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BACKGROUND: Monascus pigment (MP) is a natural food coloring with vital physiological functions but prone to degradation and color fading under light conditions. RESULTS: This study investigated the effect of complex formation of soybean protein isolate (SPI), maltodextrin (MD), and MP on the photostability of MP. Light stability was assessed through retention rate and color difference. Fluorescence spectroscopy (FS), circular dichroism (CD), Fourier‐transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) explored MP, SPI, and MD interactions, clarifying the MP–SPI–MD complex mechanism on the light stability of MP. Microstructure and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analyzed the morphology and thermal properties. The retention rate of MP increased to approximately 80%, and minimal color difference was observed when adding SPI and MD simultaneously. FS revealed hydrophobic interaction between MP and SPI. FTIR analysis showed intensity changes and peak shifts in amide I band and amide II band, which proved the hydrophobic interaction. CD showed a decrease in α‐helix content and an increase in β‐sheet content after complex formation, indicating strengthened hydrogen bonding interactions. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis demonstrated that MP was attached to the surface and interior of complexes. XRD showed MP as crystalline, while SPI and MD were amorphous, complexes exhibited weakened or absent peaks, suggesting MP encapsulation. The results of DSC were consistent with XRD. CONCLUSION: SPI and MD enveloped MP through hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interaction, ultimately enhancing its light stability and providing insights for pigment–protein–polysaccharide interactions and improving pigment stability in the food industry. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High‐silica granitoids record the formation and evolution of the continental crust. A new intrusive complex has been recognized among silicic volcanic rocks of the Weixi arc, Southwest China. The intrusions consist of granites, granitic porphyries, and granodiorites. Zircon U‐Pb age data indicate that the Weixi granitoids formed at 248–240 Ma and were coeval with silicic volcanic rocks of the Weixi arc. The Weixi granitoids are enriched in Rb, Th, and U, depleted in Ba, Sr, Nb, Ta, and Ti, and have high light/heavy rare earth element ratios and slightly negative Eu anomalies. The Weixi granitoids have negative εNd(t) values (–9.8 to –7.8) and negative zircon εHf(t) values (–12.02 to –5.11). The geochemical and isotopic features suggest the Weixi granitoids were derived by partial melting of ancient crustal material. The Weixi granitoids and silicic volcanic rocks were derived from the same magma by crystal accumulation and melt extraction, respectively, and they record the formation of a continental arc in the central Sanjiang orogenic belt. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: In this study, pre‐fermented frozen raw dough (PFRD) was subjected to freeze–thaw cycling (FTC) to explore the deterioration mechanism of PFRD, after which the physical quality, chemical properties and in vitro digestion characteristics of starch in the dough were analysed. The results showed that after the 5th FTC, the surface area of the dough and starch exhibited obvious depression deformation, and the damaged starch content increased by 38.21%. The random mechanical damage caused by ice crystals also had no significant regularity in the water retention and the short‐range order of starch. Moreover, the breakdown of the double helix structure of starch led to the dissolution of amylose, and the expansion and gelatinization enthalpy increased. In addition, the in vitro digestion results showed that freeze–thaw cycle twice increased the digestibility of the starch, and the hydrolysis rate reached 75.16%, Therefore, the effects of FTC twice on the starch of PFRD are controllable. This study provides a theoretical basis for the development of prefabricated frozen starch food industry technology in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Precise and personalized drug application is crucial in the clinical treatment of complex diseases. Although neural networks offer a new approach to improving drug strategies, their internal structure is difficult to interpret. Here, we propose PBAC (Pathway‐Based Attention Convolution neural network), which integrates a deep learning framework and attention mechanism to address the complex biological pathway information, thereby provide a biology function‐based robust drug responsiveness prediction model. PBAC has four layers: gene‐pathway layer, attention layer, convolution layer and fully connected layer. PBAC improves the performance of predicting drug responsiveness by focusing on important pathways, helping us understand the mechanism of drug action in diseases. We validated the PBAC model using data from four chemotherapy drugs (Bortezomib, Cisplatin, Docetaxel and Paclitaxel) and 11 immunotherapy datasets. In the majority of datasets, PBAC exhibits superior performance compared to traditional machine learning methods and other research approaches (area under curve = 0.81, the area under the precision‐recall curve = 0.73). Using PBAC attention layer output, we identified some pathways as potential core cancer regulators, providing good interpretability for drug treatment prediction. In summary, we presented PBAC, a powerful tool to predict drug responsiveness based on the biology pathway information and explore the potential cancer‐driving pathways. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The electron‐phonon interaction is known as one of the major mechanisms determining electrical and thermal properties. In particular, it alters the carrier transport behaviors and sets fundamental limits to carrier mobility. Establishing how electrons interact with phonons and the resulting impact on the carrier transport property is significant for the development of high‐efficiency electronic devices. Here, carrier transport behavior mediated by the electron‐phonon coupling in BiFeO3 epitaxial thin films is directly observed. Acoustic phonons are generated by the inverse piezoelectric effect and coupled with photocarriers. Via the electron‐phonon coupling, doughnut shape carrier distribution has been observed due to the coupling between hot carriers and phonons. The hot carrier quasi‐ballistic transport length can reach 340 nm within 1 ps. The results suggest an effective approach to investigating the effects of electron‐phonon interactions with temporal and spatial resolutions, which is of great importance for designing and improving electronic devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Antisocial personality disorder (ASPD) is a common behavioral pattern that causes sufferers to ignore or violate the rights of others. Though its cause is still unclear, previous studies have shown that childhood maltreatment is closely related to ASPD. The NOS1AP gene is associated with various neuropsychiatric diseases, but a linkage between it and ASPD has not yet been discovered. This study recruited ASPD and non‐ASPD male subjects who had committed violent crimes from a prison in Nanjing, China. By comparing the two groups' genotypes, allele frequencies, and histories of childhood abuse, we explored the interaction between the NOS1AP gene and childhood maltreatment on the pathogenesis of ASPD. The results showed that polymorphism rs945713 in the NOS1AP gene was associated with ASPD and furthermore that this SNP may be involved in regulating the effect of childhood abuse on ASPD. This study found that childhood trauma increases the risk of ASPD in violent adult male inmates; for prisoners with ASPD, it is critical to pay attention to their childhood trauma and take early psychological intervention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Accurately measuring the attenuation coefficient (AC) of reference phantoms is critical in clinical applications of quantitative ultrasound. Phantom AC measurement requires proper compensation of membrane transmission loss. Conventional methods require separate membrane samples to obtain membrane transmission loss. Unfortunately, separate membrane samples are often unavailable. A pulse‐echo approach is proposed herein to compensate for membrane transmission loss without requiring separate membrane samples. Methods: The proposed method consists of the following steps. First, the insertion loss, caused by phantom attenuation and membrane transmission loss, is measured. Second, the membrane reflection coefficient is measured. Third, the unknown acoustic parameters of the membrane and phantom material are estimated by fitting theoretical reflection coefficient to the measured one. Finally, the fitted parameters are used to estimate membrane transmission loss and phantom AC. The proposed method was validated through k‐Wave simulations and phantom experiments. Experimental AC measurements were repeated on 5 distinct phantoms by 2 operators to assess the repeatability and reproducibility of the proposed method. Five transducers were used to cover a broad bandwidth (0.7–16 MHz). Results: The acquired AC in the simulations had a maximum error of 0.06 dB/cm‐MHz for simulated phantom AC values ranging from 0.5 to 1 dB/cm‐MHz. The acquired AC in the experiments had a maximum error of 0.045 dB/cm‐MHz for phantom AC values ranging from 0.28 to 1.48 dB/cm‐MHz. Good repeatability and cross‐operator reproducibility were observed with a mean coefficient of variation below 0.054. Conclusion: The proposed method simplifies phantom AC measurement while providing satisfactory accuracy and precision. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High Mountain Asia (HMA) glaciers are a key component of mountain hydrology and their seasonal ablation contributes significantly to the annual runoff of several large river systems that protect large populations from water stress. However, the seasonal cycle of glacial change remains unclear. Recent NASA's Ice, Cloud, and Land Elevation Satellite (ICESat‐2) provides an opportunity to survey changes in the glacier surface elevation in unprecedented detail. Here, we used a new approach—which is based on a developed elevation bin cluster with a sliding filter and an iterative recovery method—to obtain the complete seasonal cycle of glacier thickness changes in HMA. We generally identified three types of glaciers: (a) glaciers in the westerly dominant area (WDA) (b) glaciers in the Indian monsoon area (IMA), and (c) glaciers in the transition area (TA). The peak thickness values for the IMA, WDA, and TA glaciers occur in February, May, and June, respectively. Most glaciers in WDA and IMA show a strong seasonal cycle with variations of more than 2 m, while the TA glaciers are mainly characterized by weak changes of up to 1 m. Overall, our results show that the glaciers can provide 67–138 Gt of meltwater per year to downstream. These results provide crucial information for the calibration of models that project glacier response to climate change and simulate the downstream water availability. Our methodology facilitates the application of ICESat‐2 to seasonal tracking of glacier variability in global alpine areas. Plain Language Summary: High Mountain Asia (HMA) is the largest ice‐covered region outside the polar regions. Ice and snow provide water resources by seasonally storing and releasing water, which plays an important role in downstream domestic, agricultural, and industrial uses. Yet, the knowledge regarding seasonal changes of glacier is still lacking. The launch of the second generation of the ice tracking satellite (Ice, Cloud, and Land Elevation Satellite‐2) allows for the monitoring of changes in glacier thickness in unprecedented detail. In this study, we used a new algorithm to characterize the variability in the seasonal ice thickness for 11 mountain ranges composing HMA. Our results show three types of seasonal glacier patterns, which are highly related to the regional climatic conditions. These results can be used to calibrate models of glacier change and downstream available water. Key Points: The completed seasonal cycle of glaciers was observed in unprecedented detailGlacier seasonality on High Mountain Asia was categorized into three patternsDistinct seasonal glacier cycles were due to Westerly and Monsoon influence [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Oil bodies (OBs) are micron‐ or submicron‐sized sub‐organelles widely found in plants seeds and nuts. The structure of OBs is composed of a core of neutral lipids covered by a phospholipid‐protein layer, which ensures the stability of OBs under extreme environmental conditions and further protects core lipids as energy reserves. As naturally pre‐emulsified oil‐in‐water emulsions, OBs have been gradually applied to replace synthetically engineered oil droplets. In this paper, the recent research on the extraction, composition, stability, food applications, in vitro digestion, and future perspectives of plant OBs were reviewed. Recent studies have focused on the large‐scale extraction techniques and OBs surface protein identification and function. Electrostatic deposition and viscosity effect of polysaccharides significantly improve the stability of OBs emulsions. OBs have broad application prospects in replacing milk fat droplets, as fat replacers and delivery vehicles, and fabricating emulsion‐gels, oleogels or edible films. Notably, oleosins present a potential allergen risk. OBs are digested slowly, resulting in increased satiety and effectively helping to reduce calorie intake, but this can negatively affect the bioaccessibility of nutritional compounds in OBs. When OB as a delivery vehicle, its natural structure may be disrupted, whereas OBs‐based delivery system facilitates the bioaccessibility of hydrophobic active compounds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We designed, synthesized, and characterized a tri‐block copolymer. Its hydrophobic part, a chain of histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDACi) prodrug, was symmetrically flanked by two identical PEG blocks, whereas the built‐in HDACi was a linear molecule, terminated with a thiol at one end, and a hydroxyl group at the other. Such a feature facilitated end‐to‐end linkage of prodrugs through alternatively aligned disulfides and carbonates. The disulfides served dual roles: redox sensors of smart nanomedicine, and warheads of masked HDACi drugs. This approach, carefully designed to benefit both control‐release and efficacy, is conceptually novel for optimizing drug units in nanomedicine. Micelles from this designer polyprodrug released only PEG, CO2 and HDACi, and synergized with DOX against HCT116 cells, demonstrating its widespread potential in combination therapy. Our work highlights, for the first time, the unique advantage of thiol‐based drug molecules in nanomedicine design. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Glacier melt in High Mountain Asia (HMA) is an indicator of climate change and has a major impact on the regional hydrology and freshwater supply. We determined the recent status of HMA glaciers based on the first analysis of Ice, Cloud, and Land Elevation Satellite‐2 (ICESat‐2) data. We used the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) and GRACE Follow‐On (FO) data to complement ICESat‐1,2 data and validate them independently. We find a good agreement between ICESat‐1,2 and GRACE/GRACE‐FO data, which demonstrates the high reliability of results. Based on our results, the continuous glacier mass change from 2003 to 2019 is −28 ± 6 Gt yr−1, which is more negative than stereo imagery‐based studies. The regional variability of the glaciers ranges from −1.07 ± 0.10 m yr−1 in southeastern Nyaingentanglha to +0.16 ± 0.10 m yr−1 in West Kunlun. ICESat‐2 data enable new insight into the continuous measurement of HMA glacier elevation change. Plain Language Summary: High Mountain Asia (HMA) is the largest ice‐covered region outside the polar regions. Glaciers have been melting for the past decades due to global warming and will probably continue in the coming decades. This threatens the water availability in downstream basins and affects the regional or global climate. Thus, it is important to continuously monitor the states of the glaciers. In this study, the first analysis of data released after the launch of the second generation of the Ice, Cloud, and Land Elevation Satellite (ICESat‐2) is provided. The data were used to survey the glacier thickness and mass change in HMA. We used independent gravity satellite data to fill the gap of ICESat, and the two independent data sets agree with respect to the continuous glacier mass change, which indicates the high reliability of the results. We estimate a total mass change of HMA glaciers is −28 ± 6 Gt yr−1 (Gt = 109 t water) or −0.34 ± 0.07 m yr−1 from 2003 to 2019. The spatial variability of the glacier elevation change rates indicates rapid thinning in Nyaingentanglha, but a slight increase in West Kunlun. Key Points: We provide the first look of ICESat‐2 data on glacier thickness and mass changes in High Mountain AsiaWe use independent data from satellite gravimetry to fill data gap of ICESat and obtain nearly continuous glacier mass changesThere is a quantitative agreement between satellite gravimetry and satellite altimetry, which show high reliability of result and data [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Accurate predictions of classification biomarkers and disease status are indispensable for clinical cancer diagnosis and research. However, the robustness of conventional gene biomarkers is limited by issues with reproducibility across different measurement platforms and cohorts of patients. In this study, we collected 4775 samples from 12 different cancer datasets, which contained 4636 TCGA samples and 139 GEO samples. A new method was developed to detect miRNA‐mediated subpathway activities by using directed random walk (miDRW). To calculate the activity of each miRNA‐mediated subpathway, we constructed a global directed pathway network (GDPN) with genes as nodes. We then identified miRNAs with expression levels which were strongly inversely correlated with differentially expressed target genes in the GDPN. Finally, each miRNA‐mediated subpathway activity was integrated with the topological information, differential levels of miRNAs and genes, expression levels of genes, and target relationships between miRNAs and genes. The results showed that the proposed method yielded a more robust and accurate overall performance compared with other existing pathway‐based, miRNA‐based, and gene‐based classification methods. The high‐frequency miRNA‐mediated subpathways are more reliable in classifying samples and for selecting therapeutic strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Accurate classification of gliomas is crucial for prescribing therapy and assessing the prognosis of patients.Purpose: To develop a radiomics nomogram using multiparametric MRI for predicting glioma grading.Study Type: Retrospective.Population: This study involved 85 patients (training cohort: n = 56; validation cohort: n = 29) with pathologically confirmed gliomas.Field Strength/sequence: 1.5T MR, containing contrast-enhanced T1 -weighted (CET1 WI), axial T2 -weighted (T2 WI), and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) sequences.Assessment: A region of interest of the tumor was delineated. A total of 652 radiomics features were extracted and were reduced using least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression.Statistical Testing: Radiomic signature, participant's age, and gender were analyzed as potential predictors to perform logistic regression analysis and develop a prediction model of glioma grading, and a radiomics nomogram was used to represent this model. The performance of the nomogram was assessed in terms of discrimination, calibration, and clinical value in glioma grading.Results: The radiomic signature was significantly associated with glioma grade (P < 0.001) in both the training and validation cohorts. The performance of the radiomics nomogram derived from three MRI sequences (with C-index of 0.971 and 0.961 in the training and validation cohorts, respectively) was improved compared to those based on either CET1 WI, T2 WI, or ADC alone in glioma grading (with C-index of 0.914, 0.714, 0.842 in the training cohort, and 0.941, 0.500, 0.730 in the validation cohort). The nomogram derived from three sequences showed good calibration: the calibration curve showed good agreement between the estimated and the actual probability. The decision curve demonstrated that combining three sequences had more favorable clinical predictive value than single sequence imaging.Data Conclusion: We created and assessed a multiparametric MRI-based radiomics nomogram that may help clinicians classify gliomas more accurately.Level Of Evidence: 4 Technical Efficacy: Stage 2 J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2019;49:825-833. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Competing endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs) represent a novel mechanism of gene regulation that may mediate key subpathway regions and contribute to the altered activities of pathways. However, the classical methods used to identify pathways fail to specifically consider ceRNAs within the pathways and key regions impacted by them. We proposed a powerful strategy named ce‐Subpathway for the identification of ceRNA‐mediated functional subpathways. It provided an effective level of pathway analysis via integrating ceRNAs, differentially expressed (DE) genes and their key regions within the given pathways. We respectively analysed one pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) and one myocardial infarction (MI) data sets and demonstrated that ce‐Subpathway could identify many subpathways whose corresponding entire pathways were ignored by those non‐ceRNA‐mediated pathway identification methods. And these pathways have been well reported to be associated with PAH/MI‐related cardiovascular diseases. Further evidence showed reliability of ceRNA interactions and robustness/reproducibility of the ce‐Subpathway strategy by several data sets of different cancers, including breast cancer, oesophageal cancer and colon cancer. Survival analysis was finally applied to illustrate the clinical application value of the ceRNA‐mediated functional subpathways using another data sets of pancreatic cancer. Comprehensive analyses have shown the power of a joint ceRNAs/DE genes and subpathway strategy based on their topologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently, increased efforts have been made to estimate the mass budgets of glaciers in High Mountain Asia (HMA). However, seasonal changes in glaciers are poorly understood, despite the fact that seasonal meltwater released from glaciers is a crucial local water resource in HMA. Utilizing satellite altimetry and gravimetry data, we constructed annual changes in glacier elevation and identified two general patterns of the seasonality of glacier elevation changes. Glaciers in the periphery of HMA (except for those in the eastern Himalayas) thicken from approximately December to April-June, thus exhibiting winter and spring accumulation. Glaciers in the inner Tibetan Plateau, especially those in Western Kunlun and Tanggula, accumulate from approximately March to approximately August, thus exhibiting spring and summer accumulation. The amounts of seasonal glacier ablation were obtained using a new approach of direct observations of glacier changes, rather than inferring changes using a climate model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Artificial reservoirs are important indicators of anthropogenic impacts on environments, and their cumulative influences on the local water storage will change the gravity signal. However, because of their small signal size, such gravity changes are seldom studied using satellite gravimetry from the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE). Here we investigate the ability of GRACE to detect water storage changes in the Longyangxia Reservoir (LR), which is situated in the upper main stem of the Yellow River. Three different GRACE solutions from the CSR, GFZ, and JPL with three different processing filters are compared here. We find that heavy precipitation in the summer of 2005 caused the LR water storage to increase by 37.9 m in height, which is equivalent to 13.0 Gt in mass, and that the CSR solutions with a DDK4 filter show the best performance in revealing the synthetic gravity signals. We also obtain 109 pairs of reservoir inundation area measurements from satellite imagery and water level changes from laser altimetry and in situ observations to derive the area-height ratios for the LR. The root mean square of GRACE series in the LR is reduced by 39% after removing synthetic signals caused by mass changes in the LR or by 62% if the GRACE series is further smoothed. We conclude that GRACE data show promising potential in detecting water storage changes in this ∼400 km2 reservoir and that a small signal size is not a restricting factor for detection using GRACE data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The organization and presentation of information are critical in designing a display for industrial safety-critical systems. How they affect human performance is not fully studied yet. Functional displays are newly proposed for nuclear power plant (NPP) main control rooms. The effect of functional organization and the choice of information presentation styles need to be examined. This study aims to explore the effects of information organization (process display vs. functional display), parameter presentation (text vs. bar chart), and component presentation (mimic vs. simplified graph) for better understanding the pros and cons of functional displays designed following function based task analysis (FBTA). Performance data were collected from simulated procedure tasks using eight (2 × 2 × 2) displays. The results indicate that the functional display based on FBTA was more effective than the process display, and this could be mainly attributed to its functional information organization rather than to its presentation styles of parameters and components. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The structural properties and mixing thermodynamic of TiC1− x N x and TiO1− x N x (0 ≤ x ≤ 1) solid solutions have been studied by X-ray diffraction method and first-principles calculations. The TiC1− x N x and TiO1− x N x compounds were synthesized via solid-state reaction and the analysis of XRD patterns show the properties of continuous solid solutions over the whole composition range. Thermodynamic analyses and structural stability studies were performed based on the mixing enthalpies and electronic structures. The mixing enthalpies of TiC1− x N x and TiO1− x N x can be fitted using a second-degree polynomial with the increasing of supercell. The first-principles calculations results reveal that the TiO1− x N x shows large number vacancies segregated in TiO-part. The charge redistributed around Ti vacancy constitutes the main contribution to the stabilization rather than the Ti-Ti bond across the O vacancy through analyzing the electron density difference plots and PDOS . These results provide theoretical basis for the development and application of the TiC1− x N x and TiO1− x N x solid solutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Transcription factor PAX3/Pax3 contributes to diverse cell lineages during embryonic development and is important in tumourigenesis. We found that PAX3 is re-expressed in neuroblastoma and malignant neuroblastic (N-type) neuroblastoma cells had significantly higher PAX3 protein expression than their benign substrate-adherent (S-type) counterparts. Knock-down of PAX3 expression by si RNA transfection resulted in persistent cell growth inhibition in both types of neuroblastoma cell, owing to G1 cell cycle arrest and progressive apoptosis. Inhibition of PAX3 expression significantly decreased the attachment of S-type SH- EP1 cells to extra-cellular matrix proteins, fibronectin, laminin and collagen IV. Migration and invasion of both neuroblastoma cell types were markedly reduced after PAX3 down-regulation. PAX3 knock-down significantly augmented the cytotoxic effect of chemotherapeutic agents, etoposide, vincristine and cisplatin, commonly used to treat neuroblastoma. Microarray analyses revealed that particularly signalling pathways involving cell cycle, apoptosis, cell adhesion, cytoskeletal remodelling and development were altered by PAX3 down-regulation. Changes in PAX3 downstream genes identified by microarray analyses were validated in 47 genes by quantitative PCR. These novel findings lead us to propose that PAX3 might contribute to oncogenic characteristics of neuroblastoma cells by regulating a variety of crucial signalling pathways. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The electron‐phonon interaction is known as one of the major mechanisms determining electrical and thermal properties. In particular, it alters the carrier transport behaviors and sets fundamental limits to carrier mobility. Establishing how electrons interact with phonons and the resulting impact on the carrier transport property is significant for the development of high‐efficiency electronic devices. Here, carrier transport behavior mediated by the electron‐phonon coupling in BiFeO3 epitaxial thin films is directly observed. Acoustic phonons are generated by the inverse piezoelectric effect and coupled with photocarriers. Via the electron‐phonon coupling, doughnut shape carrier distribution has been observed due to the coupling between hot carriers and phonons. The hot carrier quasi‐ballistic transport length can reach 340 nm within 1 ps. The results suggest an effective approach to investigating the effects of electron‐phonon interactions with temporal and spatial resolutions, which is of great importance for designing and improving electronic devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The titleompound is prepared by electro-deoxidation of a TiO2/SiO2 composite in molten CaCl2 electrolyte at 900 °C. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a relatively common malignancy clinically and the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths. Recent studies have identified T-cell exhaustion as playing a crucial role in the pathogenesis of CRC. A long-standing challenge in the clinical management of CRC is to understand how T cells function during its progression and metastasis, and whether potential therapeutic targets for CRC treatment can be predicted through T cells. Here, we propose DeepTEX, a multi-omics deep learning approach that integrates cross-model data to investigate the heterogeneity of T-cell exhaustion in CRC. DeepTEX uses a domain adaptation model to align the data distributions from two different modalities and applies a cross-modal knowledge distillation model to predict the heterogeneity of T-cell exhaustion across diverse patients, identifying key functional pathways and genes. DeepTEX offers valuable insights into the application of deep learning in multi-omics, providing crucial data for exploring the stages of T-cell exhaustion associated with CRC and relevant therapeutic targets., (© 2024 The Author(s). Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine published by Foundation for Cellular and Molecular Medicine and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

The paired box genes are a family of nine developmental control genes, which in human beings (PAX) and mice (Pax) encode nuclear transcription factors. The temporal and spatial expressions of these highly conserved genes are tightly regulated during foetal development including organogenesis. PAX/Pax genes are switched off during the terminal differentiation of most structures. Specific mutations within a number of PAX/Pax genes lead to developmental abnormalities in both human beings and mice. Mutation in PAX3 causes Waardenburg syndrome, and craniofacial-deafness-hand syndrome. The Splotch phenotype in mouse exhibits defects in neural crest derivatives such as, pigment cells, sympathetic ganglia and cardiac neural crest-derived structures. The PAX family also plays key roles in several human malignancies. In particular, PAX3 is involved in rhabdomyosarcoma and tumours of neural crest origin, including melanoma and neuroblastoma. This review critically evaluates the roles of PAX/Pax in oncogenesis. It especially highlights recent advances in knowledge of how their genetic alterations directly interfere in the transcriptional networks that regulate cell differentiation, proliferation, migration and survival and may contribute to oncogenesis.