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Photocatalytic solar‐to‐fuel conversion over metal halide perovskites (MHPs) has recently attracted much attention, while the roles of defects in MHPs are still under debate. Specifically, the mainstream viewpoint is that the defects are detrimental to photocatalytic performance, while some recent studies show that certain types of defects contribute to photoactivity enhancement. However, a systematic summary of why it is contradictory and how the defects in MHPs affect photocatalytic performance is still lacking. In this review, the innovative roles of defects in MHP photocatalysts are highlighted. First, the origins of defects in MHPs are elaborated, followed by clarifying certain benefits of defects in photocatalysts including optical absorption, charge dynamics, and surface reaction. Afterward, the recent progress on defect‐related MHP photocatalysis, i.e., CO2 reduction, H2 generation, pollutant degradation, and organic synthesis is systematically discussed and critically appraised, putting emphasis on their beneficial effects. With defects offering peculiar sets of merits and demerits, the personal opinion on the ongoing challenges is concluded and outlining potentially promising opportunities for engineering defects on MHP photocatalysts. This critical review is anticipated to offer a better understanding of the MHP defects and spur some inspiration for designing efficient MHP photocatalysts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are recruited by malignant tumor cells to the tumor microenvironment (TME) and play a crucial role in the initiation and progression of malignant tumors. This role encompasses immune evasion, promotion of angiogenesis, stimulation of cancer cell proliferation, correlation with cancer stem cells, multilineage differentiation within the TME, and development of treatment resistance. Simultaneously, extensive research is exploring the homing effect of MSCs and MSC‐derived extracellular vesicles (MSCs‐EVs) in tumors, aiming to design them as carriers for antitumor substances. These substances are targeted to deliver antitumor drugs to enhance drug efficacy while reducing drug toxicity. This paper provides a review of the supportive role of MSCs in tumor progression and the associated molecular mechanisms. Additionally, we summarize the latest therapeutic strategies involving engineered MSCs and MSCs‐EVs in cancer treatment, including their utilization as carriers for gene therapeutic agents, chemotherapeutics, and oncolytic viruses. We also discuss the distribution and clearance of MSCs and MSCs‐EVs upon entry into the body to elucidate the potential of targeted therapies based on MSCs and MSCs‐EVs in cancer treatment, along with the challenges they face. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In lithium‐ion batteries, the polymer electrolyte was susceptible to mechanical damage from external stimuli or internal expansion caused, which in turn affected the performances of the batteries. The thermally reversible self‐healing gel polymer electrolyte (DASHPE) based on the Diels–Alder reaction was prepared to solve the above problems. The DASHPE electrolytes exhibited good flexibility and self‐healing ability, achieving self‐healing at 80°C for 30 min. Furthermore, the DASHPE electrolyte exhibited excellent thermal stability and could withstand temperatures above 300°C. Additionally, it had a wide electrochemical window (about 5 V) and good electrochemical performances. Serving as the electrolyte in lithium‐ion batteries, DASHPE‐2 showed an initial specific capacity of 133.11 mAh g−1 at 0.1 C. The DASHPE electrolyte was expected to be a candidate material for self‐healing battery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Increased planting densities boost crop yields. A compact plant architecture facilitates dense planting. However, the mechanisms regulating compact plant architecture in cucurbits remain unclear. In this study, we identified a cucumber (Cucumis sativus) compact plant architecture (cpa1) mutant from an ethyl methane sulfonate (EMS)‐mutagenized library that exhibited distinctive phenotypic traits, including reduced leaf petiole angle and leaf size. The candidate mutation causes a premature stop codon in CsaV3_1G036420, which shares similarity to Arabidopsis HOOKLESS 1 (HLS1) encoding putative histone N‐acetyltransferase (HAT) protein and was named CsHLS1. Consistent with the mutant phenotype, CsHLS1 was predominantly expressed in leaf petiole bases and leaves. Constitutive overexpressing CsHLS1 in cpa1 restored the wild‐type plant architecture. Knockout of CsHLS1 resulted in reduces leaf petiole angle and leaf size and as well as decreased acetylation levels. Furthermore, CsHLS1 directly interacted with CsSCL28 and negatively regulated compact plant architecture in cucumber. Importantly, CsHLS1 knockout increased the photosynthesis rate and leaf nitrogen in cucumbers, thereby maintaining cucumber yield at normal density. Overall, our research provides valuable genetic breeding resource and gene target for creating a compact plant architecture for dense cucumber planting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

By analyzing the data of different panel integrated temperature sensor solutions, figure out which solution is more suitable for vehicle application at this stage. Meanwhile, based on the parameters of sensor, give the appropriate design to apply. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Secondary injury after spinal cord injury (SCI) is a major obstacle to their neurological recovery. Among them, changes in astrocyte phenotype regulate secondary injury dominated by neuroinflammation. Hypoxia‐preconditioned mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs)‐derived extracellular vesicle (H‐EV) plays a multifaceted role in secondary injury by interacting with cellular components and signaling pathways. They possess anti‐inflammatory properties, regulate oxidative stress, and modulate apoptotic pathways, promoting cell survival and reducing neuronal loss. Given the unique aspects of secondary injury, H‐EV shows promise as a therapeutic approach to mitigate its devastating consequences. Our study aimed to determine whether H‐EV could promote SCI repair by altering the phenotype of astrocytes. Methods: Rat bone marrow MSCs (BMSCs) and EVs secreted by them were extracted and characterized. After the SCI model was successfully constructed, EV and H‐EV were administered into the tail vein of the rats, respectively, and then their motor function was evaluated by the Basso–Beattie–Bresnahan (BBB) score, Catwalk footprint analysis, and electrophysiological monitoring. The lesion size of the spinal cord was evaluated by hematoxylin–eosin (HE) staining. The key point was to use glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) as a marker of reactive astrocytes to co‐localize with A1‐type marker complement C3 and A2‐type marker S100A10, respectively, to observe phenotypic changes in astrocytes within tissues. The western blot (WB) of the spinal cord was also used to verify the results. We also compared the efficacy differences in apoptosis and inflammatory responses using terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP terminal labeling (TUNEL) assay, WB, and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Experiments in vitro were also performed to verify the results. Subsequently, we performed microRNA (miRNA) sequencing analysis of EV and H‐EV and carried out a series of knockdown and overexpression experiments to further validate the mechanism by which miRNA in H‐EV plays a role in promoting astrocyte phenotypic changes, as well as the regulated signaling pathways, using WB both in vivo and in vitro. Results: Our findings suggest that H‐EV is more effective than EV in the recovery of motor function, anti‐apoptosis, and anti‐inflammatory effects after SCI, both in vivo and in vitro. More importantly, H‐EV promoted the conversion of A1 astrocytes into A2 astrocytes more than EV. Moreover, miR‐21, which was found to be highly expressed in H‐EV by miRNA sequencing results, was also demonstrated to influence changes in astrocyte phenotype through a series of knockdown and overexpression experiments. At the same time, we also found that H‐EV might affect astrocyte phenotypic alterations by delivering miR‐21 targeting the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway. Conclusion: H‐EV exerts neuroprotective effects by delivering miR‐21 to promote astrocyte transformation from the A1 phenotype to the A2 phenotype, providing new targets and ideas for the treatment of SCI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The tumour microenvironment (TME) is crucial for tumour development and progression. Tumour‐associated macrophages (TAMs) in the TME can promote tumour progression and metastasis by releasing cytokines, such as IL‐6. Calycosin, a phytoestrogen that is one of the active compounds in Radix Astragali, has been shown to inhibit tumour growth and metastasis. However, the underlying mechanism by which calycosin inhibits tumour growth remains unclear. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the effect of calycosin on IL‐6 production in peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC)‐ and THP‐1‐derived macrophages and explore its potential mechanisms using co‐immunoprecipitation, western blotting, immunofluorescence, chromatin immunoprecipitation and luciferase assays. We found that calycosin treatment substantially upregulated the expression of ER‐α36, a variant of the ER, and reduced IL‐6 production in macrophages. Mechanistically, ER‐α36 physically interacted with NF‐κBp65 and retained p65 in the cytoplasm to attenuate NF‐κB function as an IL‐6 transcriptional inducer. In conclusion, our result indicated that calycosin inhibited IL‐6 production by enhancing ER‐α36 expression and its interaction with p65, which attenuated NF‐κB function as an IL‐6 inducer. Therefore, calycosin can be developed as an effective agent for cancer therapy by targeting TAMs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new on‐chip diagnostic tool is developed, allowing for real‐time full characterization of waveguided ultrashort optical pulses. This technique, called transverse frequency‐resolved optical gating (T‐FROG), relies on second harmonic generation (SHG) in a transverse (surface emitting) geometry. The T‐FROG is implemented on a thin‐film lithium niobate (LN) platform, demonstrating its versatility and consistency in accurately characterizing waveguided femtosecond pulses, including information about chirp and self‐phase modulation. In contrast to traditional FROG techniques, T‐FROG represents a significant improvement as it provides temporal amplitude and phase profiles of ultrafast optical pulses directly inside photonic integrated circuits. The real‐time in situ characteristics and dynamics of optical pulses offered by T‐FROG show promise for their potential applications in the design, testing, and optimization of ultrafast photonic integrated circuits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

SUMMARY: To improve our understanding of the mechanism underlying cucumber glossiness regulation, a novel cucumber mutant with a glossy peel (Csgp) was identified. MutMap, genotyping, and gene editing results demonstrated that CsSEC23, which is the core component of COPII vesicles, mediates the glossiness of cucumber fruit peel. CsSEC23 is functionally conserved and located in the Golgi and endoplasmic reticulum. CsSEC23 could interact with CsSEC31, but this interaction was absent in the Csgp mutant, which decreased the efficiency of COPII vesicle transportation. Genes related to wax and cutin transport were upregulated in the Csgp mutant, and the cuticle structure of the Csgp‐mutant peel became thinner. Moreover, the wax and cutin contents were also changed due to CsSEC23 mutation. Taken together, the results obtained from this study revealed that CsSEC23 mediates cucumber glossiness, and this mediating might be affected by COPII vesicle transportation. Significance Statement: In this study, the cucumber peel glossiness gene CsSEC23 was identified, and the regulatory mechanism of CsSEC23‐mediated COPII vesicles in cucumber glossiness was preliminarily explored. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the improvement of vehicle market demand and technology update, the vehicle display technology has developed rapidly, and the electronic side view mirror has gradually entered the market. Electronic side view mirror has many advantages, such as wide viewing angle, applicability to bad weather, excellent night vision ability, etc. But it also has some limitations, such as slow response time and poor working performance in low temperature environment. In order to solve the above problems, this paper integrates TDDI and in cell heating and improves the response time through OD function, and detects temperature to control heating driver through integrated temperature sensor, so that the module can have ultra‐high response time under low temperature environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cellular phenotypic and functional heterogeneities have advanced cancer evolution and treatment resistance. Although exosome‐bound proteins reflect cellular functions, single‐cell exosomes are rarely profiled owing to the lack of effective platforms. Herein, the authors developed an integrated microfluidic platform consisting of a single‐cell trapping chip and a spatially coded antibody barcode chip for the multiplexed outline of exosome secretion by single cells. Using this platform, five phenotypic exosomes of over 1 000 single cells are simultaneously profiled, in addition to inflammatory factor secretion from the same single cell. Also, a robust analysis workflow for single‐cell secretion profiling is proposed to explore the intercellular heterogeneity, which integrated unsupervised clustering and linear clustering. When applied to the tumor cell lines of epithelial‐origin and normal epithelial cell lines, the strategy identifies functionally heterogeneous subpopulations with unique secretion patterns. Notably, special functional cell subsets for unique phenotypic exosomes (HSP70+, EPCAM+) are found within ovarian tumor cells. The strategy proposed offers a new analysis approach for cellular differential exosome secretion at single‐cell resolution using inflammatory factors, ultimately reinforcing the understanding of cell‐to‐cell heterogeneity and tumor landscape, and providing a valuable universal platform for single‐cell biomarker exploration in biological and clinical research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Localdimming technology can achieve millionlevel contrast ratio, the market share of in‐vehicle applications has increased significantly. Unlike the conventional products, there are slow charging and discharging conditions in the car battery, which affects the working sequence of Localdimming. In this paper, the first monitoring program for Localdimming products is proposed to cope with the battery slow decrease and increase conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using star‐branched polyamide 6 (SPA6) with hexafunctional cyclotriphosphazene core as a matrix resin and glass fiber (GF) as a reinforcing material, star‐branched polyamide 6/glass fiber (SPA6/GF) composites with different GF content were prepared by melt‐compounding method. The star‐branched structure of SPA6 and GF content have great effects on the properties of SPA6/GF composites. Compared with linear polyamide 6 (LPA6), SPA6 with star‐branched structure has low viscosity, high melt flowability and good impregnation and adhesion to GF, which endow SPA6/GF composites outstanding processability, good surface qualities and excellent mechanical properties even when the content of GF reaches 60 wt%. The use of SPA6 resin with star‐branched structure fundamentally solves the industry problem of traditional LPA6 resin in high‐filled modification. Such high‐performance SPA6/GF composites will provide great promise for large‐scale applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Prim‐O‐glucosylcimifugin, cimifugin, and 5‐O‐methylvisamminoside are three major chromone derivatives of Saposhnikovia divaricata that have many pharmacological activities, such as anti‐inflammatory and antitumor activities. In the present work, an effective method for the simultaneous separation of prim‐O‐glucosylcimifugin, cimifugin, and 5‐O‐methylvisamminoside with high purities was established using HPD‐300 resin coupled with preparative high‐performance liquid chromatography. The adsorption kinetics curves of the three compounds on the HPD‐300 resin were studied and found to fit well according to the pseudo‐second‐order equation. The adsorption isotherm results indicated that the adsorption process of the three compounds was exothermic. After a one‐run treatment with the resin, the contents of prim‐O‐glucosylcimifugin, cimifugin, and 5‐O‐methylvisamminoside increased from 0.29, 0.06, and 0.37% to 13.07, 2.83, and 16.91% with recovery yields of 76.38, 78.25, and 76.73%, respectively. Finally, the purities of the three compounds were found to reach more than 95% after further separation using preparative high‐performance liquid chromatography. The method developed in this study was effective and could simultaneously separate three chromones from Saposhnikovia divaricate. The experimental results also showed that the HPD‐300 resin is suitable for the separation of chromone derivatives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Androgen receptor (AR) can suppress hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) invasion and metastasis at an advanced stage. Vasculogenic mimicry (VM), a new vascularization pattern by which tumour tissues nourish themselves, is correlated with tumour progression and metastasis. Here, we investigated the effect of AR on the formation of VM and its mechanism in HCC. The results suggested that AR could down‐regulate circular RNA (circRNA) 7, up‐regulate micro RNA (miRNA) 7‐5p, and suppress the formation of VM in HCC Small hairpin circR7 (ShcircR7) could reverse the impact on VM and expression of VE‐cadherin and Notch4 increased by small interfering AR (shAR) in HCC, while inhibition of miR‐7‐5p blocked the formation of VM and expression of VE‐cadherin and Notch4 decreased by AR overexpression (oeAR) in HCC. Mechanism dissection demonstrated that AR could directly target the circR7 host gene promoter to suppress circR7, and miR‐7‐5p might directly target the VE‐cadherin and Notch4 3′UTR to suppress their expression in HCC. In addition, knockdown of Notch4 and/or VE‐cadherin revealed that shVE‐cadherin or shNotch4 alone could partially reverse the formation of HCC VM, while shVE‐cadherin and shNotch4 together could completely suppress the formation of HCC VM. Those results indicate that AR could suppress the formation of HCC VM by down‐regulating circRNA7/miRNA7‐5p/VE‐Cadherin/Notch4 signals in HCC, which will help in the design of novel therapies against HCC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Suberin lamellae, which provide a hydrophobic protective barrier against biotic and abiotic stresses, are widely deposited in various cell types during plant development and in response to stress. However, it remains unclear how developmental programs interact with stress responses to direct the precise spatiotemporal pattern of suberin deposition. In this study, we found that SHORT‐ROOT (SHR), together with its downstream factor MYB36, guided suberization specifically in the root endodermis. Despite a partial dependence on abscisic acid (ABA), the suberization mediated by SHR and MYB36 appeared to derive from a slow readout of developmental programs, which was in contrast to the rapid but transient suberization induced by ABA. Furthermore, we found the MYB39 transcription factor functioned as a common downstream hub of the SHR/MYB36 pathway and the ABA‐triggered response. MYB39 could directly bind to the FAR5 (alcohol‐forming fatty acyl‐coenzyme A reductase) promoter to activate its expression. In addition, overexpression of MYB39 dramatically increased the amount of suberization in Arabidopsis roots. Our results provide important insights into the interaction between developmental programs and environmental stimuli in root suberization in Arabidopsis. Significance Statement: Suberin lamella serves as a protection against biotic and abiotic stresses in plants. Here we show that SHORT‐ROOT mediates a developmental regulatory network that interplays with stress‐induced hormone abscisic acid to coordinate suberization in Arabidopsis roots. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Root endodermis, the innermost cortical layer surrounding the root vasculature, serves as the foremost barrier to water, solutes, and nutrients taken up from soil. Endodermis barrier functionality is achieved via its hydrophobic coating of lignified Casparian strips and the suberin lamellae; nonetheless the regulatory mechanisms underlying endodermis suberization are still elusive. Here, we discovered that the Arabidopsis SUBERMAN (SUB) transcription factor controls the establishment of the root suberin lamellae. Transient expression of SUB in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves resulted in the induction of heterologous suberin genes, the accumulation of suberin‐type monomers, and consequent deposition of suberin‐like lamellae. We demonstrate that SUB exerts its regulatory roles by transactivating promoters of suberin genes. In Arabidopsis, SUB is expressed in patchy and continuous suberization root endodermal cells, and thus roots with higher or lower expression of SUB display altered suberin polymer deposition patterns and modified composition. While these changes did not interfere with Casparian strip formation they had a substantial effect on root uptake capacity, resulting in varied root and leaf ionomic phenotypes. Gene expression profiling revealed that SUB function impacts transcriptional networks associated with suberin, phenylpropanoids, lignin, and cuticular lipid biosynthesis, as well as root transport activities, hormone signalling, and cell wall modification. Our findings highlight SUB as a regulator of root endodermis suberization during normal development, and its characterization is thus a key step towards dissecting the molecular mechanisms partaking in root endodermal barrier functionalities. Significance Statement: The capacity of root endodermis to function as a successful barrier is achieved by the deposition of lignified Casparian strips and suberin lamellae in its cell walls during development. Here, we discovered that the Arabidopsis SUBERMAN (SUB) transcription factor controls establishment of the root suberin lamellae. Its characterization constitutes a key step towards dissecting the molecular mechanisms partaking in root endodermal barrier functionalities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High resolution and multi‐purpose are gradually becoming the trend of vehicle industry. BOE has developed a 42.2‐inch vehicle mounted high‐resolution touch smart module, which integrates multiple application scenario solutions such as partial privacy, camera under the screen, local dimming, ambient light sensor and haptic feedback. GOA architecture is adopted in the display circuit, 16 Source ICs supporting Touch function are cascaded, and two TCONs are jointly driven to achieve 10K resolution, 250 PPI Ultra high image quality and 1000000:1 high contrast. The whole module is composed of two independent panels. The two panels cooperate with each other to realize the function of partial privacy. The module integrates multiple functions and brings customers a safer, more comfortable and more intelligent driving experience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a well‐known traditional Chinese medicine, Ziziphi Spinosae Semen has been used for treating anxiety and insomnia for a long time. Spinosin, the main active C‐glycoside flavonoid in Ziziphi Spinosae Semen, has attracted much attention because of its many pharmacological activities including strong hypnotic effects, anxiolytic‐like effects, and so on. In the present work, high‐purity spinosin was separated from Ziziphi Spinosae Semen using the HPD‐300 resin followed by preparative high‐performance liquid chromatography. The adsorption kinetics curve of spinosin on the HPD‐300 resin was studied and fitted well by the pseudo‐second‐order equation. The adsorption isotherms were also constructed and low temperature favored the adsorption reaction. The separation parameters were optimized using dynamic adsorption and desorption tests. After a one‐run treatment with HPD‐300 resin, the concentration of spinosin increased 11.8‐fold from 0.99 to 11.7% with a recovery yield of 80.4%. Furthermore, the purity of spinosin could surpass above 98% after separation by preparative high‐performance liquid chromatography and recrystallization with a recovery yield of 72.6%. The developed method was effective and suitable for the large‐scale preparation of spinosin. Moreover, it was confirmed that HPD‐300 resin could enable good selection for the enrichment of flavonoids from different plants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel high‐capacity‐spherical LiNi0.82Co0.15Al0.03O2 (NCA) cathode material is prepared by two‐step method. Firstly, the co‐precipitation method is used to prepare Ni0.82Co0.15Al0.03(OH)2 precursors. Then, the sol‐gel method is applied to mix the Ni0.82Co0.15Al0.03(OH)2 precursors and Li2CO3 so that Li can get in touch with Ni0.82Co0.15Al0.03(OH)2 precursors evenly. Compared to the conventional Ni‐rich cathode materials, the NCA cathode material exhibits improved reversible capacity, capacity retention, rate performance and better thermal stability. But beyond that, improving the thermal stability of the NCA cathode material at 4.5 V is also very important. Even more remarkably, the NCA cathode material exhibits an excellent rate capacity of about 175 mAh g−1 at 5 C with a cut‐off potential range between 2.8 and 4.5 V, corresponding to around 670 Wh kg−1 at 25 °C. It also provides significantly improved thermal stability at the high temperature of 60 °C, with a discharge capacity of 125.1 mAh g−1 after 200 cycles with capacity retention of 56.3%. Therefore, the NCA cathode material is one of the best classes of cathode materials that could satisfy the demands of future electric vehicles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two fluorine‐substituted 1,4,5,6‐tetrahydrobenzo[h]quinazolin‐2‐amine (BQA) derivatives, namely 2‐amino‐4‐(2‐fluorophenyl)‐9‐methoxy‐1,4,5,6‐tetrahydrobenzo[h]quinazolin‐3‐ium chloride, (8), and 2‐amino‐4‐(4‐fluorophenyl)‐9‐methoxy‐1,4,5,6‐tetrahydrobenzo[h]quinazolin‐3‐ium chloride, (9), both C19H19FN3O+·Cl−, were generated by Michael addition reactions between guanidine hydrochloride and the α,β‐unsaturated ketones (E)‐2‐(2‐fluorobenzylidene)‐7‐methoxy‐3,4‐dihydronaphthalen‐1(2H)‐one, C18H15FO2, (6), and (E)‐2‐(4‐fluorobenzylidene)‐7‐methoxy‐3,4‐dihydronaphthalen‐1(2H)‐one, (7). Because both sides of α,β‐unsaturated ketones (6) or (7) can be attacked by guanidine, we obtained a pair of isomers in (8) and (9). Single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction indicates that each isomer has a chiral C atom and both (8) and (9) crystallize in the achiral space group P21/c. The chloride ion, as a hydrogen‐bond acceptor, plays an important role in the formation of multiple hydrogen bonds. Thus, adjacent molecules are connected through intermolecular hydrogen bonds to generate a banded structure. Furthermore, these bands are linked into an interesting 3D network via hydrogen bonds and π–π interactions. Fortunately, the solubilities of (8) and (9) were distinctly improved and can exceed 50 mg ml−1 in water or PBS buffer system (pH 7.4) at room temperature. In addition, the results of an investigation of anti‐inflammatory activity show that (8) and (9), with o‐ and p‐fluoro substituents, respectively, display more potential for inhibitory effects on LPS‐induced NO secretion than starting ketones (6) and (7). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Phloridzin is one of the major phenolic compounds in apple and has been widely used in medicine for a long time due to its significant biomedical activities. In this article, macroporous resin was used for purification of phloridzin from apple leaves. The HPD‐300 resin was selected for the enrichement of phloridzin according to its high adsorption and desorption capacities. The adsorption kinetics and isotherms were constructed on the HPD‐300 resin and fitted well to the pseudo‐second‐order kinetic model and Langmuir model, respectively. Dynamic adsorption and desorption tests were performed on the column packed with HPD‐300 resin to optimize the operating parameters. After one round treatment with HPD‐300 resin, the purity of phloridzin in the product increased from 11.4 to 50.1% with a recovery yield of 79.3%. Subsequently, preparative high‐performance liquid chromatography was employed for the purification of phloridzin. The purity of phloridzin could reach above 98% after further recrystallization with a recovery yield of 75.8%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

3,5‐Bis(arylidene)piperidin‐4‐one derivatives (BAPs) display good antitumour activity because of their double α,β‐unsaturated ketone structural characteristics. Reported BAPs have generally been symmetric and asymmetric BAPs have been little documented. Three asymmetric BAPs, namely (5E)‐3‐(4‐tert‐butylbenzylidene)‐5‐(4‐fluorobenzylidene)‐1‐methylpiperidin‐4‐one, C24H26FNO, (5), (5E)‐3‐(4‐tert‐butylbenzylidene)‐5‐(3,5‐dimethoxybenzylidene)‐1‐methylpiperidin‐4‐one, C26H31NO3, (6), and (5E)‐3‐{3‐[(E)‐(2,3‐dihydroxybenzylidene)amino]benzylidene}‐5‐(2‐fluorobenzylidene)‐1‐methylpiperidin‐4‐one, C27H23FN2O3, (12), were generated by Claisen–Schmidt condensation. They are characterized by NMR and FT–IR spectroscopies, and elemental analysis. Single‐crystal structure analysis reveals that the two arylidene rings on both sides of the BAP structures adopt an E stereochemistry of the olefinic double bonds and the compounds are E,E isomers. Molecules of (5) and (12) generate one‐dimensional chains through intermolecular hydrogen bonds, while compound (6) generates a two‐dimensional network through hydrogen bonds. Preliminary cytotoxicities toward human liver hepatocellular carcinoma cell line (HepG2), human acute mononuclear granulocyte leukaemia (THP‐1) and human normal hepatical cell line (LO2) were evaluated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: In this paper, a new multi‐wing chaotic attractor is constructed. Based on the proposed multi‐wing system, the paper presents a novel method to generate hyperchaotic multi‐wing attractors. By introducing a flux‐controlled memristor into the proposed multi‐wing system, hyperchaotic multi‐wing attractor is observed in new memristive system. At the same time, the new memristive system has no equilibrium. The phase portraits and Lyapunov exponents are used to analyze the dynamic behaviors of the no‐equilibrium memristive system. Moreover, we analyze the influence on multi‐wing system when adding the memristor in different position. The electronic circuit is realized by using off‐the‐shelf components. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Four new 3,4-dihydro-1-benzoxepin-5(2 H)-one derivatives, namely ( E)-4-(5-bromo-2-hydroxybenzylidene)-6,8-dimethoxy-3,4-dihydrobenzo[ b]oxepin-5(2 H)-one, ( 7), ( E)-4-[( E)-3-(5-bromo-2-hydroxyphenyl)allylidene]-6,8-dimethoxy-3,4-dihydrobenzo[ b]oxepin-5(2 H)-one, ( 8), ( E)-4-(5-bromo-2-hydroxybenzylidene)-6-hydroxy-8-methoxy-3,4-dihydrobenzo[ b]oxepin-5(2 H)-one, C18H15BrO5, ( 9), and ( E)-4-[( E)-3-(5-bromo-2-hydroxyphenyl)allylidene]-6-hydroxy-8-methoxy-3,4-dihydrobenzo[ b]oxepin-5(2 H)-one, ( 10), have been synthesized and characterized by FT-IR, NMR and MS. The structure of ( 9) was confirmed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Crystal structure analysis shows that molecules of ( 9) are connected into a one-dimensional chain in the [010] direction through classical hydrogen bonds and these chains are further extended into a three-dimensional network via C-H...O interactions. The inhibitory activities of these compounds against protein-tyrosine kinases (PTKs) show that 6-hydroxy-substituted compounds ( 9) and ( 10) are more effective for inhibiting ErbB1 and ErbB2 than are 6-methoxy-substituted compounds ( 7) and ( 8). This may be because ( 9) and ( 10) could effectively bind to the active pockets of the protein through intermolecular interactions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Perovskite photodetectors are fabricated via structuring a perovskite/organic heterojunction with CH3NH3PbI3 and a high-mobility and stable organic semiconductor dioctylbenzothieno [2,3-b] benzothiophene (C8BTBT), which possess broad range photoresponse from ultraviolet to near-infrared, fast response, and excellent stability. The CH3NH3PbI3/C8BTBT heterojunction photodetectors exhibit an excellent ratio of photocurrent to dark current, Ilight/ Idark, as high as 2.4 × 104, a high responsivity up to 24.8 AW−1, and a fast response of about 4.0 ms. Meanwhile, the photodetectors can maintain 90% performance even exposed in ambient condition without encapsulation for 20 d. In addition, the detailed mechanism is disclosed based on ultraviolet photoemission spectroscopy, steady-state photoluminescence (PL) spectra, and PL lifetime experiments. The C8BTBT layer acts as an efficient hole-extraction layer to let the holes quickly transport to the electrodes due to its perfect filling in the gaps between perovskite grains, as well as its intrinsic high mobility and the energy-level match with the CH3NH3PbI3. The stable C8BTBT layer can well play as a waterproof layer as well to prevent the perovskite CH3NH3PbI3 from the degradation. The research provides an excellent method for fabricating high-performance and stable perovskite photodetectors using perovskite/organic heterojunction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hybrid materials displaying multistage security behavior, where a single material shows both wavelength- and temperature-dependent luminescence properties, are reported. The materials consist of mixed-lanthanide β-diketonate complexes grafted into the pores of a nanosized 2,2′-bipyridine-5,5′-dicarboxylate-acid MOF. A very specific choice of lanthanides and their ratios, as well as β-diketonate ligand, is crucial for obtaining the desired properties. The wavelength-dependent luminescence properties of the materials are very well matched with the excitation wavelengths of a standard UV lamp, and a clearly visible change in luminescence is observed in a narrow temperature range (slightly below and above room temperature), proving them to be excellent materials for use in anti-counterfeit technologies, which would be almost impossible to mimic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A low noise and high linearity down-conversion CMOS mixer for 2.4-GHz wireless receiver is presented in this paper. Using a sub-harmonic balun with a simple but effective B-type amplifier, the local oscillator frequency required for this mixer has been reduced by half, and the input local oscillator signal could be single-ended rather than differential, which simultaneously simplifies the design of local oscillator. A distortion and noise cancelation transconductor in association with current bleeding technique is employed to improve the noise and linearity of the entire mixer under a reduced bias current without compromising the voltage gain. Fabricated in a 0.18-µm RF CMOS technology of Global Foundries, the mixer demonstrates a voltage gain of 15.8 dB and input-referred third-order intercept point of 6.6 dBm with a noise figure of 2.6 dB. It consumes 7.65 mA from a 1.0-V supply and occupies a compact area of 0.75 × 0.71 mm2 including all test pads. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A series of heterocyclic α, β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds ( 1a-1d, 2a-2d, 3a-3d, 4a-3d, and 5a-5d) with 1,5-diaryl-3-oxo-1,4-pentadienyl pharmacophore were synthesized for the development of anticancer and multidrug resistance reverting agents. The antiproliferative activities were tested against nine human cancer cell lines. Approximately 73% of the IC50 values were below 5 μ m, while 35% of these figures were submicromolar, and compounds 3a-3d with 4-trifluoro methyl in the arylidene benzene rings were the most potent, since their IC50 values are between 0.06 and 3.09 μ m against all cancer cell lines employed. Meanwhile, their multidrug resistance reversal properties and cellular uptake were further examined. The data displayed that all of these compounds could reverse multidrug resistance, particularly, compounds 3a and 4a demonstrated both potent multidrug resistance reverting properties and strong antiproliferative activities, which can be taken as leading molecules for further research of dual effect agents in tumor chemotherapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To investigate T2 mapping at 7T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for the detection and quantification of reperfused intramyocardial hemorrhage (IMH) in a rat model.Materials and Methods: Myocardial infarction (MI) was induced in 25 female rats. Rats were scanned at a 7T MRI 48 hours after reperfusion, using T2 mapping and late gadolinium enhancement imaging. Gross sections of the left ventricular myocardium and corresponding hematoxylin and eosin staining were assessed for IMH. T2 mapping images were matched with the gross sections. The IMH volume, expressed as a percentage of the left ventricular myocardial volume, of each heart determined by T2 mapping was compared with that calculated by pathological gross examination.Results: Six rats died. In all, 97 gross sections of the left ventricular myocardium from the 19 rats were matched with T2 mapping images. IMH occurred pathologically in 68 gross sections, which was detected as hypointense cores by T2 mapping in 63 images (93% sensitivity). Three T2 mapping images with hypointense cores showed no hemorrhage on pathological sections (90% specificity). The positive and negative predictive values of hemorrhage on T2 mapping were 95% and 84%, respectively. In terms of the IMH volume, there was no significant difference between T2 mapping and pathological gross measurements (4.8 ± 2.4% vs. 5.3 ± 3.2%; P = 0.11).Conclusion: T2 mapping at 7T MRI can reliably detect and quantify IMH in rats in vivo. This may be useful as a noninvasive quantitative approach to investigating the mechanisms and evolution of MI and reperfusion injury. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2016;44:194-203. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This letter describes a low-voltage low-power (LV-LP) 2.4-GHz mixer for Industrial, Scientific and Medical (ISM) band wireless applications. The approach is based on a two-stage amplifier, and the Gilbert switch stage is inserted between the two amplifier stages. The proposed amplifier-based mixer delivers a remarkable conversion gain of 13 dB with a local oscillator (LO) power of 7 dBm, while consuming only 1.05-mW DC power from a 0.8-V supply voltage. The input-referred third-order intercept point (IIP3) of the mixer is 3.82 dBm, and the chip area is only 0.429 mm2. The results indicate that this mixer is suitable for the low-voltage low-power applications. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to investigate heat transfer behaviour at an individual particle scale, the particle cooling process in a rectangular spouted bed is simulated by the Computational Fluid Dynamics-Discrete Element Method (CFD-DEM). As the inlet gas velocity increases, the gas-particle convective heat transfer in the jet region is intensified, while the convective heat transfer in the annular region is weakened. The inlet gas velocity also has an influence on the particle-particle conductive heat transfer. Particle-particle conductive heat transfer in the jet and fountain regions can both be enhanced by increasing inlet gas velocity, but this variation trend is opposite in the annular region. Additionally, the temperature distributions of particle and gas phases in the bed are also analyzed in detail. Compared with the infrared thermography experiment, the particle cooling process in the simulation results agrees closely with that in the experimental results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, by an approximating argument, we obtain infinitely many solutions for the following Hardy-Sobolev equation with critical growth: [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BOE has made a 12.3‐inch automotive multi‐screen module with ambient light sensor. This product integrates the ambient light sensor on the surface of the panel, and the demo can realize 4K high resolution display and can support separate display by screen. At the same time, in order to make the product more beautiful and simple, the ultra narrow splicing design is used. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For a better understanding of the dynamics of spouted beds, the gas-solid flow in a three-dimensional rectangular spouted bed was simulated using coupled computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and the discrete element method (DEM), and the anisotropic turbulent flow was solved by large eddy simulation (LES). The distributions of gas velocity, particle velocity, subgrid-scale eddy viscosity, gas turbulent intensity and particle turbulent intensity in the simulation results were analysed in detail. In comparison with particle trajectory velocimetry (PTV) analysis, it was found that the particle velocity distributions in the simulation results agree well with those in the experimental results, which also verify the efficiency of the simulation model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we study the perturbed biharmonic equations [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT Introduction 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy has clear advantages in respect of detecting various primary and secondary metabolites in plants simultaneously, non-targeted and non-destructively. Objective To establish a method for detecting both primary and secondary metabolites in Salvia miltiorrhiza and screening potential geographical biomarkers effectively. Methods Primary and secondary metabolites of S. militiorrhiza were detected and identified by 1H-NMR fingerprint. Sparse partial-least-squares discriminant analysis (sPLS-DA) was undertaken for classification and variable selection in a one-step procedure and the classification error rates were implemented to estimate the cluster validation of sPLS-DA. Potential candidate metabolites by characterised different geographical origins of S. miltiorrhiza were identified according to the sparse loading vectors. The levels of these metabolites were quantified and evaluated by Kruskal-Wallis tests and also showed significant difference. Results Twenty-six primary and secondary metabolites were identified in samples from different regions. The results suggest that malonate and succinate can be possibly recognised as the key markers for discriminating the geographical origin of S. miltiorrhiza based on the regulation and influence on the root respiratory rates of plants. Conclusion 1H-NMR metabolic profiling combination with PLS-DA provided a very efficient and visualised representation of similarities and dissimilarities between S. miltiorrhiza samples. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we study the following semilinear elliptic system [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Traditional metabolic engineering approaches, including homologous recombination, zinc-finger nucleases, and short hairpin RNA, have previously been used to generate biologics with specific characteristics that improve efficacy, potency, and safety. An alternative approach is to exogenously add soluble small interfering RNA (siRNA) duplexes, formulated with a cationic lipid, directly to cells grown in shake flasks or bioreactors. This approach has the following potential advantages: no cell line development required, ability to tailor mRNA silencing by adjusting siRNA concentration, simultaneous silencing of multiple target genes, and potential temporal control of down regulation of target gene expression. In this study, we demonstrate proof of concept of the siRNA feeding approach as a metabolic engineering tool in the context of increasing monoclonal antibody (MAb) afucosylation. First, potent siRNA duplexes targeting fut8 and gmds were dosed into shake flasks with cells that express an anti-CD20 MAb. Dose response studies demonstrated the ability to titrate the silencing effect. Furthermore, siRNA addition resulted in no deleterious effects on cell growth, final protein titer, or specific productivity. In bioreactors, antibodies produced by cells following siRNA treatment exhibited improved functional characteristics compared to antibodies from untreated cells, including increased levels of afucosylation (63%), a 17-fold improvement in FCgRIIIa binding, and an increase in specific cell lysis by up to 30%, as determined in an Antibody-Dependent Cellular Cytoxicity (ADCC) assay. In addition, standard purification procedures effectively cleared the exogenously added siRNA and transfection agent. Moreover, no differences were observed when other key product quality structural attributes were compared to untreated controls. These results establish that exogenous addition of siRNA represents a potentially novel metabolic engineering tool to improve biopharmaceutical function and quality that can complement existing metabolic engineering methods. © 2013 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 2013 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 29: 415-424, 2013 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we consider the p-Laplacian equations in [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Crosslinked polyacrylonitrile (PAN) was synthesized with divinylbenzene as the crosslinker with an iron(III)-mediated atom transfer radical polymerization method with activators regenerated by electron transfer. The polymerization exhibited first-order kinetics with respect to the polymerization time. Hydroxylamine hydrochloride (NH2OH·HCl) was used to modify the cyano groups of the crosslinked PAN to obtain amidoxime (AO) groups. The AO-crosslinked PAN was used to remove Hg(II). The optimum pH, adsorption kinetics, and adsorption isotherms were investigated. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]