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The application of zinc‐ion batteries (ZIBs) is seriously challenged by the poor stability of Zn anode and cathode in aqueous solution, which is closely associated with electrolyte structure and water reactivity. Herein, the stability issues both for the cathode and anode can be simultaneously addressed via tuning the electrolyte solvation structure in hybrid electrolyte with tripropyl phosphate (TPP) as co‐solvent. On the Zn anode, a robust poly‐inorganic solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) layer comprised of Zn3(PO4)2‐ZnS‐ZnF2 species is in situ formed, effectively suppressing parasitic reaction and dendrite evolution. For V2O5 cathode, the notorious vanadium dissolution is effectively restricted with improved structure stability achieved. The optimized electrolyte facilitates the reversible redox kinetics both at the cathode and Zn anode. Consequently, Zn||Zn cells display extended cycling lifespans over 3000 h at 1 mA cm−2, 1 mAh cm−2. Zn||V2O5 full cells deliver a high reversible capacity of 261.8 mAh g−1 and hold retention of 73.6% upon 500 cycles even operated in harsh conditions with thin Zn anode (10 µm) and low negative/positive (N/P) ratio of ≈4.3, which also showcase impressive performance with regard to rate and storage performance, further emphasizing the potential of electrolyte regulation tactics in advancing the commercialization of ZIBs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Coptidis Rhizoma (CR) holds significant clinical importance. In this study, we conducted a comparative analysis of CR's dispensing granule decoction (DGD) and traditional decoction (TD) to establish a comprehensive evaluation method for the quality of DGD. We selected nine batches of DGD (three from each of manufacturers A, B and C) and 10 batches of decoction pieces for analysis. We determined the content of representative components using high‐performance liquid chromatography and assessed the content of blood components in vivo post‐administration using ultra‐performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry. The antibacterial activity was measured using the drug‐sensitive tablet method. To evaluate the overall consistency of DGD and TD, we employed the CRITIC method and Grey relational analysis method. Our CRITIC results indicated no significant difference between the CRITIC scores of DGD‐B and TD, with DGD‐B exhibiting the highest consistency and overall quality. However, DGD‐A and DGD‐C showed variations in CRITIC scores compared with TD. After equivalent correction, the quality of DGD‐A and DGD‐C approached that of TD. Furthermore, our Grey relational analysis results supported the findings of the CRITIC method. This study offers a novel approach to evaluate the consistency between DGD and TD, providing insights into improving the quality of DGD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Loganic acid is an iridoid compound extracted from Gentianaceae plant Gentiana macrophylla Pall. It can effectively inhibit inflammation and tumor migration and has antioxidant activity. In this paper, we establish a simple, fast, sensitive and validated LC–MS method with the purpose of quantification of loganic acid in rat plasma with gliclazide as an internal standard (IS). Methanol was used to precipitate the protein in the plasma sample, and a C18 column (2.1 × 50 mm, 1.7 μm) was used for the separation of the target compound. Meanwhile, 0.1% formic acid water–methanol was employed as the mobile phase. Multiple reaction monitoring detection mode was adopted in detection with m/z 375.1 > 213.2 for loganic acid and m/z 322.1 > 169.9 for the IS, respectively, in negative ion scan mode. The linear range of calibration curve was 5.77–11,540.00 ng/ml, and the lower limit of detedtion was 2.89 ng/ml. The inter‐day and intra‐day precision and accuracy were <15% for lower limit of quantitation, low, middle and high quality control samples. This method was successfully used for the pharmacokinetic study of loganic acid in rat plasma at a dose range of 50–150 mg/kg for oral administration and 2 mg/kg for intravenous administration. The pharmacokinetic results showed that the oral bioavailability of loganic acid was low (2.71–5.58%). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: We evaluated the potential of Parkinson's disease (PD) fecal microbiota transplantation to initiate or exacerbate PD pathologies and investigated the underlying mechanisms. Methods: We transplanted the fecal microbiota from PD patients into mice by oral gavage and assessed the motor and intestinal functions, as well as the inflammatory and pathological changes in the colon and brain. Furthermore, 16S rRNA gene sequencing combined with metabolomics analysis was conducted to assess the impacts of fecal delivery on the fecal microbiota and metabolism in recipient mice. Results: The fecal microbiota from PD patients increased intestinal inflammation, deteriorated intestinal barrier function, intensified microglia and astrocyte activation, abnormal deposition of α‐Synuclein, and dopaminergic neuronal loss in the brains of A53T mice. A mechanistic study revealed that the fecal microbiota of PD patients stimulated the TLR4/NF‐κB/NLRP3 pathway in both the brain and colon. Additionally, multiomics analysis found that transplantation of fecal microbiota from PD patients not only altered the composition of the gut microbiota but also influenced the fecal metabolic profile of the recipient mice. Conclusion: The fecal microbiota from PD patients intensifies inflammation and neurodegeneration in A53T mice. Our findings demonstrate that imbalance and dysfunction in the gut microbiome play significant roles in the development and advancement of PD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

SNX32 is a member of the evolutionarily conserved Phox (PX) homology domain‐ and Bin/Amphiphysin/Rvs (BAR) domain‐ containing sorting nexin (SNX‐BAR) family of proteins, which play important roles in sorting and membrane trafficking of endosomal cargoes. Although SNX32 shares the highest amino acid sequence homology with SNX6, and has been believed to function redundantly with SNX5 and SNX6 in retrieval of the cation‐independent mannose‐6‐phosphate receptor (CI‐MPR) from endosomes to the trans‐Golgi network (TGN), its role(s) in intracellular protein trafficking remains largely unexplored. Here, we report that it functions in parallel with SNX1 in mediating epidermal growth factor (EGF)‐stimulated postendocytic trafficking of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). Moreover, SNX32 interacts directly with EGFR, and recruits SNX5 to promote sorting of EGF–EGFR into multivesicular bodies (MVBs) for lysosomal degradation. Thus, SNX32 functions distinctively from other SNX‐BAR proteins to mediate signaling‐coupled endolysosomal trafficking of EGFR. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Zn interfacial issues involved dendrite evolution and undesired parasitic reactions are tough challenges to impede the progress of Zn ion battery. Herein, dendrite‐free Zn anode with boosted stability is achieved by four‐in‐one functional additive triethyl phosphate (TEP). Experiments and theoretical calculation reveal that TEP additive participates in the generation of compact inorganic interface to prevent Zn from corrosion. Meanwhile, the interfacial electrical double layer (EDL) is reconstructed with adsorbed TEP molecules in inner layer and weakened Zn2+ solvation structure in diffusion layer, which efficiently shields Zn from active H2O and moderate electrochemical kinetics, thereby preventing water‐related secondary reaction and Zn electroplating on tip region. Additionally, TEP additive manipulates zinc growth direction by adsorbing on the (002) facet, thus enabling long‐lasting dendrite‐free deposition. Accordingly, Zn||Zn symmetric cell demonstrates an ultralong lifespan over 5000 h (almost 7 months) at 1 mA cm−2, 1 mAh cm−2 and remarkable coulombic efficiency (CE) of ≈97.6% for 1500 cycles. For practical demonstration, Zn||LiFePO4 full cell demonstrates an improved rate capability and an elevated capacity of 116.0 mAh g−1. These findings highlight interface chemistry manipulated by multifunctional additives as an efficient approach to stabilize Zn anode, holding promise for top‐notch Zn‐based batteries with improved longevity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper mainly introduces related research of the full screen technology for face recognition under OLED screen. By analyzing and studying the influence of infrared light irradiation on OLED screen, especially the influence of infrared light irradiation on TFT, the relevant mechanism analysis is completed, and the corresponding optimization solution is proposed, so as to realize face recognition under the screen, achieve the perfect technical combination of full screen and infrared face recognition, and realize true full screen display. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The rise of virtual simulation technology and dental simulators has created a new pedagogical approach for undergraduate medical education. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of virtual simulation (VS) technology on improving the students' comprehensive abilities in periodontal probing teaching in pre‐practicum periodontology, such as increasing the accuracy of probing, tactile perception and performance on force control. Materials and Methods: Twenty students were randomly selected among the fourth‐year students and equally divided into VS technology teaching group (VS group) and traditional teaching group (TT group) by drawing half lots. One day later, students were required to probe the periodontal pathology model. The consistency rate between PD measurements and PD reference values, time consumption and final exam scores were recorded and statistically analysed using an unpaired Student's t test and p <.05 was considered statistical significance. Finally, questionnaires relating to teaching methods evaluation and the fidelity of the digital VS training system were distributed to students and teachers. Results: VS group had a significantly higher consistency rate (72.976 ± 6.811%) than TT group (64.107 ± 4.988%, p =.004). To specify, the difference of consistency rates between the two groups in posterior teeth was larger than anterior teeth. Similarly, a larger difference was also found in proximal surfaces compared with buccal‐lingual surfaces. As the pocket depth increased, the difference between the two groups increased too. These results indicated that VS is more efficient in complicated parts of periodontal probing teaching. In addition, students in VS group spent less time and gained a higher score than TT group (p <.05). The overall satisfaction rating in VS group was significantly higher than TT group. Lastly, teachers gave significant lower scores than students concerning the fidelity of VS system. Conclusion: Although there are much to improve, VS technology has obvious advantages in periodontal probing teaching in pre‐practicum periodontology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates the regime‐specific relationship between the USD exchange rate and oil prices. We embed the threshold variables of structural breaks and oil financialization into the VAR model of the dollar–oil relationship. Using daily data from 1983 to 2022, we find that a marked structural change in the dollar–oil relation exists in 2001 and that deepening oil financialization drives the structural change, making the portfolio effect the dominant effect of the dollar on oil prices. After 2001, the dollar negatively affects oil prices in both the long and short run. Furthermore, our threshold regression based on the investor self‐adaptive expectation model shows that investor expectations significantly affect the dollar–oil relationship under oil financialization. A sharp increase in USD exchange rate volatility would strengthen investors' unilateral expectation of the trend of the USD exchange rate, which further enhances the portfolio effect, resulting in an even stronger negative effect of the dollar on oil prices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mycosis fungoides (MF) is a low‐grade malignant cutaneous T‐cell lymphoma that originates from memory T cells. It typically follows a unique and relatively indolent disease course. MF is used to be characterized by a tissue‐resident memory T cell (TRM) phenotype, although recent molecular research has revealed its complexity, casting doubt on the cell of origin and the TRM‐MF paradigm. Recent clonal heterogeneity studies suggest that MF may originate from immature early precursor T cells. During development, the tumour microenvironment (TME) influences tumour cell phenotype. The exact origin and development trajectory of MF remains elusive. Clarifying the origin of MF cells is vital for accurate diagnosis and effective treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, we explored the use of thermal imaging technology combined with computer vision techniques for assessing surgical incision healing. We processed 1189 thermal images, annotated by experts to define incision boundaries and healing statuses. Using these images, we developed a machine learning model based on YOLOV8, which automates the recognition of incision areas, lesion segmentation and healing classification. The dataset was divided into training, testing and validation sets in a 7:2:1 ratio. Our results show high accuracy rates in incision location recognition, lesion segmentation and healing classification, indicating the model's effectiveness as a precise and automated diagnostic tool for surgical incision healing assessment. Conclusively, our thermal image‐based machine learning model demonstrates excellent performance in wound assessment, paving the way for its clinical application in intelligent and standardized wound management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses a case report of a patient with epidermodysplasia verruciformis (EV), a rare genetic disorder that leads to the development of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) in situ. The traditional treatment for EV and cSCC in situ is surgical excision, but this can result in disfigured or dysfunctional outcomes. The article presents a successful alternative treatment using 5-aminolevulinic acid-mediated photodynamic therapy (ALA-PDT), which showed satisfactory results in flattening and shrinking the cSCC in situ lesions. ALA-PDT is a noninvasive treatment that selectively targets abnormal skin tissues without damaging healthy tissues. The article suggests that ALA-PDT may be a promising therapy for multiple cSCC in situ and can potentially prevent cancer development and progression. [Extracted from the article]

With the increasing demand for high PPI and large‐sized OLED, the stability of Fine Metal Mask (FMM) in the evaporation process has become crucial. This article uses finite element analysis to investigate the effects of pixel structure, FMM tension force and the width of FMM beyond the support mask on the stability of FMM. The simulation results show that, the greater tension force, bigger E22 of FMM pixel structure, and extended width of FMM beyond the support mask will make the FMM sticks more stable during evaporation. The greatest influence factor is the tension force. Hence, it is suggested to apply greater tension force on FMM for high‐PPI and high‐aperture‐ratio OLED. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Li‐rich manganese base oxides (LRNCM) are regarded as one of the most promising cathode materials among next‐generation high‐energy density Li‐ion batteries due to the coupling effect of anion and cation redox. However, serious oxygen release, surface structure corrosion, and transformation seriously damage their electrochemical performance and restrict their commercialization process. Herein, a dual gaseous surface treatment strategy with ammonium bicarbonate is designed to reconstruct the surface chemical and structural characteristics of LRNCM. As a result, an enriched oxygen vacancies mixed‐phase surface layer is achieved, which contains spinel phase and cation‐disordered phase. The integration of the surface mixed phase effectively inhibits irreversible oxygen loss, prevents electrode corrosion, and promotes fast Li‐ion diffusion. Accordingly, the modified cathode exhibits excellent specific capacity, high‐rate capability, and superior cycle life at both 25 and 60 °C. Particularly at high temperatures, it achieves impressive performance: initial coulombic efficiency (82.0 vs 74.4%), cycling stability at 1 C after 100 cycles (92.6 vs 83.8%), and rate performance at 5 C (56.0 vs 48.7%). This reconfiguration approach introduces a novel idea for the design of cathode material interfaces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are a global health problem and leading cause of death worldwide. Thrombus formation, one of the CVDs, is essentially the formation of fibrin clots. The existing thrombolytic agents have the disadvantages of high price, short half‐life, and high bleeding risk; hence, there is an urgent need to find the alternative thrombolytic agents. In recent years, traditional fermented foods have been widely investigated for their outstanding effects in the prevention and treatment of thrombus formation. In this review, we have focused on fibrinolytic enzymes produced by microorganisms during the fermentation of traditional fermented foods and their potential use for treating CVDs. First, we discussed about the sources of fibrinolytic enzymes and microbial strains that produce those enzymes followed by the optimization of fermentation process, purification, and physicochemical properties of fibrinolytic enzymes. Finally, we have summarized the thrombolytic effects of fibrinolytic enzymes in humans and mice. Fibrinolytic enzymes produced by microorganisms during the fermentation of traditional fermented foods not only lyse thrombi but also acts as anti‐atherosclerotic, anti‐hyperlipidemia, and neuroprotection agents. Therefore, fibrinolytic enzymes from traditional fermented foods have great potential for the prevention and treatment of CVDs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Immediate assessment of surgical incisions is an important component of wound management, and the development of relevant technologies has the potential to address these challenges. Smartphone‐based handheld thermal imagers can collect infrared radiation from the skin to monitor local blood perfusion and metabolic levels in incisions. Here, we used this imaging technology for early assessment of healing progress and potential for predicting the healing status of thoracic surgical incisions. Thermal image acquisition and temperature extraction were performed on 40 patients for 7 consecutive days postoperatively, and visualised early warning information was observed, with temperature and temperature readings showing non‐linear trajectory changes during the measurement period, and temperature readings on day 4 achieving high prediction of healing status at 1–2 months capability with sensitivities and specificities of 91.67% and 85.71%, respectively, suggesting a promising clinical application of portable thermography for assessing incision healing dynamics and providing a scientific basis for later artificial intelligence‐driven decision algorithms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fatigue is a common symptom experienced by 80% of individuals who receive chemotherapy and is one of the major factors that affect quality of life (QoL) of patients with breast cancer. Our study aimed to assess the effect of cognitive behavioural therapy integrated with activity pacing (CBT‐AP) on cancer‐related fatigue among patients with breast cancer undergoing chemotherapy. A parallel‐group, randomised controlled trial was conducted. Severely fatigued patients were randomly assigned to the CBT‐AP or usual care (UC) groups using a computer‐generated random sequence. The new intervention was designed for seven sessions: three 2‐hour face‐to‐face and four 30‐minute telephone sessions. The primary outcome (fatigue severity) and the secondary outcomes (depression and QoL) were assessed at the end of the intervention and after 3 months. The data were analysed by repeated measures analyses of covariance (RM‐ANCOVA). CBT‐AP had a significant time effect (P <.001, ηp2 = 0.233) in reducing fatigue from baseline (adjusted mean = 7.48) to the end of the intervention (adjusted mean = 6.37) and the 3‐month follow‐up (adjusted mean = 6.54). Compared to the UC group, the CBT‐AP group had lower fatigue and depression scores, and higher global health status scores. The group × time interaction revealed a significant reduction in fatigue and depression in the CBT‐AP group compared to the UC group. Therefore, CBT‐AP appears to be effective in reducing fatigue and depression and improving QoL in patients with breast cancer undergoing chemotherapy. It is highly recommended to integrate a CBT‐AP intervention in routine cancer care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Photosynthetic hydrogen (photoH2) production is an elegant approach to storing solar energy. The most efficient strategy is to couple the hydrogen‐producing enzyme, the hydrogenase (H2ase), directly to photosystem I (PSI), which is a light‐driven nanomachine found in photosynthetic organisms. PSI–H2ase fusions have been tested in vivo and in vitro. Both approaches have each their specific advantages and drawbacks. Here, a system to combine both approaches by assembling PSI–H2ase fusions in vivo for in vitro photoH2 production is established. For this, cyanobacterial PSI–H2ase fusion mutants are generated and characterized concerning photoH2 production in vivo. The chimeric protein is purified and embedded in a redox polymer on an electrode where it successfully produces photoH2 in vitro. The combination of in vivo and in vitro processes comes along with reciprocal benefits. The in vivo assembly ensures that the chimeric protein is fully functional and suited for the fabrication of bioelectrodes in vitro. At the same time, the photoelectrochemical in vitro characterization now permits to analyze the assemblies in detail. This will open avenues to optimize in vivo and in vitro approaches for photoH2 production in a target‐oriented manner in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An effective strategy for construction of 1,5‐dihydro‐2H‐pyrrol‐2‐one scaffolds by a cascade of 1,5‐dienes with cyclobutanone oxime esters was developed. The reaction proceeded through radical addition, 5‐endo cyclization, and subsequent deprotonation, in which two new C−C bonds were formed. This protocol features excellent regioselectivity and a low‐cost catalyst, as well as broad substrate scope, which are expected to promote its potential applications in pharmacy and synthetic chemistry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Strategies to enhance the ratio of the molecular horizontal emitting dipole orientation (Θ∥) for thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) emitters have unlocked the full potential of efficiencies for the evaporated devices, which, however, remain elusive for the solution‐processed ones. Here, a strategic molecular design for solution processable TADF emitters featuring high Θ∥s is proposed by attaching flexible chains ended with bipolar 9,9′‐spirobi[fluorene] subunits as anchoring groups onto TADF emitting core. It's unveiled that the anchoring groups not only enhance the horizontal orientation via enlarging molecular planarity, but also benefit the high photoluminescence in pristine films. The corresponding non‐doped solution processable OLEDs substantiate an unprecedented maximum external quantum efficiency (EQEmax)>30 %. Meanwhile, combining these compounds as TADF sensitizers, and multiple resonance final emitter, solution‐processed OLEDs achieve an EQEmax of 25.6 % with a narrow full width at half maximum of 29 nm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Salicylic acid (SA) is a key phytohormone regulating plant immunity. Although the transcriptional regulation of SA biosynthesis has been well‐studied, its post‐translational regulation is largely unknown.We report that a Kelch repeats‐containing F‐box (KFB) protein, SMALL AND GLOSSY LEAVES 1 (SAGL1), negatively influences SA biosynthesis in Arabidopsis thaliana by mediating the proteolytic turnover of SYSTEMIC ACQUIRED RESISTANCE DEFICIENT 1 (SARD1), a master transcription factor that directly drives SA biosynthesis during immunity.Loss of SAGL1 resulted in characteristic growth inhibition. Combining metabolomic, transcriptional and phenotypic analyses, we found that SAGL1 represses SA biosynthesis and SA‐mediated immune activation. Genetic crosses to mutants that are deficient in SA biosynthesis blocked the SA overaccumulation in sagl1 and rescued its growth. Biochemical and proteomic analysis identified that SAGL1 interacts with SARD1 and promotes the degradation of SARD1 in a proteasome‐dependent manner.These results unravelled a critical role of KFB protein SAGL1 in maintaining SA homeostasis via controlling SARD1 stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: The influence of foliar nitrogen fertilizer during veraison (FNFV) on anthocyanin accumulation and chromatic characteristics of 'Cabernet Sauvignon' grapes over two seasons was investigated. RESULTS: Urea and phenylalanine fertilizers (TU and TP, respectively) and a control were sprayed three times at veraison. In 2018, TU displayed a significant enhancement in total individual anthocyanin content and a* and Cab* profiles. In 2019, FNAV significantly improved the content of total non‐acylated, acylated anthocyanin and total individual anthocyanin, and the profiles of L*, a* and Cab*, except a* in TU. The whole process from phenylalanine variation to anthocyanin accumulation in grape skins was analyzed. On the whole, after the first FNFV to harvest, the increase in phenylalanine metabolism, abscisic acid content, effects of PAL (Phenylalanine ammonia lyase), UFGT (UDP glucose‐flavonoid 3‐O‐glucosyltransferase) and transcript concentrations of VvPAL and VvUFGT involved in anthocyanin biosynthesis were also strong evidence explaining the increased anthocyanin and chromatic profiles in 2019. CONCLUSION: Overall, FNFV for nitrogen‐deficient grapevines could significantly improve grape color, especially in the 2019 veraison with a proper climate. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Photosystem I (PSI), a robust and abundant biomolecule capable of delivering high‐energy photoelectrons, has a great potential for the fabrication of light‐driven semi‐artificial bioelectrodes. Although possibilities have been explored in this regard, the true capabilities of this technology have not been achieved yet, particularly for their use as bioanodes. Here, the use of PSI Langmuir monolayers and their electrical wiring with specifically designed redox polymers is shown, ensuring an efficient mediated electron transfer as the basis for the fabrication of an advanced biophotoanode. The bioelectrode is rationally implemented and optimized for enabling the generation of substantial photocurrents of up to 17.6 µA cm−2 and is even capable of delivering photocurrents at potentials as low as −300 mV vs standard hydrogen electrode, surpassing the performance of comparable devices. To highlight the applicability of the developed light‐driven bioanode, a biophotovoltaic cell is assembled in combination with a gas‐breathing biocathode. The assembly operates in a single compartment cell and delivers considerable power outputs at large cell voltages. The implemented biophotoanode constitutes an important step toward the development of advanced biophotovoltaic devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Multicore millimetre‐sized fish oil‐loaded alginate capsules were developed using a combined monoaxial dispersion electrospraying–ionotropic gelation technique and their stability was explored. By adjusting the preparation parameters, the capsule shapes could be irregular, spherical with a short‐tail, spherical, fusiform, and fusiform with a long‐tail. The continuous phase of the millimetre‐sized capsules consisted of hydrophilic alginate calcium and water. Moreover, the water content increased from 17% to 69% with increased alginate concentration (2.5–30 mg mL−1). The capsules prepared with alginate concentration of 10 mg mL−1 or 20 mg mL−1 show a similar loading ratio (about 5–8%) of fish oil during storage. Headspace solid‐phase microextraction–gas chromatography mass spectroscopy (HS‐SPME‐GC‐MS) results confirmed the capsules masked the fishy odour of fish oil. Moreover, fish oil slowly migrated from the inside to the outside of the capsules. This work presented a simple method to prepare multicore millimetre‐sized capsules with controlled shapes and a basic understanding of the effect of encapsulation using alginate to mask the fish oil odour. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This study explored the mediating role of dyadic coping between self‐efficacy, psychological distress and marital quality among young and middle‐aged couples facing lymphoma. Methods: A total of 243 couples in which the patients were lymphoma were recruited to complete Dyadic Coping Inventory, Locke–Wallace Marital Adjustment Scale for both. And Strategies Used by People to Promote Health, Fear of Progression Questionnaire‐Short Form for patients; General Self‐Efficacy Scale and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale for spouses. We used the statistical programs SPSS 20.0 and SPSS Amos 20.0 for data analysis. Results: There were significant correlations between patient‐spouse's dyadic coping and marriage quality scores. The patients' dyadic coping scores were significantly associated with their self‐efficacy, fear of cancer recurrence scores, marriage quality, their spouse's self‐efficacy, and marriage quality. The spouses' dyadic coping scores were significantly associated with their self‐efficacy, anxiety, and marriage quality. The actor–partner interdependence mediation model analysis mediator effect of dyadic coping in the relationship between self‐efficacy, psychological distress, and marriage quality had a good fit, with χ2/df = 17.106, p = 0.194; root mean square error of approximation = 0.036; GFI = 0.992; CN = 243. Conclusions: For both patient and spouses, dyadic coping mediated impact of self‐efficacy on marriage quality of themselves and their spouses, and individuals' dyadic coping mediated impact their psychological distress on marriage quality of themselves and spouses. The study highlighted the need for couple‐based interventions and including strategies combined with individual and dyadic therapy for both partners. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Elaeagnus L. (Elaeagnaceae) is an important plant genus widely used in erosion control due to its high wind breaking and soil binding capacity, but also possessing medicinal and ornamental values. The phenotypic similarity of fruits and flowers of E. moorcroftii and E. angustifolia has often led researchers to speculate on their close relationship and they have sometimes been considered conspecific. In this study, 16 morphological characters were selected and assigned for cluster analysis which divided the samples (n = 49) into six groups: three of E. moorcroftii and three of E. angustifolia. Simple‐sequence repeat (SSR) markers were used to discern the genetic diversity of the 49 individuals. Genetic diversity was found to be high (He = 288, I = 0.938) and there was a strong correlation between the morphological and SSR data. Thus, when combined, the phenotypic classification and SSR marker based evidence confirmed E. moorcroftii as a distinct species independent from E. angustifolia, a conclusion not in agreement with the treatment in recent floras. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Flexible electronics are currently highly favored because of their promising applications in flexible displays, artificial electronic skin, wearable devices etc. Exploiting flexible energy storage systems, which are supercapacitors, that have a decent electrochemical performance as well as flexibility and stretchability is essential to promote the development of flexible electronic products. In this work, a flexible and stretchable polyaniline (PANI) supercapacitor based on a conductive stainless steel mesh was developed via a simple electrodeposition route with an elastic gel polyvinyl alcohol polymer (PVA)/phosphoric acid (H3PO4) electrolyte, which exhibits a considerable rate capability and mechanical properties. The as‐prepared capacitor delivers a specific capacitance of 282 F g−1 under a specific current of 2.5 A g−1. Meanwhile, the PANI capacitor exhibits perfect pseudocapacitance behavior at low scan rates (up to 50 mV s−1) and great capacitive characteristics at high scan rates up to 5000 mV s−1. More impressively, this supercapacitor displays excellent tolerance against mechanical deformation, including bending, folding and stretching, even to 20%, with a well‐maintained capacitance. This stretchable PANI supercapacitor with a high rate capability provides a facile and cost‐effective route for the design of flexible energy storage devices. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nitrogen is involved in the winemaking process from grapevine growth to wine fermentation, and its precise utilization in vineyards can regulate grape and wine quality. Foliar nitrogen application during veraison (FNAV) could prevent nitrogen deficiency in grape and must in nitrogen‐deficient vineyards. Moreover, FNAV also could improve certain flavor components of grape and wine, but little attention has been paid to FNAV. Therefore, this paper mainly reviews the difficulties encountered in current applications of nitrogen in vineyards and wineries, and the advantages of FNAV over the addition of nitrogen in soil and wineries. And it discusses that FNAV can increase yeast‐assimilable nitrogen and phenolics, and scarcely affect volatile components of grape (must and wine), and points out the existing problems including the core issue and then puts forward future research directions. This information may indicate future directions for research, and provide a reference for viticulturists and winemakers on the precise application of nitrogen on grapevine and must to further improve grape and wine quality in nitrogen‐deficient vineyards. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Well‐defined assemblies of photosynthetic protein complexes are required for an optimal performance of semi‐artificial energy conversion devices, capable of providing unidirectional electron flow when light‐harvesting proteins are interfaced with electrode surfaces. We present mixed photosystem I (PSI) monolayers constituted of native cyanobacterial PSI trimers in combination with isolated PSI monomers from the same organism. The resulting compact arrangement ensures a high density of photoactive protein complexes per unit area, providing the basis to effectively minimize short‐circuiting processes that typically limit the performance of PSI‐based bioelectrodes. The PSI film is further interfaced with redox polymers for optimal electron transfer, enabling highly efficient light‐induced photocurrent generation. Coupling of the photocathode with a [NiFeSe]‐hydrogenase confirms the possibility to realize light‐induced H2 evolution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Eine definierte Assemblierung von photosynthetischen Proteinkomplexen ist für eine optimale Leistung von semiartifiziellen Energieumwandlungssystemen erforderlich, die in der Lage sind, einen unidirektionalen Elektronenfluss zu liefern, wenn lichtsammelnde Proteine mit Elektrodenoberflächen verbunden werden. Wir stellen gemischte Photosystem‐I (PSI)‐Monoschichten vor, die aus nativen cyanobakteriellen PSI‐Trimeren in Kombination mit isolierten PSI‐Monomeren aus demselben Organismus bestehen. Die sich daraus ergebende kompakte Anordnung gewährleistet eine hohe Dichte an photoaktiven Proteinkomplexen pro Flächeneinheit und bildet die Grundlage für eine wirksame Minimierung von Kurzschlussprozessen, die die Leistung von PSI‐basierten Bioelektroden typischerweise einschränken. Die PSI‐Schicht ist darüber hinaus mit Redoxpolymeren für einen optimalen Elektronentransfer verbunden, was eine hocheffiziente lichtinduzierte Photostromerzeugung ermöglicht. Die Kopplung der Photokathode mit einer [NiFeSe]‐Hydrogenase ermöglicht lichtinduzierte H2‐Entwicklung. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The flourishing development of multifunctional flexible electronics cannot leave the beneficial role of nature, which provides continuous inspiration in their material, structural, and functional designs. During the evolution of flexible electronics, some originated from nature, some were even beyond nature, and others were implantable or biodegradable eventually to nature. Therefore, the relationship between flexible electronics and nature is undoubtedly vital since harmony between nature and technology evolution would promote the sustainable development. Herein, materials selection and functionality design for flexible electronics that are mostly inspired from nature are first introduced with certain functionality even beyond nature. Then, frontier advances on flexible electronics including the main individual components (i.e., energy (the power source) and the sensor (the electric load)) are presented from nature, beyond nature, and to nature with the aim of enlightening the harmonious relationship between the modern electronics technology and nature. Finally, critical issues in next‐generation flexible electronics are discussed to provide possible solutions and new insights in prospective exploration directions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Yarn batteries are extensively used in portable, flexible and wearable electronics due to their tiny volume, good flexibility and maximum compatibility with textiles. However, both the flammable organic electrolyte and the hydrogel electrolyte are not capable of solving safety issues. In this work, a poly(ionic liquid)(PIL)‐based ionogel was synthesized as an electrolyte with both superior flame resistance and high ionic conductivity. The flexible Li4Ti5O12//LiFePO4 yarn battery based on the ionogel not only has the safety characteristic of incombustibility, but also guarantees stable electrochemical properties under cold and hot weather conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With reliable safety, environmental friendliness and cost advantage, aqueous rechargeable batteries have attracted great attention in the field of consumer electronics, static energy storage and power cells in recent decades. In particular, aqueous zinc‐ion batteries (AZIBs) possess a high theoretical capacity (820 mAh g−1 and 5855 mAh cm−3) and low anode potential (−0.76 V vs. standard hydrogen electrode), owing to the bivalent ion migration and the high stability of zinc metal in water, resulting in a relatively satisfactory energy density for practical applications. However, AZIBs still face some challenges, such as zinc dendrite growth, narrow voltage window, active materials dissolution, poor zinc ion insertion/extraction kinetics, and so forth, largely impeding the continued progress of AZIBs. Nanostructure design strategies provide a powerful and broad research thought to effectively solve the above problems, owing to unique properties at the nanoscale. Herein, we demonstrate an overview of recent progress in AZIBs from the perspective of nanostructure design, and focus on the nanostructure engineering of cathode materials, zinc anodes and flexible gel electrolytes, giving rise to an excellent electrochemical performances of AZIBs. Finally, a brief summary for nanostructure design strategies applied in AZIBs is presented, and next research directions are proposed to inspire suggestive instructions for further research into AZIBs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

When the broken rotor bar (BRB) fault occurs in induction motors, the amplitude of stator fundamental current is modulated by fault components, forming the current envelope with a particular frequency, which can be considered as a powerful criterion for BRB detection. However, it is relatively difficult to extract especially at time‐varying loads due to the non‐stationary characteristics. Thus, a novel envelope extraction method (EEM) combining fast Fourier transform and sliding overlapping window is proposed and the overall performance is tested by simulation. The results show that the method is capable to effectively extract the current envelope, but the extraction accuracy is unsatisfied due to the spectrum leakage in the case of non‐integer periodic truncation. The technique of discrete spectrum correction is then introduced into EEM to improve its extraction accuracy, and then, an improved EEM (IEEM) is proposed and then tested by simulation. The results show that the IEEM is able to eliminate the impact of non‐integer periodic truncation, effectively and accurately extract the current envelope. Finally, the two methods are applied in BRB fault online detection of 1.1 and 2.2 kW induction motors at time‐varying loads. The corresponding experimental results demonstrate its validity and universality again. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) regulate activities in living organisms through various signaling pathways and play important roles in the development and progression of osteoporosis. The balance between osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation of rBMSCs is closely related to the occurrence of osteoporosis. ERα regulates bone metabolism in various tissues. However, the correlation among ERα, miRNAs, and the differentiation of rBMSCs is still unclear. In this study, we used lentivirus transfection into rBMSCs to construct an ERα‐deficient model, analyzed the differences in expressed miRNAs between control and ERα‐deficient rBMSCs. The results revealed that the expression of 25 miRNAs were upregulated, 164 miRNAs were downregulated, and some of the regulated miRNAs such as miR‐210‐3p and miR‐214‐3p were related to osteogenic or adipogenic differentiation, as well as to particular signaling pathways. Next, we overexpressed miR‐210‐3p to evaluate its effects on the osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation of rBMSCs, and identified the relationship among miR‐210‐3p, Wnt signaling pathway, and the differentiation of rBMSCs. The results indicated that ERα‐deficient inhibited osteogenic differentiation, promoted adipogenic differentiation, and regulated the expression of some miRNAs. Meanwhile, overexpression of miR‐210‐3p promoted osteogenic differentiation and inhibited adipogenic differentiation of rBMSCs, processes likely to be related to the Wnt signaling pathway. In conclusion, we identified a group of upregulated and downregulated miRNAs in ERα‐deficient rBMSCs that might play a vital role in regulating osteogenic or adipogenic differentiation. One of these, miR‐210‐3p, inhibited osteogenic differentiation and promoted adipogenic differentiation correlated with the Wnt signaling pathway in ERα‐deficient rBMSCs, providing new insight into the regulation of bone metabolism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Superhydrophobic polycaprolactone (PCL) membranes with hierarchical structure were fabricated via alternate electrospinning/electrospraying techniques. Electrospun PCL/methyl silicone oil (PCL/MSO) nanofibers were employed as substrate. PCL/MSO‐PCL microspheres (PCL/MSO‐PCLMS) hierarchical membrane was prepared via electrosprayed PCLMS as an additional layer on the substrate. Field emission scanning electron microscopy images showed the formation of hierarchical PCL/MSO‐PCLMS membranes. Compared to pure PCL fibers substrate (120 ± 1.3°), the water contact angle (WCA) of MSO‐modified PCL membrane was 142 ± 0.7°. The most interesting observation was that the WCA of PCLMS without any modification could be achieved to 146 ± 2.8°. On this basis, PCL/MSO‐PCLMS hierarchical membrane possessed superhydrophobic surface with 150 ± 0.6° of WCA. The excellent surface roughness and air‐pocket capacity of hierarchical membranes would make the membranes more hydrophobic. The maximum oil (n‐hexane) adsorption capacity of PCL/MSO‐PCLMS membrane was 32.53 g g−1. Oil–water separation efficiencies of the superhydrophobic membranes were all higher than 99.93% after 10 cycles. The hierarchically structured PCL superhydrophobic membranes indicate the potential applications of environmentally friendly biopolymers as separation membranes. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2019, 57, 421–430 The combination of polycaprolactone (PCL) microspheres and PCL/methyl silicone oil fiber via alternate electrospinning/electrospraying techniques which imitate lotus‐leaf‐like papillae is used to construct the superhydrophobic hierarchical membranes. The superhydrophobicity is achieved by the modification of morphological structures of PCL and incorporation of small quantities of additives. The excellent adsorption capacity for n‐hexane suggests its potential applications as an environmentally friendly biopolymer in the field of separation membranes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Self‐healing is a concept to imitate the healing of biological damage and is considered to be an important property of next‐generation smart materials. With a huge breakthrough of self‐healing materials in recent years, many devices with integrated self‐healing ability are promising due to their intelligence and durability. Among them, self‐healing batteries have attracted ever‐growing interest due to their remarkable electrochemical performance and broad application prospects. In this article, the state‐of‐the‐art progress in self‐healing materials and batteries are summarized. First, this review introduces the main self‐healing mechanisms and corresponding materials. Second, various self‐healing batteries including micro and macro self‐healing, are discussed, about their self‐healing principles, fabrication techniques, and self‐healing performances. Finally, existing challenges and future opportunities are discussed in this thriving field. Self‐healing is a concept to imitate the healing of biological damage and is considered to be an important property of next‐generation smart materials. Healing mechanism, synthesis strategy and efficiency are important features of self‐healing. The development of self‐healing materials and batteries are comprehensively reviewed, and evaluations and prospects are provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rhodium‐catalyzed C7‐selective decarbonylative arylation, olefination, and methylation of indoles with carboxylic acids or anhydrides by C−H and C−C bond activation have been developed. Furthermore, C7‐acylation products can also be generated selectively at a lower reaction temperature in the developed system. The key to the high reactivity and regioselectivity of this transformation is the appropriate choice of an indole N‐PtBu2 chelation‐assisted group. This method has many advantages, including easy access and removal of the directing group, the use of cheap and widely available coupling agents, no requirement of an external ligand or oxidant, a broad substrate scope, high efficiency, and the formation of a sole regioisomer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Six lanthanide complexes [Ln(pmc)2NO3]n [Hpmc = pyrimidine-2-carboxylic acid, Ln = La (1), Pr (2)], [Ln(pmc)2(H2O)3]NO3·H2O [Ln = Eu (3), Tb (4) Dy (5), Er (6)] were synthesized by the reactions of lanthanide nitrate and pyrimidine-2-carboxylic acid in water at room temperature. These complexes were characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis, elemental analysis, IR, circular dichroism (CD) and fluorescence spectra. Structure analysis shows that complexes 1 and 2 are isostructural with P43212 space group, whereas isostructural complexes 3-6 belong to the P21/c space group. In complexes 1 and 2, the central metal atoms are coordinated by nitrates and pmc-, which are self-assembled to construct a 3D porous network with 62.62.62.62.62.62 (66) topology. In complexes 3-6, H2O and pmc- ligands are coordinated and the complexes exhibit a one-dimensional zigzag chain, which is further expanded into a 3D structure by hydrogen bonding. In addition, the circular dichroism of 1 and 2 proves that the two complexes are both chiral with achiral ligand of Hpmc. Luminescent measurements of compounds 3-5 indicate that the characteristic fluorescence of Eu3+, Tb3+, and Dy3+ are observed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An innovative route for the construction of C4-dicarbonylation of anilines from simple and readily available anilines and phenyl acetylene has been developed. The iodine-promoted oxidative cross-coupling reaction performed well and the highlight of this protocol was not N−H functionalization but C−H functionalization of unprotected anilines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An L-phenylalanine derivative ( C12PhBPCP) consisting of a strong emission fluorophore with benzoxazole and cyano groups is designed and synthesized to realize dual responses to volatile acid and organic amine vapors. The photophysical properties and self-assembly of the said derivative in the gel phase are also studied. C12PhBPCP can gelate organic solvents and self-assemble into 1 D nanofibers in the gels. UV/Vis absorption spectral results show H-aggregate formation during gelation, which indicates strong exciton coupling between fluorophores. Both wet gel and xerogel emit strong green fluorescence because the cyano group suppresses fluorescence quenching in the self-assemblies. Moreover, the xerogel film with strong green fluorescence can be used as a dual chemosensor for quantitative detection of volatile acid and organic amine vapors with fast response times and low detection limits owing to its large surface area and amplified fluorescence quenching. The detection limits are 796 ppt and 25 ppb for gaseous aniline and trifluoroacetic acid (TFA), respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND The utility of circulating Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) DNA as a tumor marker for nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) detection suggests that it might improve the diagnostic performance of anti-EBV antibody markers in NPC screening. In this study, the authors evaluated whether circulating EBV DNA load is capable of distinguishing NPC patients from high-risk individuals who have positive anti-EBV antibodies. METHODS In a population-based NPC screening trial in Sihui City and Zhongshan City, Guangdong Province, China, the authors previously identified 862 high-risk participants with 2 screening markers, immunoglobulin A (IgA) antibodies to EBV capsid antigen (VCA/IgA) and nuclear antigen-1 (EBNA1/IgA). In the current study, real-time polymerase chain reaction was used to measure the baseline plasma EBV DNA load among 825 participants (97%). Follow-up was extended to the end of 2011 to evaluate the diagnostic and predictive values of plasma EBV DNA load. RESULTS By using 0 copies/mL as the cutoff value, plasma EBV DNA had a sensitivity of 86.8% (33 of 38 patients) for NPC detected within the first year of follow-up, yielding a positive predictive value of 30% (33 of 110 participants) and a negative predictive value of 99.3% (696 of 701 participants). The patients who had early stage NPC had lower sensitivity (81.5%; 22 of 27 patients) than those who had advanced NPC (100%; 11 of 11 patients). For the 14 patients who had NPC detected after 1 year of follow-up, only 50% (7 of 14 patients) tested positive for EBV DNA at baseline. CONCLUSIONS The plasma EBV DNA load may improve the accuracy of diagnosing NPC in high-risk individuals, but it appears to have limited value in screening patients who have early stage NPC and predicting NPC development. Cancer 2014;120:1353-1360. © 2014 American Cancer Society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]