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In this work, we developed a direct strategy to fabricate Palladene (i. e. Palladium metallene) aerogels and propose a temperature‐dependent growth mechanism. Besides the typical three‐dimensional networks and wrinkled surface morphologies, the as‐prepared Palladene50 ${{Palladene}_{50}}$ aerogel is endowed with abundant Pd2+. The as‐prepared Palladene50 ${{Palladene}_{50}}$ aerogel exhibits an excellent mass activity in the formic acid oxidation reaction and a good half‐wave potential in the oxygen reduction reaction in comparison with Pd/C and a Pd aerogel. This work expands the range of metal aerogels from the perspective of the building block units and demonstrates a direct approach to fabricate highly promising bifunctional electrocatalysts for fuel cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Zika virus (ZIKV) infection may lead to severe neurological consequences, including seizures, and early infancy death. However, the involved mechanisms are still largely unknown. TRPC channels play an important role in regulating nervous system excitability and are implicated in seizure development. We investigated whether TRPCs might be involved in the pathogenesis of ZIKV infection. We found that ZIKV infection increases TRPC4 expression in host cells via the interaction between the ZIKV-NS3 protein and CaMKII, enhancing TRPC4-mediated calcium influx. Pharmacological inhibition of CaMKII decreased both pCREB and TRPC4 protein levels, whereas the suppression of either TRPC4 or CaMKII improved the survival rate of ZIKV-infected cells and reduced viral protein production, likely by impeding the replication phase of the viral life cycle. TRPC4 or CaMKII inhibitors also reduced seizures and increased the survival of ZIKV-infected neonatal mice and blocked the spread of ZIKV in brain organoids derived from human-induced pluripotent stem cells. These findings suggest that targeting CaMKII or TRPC4 may offer a promising approach for developing novel anti-ZIKV therapies, capable of preventing ZIKV-associated seizures and death. Synopsis: ZIKV exhibits a high neurotropism and poses significant risks to the developing nervous system. We show that inhibition of the host TRPC4 channel or CaMKII impedes ZIKV propagation in human brain organoids and improves survival in a neonatal mouse model of ZIKV infection. ZIKV upregulates the expression of TRPC4 in host cells through the NS3-CaMKII-CREB pathway. Inhibition of the TRPC4 channel effectively disrupts the replication stage of the ZIKV life cycle. TRPC4 and CaMKII inhibitors successfully block proliferation and spread of ZIKV in human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived brain organoids. Treatment with TRPC4 and CaMKII inhibitors reduces seizures and improves survival rates in newborn mice infected with ZIKV. Thus, targeting TRPC4 holds promise as a potential approach for developing anti-ZIKV drugs, offering new treatment strategies for neurological dysfunction caused by ZIKV virus infection. ZIKV exhibits a high neurotropism and poses significant risks to the developing nervous system. We show that inhibition of the host TRPC4 channel or CaMKII impedes ZIKV propagation in human brain organoids and improves survival in a neonatal mouse model of ZIKV infection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The backwardness of n‐type organic semiconductors still exists compared with the p‐type counterparts. Thus, the development of high‐performance n‐type organic semiconductors is of great importance for organic electronic devices and their integrated circuits. In recent years, azabenzannulated perylene diimide (PDI), as one of immense bay‐region‐annulated PDI derivatives, has drawn considerable attentions. However, the electronic mobilities of azabenzannulated PDI derivatives are barely satisfactory. In this contribution, the peripheral benzene ring in azabenzannulated PDI 2 was fused to the ortho position by intramolecular C−H arylation cyclization. This endows the resultant azabenzannulated PDI 4 a planar configuration as well as electron deficient pentagonal ring. As a result, the electronic mobility of 4 is almost two orders of magnitude higher than that of the nonfused azabenzannulated PDI 2. This work shall pave a new avenue in elevating the performance of azabenzannulated PDI in organic electronics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There has been much progress on mononuclear chromium(III) complexes featuring luminescence and photoredox activity, but dinuclear chromium(III) complexes have remained underexplored in these contexts until now. We identified a tridentate chelate ligand able to accommodate both meridional and facial coordination of chromium(III), to either access a mono‐ or a dinuclear chromium(III) complex depending on reaction conditions. This chelate ligand causes tetragonally distorted primary coordination spheres around chromium(III) in both complexes, entailing comparatively short excited‐state lifetimes in the range of 400 to 800 ns in solution at room temperature and making photoluminescence essentially oxygen insensitive. The two chromium(III) ions in the dimer experience ferromagnetic exchange interactions that result in a high spin (S=3) ground state with a coupling constant of +9.3 cm−1. Photoinduced energy transfer from the luminescent ferromagnetically coupled dimer to an anthracene derivative results in sensitized triplet‐triplet annihilation upconversion. Based on these proof‐of‐principle studies, dinuclear chromium(III) complexes seem attractive for the development of fundamentally new types of photophysics and photochemistry enabled by magnetic exchange interactions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Analyzing the wetting behavior between carbon brick and molten iron in a blast furnace is crucial for understanding prolonging the furnace's lifespan. This study investigates the wetting behavior between microporous carbon brick and molten iron. The contact angle between the carbon brick and molten iron is measured at various temperatures and carbon saturation conditions, while the microscopic morphology of the reacted interface is examined. Furthermore, the wetting mechanism of molten iron on the carbon brick surface is elucidated. The findings reveal that both the microporous carbon brick and molten iron remain in a never‐wetting state within the furnace. As the temperature rises from 1150 to 1450 °C, the contact angle decreases from 138° to 128°, whereas the initial carbon content in the molten iron increases from 2.6 wt% to 4.1 wt%. Additionally, the initial contact angles gradually increase from 128.3° to 133.6°, with final equilibrium contact angles of 119.2° to 127.0°, indicating a nonwetting state. The carbon dissolution reaction occurs within the carbon matrix region of the microporous carbon brick prior to carbon saturation in the molten iron. Conversely, the presence of a ceramic phase in the ceramic area hampers both chemical erosion and physical penetration of the molten iron. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Proanthocyanidin‐rich grape seed extract (GSE) has been shown to have the potential to protect bones, although the underlying mechanism remains unknown. The current study aims to explore GSE's preventive and therapeutic impact on bone loss induced by oestrogen deficiency and the underlying mechanism through the gut microbiota (GM) and metabolomic responses. In oestrogen‐deficient ovariectomized (OVX) mice, GSE ameliorated bone loss by inhibiting the expansion of bone marrow adipose tissue (BMAT), restoring BMAT lipolysis and promoting bone formation. GSE regulated OVX‐induced GM dysbiosis by reducing the abundance of opportunistic pathogenic bacteria, such as Alistipes, Turicibacter and Romboutsia, while elevating the abundance of beneficial bacteria, such as Bifidobacterium. The modified GM primarily impacted lipid and amino acid metabolism. Furthermore, the serum metabolites of GSE exhibited a significant enrichment in lipid metabolism. In summary, GSE shows potential as a functional food for preventing oestrogen deficiency‐induced bone loss by modulating GM and metabolite‐mediated lipid metabolism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Comprehensive Summary: Binary polyantimony clusters, namely [Cu2Sb14]4– and [Ag2Sb14]4–, containing coinage metals, were successfully synthesized and characterized, in which two homoatomic Sb73– subunits are bridged by two coinage metals in η4:η1 and η1:η1 coordination modes, respectively. In [Cu2Sb14]4–, two bridging Cu ions and two Sb atoms form a planar rhombic unit, which was revealed to have antiaromatic properties by theoretical calculations. Further electron structure and bonding analysis confirmed the presence of delocalized bonds in the rhombic unit and the metallophilic interaction between two formal M+ ions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) are a type of innate immune cells that produce a large amount of IL‐5 and IL‐13 and two cytokines that are crucial for various processes such as allergic airway inflammation, tissue repair and tissue homeostasis. It is known that damaged epithelial‐derived alarmins, such as IL‐33, IL‐25 and thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), are the predominant ILC2 activators that mediate the production of type 2 cytokines. In recent years, abundant studies have found that many factors can regulate ILC2 development and function. Hormones synthesized by the body's endocrine glands or cells play an important role in immune response. Notably, ILC2s express hormone receptors and their proliferation and function can be modulated by multiple hormones during allergic airway inflammation. Here, we summarize the effects of multiple hormones on ILC2‐driven allergic airway inflammation and discuss the underlying mechanisms and potential therapeutic significance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: CCR2 (C‐C chemokine receptor type 2) plays a crucial role in inflammatory and bone metabolic diseases; however, its role in peri‐implantitis remains unclear. This study aimed to explore whether CCR2 contributes to peri‐implantitis and the treatment effects of cenicriviroc (CVC) on peri‐implant inflammation and bone resorption. Materials and Methods: The expression of CCR2 was studied using clinical tissue analysis and an in vivo peri‐implantitis model. The role of CCR2 in promoting inflammation and bone resorption in peri‐implantitis was evaluated in Ccr2−/− mice and wild‐type mice. The effect of CVC on peri‐implantitis was evaluated using systemic and local dosage forms. Results: Human peri‐implantitis tissues showed increased CCR2 and CCL2 levels, which were positively correlated with bone loss around the implants. Knocking out Ccr2 in an experimental model of peri‐implantitis resulted in decreased monocyte and macrophage infiltration, reduced pro‐inflammatory cytokine generation and impaired osteoclast activity, leading to reduced inflammation and bone loss around the implants. Treatment with CVC ameliorated bone loss in experimental peri‐implantitis. Conclusions: CCR2 may be a potential target for peri‐implantitis treatment by harnessing the immune‐inflammatory response to modulate the local inflammation and osteoclast activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines the mechanical properties and fracture modes of sandstone with single and double cracks under varying confining pressures through triaxial compression tests. The stress–strain curves, mechanical parameters, and fracture modes of both intact and cracked sandstone are analyzed based on experimental results. The study finds that the presence of cracks has a significant impact on the mechanical properties of sandstone, with greater damage observed with an increase in the number of cracks. The peak strength and strain of a cracked rock sample increase with the increase in crack angle. The fracture mode of sandstone is influenced by both crack angle and confining pressure. When the crack angle is small, the fracture mode is a combination of shear and tensile failure, while a large crack angle results in shear failure. Moreover, as the confining pressure increases, the degree of damage to the sandstone also increases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: Our previous study revealed that the C‐C motif chemokine receptor 2 (CCR2) is a promising target for periodontitis prevention and treatment. However, CCR2 is a receptor with multiple C‐C motif chemokine ligands (CCLs), including CCL2, CCL7, CCL8, CCL13 and CCL16, and which of these ligands plays a key role in periodontitis remains unclear. The aim of the present study was to explore the key functional ligand of CCR2 in periodontitis and to evaluate the potential of the functional ligand as a therapeutic target for periodontitis. Materials and Methods: The expression levels and clinical relevance of CCR2, CCL2, CCL7, CCL8, CCL13 and CCL16 were studied using human samples. The role of CCL2 in periodontitis was evaluated by using CCL2 knockout mice and overexpressing CCL2 in the periodontium. The effect of local administration of bindarit in periodontitis was evaluated by preventive and therapeutic medication in a mouse periodontitis model. Microcomputed tomography, haematoxylin and eosin staining, tartrate‐resistant acid phosphatase staining, real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction, enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay, bead‐based immunoassays and flow cytometry were used for histomorphology, molecular biology and cytology analysis. Results: Among different ligands of CCR2, only CCL2 was significantly up‐regulated in periodontitis gingival tissues and was positively correlated with the severity of periodontitis. Mice lacking CCL2 showed milder inflammation and less bone resorption than wild‐type mice, which was accompanied by a reduction in monocyte/macrophage recruitment. Adeno‐associated virus‐2 vectors overexpressing CCL2 in Ccl2−/− mice gingiva reversed the attenuation of periodontitis in a CCR2‐dependent manner. In ligation‐induced experimental periodontitis, preventive or therapeutic administration of bindarit, a CCL2 synthesis inhibitor, significantly inhibited the production of CCL2, decreased the osteoclast number and bone loss and reduced the expression levels of proinflammatory cytokines TNF‐α, IL‐6 and IL‐1β. Conclusions: CCL2 is a pivotal chemokine that binds to CCR2 during the progression of periodontitis, and targeting CCL2 may be a feasible option for controlling periodontitis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The brittle layer of carbon brick in a Chinese 4000 m3 blast furnace hearth is investigated in detail, and its formation mechanism is proposed correspondingly. The occurrence form of the brittle layer in carbon brick is characterized by chemical analysis, X‐ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy–energy dispersive spectroscopy. The results show that obvious harmful element (K, Na, and Zn) erosion on the sidewall of the blast furnace hearth is observed, in which Zn erosion is dominant. The K2O, Na2O, and KCl produced in the carbon brick by K and Na are the inducement of the brittle layer formation, and the ZnO formed by Zn is the main reason for the brittle layer formation. The thermal stress caused by temperature gradients in carbon brick is greater than its bending strength, which will increase the microcracks in carbon brick. The brittle layer has a lower thermal conductivity due to higher porosity, resulting in a large temperature difference. The resulting thermal stress will aggravate the embrittlement degree. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Photosensitizers for sensitized triplet‐triplet annihilation upconversion (sTTA‐UC) often rely on precious heavy metals, whereas coordination complexes based on abundant first‐row transition metals are less common. This is mainly because long‐lived triplet excited states are more difficult to obtain for 3d metals, particularly when the d‐subshell is only partially filled. Here, we report the first example of sTTA‐UC based on a 3d6 metal photosensitizer yielding an upconversion performance competitive with precious metal‐based analogues. Using a newly developed Cr0 photosensitizer featuring equally good photophysical properties as an OsII benchmark complex in combination with an acetylene‐decorated anthracene annihilator, red‐to‐blue upconversion is achievable. The upconversion efficiency under optimized conditions is 1.8 %, and the excitation power density threshold to reach the strong annihilation limit is 5.9 W/cm2. These performance factors, along with high photostability, permit the initiation of acrylamide polymerization by red light, based on radiative energy transfer between delayed annihilator fluorescence and a blue light absorbing photo‐initiator. Our study provides the proof‐of‐concept for photon upconversion with elusive first‐row analogues of widely employed precious d6 metal photosensitizers, and for their application in photochemical reactions triggered by excitation wavelengths close to near‐infrared. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to investigate the role of the LCORL gene in regulating the growth performance of Zhedong white (ZDW) geese, belonging to the swan geese (Anser cygnoides), and identify possible selective signatures in diverse goose breeds. Single nucleotide polymorphisms around LCORL were genotyped, and their associations with body‐size‐related (BSR) traits were estimated. The results showed that the genotyped loci upstream of LCORL were significantly related to the body weight and breast width of ZDW geese aged 10 weeks (p < 0.05). A genome scan comparing expected heterozygosity among different breeds identified a ~150 kb long genomic region with extremely low heterozygosity downstream of LCORL among swan geese. Further, significant associations of variants within the low heterozygosity region among ZDW geese with BSR traits, including body weight, body length and breast width (p < 0.05) were also detected. Overall, mutations adjacent to LCORL were related to the growth performance of swan geese, and the significant effects of variants in a low‐heterozygosity region on BSR traits provided valuable insights into the molecular mechanism of artificial selection reshaping body stature in swan geese. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Myocardial ischaemia is pathologically complicated; various changes in intracellular and extracellular microenvironments make it essential to develop a smart drug system with multiple stimulus responses to adapt to the complex process. Inspired by the cobweb, this study designs a microreticular nanosystem that adheres to tissue and is sequentially responsive to multiple stimuli in the ischaemic microenvironment. The nanosystem is fabricated from hyaluronic acid (HA), ROS‐responsive B‐PDEA, and hypoxia‐sensitive VEGF‐expressing plasmids (EPODNA) through electrostatic interactions. After intramyocardial injection, the tissue‐adhesive property of the nanosystem will significantly decrease its acute loss from the injection site. Extracellularly, the microreticular nanosystem first responds to activated hyaluronidase (hyal), releasing HA for microenvironment regulation and B‐PDEA/DNA nanoparticles (NP) with high transfection efficiency for cardiac cells. Intracellularly, ROS sequentially induced B‐PDEA/DNA NP dissociation, consuming some ROS to attenuate oxidative stress and releasing DNA to promote its expression. Meanwhile, local hypoxia significantly activates VEGF expression in plasmids for myocardial revascularization and repair. The function of the microreticular nanosystem is systematically evaluated in vitro. In a rat model of myocardial infarction, treatment with the microreticular nanosystem significantly promotes functional and structural improvements. Collectively, the study provides a promising smart nanosystem to promote tissue repair after complex damage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A series of HPW supported on ammonium hexafluorosilicate (AHFs) modified Hβ (30HPW/Hβ‐Si(x)) was successfully prepared. After Hβ zeolite was pretreated with 0.1 mol·L−1 AHF's solution, the Brønsted/Lewis ratio of Hβ‐Si(0.1) increased compared with those of Hβ, and the strong acid density of 30HPW/Hβ‐Si(0.1) decreased compared with those of 30HPW/Hβ respectively. Strong acidic sites and Lewis acid sites are catalytic sites for by‐products diisobutene and ethylene glycol oligomers, which deposited on the catalyst result in the deactivation of catalysts. According to the results of characterization, the internal Si‐OH groups of Hβ (strong acidity sites) were filled with silicon of AHFs. The extraframework aluminum (strong acid sites) was removed by the H+, which is the hydrolysis of AHFs. In addition, the hydrophobicity of 30HPW/Hβ‐Si(0.1) was also improved compared with that of 30HPW/Hβ due to the SiO2/Al2O3 ratio of Hβ increased after treatment by 0.1 mol·L−1 AHFs solution. The 30HPW/Hβ‐Si(0.1) maintained an 80% conversion of methyl tert‐butyl ether and 100% selectivity to ethylene glycol mono‐tert‐butyl ether and DBE ethylene glycol bis‐tert‐butyl ether with 336 h of time on stream. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aryl‐to‐vinyl nickel 1,4‐migration (1,4‐Ni migration) reaction has been reported for the first time. The generated alkenyl Ni species undergo a reductive coupling reaction with unactivated brominated alkanes affording a series of trisubstituted olefins. This tandem reaction exhibits mild conditions, a broad substrate scope, high regioselectivity, and excellent Z/E stereoselectivity. A series of controlled experiments have shown that the critical 1,4‐Ni migration process is reversible. In addition, the alkenyl nickel intermediates obtained after migration are highly Z/E stereoselective and do not undergo Z/E isomerization. The obtained trace isomerization products are caused by the instability of the product. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ZnO‐MgO composite catalysts were prepared by the coprecipitation method and used for the synthesis of methyl ethyl oxalate (EMO) from dimethyl oxalate (DMO) and ethanol (EtOH). The results of the SEM, XRD, FT‐IR and XPS confirmed that Zn2+ ions were incorporated into the cubic MgO lattice to form the solid solution structure over ZnO‐MgO composites catalysts with 6–18 mol% ZnO. The ZnO‐MgO composite catalysts with a solid solution structure have a large specific surface area, high medium acidic density, and medium basic density according to the results of N2 adsorption‐desorption, pyridine‐IR (Py‐IR) and NH3/CO2 temperature‐programmed desorption (NH3‐TPD/CO2‐TPD). The ZnxMg1‐xO solid solution with 18 mol% ZnO‐MgO (Zn0.18Mg0.82O) catalyst showed the highest catalytic activity with 71.98 % conversion of DMO and 67.36 % selectivity to EMO (DMO: EtOH molar ratio=1 : 2, reaction time=20 min, reaction temperature=80 °C and catalyst amount=1.5 wt%). The high catalytic activity was attributed to the solid solution structure with high medium acidic density and medium basic density. The conversion of DMO showed a positive linear correlation with the medium acidic density and medium basic density according to the correlation between catalytic activity and acidity‐basicity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Understanding the heat transfer properties of the slag crust is critical to the safe operation of copper staves. The distribution of metallic iron and bubbles in the slag crust is detected by X‐ray computed tomography. The thermal conductivity of the slag crust is modified based on an effective thermal conductivity model and laser thermal conductivity measurements to predict the effect of metallic iron and bubbles on the heat transfer in the slag crust. The results show that the average volume fractions of metallic iron and air bubbles in the slag crust are 3% and 4.5%, respectively. The measured value is consistent with the trend of the effective thermal conductivity calculation model, and the calculation result of the Maxwell–Eucken effective thermal conductivity model is very accurate. Variations in the volume fraction of metallic iron in the slag crust have a greater effect on the thickness of the slag crust, while variations in the volume fraction of bubbles have a smaller effect on the thickness of the slag crust. It is recommended to keep it between 10 and 30 mm in blast furnace production to help improve the operational life of the copper stave. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) used for treating cancer relies on the generation of highly reactive oxygen species, for example, singlet oxygen 1O2, by light‐induced excitation of a photosensitizer (PS) in the presence of molecular oxygen, inducing DNA damage in close proximity of the PS. Although many precious metal complexes have been explored as PS for PDT and received clinical approval, only recently, the potential of photoactive complexes of non‐noble metals as PS has been discovered. Using the DNA origami technology that can absolutely quantify DNA strand break cross sections, we assessed the potential of the luminescent transition metal complex [Cr(ddpd)2]3+ (ddpd=N,N′‐dimethyl‐N,N′‐dipyridine‐2‐ylpyridine‐2,6‐diamine) to damage DNA in an air‐saturated aqueous environment upon UV/Vis illumination. The quantum yield for strand breakage, that is, the ratio of DNA strand breaks to the number of absorbed photons, was determined to 1–4 %, indicating efficient transformation of photons into DNA strand breaks by [Cr(ddpd)2]3+. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A dimeric ZnII carbene complex featuring bridging and chelating benzene‐1,2‐dithiolate ligands is highly stable towards air and water. The donor‐Zn‐acceptor structure leads to visible light emission in the solid state, solution and polymer matrices with λmax between 577–657 nm and, for zinc(II) complexes, unusually high radiative rate constants for triplet exciton decay of up to kr=1.5×105 s−1 at room temperature. Variable temperature and DFT/MRCI studies show that a small energy gap between the 1/3LL/LMCT states of only 79 meV is responsible for efficient thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF). Time‐resolved luminescence and transient absorption studies confirm the occurrence of long‐lived, dominantly ligand‐to‐ligand charge transfer excited states in solution, allowing for application in Dexter energy transfer photocatalysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: We aimed to assess the eradication efficacy and factors that influencing it of high‐dose dual therapy (HDDT) in Gansu region, Northwest China. Methods: A total of 216 treatment‐naive patients with Helicobacter pylori infection were randomly assigned to two groups for the 14‐day eradication treatment: the HDDT group (amoxicillin 750 mg q.i.d. and esomeprazole 40 mg t.i.d.) and the amoxicillin and clarithromycin‐containing bismuth quadruple therapy group (ACBQT: esomeprazole 20 mg, bismuth potassium citrate 2 g, amoxicillin 1 g, and clarithromycin 500 mg; b.i.d.). The eradication rates, adverse effects and patient compliance of these two groups were compared. Eradication efficacy was determined by 13C urea breath test (13C UBT) 4–8 weeks after finishing treatment. Antibiotic resistance was determined by the Epsilometer testing (E‐test) method. Results: The eradication rates for the HDDT and ACBQT groups were 71.0% and 74.7% (P =.552) by per‐protocol analysis, and 65.7% and 68.5% (P =.664) by intention‐to‐treat analysis. The overall adverse event rates in the HDDT and ACBQT groups were 2.0% and 43.4% (P <.001), respectively. The resistance rates to amoxicillin, clarithromycin, tetracycline, levofloxacin and metronidazole were 15.2%, 42.0%, 5.4%, 35.7% and 83.0%, respectively. Amoxicillin resistance and delta over baseline (DOB) of 13C UBT ≥ 20 before treatment significantly reduced the eradication rate in 112 participants with H. pylori cultured. Conclusion: The HDDT as first‐line treatment for H. pylori was unsatisfactory in Gansu. Amoxicillin resistance and DOB of 13C UBT ≥ 20 before treatment were significantly correlated with H. pylori eradication failure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objective: Coagulopathy is a common and serious problem in patients who received extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), and this study evaluated whether the 2018 diffuse intravascular coagulation (DIC) score established by the International Society on Thrombosis and Hemostasis (ISTH) is associated with 90‐day mortality in adult ECMO patients. Methods: A retrospective study analyzed data from adult patients receiving ECMO in our hospital from September 2018 to April 2021. Pre‐ECMO DIC score and other variables were assessed and compared to predict 90‐day mortality. Results: Among 103 eligible patients, 55.3% received V‐V ECMO and 44.7% received V‐A ECMO. The overall 90‐day mortality for study patients was 54.4%, including 45.6% in the V‐V group and 65.2% in the V‐A group. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that after adjusting for sex, sepsis, and APACHE II score, pre‐ECMO DIC scores in the total and V‐V group predicted 90‐day mortality (odds ratio(OR): 1.419, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.101–1.828; OR: 2.562; 95% CI: 1.452–4.520). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves displayed that pre‐ECMO DIC score of 4 in the total and V‐V group was a good predictor of 90‐day mortality (area under the curve [AUC] = 0.706, 95% CI: 0.606–0.806; AUC = 0.737, 95% CI: 0.604–0.870). Kaplan–Meier curves demonstrated the 90‐day mortality of patients with pre‐ECMO DIC score ≥ 4 in the total and V‐V group was higher than that of patients with DIC score < 4 (hazard ratio [HR]: 2.821, 95% CI: 1.632–4.879; HR: 3.864, 95% CI: 1.660–8.992). Conclusion: The pre‐ECMO ISTH DIC score was associated with 90‐day mortality in adult patients undergoing ECMO, particularly in the V‐V ECMO group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Glioblastoma (GBM) is a deadly and common primary brain tumor. Poor prognosis is linked to high proliferation and cell heterogeneity. Sex differences may play a role in patient outcome. Previous studies showed that ER‐α36, a variant of the estrogen receptor (ER), mediated non‐genomic estrogen signaling and is highly expressed in many ER‐negative malignant tumors. ER‐α36 also associates with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). The primary purpose of this study is to investigate the cross talk between ER‐α36 and EGFR in estrogen‐mediated GBM cell proliferation. Here, we showed that ER‐α36 was highly expressed and confirmed that ER‐α36 co‐labels with EGFR in human GBM samples using immunohistochemical techniques. We also investigated the mechanisms of estrogen‐induced proliferation in ER‐α‐negative cell lines. We found that GBM cells showed varying responsive to mitogenic estrogen signaling which correlated with ER‐α36 expression, and knockdown of ER‐α36 diminished the response. Exposure to estrogen also caused upregulation of cyclin protein expression in vitro. We also found that low concentration of estrogen promoted SRC‐Y‐416 and inhibited SRC‐Y‐527 phosphorylation, corresponding with activated SRC signaling. Inhibiting SRC or EGFR abolished estrogen‐induced mitogenic signaling, including cyclin expression and MAPK phosphorylation. Cumulatively, our results demonstrate that ER‐α36 promotes non‐genomic estrogen signaling via the EGFR/SRC/MAPK pathway in GBM. This may be important for the treatment of ER‐α‐negative GBMs that retain high level of ER‐α36, since estrogen may be a viable therapeutic target for these patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: CCR2 plays important roles in many inflammatory and bone metabolic diseases, but its specific role in periodontitis is unknown. In the present study, we aimed to explore the role of CCR2 in the progression of periodontitis and evaluate the effect of cenicriviroc (CVC) on periodontitis. Materials and Methods: The expression of CCR2 was studied in patients with periodontitis and in ligation‐induced murine model of periodontitis. The role of CCR2 in promoting inflammation and bone resorption in periodontitis was evaluated in Ccr2−/− mice and wild‐type mice. The effect of CVC in the prevention and treatment of periodontitis was evaluated by systemic and local medication. Microcomputed tomography, haematoxylin and eosin staining, tartrate‐resistant acid phosphatase staining, quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction, enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay, and flow cytometry were used for histomorphology, molecular biology, and cytology analysis, respectively. Results: In this study, we demonstrated that CCR2 was highly expressed in human and murine periodontitis and that CCR2 deficiency was associated with decreased inflammatory monocyte and macrophage infiltration and inflammatory mediators, osteoclast number and alveolar bone resorption. Prevention and treatment with CVC significantly reduced the severity of periodontitis, regardless of whether it was administered systemically or locally. Conclusions: CCR2 plays an important role in the development and progression of periodontitis, and CVC is a potential drug for the prevention and treatment of periodontitis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To evaluate whether septic shock patients with pulmonary infection and life‐threatening hypoxemia can benefit from V‐V ECMO. Methods: Retrospective clinical data analysis on patients who suffered septic shock with pulmonary infection, categorized into V‐V ECMO and control groups. The propensity score matching (PSM) method was used to screen patients matched for age, gender, and disease severity. The primary outcome was 30‐ and 90‐day mortality after diagnosis of septic shock. Results: After PSM, 31 pairs of patients were enrolled in this study, and there were no significant differences between the two groups in terms of gender, age, chronic disease, acute physiological and chronic health evaluation II (APACHE II) score, and sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) score. Within 28 days after the diagnosis of septic shock, the median time of renal replacement therapy‐free days was longer in the V‐V ECMO group than in the control group (27 days vs. 9 days; p = 0.044). Kaplan–Meier analysis showed that 30‐day mortality was lower in the V‐V ECMO group than in the control group (38.7% vs. 61.3%; HR 0.488; 95% CI 0.240–0.992; p = 0.043, by log‐rank test); 90‐day mortality was not significantly different between the two groups (51.6% vs. 67.7%, p = 0.097). Conclusion: Patients receiving V‐V ECMO support had lower 30‐day mortality and faster recovery of renal function within 28 days compared with those receiving conventional therapy. However, V‐V ECMO did not improve 90‐day survival in septic shock patients with pulmonary infection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bifunctional ionic metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) containing Lewis acid sites (unsaturated metal sites) and halide ions (Cl−, Br−, and I−) have attracted increasing attention due to their extra high activity for the cycloaddition of CO2 with epoxides. Herein, a novel microporous MOF (1‐Eu), namely, [Eu3(L)2(HCOO)(H2O)5]·14H2O (H4L = 2,6‐di(2,4‐dicarboxyphenyl)‐4‐(pyridine‐4‐yl)pyridine), has been synthesized by using a new bipyridyl‐based tetracarboxylate ligands (H4L). Structural analyses show that 1‐Eu is a 3D framework in which 1D chains with alternating triple and single carboxylate bridges are interlinked by the L ligands and contains microporous channels with uncoordinated pyridyl N atoms, which are easy to be modified by N‐methylation. Therefore, three bifunctional N‐methylation 1‐Eu MOFs, 1‐Eu‐MeX (X = Cl−, Br−, and I−), were successfully prepared from the 1‐Eu MOF by a postsynthetic modification (PSM) method. 1‐Eu‐MeX can efficiently catalyze the cycloaddition reaction without any cocatalyst and solvent. Among them, the 1‐Eu‐MeI catalyst displays the highest catalytic performance. Our work thus represents a rare demonstration of ionic MOFs as heterogeneous catalysts for efficient CO2 fixation with epoxides. More significantly, 1‐Eu‐MeX are the first reported Eu‐based ionic MOFs with the bipyridyl‐based tetracarboxylate ligand. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sensitized triplet‐triplet annihilation upconversion (sTTA‐UC) mainly relies on precious metal complexes thanks to their high intersystem crossing (ISC) efficiencies, excited state energies, and lifetimes, while complexes of abundant first‐row transition metals are only rarely utilized and with often moderate UC quantum yields. [Cr(bpmp)2]3+ (bpmp=2,6‐bis(2‐pyridylmethyl)pyridine) containing earth‐abundant chromium possesses an absorption band suitable for green light excitation, a doublet excited state energy matching the triplet energy of 9,10‐diphenyl anthracene (DPA), a close to millisecond excited state lifetime, and high photostability. Combined ISC and doublet‐triplet energy transfer from excited [Cr(bpmp)2]3+ to DPA gives 3DPA with close‐to‐unity quantum yield. TTA of 3DPA furnishes green‐to‐blue UC with a quantum yield of 12.0 % (close to the theoretical maximum). Sterically less‐hindered anthracenes undergo a [4+4] cycloaddition with [Cr(bpmp)2]3+ and green light. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Selenium (Se) is a needed trace element for animals and humans. Many fungi have effective mechanisms to acquire, transform and accumulate Se in organic form. In this study, the effects of inorganic Se (sodium selenite) on the medicinal fungus Inonotus hispidus was investigated. RESULTS: Inonotus hispidus was capable of tolerating up to 3.85 mmol L−1 selenite, at which ~85% growth inhibition was seen, with 50% growth inhibition occurring at ~1 mmol L−1 selenite. Growth in 0.29 mmol L−1 Se resulted in I. hispidus mycelium with 115 times higher Se levels compared to growth in standard media, and an organic Se content of 86% to total Se content. The influence of Se accumulation on morphological features of I. hispidus were examined by microscopic and scanning electron microscopic observation. These data revealed significant shrinkage and deformations of I. hispidus hyphae with decreased branching and collapse of clamp connections under higher Se stress. However, conidial production in I. hispidus increased dramatically. The influence of Se on mycelial growth could be recovered by reinoculation in standard media. Se accumulation had only minimal impacts on the yield of the potential selenocompounds such as amino acids, proteins and polysaccharides. By contrast, Se‐enriched I. hispidus mycelium was of higher quality due to reduction in crude fat and total ash contents. CONCLUSIONS: These data provide basic and applied information on the feasibility of producing selenized I. hispidus as an enriched and better quality product. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Herein, Fe‐C3N4‐TU was prepared by one‐step pyrolysis of melamine (MA, carbon and nitrogen sources of g‐C3N4) and Fe(NO3)3 ⋅ 9H2O using thiourea (TU) as a pore‐forming agent. Fe‐C3N4‐TU exhibits a low Tafel slope of 82 mV ⋅ dec−1 and a low overpotential of 206 mV at the current density of 10 mA ⋅ cm−2. The good HER (Electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction) catalytic performance of Fe‐C3N4‐TU is attributed to the high intrinsic activity of Fe−N(III) coordination structure and porous structure with the intersecting channels. The Fe−N(III) coordination structure is proved by the characterized results of the XRD, XPS, and FTIR, which originates from the strong affinity of rich pyridine N in the g‐C3N4 to Fe ions. Simultaneously, the addition of TU as a pore‐forming agent induces the formation of large specific surface area and mesoporous structures with large pore diameters, which facilitate the exposure of Fe−N bonds and promotes H adsorption in the HER process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The molecular ruby analogue [Cr(ddpd)2]3+ (ddpd=N,N'‐dimethyl‐N,N'‐dipyridine‐2‐ylpyridine‐2,6‐diamine) exhibits near infrared (NIR) emission with a high photoluminescence (PL) quantum yield ΦPL of 11 % and a lifetime of 898 μs in deaerated water at room temperature. While ligand‐based control of the photophysical properties has received much attention, influences of the counter anions and microenvironment are still underexplored. In this study, the luminescence properties of the molecular ruby were systematically examined for the counter anions Cl−, Br−, [BF4]−, [PF6]−, [BPh4]−, and [BArF24]− in acetonitrile (MeCN) solution, in crystals, and embedded into polystyrene nanoparticles (PSNP). Stern‐Volmer analyses of the oxygen quenching studies in the intensity and lifetime domain showed the highest oxygen sensitivity of the complexes with the counter anions of [BF4]− and [BArF24]−, which also revealed the longest luminescence lifetimes. Embedding [Cr(ddpd)2][PF6]3 in PSNPs and shielding with poly(vinyl alcohol) yields a strongly NIR‐emissive oxygen‐insensitive material with a record ΦPL of 15.2 % under ambient conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and aims: Excessive alcohol consumption predisposes drinkers to develop alcoholic cardiomyopathy. Although cardiomyocyte loss is the hallmark of cardiomyopathy, the underlying mechanism remains elusive. This study examined the potential mechanism of alcohol‐induced cardiomyocyte death in a mouse model of alcoholic cardiomyopathy. Methods: We established the alcoholic cardiomyopathy mouse model using C57BL/6J mice and confirmed it via echocardiography and histological examination. The cardiac ceramide content and profile were analyzed with a triple‐quadrupole mass spectrometer. The molecular mechanism underlying the accumulation of ceramide due to chronic alcohol consumption and ceramide‐induced cardiomyocyte death were investigated by in vivo and in vitro models. Finally, we established a TLR4 mutation model to explore the function of TLR4 in CH3/HeJ mice. Results: Cardiac lipotoxicity that followed alcohol exposure resulted mainly in C16:0‐, C18:0‐, and C24:1‐ceramide aggregation. Genes encoding the sphingosine hydrolysis enzymes (SMPD1 and SMPD2) rather than de novo synthetic biomarkers were markedly upregulated. Exogenous ceramide mimics (C6‐ceramide) werenderlying the accumulation of ceramide observed to cause H9C2 cardiomyocyte‐like cell death, which was consistent with results under palmate acid (PA) treatment. As a ceramide precursor, PA induces intracellular ceramide generation through TLR4 signaling, which can be abolished by an inhibitor of ceramide synthesis. Furthermore, mechanistic investigations demonstrated that pharmacological or genetic inhibition of TLR4 attenuated PA‐induced cell death and corresponding ceramide production. Moreover, global mutation of TLR4 in CH3/HeJ mice significantly reduced the accumulation of C24:0, C24:1, OH_C24:1, and total ceramide following alcohol challenge. Conclusions: Our findings demonstrate that ceramide accumulation plays a crucial role in alcoholic cardiomyopathy, effects that are partially mediated through the TLR4‐dependent pathway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Polyploidization and hybridization are very common in natural plant species, and mixed‐ploidy species provide a unique opportunity to study the effects of evolutionary history, local abundance, and ploidy level on the direction and extent of introgression between intraspecific lineages. First, we delimited two morphologically cryptic lineages of Phragmites australis Trin. ex Steud. in temperate China using 11 nuclear microsatellites and two chloroplast DNA fragments with 225 samples from China as well as 11 samples from Oceania and Europe. Our evidence supported that haplotype O and haplotype P were two relatively independent lineages with low and high ploidy levels, respectively; haplotype M might be ancient and could have undergone a complex evolutionary history. Then we examined the lineage divergence and compared the introgression patterns between two major lineages along geographical and abundance gradients with a large number of samples (n = 1067) collected from China. The sympatric coexistence of two lineages in north and northeast China implies an ongoing or potential introgression between them. Cline analysis showed that the level of genetic admixture were significantly correlated with longitude rather than latitude. Our results also suggested that ploidy level could deeply influence the introgression asymmetry, and the effect of the current local abundance on introgression might be covered by the past coexistence time driven by phylogeographic history. Our study draws a baseline for future research on the ecological and evolutionary consequences of migration and introgression of Chinese P. australis under global change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To evaluate the dimensional changes of the keratinized tissue width (KTW) in molar regions after augmentation by free gingival grafts (FGG) before implant placement. Material and Methods: In seventeen patients, twenty implant sites in molar regions with KTW ≤3 mm at the buccal aspect received FGG 2 months before implant placement. KTW at the buccal aspect was measured before FGG (T0), immediately before implant placement (T1), at the time of impression taking for final prosthesis fabrication (T2), and at the end of the follow‐up period after loading (T3, 12–48 months). Changes in KTW before and after FGG, as well as the alterations during the follow‐up period after loading, were analyzed. Shapiro–Wilk test, paired Student's t test, and Wilcoxon signed‐rank test were used for the data analysis at α = 0.05. Results: KTW at the buccal aspect of the alveolar ridge was observed with a significant gain of 5.9 ± 1.3 mm at T1 (p <.001). The shrinkage of KTW from T2 to T3 was 8.5%, which was limited but statistically significant (p =.008). KTW at the buccal aspect of implant restorations was 5.0 ± 1.5 mm at T3. Conclusions: Within the limitations of the present study, our data suggest that using FGG to increase KTW in molar regions before implant placement had a predictable result. The buccal KTW had a limited reduction and was ≥3 mm with more than 12 months of follow‐up after loading. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In China, the fruits of Physalis alkekengi L. var. franchetii, which are conventionally utilized as edible berry, have attracted wide attention due to its significant biological activities. In the present study, phytochemical studies on the fruits of Physalis plants afforded six compounds, including two new withanolides (1–2) and four known agnologues (3–6). The inhibitory effects of these compounds on the formation of nitric oxide (NO) stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in RAW264.7 macrophages were evaluated. Physapubescin M (1), with IC50 value of 1.58 μM, was selected for further study. The protein expression of COX‐2 and iNOS, and LPS‐induced production of cytokines (IL‐6, IL‐1β and TNF‐α) were reduced by physapubescin M (1) in a dose‐dependent way. In addition, transcriptomic analyses were conducted to profile gene expression alterations in LPS‐induced RAW264.7 cells upon treatment of physapubescin M (1) and the potential antiinflammatory mechanism of withnolides was mentioned. These results provide broad view to the underlying antiinflammatory mechanism of withnolides, and give a theoretical basis for the utilization of the fruits of P. alkekengi L. var. franchetii. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: This study aimed to identify symptom clusters among patients with chronic heart failure (HF) and examine their independent relationships with quality of life (QoL). Methods: A descriptive cross‐sectional design was adopted, and 201 Chinese participants were recruited. Their symptom profiles and QoL were assessed using the Memorial Symptom Assessment Scale‐Heart Failure and Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire. Exploratory factor analysis was used to identify the symptom clusters. Pearson's correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis were conducted to examine their independent relationships with QoL. Results: Six distinct symptom clusters were identified: the fatigue, dyspneic, discomfort, congestive, ischemic, and emotional symptom clusters. These six symptom clusters accounted for 57.508% of the variance in patient symptom experiences and were positively related to their overall QoL. Moreover, the fatigue (β =.317, p <.001), dyspneic (β =.228, p <.001), congestive (β =.363, p <.001), and emotional (β =.200, p <.001) symptom clusters independently predicted QoL. Conclusion: The six symptom clusters that were identified in this study and the relationships that they shared with QoL are expected to inform future approaches to symptom management. Interventions that target these symptom clusters will improve the QoL of patients with HF. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Selecting native species for restoration is often done without proper ecological background, particularly with regard to how native and invasive species interact. Here, we provide insights suggesting that such information may greatly enhance restoration success. The performance of the native vine, Pueraria lobata, and that of the invasive bitter vine, Mikania micrantha, were investigated in South China to test how priority effects (timing and rate of germination and seedling growth) and competition (phytochemical effects and competitive ability) impact invasive plant performance. We found that, in the absence of competition, the germination rate of M. micrantha, but not of P. lobata, was significantly affected by light availability. P. lobata seedlings also performed better than those of M. micrantha during early growth phases. Under competition, negative phytochemical effects of P. lobata on M. micrantha were strong and we found M. micrantha to have lower performance when grown with P. lobata compared to when grown by itself. Relative interaction indexes indicated that, under interspecific competition, P. lobata negatively affected (i.e., inhibited) M. micrantha, whereas M. micrantha positively affected (i.e., facilitated) P. lobata. Higher photosynthetic efficiency and soil nutrient utilization put P. lobata at a further advantage over M. micrantha. Field trails corroborated these experimental findings, showing little recruitment of M. micrantha in previously invaded and cleared field plots that were sown with P. lobata. Thus, P. lobata is a promising candidate for ecological restoration and for reducing impacts of M. micrantha in China. This research illustrates that careful species selection may improve restoration outcomes, a finding that may also apply to other invaded ecosystems and species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to solve the problem of antibiotic‐resistant bacteria caused by excessive use of antibiotics, herein, an antibacterial membrane composed of natural sodium alginate (ALG), zeolite imidazolate skeleton (ZIF‐8) and niflumic acid (NIF) was reported. The membrane serves as a versatile platform for local antibacterial. This report carried out in‐depth research on the physical properties and antibacterial mechanism of the synthesized sodium alginate composite film. The data shows that the sodium alginate‐based antibacterial film has a continuous antibacterial effect, and the release of antibacterial molecules can be controlled according to changes in the external environment. The results show that the complex has stronger mechanical and bacteriostatic properties. Niflumic acid and Zn(II) have synergistic antibacterial effect. The complex promotes bacterial death by hindering bacterial respiratory metabolism and destroying cell membrane structure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Upconversion photoluminescence in hetero‐oligonuclear metal complex architectures featuring organic ligands is an interesting but still rarely observed phenomenon, despite its great potential from a basic research and application perspective. In this context, a new photonic material consisting of molecular chromium(III) and ytterbium(III) complex ions was developed that exhibits excitation‐power density‐dependent cooperative sensitization of the chromium‐centered 2E/2T1 phosphorescence at approximately 775 nm after excitation of the ytterbium band 2F7/2→2F5/2 at approximately 980 nm in the solid state at ambient temperature. The upconversion process is insensitive to atmospheric oxygen and can be observed in the presence of water molecules in the crystal lattice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Photonen‐Aufkonvertierung in hetero‐oligonuklearen, Metallkomplex‐Architekturen mit organischen Liganden ist ein interessantes, aber bisher selten beobachtetes Phänomen, trotz des großen Potentials sowohl aus Sicht der Grundlagenforschung als auch aus der Anwendungsperspektive. Nun wurde ein neues photonisches Material aus molekularen Chrom(III)‐ und Ytterbium(III)‐Komplexionen entwickelt. Dieses zeigt im Festkörper bei Raumtemperatur abhängig von der Anregungsleistungsdichte nach Anregung des 2F7/2→2F5/2‐Überganges des Ytterbiums bei ca. 980 nm eine kooperative Sensibilisierung der Chrom(III)‐zentrierten 2E/2T1‐Phosphoreszenz bei ca. 775 nm. Der Aufkonvertierungsprozess ist unempfindlich gegenüber Luftsauerstoff und kann in Gegenwart von Wassermolekülen im Kristallgitter beobachtet werden. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pharmacokinetic parameters of vitamin K1 have a large range of values in different literature. The aim of this study was to determine the pharmacokinetic parameters of vitamin K1 following post‐constant speed intravenous infusion (PCSII) to provide rational pharmacokinetic parameters of vitamin K1 and compare these with results of noncompartmental analysis following intravenous injection (IV). After 15 hours intravenous infusion of vitamin K1 in rats, the logarithmic concentration–time curve of vitamin K1 was fit to a linear equation following PCSII (R2 = 0.9599 ± 0.0096). Then, half‐time (T1/2), apparent volume of distribution (Vd), and clearance rate (CL) were estimated successively. T1/2 of vitamin K1 was 4.07 ± 0.41 hour, CL was 89.47 ± 3.60 mL/h, and Vd was 525.38 ± 54.45 mL in rats following PCSII. There was no significant difference in pharmacokinetic parameters of vitamin K1 among different sampling times. For noncompartmental analysis, T1/2 and mean residence time (MRTINF) for a sampling duration of 6h were shorter than those of 12 hours or 24 hours sampling duration following IV (P <.05, P <.01). In addition, T1/2 of vitamin K1 was obviously different from MRT‐equated half‐time (T1/2, MRT)(P <.05). Vd and CL of vitamin K1 following PCSII were larger than those following IV based on noncompartmental analysis (P <.01). The results demonstrated that drug distribution in the body was balanced and the Napierian logarithmic concentration–time curve of vitamin K1 fit to a linear equation following PCSII. Vitamin K1 has a long T1/2 and a relatively large Vd following PCSII. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two new d10 metal–organic frameworks based on a novel semi‐rigid aromatic biscarboxylate ligand, namely, [Zn (RGAA)(BPY)1/2] (1) and [Cd5(μ3‐OH)2(RGAA)4] (2) [H2RGAA = 4‐(carboxymethyl)‐2‐ethoxybenzoic acid, BPY = 4,4′‐bipyridine], have been synthesized by the hydrothermal reaction, and characterized by Fourier transform‐infrared, elemental analyses, X‐ray single‐crystal diffraction, powder X‐ray diffraction and thermogravimetric analyses. Complex 1 displays a three‐dimensional (3D) network with a (2,3,4)‐connected (6ˆ3.8ˆ2.10)2(6ˆ3)2(8) topology, while complex 2 exhibits a 3D framework with a (3,10)‐connected (3.4.5)2(3ˆ4.4ˆ6.5ˆ18.6ˆ14.7ˆ2.8) topology. The luminescent properties of compounds 1 and 2 have been investigated in detail, where the emission maxima are 464 and 349 nm, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Synthesis, characterization, electrochemistry, and photophysics of homo‐ and heteroleptic ruthenium(II) complexes [Ru(cpmp)2]2+ (22+) and [Ru(cpmp)(ddpd)]2+ (32+) bearing the tridentate ligands 6,2"‐carboxypyridyl‐2,2'‐methylamine‐pyridyl‐pyridine (cpmp) and N,N'‐dimethyl‐N,N'‐dipyridin‐2‐ylpyridine‐2,6‐diamine (ddpd) are reported. The complexes possess one (32+) or two (22+) electron‐deficient dipyridyl ketone fragments as electron‐accepting sites enabling intraligand charge transfer (ILCT), ligand‐to‐ligand charge transfer (LL'CT) and low‐energy metal‐to‐ligand charge transfer (MLCT) absorptions. The latter peak around 544 nm (green light). Complex 22+ shows 3MLCT phosphorescence in the red to near‐infrared spectral region at room temperature in deaerated acetonitrile solution with an emission quantum yield of 1.3 % and a 3MLCT lifetime of 477 ns, whereas 32+ is much less luminescent. This different behavior is ascribed to the energy gap law and the shape of the parasitic excited 3MC state potential energy surface. This study highlights the importance of the excited‐state energies and geometries for the actual excited‐state dynamics. Aromatic and aliphatic amines reductively quench the excited state of 22+ paving the way to photocatalytic applications using low‐energy green light as exemplified with the green‐light‐sensitized thiol–ene click reaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aims: Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is the most common liver disease and a severe mortality burden in the world. However, ALD is rarely detected at its early stages. Thus, exploration of an early event for ALD may help the prognosis and further therapy of ALD. Several circRNAs were proven as novel molecular biomarkers for the progression of chronic nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Whether circRNAs are involved explicitly in ALD remains unknown. Methods: The expression profile of circRNAs in an ALD mouse model was depicted by circRNA sequencing. The dysregulated circRNAs were verified by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR). Bioinformatics and circRNA/microRNA (miRNA) crosstalk analyses were applied to predict the potential functions of circRNAs. Finally, the miRNA expression was confirmed by miRNA sequencing. Results: Compared with the control group, 6 members of circRNAs were up‐regulated, and 4 were down‐regulated in the ALD model. GO enrichment analyses revealed these circRNAs were predominantly enriched in the endoplasmic reticulum, arachidonic acid metabolism, and cytochrome P450 metabolism pathway. Among these circRNAs, the differential expression of 5 circRNAs was validated and consistent with qRT‐PCR, and only the up‐regulated mou_circ_1657 is included in the circBase. Further, the crosstalk analysis of circRNA–miRNA revealed 7 miRNAs were targeted by mou_circ_1657, of which miR‐19‐5b was the only miRNA that was down‐regulated in the ALD mice according to the miRNA sequencing data, suggesting it needs further attention in ALD. Conclusions: This study demonstrates that a cluster of circRNAs is aberrantly expressed in the livers of ALD mice. mou_circ_1657/miR‐19‐5b may play a critical role in the development of ALD. Our study provides new insight into the future investigation and therapy on ALD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]