the varied‐temperature spectral analyses and mathematic simulations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although water‐soluble graphene quantum dots (GQDs) have shown various promising bio‐applications due to their intriguing optical and chemical properties, the large heterogeneity in compositions, sizes, and shapes of these GQDs hampers the better understanding of their structure‐properties correlation and further uses in terms of large‐scale manufacturing practices and safety concerns. It is shown here that a water‐soluble atomically‐precise GQD (WAGQD‐C96) is synthesized and exhibits a deep‐red emission and excellent sonodynamic sensitization. By decorating sterically hindered water‐soluble functional groups, WAGQD‐C96 can be monodispersed in water without further aggregation. The deep‐red emission of WAGQD‐C96 facilitates the tracking of its bio‐process, showing a good cell‐uptake and long‐time retention in tumor tissue. Compared to traditional molecular sonosensitizers, WAGQD‐C96 generates superior reactive oxygen species and demonstrates excellent tumor inhibition potency as an anti‐cancer sonosensitizer in in vivo studies. A good biosafety of WAGQD‐C96 is validated in both in vitro and in vivo assays. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Circular RNAs (circRNAs) play pivotal roles in malignancies including gastric cancer (GC). We aimed to investigate the biological function and regulatory mechanism of circ_0006089 in GC. Methods: Circ_0006089, microRNA (miR)‐143‐3p, and polypyrimidine tract‐binding protein 3 (PTBP3) expressions were measured via quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR) in GC cell lines. Cell proliferative capacity was determined by colony formation and CCK‐8 assays. Flow cytometry was employed for measuring cell apoptosis. Cell invasion and migration were measured via transwell and wound‐healing assays. Western blot analysis was utilized for detecting protein expressions of E‐cadherin, N‐cadherin, vimentin, PTBP3, PI3K, p‐PI3K, AKT, and p‐AKT. Dual‐reporter luciferase analysis was conducted to confirm the association between miR‐143‐3p and circ_0006089 or PTBP3. The role of circ_0006089 in vivo was detected via establishing a mice xenograft model. Results: Circ_0006089 expression was increased in GC. Circ_0006089 downregulation suppressed the proliferation and metastasis and induced apoptosis of GC cells, which was counteracted by miR‐143‐3p inhibition or PTBP3 overexpression. In addition, circ_0006089 overexpression could promote GC progression. MiR‐143‐3p specially bound to circ_0006089 and PTBP3 was targeted by miR‐143‐3p. Moreover, circ_0006089 could regulate PTBP3 expression and the PI3K/AKT pathway by sponging miR‐143‐3p. Circ_0006089 knockdown also suppressed tumor growth. Conclusion: Circ_0006089 regulated miR‐143‐3p/PTBP3/PI3K/AKT pathway to facilitate GC progression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although heptagons are widely found in graphenic materials, the precise synthesis of nanocarbons containing heptagons remains a challenge, especially for the nanocarbons containing multiple‐heptagons. Herein, we show that photo‐induced radical cyclization (PIRC) can be used to synthesize multi‐heptagon‐embedded nanocarbons. Notably, a nanographene containing six heptagons (1) was obtained via a six‐fold cascade PIRC reaction. The structure of 1 was clearly validated and showed a Monkey‐saddle‐shaped conformation. Experimental bond analysis and theoretical calculations indicated that the heptagons in 1 were non‐aromatic, whereas the peripheral rings were highly aromatic. Compared to planar nanographene with the same number of π electrons, 1 had a similar optical gap due to a compromise between the decreased conjugation in the wrapped structure and enhanced electronic delocalization at the rim. Electrochemical studies showed that 1 had low‐lying oxidation potentials, which was attributed to the nitrogen‐doping. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Circular RNA‐synaptosome associated protein 47 (circ‐SNAP47; Hsa_circ_0016760) is oncogenic in non‐small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC); however, its role is undescribed in cis‐diamminedichloroplatinum II (DDP) resistance. We attempted to investigate its expression, role and mechanism in DDP‐tolerant NSCLC. As a result, circ‐SNAP47 expression was upregulated in human DDP‐tolerant NSCLC tissues and cells, accompanied with WEE1 G2 checkpoint kinase (WEE1) upregulation and microRNA (miR)‐625‐5p downregulation. Functionally, interfering circ‐SNAP47 and/or restoring miR‐625‐5p curbed the 50% inhibitory concentration of DDP, colony formation, cell proliferation and invasion, accompanied with apoptotic rate promotion and depressions of multidrug resistance (MDR) markers MDR1 and MRP1, anti‐apoptosis protein Bcl‐2, and pro‐invasion protein MMP9. Notably, circ‐SNAP47 interference suppressed xenograft tumor growth of DDP‐tolerant NSCLC cells by elevating miR‐625‐5p and descending WEE1. Mechanistically, circ‐SNAP47 directly targeted miR‐625‐5p, and miR‐625‐5p further targeted WEE1. Therefore, circ‐SNAP47‐miR‐625‐5p‐WEE1 axis might participate in chemoresistance and progression of DDP‐tolerant NSCLC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

HLA‐DPB1*02:02:07 differs from HLA‐DPB1*02:02:01:01 by one nucleotide in exon 2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Fusobacterium nucleatum, which has four subspecies (nucleatum, animalis, vincentii and polymorphum), plays an important role in promoting colorectal cancer (CRC). However, as there is no efficient method of differentiating these subspecies in the context of a rich gut microbiota, the compositions in CRC remain largely unknown. In this study, a PCR‐based differentiation method enabling profiling of F. nucleatum infection in CRC at the subspecies level was developed. Based on the analysis of 53 F. nucleatum genomes, we identified genetic markers specific to each subspecies and designed primers for the conserved sequences of those markers. The PCR performance of the primers was tested with F. nucleatum and non‐nucleatum Fusobacterium strains, and complete consistence with taxonomy was achieved. Additionally, no non‐specific amplification occurred when using human DNA. The method was then applied to faecal (n = 58) and fresh‐frozen tumour tissue (n = 100) samples from CRC patients, and wide heterogeneity in F. nucleatum subspecies compositions in the gut microbiota among CRC patients was observed. Single‐subspecies colonization was common, whereas coexistence of four subspecies was rare. Subspecies animalis was most prevalent, while nucleatum was not frequently detected. The results of this study contribute to our understanding of the pathogenicity of F. nucleatum at the subspecies level and the method developed has potential for clinical and epidemiological use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Liriomyza trifolii (Burgess) (Diptera: Agromyzidae) is a polyphagous insect that is widely known for its invasiveness. Understanding the adaptation of L. trifolii to different host plants is critical in formulating effective approaches for integrated pest management (IPM). In this study, the effects of various host plants on L. trifolii were investigated by age‐stage, two‐sex life tables and transcriptome analysis. Our results show that the growth rate of immature L. trifolii on sponge gourd increased significantly relative to bean, but mortality was high. Mature L. trifolii adapted to sponge gourd had significantly increased longevity as compared to flies adapted to bean but exhibited reduced fecundity. The net reproductive rate, the intrinsic rate of increase, and the finite rate of increase of L. trifolii adapted to sponge gourd were significantly lower than those of flies adapted to bean. Transcriptome analysis showed the presence of 150 up‐ and 617 downregulated differentially expressed genes in L. trifolii adapted to sponge gourd as compared to flies adapted to bean. Genes encoding glutathione‐S‐transferase, cytochrome P450, and trypsin were significantly downregulated in L. trifolii adapted to sponge gourd as compared to bean. This study provides valuable insight into host plant effects on L. trifolii and provides a basis for the subsequent development of IPM measures such as push and pull, crop rotation, and biopesticide development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, a difluoro‐monobromo end group is designed and synthesized, which is then used to construct a novel polymer acceptor (named PY2F‐T) yielding high‐performance all‐polymer solar cells with 15.22% efficiency. The fluorination strategy can increase the intramolecular charge transfer and interchain packing of the previous PY‐T based acceptor, and significantly improve photon harvesting and charge mobility of the resulting polymer acceptor. In addition, detailed morphology investigations reveal that the PY2F‐T‐based blend shows smaller domain spacing and higher domain purity, which significantly suppress charge recombination as supported by time‐resolved techniques. These polymer properties enable simultaneously enhanced JSC and FF of the PY2F‐T‐based devices, eventually delivering device efficiencies of over 15%, significantly outperforming that of the devices based on the non‐fluorinated PY‐T polymer (13%). More importantly, the PY2F‐T‐based active layers can be processed under ambient conditions and still achieve a 14.37% efficiency. They can also be processed using non‐halogenated solvent o‐xylene (no additive) and yield a decent performance of 13.05%. This work demonstrates the success of the fluorination strategy in the design of high‐performance polymer acceptors, which provide guidelines for developing new all‐PSCs with better efficiencies and stabilities for commercial applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Skin wound is a very common type of injury and the healing process greatly affects the life quality of individuals. Ozone has been shown beneficial to wound healing with unclear mechanisms. Here, we tested the effect of ozone oil (OZ) on wound healing and investigated the underlying mechanisms. Mouse skin wound model and Masson staining were used to evaluate the effect of OZ on wound healing. Primary fibroblast culture was employed to assess the functions of OZ, miR‐21‐5p, and RASA1. QRT‐PCR and western blot were used to determine expression levels of miR‐21‐5p, RASA1, α‐SMA, and collagen I. CCK‐8 assay and scratch wound healing assay were used to measure viability and migration of fibroblasts. Dual luciferase activity assay was performed to validate miR‐21‐5p/RASA1 interaction. OZ accelerated wound healing in mice and promoted proliferation and migration abilities of fibroblasts. miR‐21‐5p was increased while RASA1 was reduced during the wound healing and OZ treatment augmented those changes, as well as increased levels of α‐SMA and collagen I. Knockdown of miR‐21‐5p suppressed those effects of OZ on fibroblasts. Furthermore, miR‐21‐5p directly targeted RASA1 mRNA and negatively regulated its expression. Overexpression of RASA1 inhibited fibroblast proliferation and migration as well as diminished α‐SMA and collagen I protein expression. Additionally, RASA1 overexpression blocked the promotion of miR‐21‐5p overexpression on fibroblast viability and migration. In vivo, miR‐21‐5p facilitated wound healing while overexpression of RASA1 reversed the effect. OZ promoted wound healing by enhancing miR‐21‐5p‐mediated RASA1 inhibition to increase fibroblast proliferation and migration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lymphomatoid granulomatosis is a rare, vascular‐centric, and vessel‐destroying lymphoproliferative disease that hardly involves the pulmonary arteries. Herein, we report a case with severe right heart failure and pulmonary arterial stenosis caused by pulmonary artery lymphomatoid granulomatosis. This case was diagnosed by percutaneous transluminal pulmonary artery biopsy and was effectively treated with stent implantation and steroid administration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: In recent years, multilabel learning has been applied to a lot of application areas and is yet a challenging task. In multilabel learning, an instance often belongs to multiple class labels simultaneously. The labels usually have correlations with others, and mining label correlations is helpful to enhance the multilabel classification performance. Aiming at increasing the accuracy of prediction, Label embedding (LE) is an important technique, and conducive to extracting label information for multilabel learning. In this paper, we present a novel multilabel learning approach via exploiting label correlations, which can be naturally extended to tackle feature selection problem. First, to obtain the discriminative features shared by all labels, the proposed algorithm learns a latent space by employing deep canonical correlation analysis. Then we exploit label correlations by enforcing predictions on similar labels to be similar, thereby improving the prediction performance. Results on several multiple datasets illustrate that the proposed algorithm has the advantages on multilabel classification and feature selection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Uranium is a key resource for the development of the nuclear industry, and extracting uranium from the natural seawater is one of the most promising ways to address the shortage of uranium resources. Herein, a semiconducting covalent organic framework (named NDA‐TN‐AO) with excellent photocatalytic and photoelectric activities was synthesized. The excellent photocatalytic effect endowed NDA‐TN‐AO with a high anti‐biofouling activity by generating biotoxic reactive oxygen species and promoting photoelectrons to reduce the adsorbed UVI to insoluble UIV, thereby increasing the uranium extraction capacity. Owing to the photoinduced effect, the adsorption capacity of NDA‐TN‐AO to uranium in seawater reaches 6.07 mg g−1, which is 1.33 times of that in dark. The NDA‐TN‐AO with enhanced adsorption capacity is a promising material for extracting uranium from the natural seawater. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The formation mechanism of ferrihydrite is the key to understand its treatment of pollutants in waste water and purification of surface water and groundwater. Although emerging evidence suggests that formation of the ferrihydrite occurs through the aggregation of prenucleation clusters, rather than classical atom‐by‐atom growth, its formation mechanism remains unclear. Herein, an iron–oxo anionic cluster of [Fe22(μ4‐O)8(μ3‐OH)20(μ2‐OH)18(CH3COO)16(H2O)2]4− viewed as a dimer of bivacant β‐Keggin‐Fe13 clusters was for the first time obtained by using lanthanide ions as stabilizers. Upon dissolution in a mixed solution of isopropanol and water, the lacunary β‐Keggin‐Fe13 cluster can transform into an α‐Keggin‐Fe13 cluster, distinctly demonstrating that the Keggin‐Fe13 cluster rotational isomerization can be realized through the vacant Keggin‐Fe13 cluster. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The mechanism of aggregation‐induced emission, which overcomes the common aggregation‐caused quenching problem in organic optoelectronics, is revealed by monitoring the real time structural evolution and dynamics of electronic excited state with frequency and polarization resolved ultrafast UV/IR spectroscopy and theoretical calculations. The formation of Woodward–Hoffmann cyclic intermediates upon ultraviolet excitation is observed in dilute solutions of tetraphenylethylene and its derivatives but not in their respective solid. The ultrafast cyclization provides an efficient nonradiative relaxation pathway through crossing a conical intersection. Without such a reaction mechanism, the electronic excitation is preserved in the molecular solids and the molecule fluoresces efficiently, aided by the very slow intermolecular charge and energy transfers due to the well separated molecular packing arrangement. The mechanisms can be general for tuning the properties of chromophores in different phases for various important applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We present the polarization‐ and orientation‐dependent characteristics of the differential light shifts (DLSs) in 87Rb using the near‐resonant, stimulated Raman spectroscopy with an atomic fountain clock. Simulation and experimental results demonstrate that the Raman resonant frequencies would shift sinusoidally as the rotation of the laser's polarization vector due to the polarization‐dependent vector and tensor DLSs, and the total DLS is counteracted in some elliptically polarized laser configurations. What is more, this paper provides an alternative method to measure the effective magnetic field vector and the absolute scalar, vector, and tensor (SVT) DLSs and to verify the theoretically calculated SVT dynamical polarizabilities. These results will facilitate the evaluation and elimination of the light shift‐related systemic errors in the atomic optics‐based quantum sensors, including the atomic magnetometer, atomic interferometer, atomic clock, and quantum register. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The differentiation of borderline from malignant ovarian epithelial tumors (OETs) is difficult based on morphologic characteristics. Diffusion and perfusion information from intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) diffusion‐weighted imaging (DWI) might be useful for this distinction. Purpose: To investigate the potential of IVIM‐DWI in discriminating borderline from malignant OETs by correlating with cell proliferation and microvessel density (MVD). Study Type: Prospective. Subjects: Sixty‐six patients with OETs (22 borderline, BOETs; 44 malignant, MOETs) underwent IVIM‐DWI before surgery. Field Strength: 3.0T IVIM‐DWI sequence with 12 b‐values (0–1000 sec/mm2). Assessment: Apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) and IVIM‐DWI parameters (diffusion coefficient [D], microvascular volume fraction [f], and pseudodiffusion coefficient [D*]) were measured. Cell proliferation and MVD was determined by immunohistochemical staining of Ki‐67 and CD‐31, respectively. Statistical Tests: Mann–Whitney U‐test; two‐sample t‐test; intraclass correlation coefficient; Bland–Altman analysis; receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curves; and Spearman correlation. Results: ADC and D in BOETs was significantly higher than those in MOETs (P < 0.001), while f in BOETs was significantly lower than those in MOETs (P < 0.001). No significant difference was found in D* between borderline and malignancies (P = 0.324). In the differential diagnosis of borderline from malignant OETs; D demonstrated the highest area under the curve (AUC) of 0.951, while ADC and f had a lower AUC of 0.921 and 0.847, respectively. The ADC and D was negatively correlated with cell proliferation (r = –0.682, r = –0.694, respectively, P < 0.001), while f was positively correlated with MVD of the OETs (r = 0.558, P < 0.001). Data Conclusion: IVIM‐DWI may be a useful tool for differentiating BOETs from MOETs. D and f could be image biomarkers to reflect histopathological characteristics of cell proliferation and MVD in OETs. Level of Evidence: 1 Technical Efficacy Stage: 2 J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2020;51:928–935. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 2015, the Chinese pharmacologist, Tu Youyou, was awarded the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine for the discovery of artemisinin. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) was the source of inspiration for Tu's discovery and provides an opportunity for the world to know more about TCM as a source of medical knowledge and practice. In this article, the value of TCM is evaluated from an ethical perspective. The characteristics of 'jian, bian, yan, lian' are explored in the way they promote accessibility and economic efficiency for TCM. The article also examines how the increased use and prevalence of TCM reflects the scientific, cultural, and ethical values of TCM and their increasing attraction in meeting major challenges to medicine and health systems currently and in the future. The article discusses safety issues within TCM, which is a controversial area, and also comments on some shortcomings and challenges which pose difficulties for more widespread and greater uptake of TCM‐derived clinical or therapeutic interventions. The article concludes that TCM is generally safe if it is used according to TCM theory and where such applications are cognizant of the strengths and weaknesses of TCM. TCM has important bioethical values which may inform potential measures for meeting challenges facing global health care systems and the article argues that it can have an increasing role in improving human health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The NOTCH2 gene plays a role in the development of many tumors. Deltex E3 ubiquitin ligase 3 (DTX3) was identified as a novel E3 ligase for NOTCH2 and as a potential therapeutic target for esophageal cancer. However, whether DTX3 could regulate NOTCH2 to suppress the progression of esophageal carcinoma remains unknown. In our study, NOTCH2 had higher expression in human esophageal carcinoma cell lines compared to normal human esophageal epithelial cell line, and ablation of NOTCH2 suppressed the proliferation and migration of esophageal carcinoma cells. A novel E3 ligase for NOTCH2 was identified by yeast two‐hybrid (Y2H) screening, and DTX3 promoted the ubiquitination and degradation of NOTCH2. Further study showed that DTX3 overexpression suppressed the proliferation and tumorigenicity of human oesophageal carcinoma cells. The analysis of tissue samples from patients revealed that the expression of NOTCH2 was high while the expression of DTX3 was low in esophageal cancer. Furthermore, the expression of DTX3 and NOTCH2 showed a significant negative correlation in human oesophageal cancer samples. Our study suggested that the DTX3‐NOTCH2 axis plays an important role in the progression of esophageal cancer, and DTX3 acts as an anti–oncogene in esophageal carcinoma, potentially offering a therapeutic target for esophageal cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hypoxia‐inducible factor 1α (HIF‐1α) plays a critical role in the apoptotic process during cardiac ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. This study aimed to investigate whether post‐treatment with dexmedetomidine (DEX) could protect against I/R‐induced cardiac apoptosis in vivo and in vitro via regulating HIF‐1α signalling pathway. Rat myocardial I/R was induced by occluding the left anterior descending artery for 30 minutes followed by 6‐hours reperfusion, and cardiomyocyte hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) was induced by oxygen‐glucose deprivation for 6 hours followed by 3‐hours reoxygenation. Dexmedetomidine administration at the beginning of reperfusion or reoxygenation attenuated I/R‐induced myocardial injury or H/R‐induced cell death, alleviated mitochondrial dysfunction, reduced the number of apoptotic cardiomyocytes, inhibited the activation of HIF‐1α and modulated the expressions of apoptosis‐related proteins including BCL‐2, BAX, BNIP3, cleaved caspase‐3 and cleaved PARP. Conversely, the HIF‐1α prolyl hydroxylase‐2 inhibitor IOX2 partly blocked DEX‐mediated cardioprotection both in vivo and in vitro. Mechanistically, DEX down‐regulated HIF‐1α expression at the post‐transcriptional level and inhibited the transcriptional activation of the target gene BNIP3. Post‐treatment with DEX protects against cardiac I/R injury in vivo and H/R injury in vitro. These effects are, at least in part, mediated via the inhibition of cell apoptosis by targeting HIF‐1α signalling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) represents a new group of transcripts which act a critical role in various biological and pathological processes. Growing evidence suggested that a new lncRNA, FAM83H‐AS1, played important roles in several cancers. However, the underlying mechanisms of FAM83H‐AS1‐regulating functions in intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) have yet to be explained. Thus study examined the role of lncRNA FAM83H‐AS1 in progression of IDD. First, we proved that expression level of FAM83H‐AS1 was expressed in nondegenerated nucleus pulposus (NP) tissues and degenerative NP samples. Moreover, we studied the expression level of FAM83H‐AS1 relationship of the clinical disc degeneration grade. Our data suggested that FAM83H‐AS1 expression was downregulated in normal NP samples compared with in the degenerated NP samples. FAM83H‐AS1 expression was positively correlated with degree of disc degeneration grade. The expression of FAM83H‐AS1 was positively correlated with scores of Pfirrmann grade. FAM83H‐AS1 expression was increased by IL‐1β and TNF‐αtreatment in NP cells. Ectopic expression of FAM83H‐AS1 induced cell growth and modulated extracellular matrix (ECM) expression in the NP cell. Elevated expression of FAM83H‐AS1 promoted Notch1 and Hes1 expression in NP cells. Furthermore, FAM83H‐AS1 induced NP cell growth and modulated ECM expression through targeting Notch 1. To conclude, dysregulated expression of FAM83H‐AS1 played a crucial role in progression of IDD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The tumorigenesis of colorectal cancer (CRC) is a complicated process, involving interactions between cancer cells and the microenvironment. The role of α5 integrin subunit in CRC remains controversial, and previous studies mainly focused on cancer cells. Herein, we report an important role of α5 in stroma fibroblasts in the tumorigenesis of CRC. The expression of α5 was found to be located in colorectal tumor stroma rather than in epithelia cancer cells. Immunofluorescence colocalization and gene correlation analysis confirmed that α5 was mainly expressed in cancer‐associated fibroblasts (CAFs). Moreover, experimental evidence showed that α5 expression was required for the tumor‐promoting effect of fibroblast cells. In an in vivo xenograft nude mice model, α5 depletion in fibroblasts dramatically suppressed fibroblast‐induced tumor growth. In an in vitro cell coculture assay, α5 depletion or knockdown reduced the ability of fibroblasts to promote cancer cell migration and invasion compared with wild‐type fibroblasts; moreover, we observed that the expression and assembly of fibronectin were downregulated after α5 depletion or knockdown in fibroblasts. Analysis of the RNA‐Seq data of the Cancer Genome Atlas cohort revealed that high expression of ITGA5 (α5 integrin subunit) was correlated with poor overall survival in colorectal adenocarcinoma, which was further confirmed by immunohistochemistry in an independent cohort of 355 patients. Thus, our study identifies α5 integrin subunit as a novel stroma molecular marker for colorectal adenocarcinoma, offers a fresh insight into colorectal adenocarcinoma progression, and shows that α5 expression in stroma fibroblasts underlies its ability to promote the tumorigenesis of colorectal adenocarcinoma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

By using paramagnetic [Fe(CN)6]3− anions in place of diamagnetic [Co(CN)6]3− anions, two field‐induced mononuclear single‐molecular magnets, [Nd(18‐crown‐6)(H2O)4][Co(CN)6]⋅2 H2O (1) and [Nd(18‐crown‐6)(H2O)4][Fe(CN)6]⋅2 H2O (2), have been synthesized and characterized. Single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis revealed that compounds 1 and 2 were ionic complexes. The NdIII ions were located inside the cavities of the 18‐crown‐6 ligands and were each bound by four water molecules on either side of the crown ether. Magnetic investigations showed that these compounds were both field‐induced single‐molecular magnets. By comparing the slow relaxation behaviors of compounds 1 and 2, we found significant differences between the direct and Raman processes for these two complexes, with a stronger direct process in compound 2 at low temperatures. Complete active space self‐consistent field (CASSCF) calculations were also performed on two [Nd(18‐crown‐6)(H2O)4]3+ fragments of compounds 1 and 2. Ab initio calculations showed that the magnetic anisotropies of the NdIII centers in complexes 1 and 2 were similar to each other, which indicated that the difference in relaxation behavior was not owing to the magnetic anisotropy of NdIII. Our analysis showed that the magnetic interaction between the NdIII ion and the low‐spin FeIII ion in complex 2 played an important role in enhancing the direct process and suppressing the Raman process of the single‐molecular magnet. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A broadband dual-polarised antenna with wideband decoupling structure is presented. By using the improved dipole, the proposed antenna achieves a common impedance bandwidth of 62% ranging from 1.645 to 3.13 GHz with standing a wave ratio <1.5. For improving the port isolations of the prototype, wideband isolation enhance technique is proposed. By using this technique, an average port isolation enhancement of 6 dB is realised within a wider bandwidth than 1 GHz. The bandwidth extension and decoupling mechanism are discussed. Moreover, the radiation patterns, gain and total radiation efficiency of the proposed antenna are also studied and presented. Experimental results demonstrate that the antenna has many advantages such as high gain (8.5 ± 0.7dBi), good radiation efficiency (>90.9%) and high cross polarisation discrimination. It is very suitable for polarisation diversity wireless communication application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) can aid radiologists in quantifying prostate cancer, and MRI segmentation plays an essential role in CAD applications. Clinical experience shows that prostate cancer occurs predominantly in the peripheral zone (PZ) and there exist different evaluation criteria for different regions in the Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System (PI-RADS).Purpose: To develop a fully automatic approach to segmenting the prostate outer contour and the PZ contour with high efficacy.Population: In all, 163 subjects, including 61 healthy subjects and 102 prostate cancer patients. For each subject, all slices that contained prostate gland in diffusion-weighted images (DWIs) and T2 -weighted images (T2 WIs) were selected as the datasets.Field Strength: T2 -weighted, DWI at 3.0T.Assessment: The computer-generated segmentation results were compared with the manual outlining results that were depicted by two experts with more than 5 years' experience. Dice similarity coefficient (DSC), false-positive rate (FPR), and false-negative rate (FNR) were used to compared the algorithm and manual segmentation results.Statistical Tests: A paired t-test was adopted for comparison between our method and classical U-Net segmentation methods.Results: The mean DSC was 92.7 ± 4.2% for the total whole prostate gland and 79.3 ± 10.4% for the total peripheral zone. Compared with classical U-Net segmentation methods, our segmentation precision was significantly higher (P < 0.001).Data Conclusion: By cropping the region of interest and cascading the two networks, our method balances the positive and negative sample gradually, and results in higher segmentation accuracy. This fully automatic strategy could provide satisfactory performance in prostate DWIs and T2 WIs-based image segmentation.Level Of Evidence: 2 Technical Efficacy Stage 1 J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2019;49:1149-1156. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper mainly researches on the realization of time reversal mirror (TRM) based on the analog signal processing technology. Using chirped dispersive delay lines (CDDL) and based on Fourier transform theory, the solution for achieving time reversal (TR) waveform transformation has been concept proposed and theoretically analyzed. Furthermore, using two designed delay lines with the slope of −0.4 ns/GHz, the paper experimentally achieves time‐reversed waveform for a microwave signal with the time length of 1 ns. Compared to conventional implementation scheme systems with CDDLs, the newly suggested one is more stable with higher time‐bandwidth products and is able to process longer time duration and wider bandwidth, which provide theoretical basis for physically achieving time‐reversed systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A cascade aza-Michael/Aldol annulation of 2-arylideneindane-1,3-diones with in situ generated Huisgen zwitterions has been developed. This reaction afforded the desired products in moderate to good yields (up to 87%) with excellent chemo- and diastereoselectivity (up to 20:1). This strategy allows facile diastereoselective preparation of biologically important indenopyrazoline derivatives containing two contiguous chiral centers including a quaternary stereogenic center. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]