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In recent decades, the Environmental policy and environmental innovation are becoming the central policy instruments aimed at carbon neutrality. This empirical study scrutinizes the role of environmental policy and eco‐innovation on CO2 emissions for G7 countries. The study employs second‐generation panel data econometric methods along with panel quantile regression spanning from 1990 to 2019. The empirical findings infer that environmental policy and eco‐innovation significantly mitigate CO2 emissions in the long run. While, panel quantile regression also infers that environmental policy is negatively significant in all quantiles, but eco‐innovation is negatively significant from the 40th to 70th quantiles and insignificant in all other quantiles. The estimated results may further reinforce the policymakers in G7 countries on the promotion of green policy and eco‐innovation in carbon neutrality targets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel peptide‐based chemical fluorescence sensor L (Dansyl‐His‐Pro‐Thr‐Cys‐NH2) was designed and synthesized. This sensor exhibits an "On–Off–On" detection cycle to detect Cu2+, Zn2+, and S2− in solution. According to the chelation‐enhanced fluorescence (CHEF) mechanism, when Zn2+ is present, the fluorescence is significantly enhanced and a blue shift occurs, representing a "Turn‐On" phase of the fluorescence detection mode. Because copper ions (Cu2+) have a paramagnetic quenching sensing mechanism, the fluorescence of L quenches rapidly with the formation of the L‐Cu system, representing the "Turn‐Off" phase. The subsequent introduction of S2− to the L‐Cu system results in the recovery of the L‐fluorescence, thereby representing the second "Turn‐On" phase. As a peptide molecule, the sensor L has several advantages over other types of sensors, including water solubility, high sensitivity, and good biocompatibility, with a very low detection limit. The detection lines of Zn2+ and Cu2+ are 97 nM (R = 0.993) and 75 nM (R = 0.995), respectively. Additionally, the sensor does not exhibit any obvious cell toxicity. These results indicate that this peptide chemiluminescent sensor has the potential to be applied in in vivo detection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Near‐infrared (NIR) fluorescent probes with aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) properties are of great significance in cell imaging and cancer therapy. However, the complexity of its synthesis, poor photostabilities, and expensive raw materials still pose some obstacles to their practical application. This study reported an AIE luminescent material with red emission and its application in in vitro imaging and photodynamic therapy (PDT) study. This material has the characteristics of simple synthesis, large Stokes shift, good photostabilities, and excellent lipid droplets‐specific testing ability. Interestingly, this red‐emitting material can effectively produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) under white light irradiation, further achieving PDT‐mediated killing of cancer cells. In conclusion, this study demonstrates a simple approach to synthesize NIR AIE probes with both imaging and therapeutic effects, providing an ideal architecture for constructing long‐wavelength emission AIE materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A genetic algorithm (GA) was used in this simulation work and a well‐studied double perovskite structure was chosen to verify the feasibility of the algorithm. To pursue excellent efficiency and stability of the perovskite solar cell, the experimental and simulation data were summarized to determine the adjustable range of parameters for the simulated cell structure. The GA can help us to determine the best combination among a wide range of potential possibilities. The optimal solution was obtained by substituting the best combination data into SCAPS‐1D and the open circuit voltage (VOC) was 1.08 V, fill factor (FF) was 88.81%, short circuit current (JSC) was 37.06 mA/cm2, and the power conversion efficiency (PCE) was 35.54%. Compared to the initial simulation results, the efficiency was improved by 10 percentage points and the JSC increased by 12 mA/cm2. From these conclusions, it was clear that the GA provides a faster and more accurate way to find the optimal solution for perovskite solar cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Transparent top electrodes are crucial for enhancing the performance of semitransparent organic solar cells (ST‐OSCs). The commonly evaporated ultra‐thin silver (Ag) electrode in ST‐OSCs suffers from limited transparency and conductivity due to its island‐like growth, posing a challenge in achieving desired conductivity and low optical loss. Here, a novel composite film is prepared by doping a small amount of samarium (Sm) into Ag during evaporation. The incorporation of Sm facilitates to form a continuous ultra‐thin Ag film by suppressing isolated island growth. A 15 nm Sm:Ag composite film with an optimized mass ratio of 1:30 exhibits a sheet resistance of 6 Ω □−1 and an average visible transmittance (AVT) of 66%, much better than 20 Ω □−1 and 43% of the pure Ag analogue. By employing the Sm:Ag electrode with an optical coupling layer, the ST‐OSCs demonstrate a power conversion efficiency of 10.89% and an AVT of 37.1%, resulting in a light utilization efficiency of 4.04%. Moreover, the resultant ST‐OSCs demonstrate superior color neutrality with a color rendering index of 91.9, representing one of the highest values among the ST‐OSCs with LUE exceeding 4% reported to date. This work provides a novel transparent top electrode with superior conductivity and transmittance for ST‐OSCs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rapidly emerging field of 2D magnetic materials has garnered significant attention due to its fascinating physical properties and wide‐ranging potential applications. This review highlights the importance of magneto‐optical interactions as a crucial tool for both studying and modulating 2D magnets. It offers a comprehensive survey of current research concerning magneto‐optical interactions in 2D magnetic materials, encompassing the magneto‐optical Kerr effect, reflection magnetic circular dichroism, second‐harmonic generation, photoluminescence, inelastic light scattering, and time‐resolved spectroscopy. This review discusses how these techniques provide insights into the properties of 2D magnets, enabling exploration of magnetic phase transitions, lattice alterations, spin dynamics, as well as their responses to external fields. Moreover, it emphasizes the modulation of magnetic properties by photo‐stimulation and offers a brief outlook on this swiftly developing field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The directional and dynamic hydrogen bonds are of vital importance for both nucleic acids and proteins, but they naturally apply strong multiple hydrogen bonds in pendant groups and weak single hydrogen bond in the backbone. The hierarchy and orthogonality of multiple and single hydrogen bonds in biological systems inspire to elegantly tailor the supramolecular polymeric materials for robust mechanical properties. Herein, this work has fabricated dynamic ultrastrong and tough supramolecular materials through bioinspired rational design of strong multiple hydrogen bonds in pendant groups and weak single hydrogen bond in the backbone. Based on quadruple hydrogen bonds of ureidopyrimidinone and single hydrogen bond of amide, the supramolecular polymer with optimized hierarchical hydrogen bonds possesses high tensile strength and strong toughness of 30.6 MPa and 74.0 MJ m−3, respectively. Meanwhile, the dynamic dissociation and reformation of the hierarchical hydrogen bonds endow the supramolecular polymer with efficient crack resistance, self‐healing, recyclability, and high energy dissipation. Flexible and self‐healing conductors can be prepared by blending the supramolecular polymer with liquid metal in a simple manner. Therefore, this work expects that the plenty of hydrogen bonding pairs in the supramolecular toolkit provide many opportunities to produce robust and tough supramolecular polymeric materials without covalent crosslinking. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ziziphi Spinosae Semen (ZSS) and fried ZSS (FZSS) have been used for treating insomnia and depression in China. However, the potential influence of chemical variations on their efficacy remains unclear. This study demonstrated that compared with ZSS, FZSS exhibited an increase in the content of seven compounds, while the fatty oil content decreased. Both ZSS and FZSS exhibited antidepressive effects in a chronic unpredictable mild stress rat model, indicating a synergistic regulation of deficiencies in 5‐hydroxytryptamine in the brain and the hyperactivation of severe peripheral inflammation. ZSS demonstrated a superior modulatory effect compared with FZSS, as indicated by integrated pharmacodynamic index, metabolic profile, and relative distance value. The potential mechanism underlying their antidepressive effects involved the modulation of gut microbiota structure to alleviate excessive inflammatory responses and imbalanced tryptophan metabolism. Correlation analysis indicated that the higher fatty oil contents should be comprehensively considered as the main reason for ZSS's superior antidepressive effects, achieved through the regulation of pyroglutamic acid levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hydrate formation in foam drainage gas recovery wells and the shut in accidents caused by plugging have become an important problem that restricts the safe production of natural gas. The blockage and accumulation of hydrates is a gradual problem. This research goes beyond predicting the formation of hydrates and delves deeper into examining the rate of hydrate formation and the degree of pipeline blockage at different wellbore locations. First, the temperature model, pressure model, multiphase flow model, and hydrate plugging model of hydrate formation process are established from the equations of mass conservation, energy conservation, and momentum conservation. Second, an iterative approach is employed to solve the model, with a maximum error of 6.86% in model validation. Finally, sensitivity analysis shows that wellhead temperature, wellhead pressure, and foam viscosity have different effects on hydrate formation, maximum plugging position, and plugging degree. At the same time, combined with the actual drainage and gas production process, and the characteristics of hydrate blockage, proposed hydrate prevention measures can be taken to achieve safe production of natural gas. The research results indicate that a decrease in temperature signifies an increase in undercooling, resulting in an accelerated rate of hydrate formation and an elevated risk of hydrate blockage. The decrease in wellhead pressure leads to a decrease in the rate of hydrate formation and an increase in production, which is beneficial for the hydrate prevention. However, larger pressure differences and gas production rates will put higher requirements on equipment such as well control devices. An increase in foam viscosity will lead to increased pressure, foam compression, reduced drainage capacity, and intensified hydrate generation. Therefore, foam viscosity should be kept as small as possible to keep the foam stable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Clinicians and researchers have always faced challenges in performing surgery for rotator cuff tears (RCT) due to the intricate nature of the tendon‐bone gradient and the limited long‐term effectiveness. At the same time, the occurrence of an inflammatory microenvironment further aggravates tissue damage, which has a negative impact on the regeneration process of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and eventually leads to the production of scar tissue. Tetrahedral framework nucleic acids (tFNAs), novel nanomaterials, have shown great potential in biomedicine due to their strong biocompatibility, excellent cellular internalisation ability, and unparalleled programmability. The objective of this research was to examine if tFNAs have a positive effect on regeneration after RCTs. Experiments conducted in a controlled environment demonstrated that tFNAs hindered the assembly of inflammasomes in macrophages, resulting in a decrease in the release of inflammatory factors. Next, tFNAs were shown to exert a protective effect on the osteogenic and chondrogenic differentiation of bone marrow MSCs under inflammatory conditions. The in vitro results also demonstrated the regulatory effect of tFNAs on tendon‐related protein expression levels in tenocytes after inflammatory stimulation. Finally, intra‐articular injection of tFNAs into a rat RCT model showed that tFNAs improved tendon‐to‐bone healing, suggesting that tFNAs may be promising tendon‐to‐bone protective agents for the treatment of RCTs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fluoroborodipyrrole (BODIPY) and Tetraphenylethylene (TPE) are well‐known molecules in the realm of optical materials, celebrated for their exceptional properties. Recent research increasingly focuses on their combined use. In this study, a novel non‐synthetic method is taken to harness the synergistic therapeutic potential stemming from intermolecular interactions by employing nanoparticle encapsulation and core–shell structure. In vitro and in vivo experiments results show that the nanoparticles encapsulating BODIPY and TPE exhibit low cytotoxicity, efficient antitumor properties, and excellent visualization, achieving remarkable 1+1>2 effects. This innovative method not only provides high therapeutic efficacy, but also reduces time and economic costs, providing a novel perspective for exploring the combination of BODIPY and TPE as well as similar molecules in the field of optical materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The conserved extracellular vesicles (EVs)‐miRNAs from milk might potentially influence human gene expression, or even introduce their analogous nucleotide chains into the human food chain. This study aimed to characterise the features of Brown Swiss milk EVs and the EVs‐miRNAs profile. Brown Swiss milk EVs exhibited a cup‐shaped morphology, with a distribution of (2.3 ± 0.8) E + 11 particles/mL. Sequencing identified a total of 238 miRNAs, which were mainly implicated in immune response and cell signal transduction. The conservation of these milk EVs‐miRNAs among species suggested they might be evolutionarily selected to regulate the growth and development of the newborns. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Many studies reported that tranexamic acid (TXA) was effective in reducing surgical blood loss in the perioperative period of medial open wedge high tibial osteotomy (MOWHTO). However, few studies focused on the simple topical use of TXA in MOWHTO, and the modality and dosage of topical use of TXA varied. The purpose of this study was to observe the effect of topical use of low‐dose TXA on drainage volume after MOWHTO, and to analyze the related influencing factors. Methods: Data of patients who underwent MOWHTO combined with arthroscopic knee surgery in our department from January 2019 to September 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. A total of 105 patients (38 males and 67 females, aged 57.7 ± 7.5 years) were included in this study who received topical TXA or no TXA. The patients were divided into three groups: control group (39 cases), 0.5 g TXA group (40 cases), 1 g TXA group (26 cases). Postoperative drainage volume, wound healing, incidence of hematoma and deep venous thrombosis (DVT) were observed and analyzed in the three groups. The effects of gender, hypertension and diabetes on postoperative drainage volume were analyzed using a t‐test. The correlation between age, body mass index (BMI), osteotomy gap and postoperative drainage volume were analyzed using the Pearson correlation coefficient. Results: The average postoperative drainage volume of the control group was 259.54 ± 226.33 mL, that of the 0.5 g TXA group was 277.18 ± 177.68 mL, and that of the 1 g TXA group was 229.15 ± 219.93 mL. There was no statistically significant difference in postoperative drainage volume among the three groups (F = 0.423, p = 0.656). There was no local hematoma and wound infection in the three groups. The wound fat liquefaction was found in one patient of the control group. The incidence of DVT was 38.9% (7/18) and 57.1% (8/14) in the control group and 0.5 TXA group, respectively. There was no significant difference in the incidence of DVT between the above two groups (p = 0.476). The average postoperative drainage volume of male patients in the three groups was higher than that of female patients, and the differences were statistically significant (p < 0.05). There was no correlation between age, BMI, osteotomy gap and postoperative drainage volume in the three groups (p > 0.05). Conclusion: Topical use of low‐dose TXA has no significant effect on drainage volume after MOWHTO. The drainage volume after MOWHTO in male patients was more than that in female patients. Topical administration of low‐dose TXA does not increase postoperative complications, such as DVT and hematoma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a disease with high rates of disability and mortality. The role of epidermal growth factor receptor 1 (ERBB1) in ICH was elucidated in this study. Methods: ICH model was constructed by injecting autologous arterial blood into the right basal ganglia. The protein level of ERBB1 was detected by western blot analysis. To up‐ and downregulation of ERBB1 in rats, intraventricular injection of a lentivirus overexpression vector of ERBB1 and AG1478 (a specific inhibitor of ERBB1) was used. The cell apoptosis, neuronal loss, and pro‐inflammatory cytokines were assessed by TUNEL, Nissl staining, and ELISA. Meanwhile, behavioral cognitive impairment of ICH rats was evaluated after ERBB1‐targeted interventions. Results: ERBB1 increased significantly in brain tissue of ICH rats. Overexpression of ERBB1 remarkably reduced cell apoptosis and neuronal loss induced by ICH, as well as pro‐inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress. Meanwhile, the behavioral and cognitive impairment of ICH rats were alleviated after upregulation of ERBB1; however, the secondary brain injury (SBI) was aggravated by AG1478 treatment. Furthermore, the upregulation of PLC‐γ and PKC in ICH rats was reversed by AG1478 treatment. Conclusions: ERBB1 can improve SBI and has a neuroprotective effect in experimental ICH rats via PLC‐γ/PKC pathway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a common malignancy originating from oral mucosal tissue. OSCC cells employ immune evasion strategies to avoid immune attacks, but research on inhibiting immune evasion and delaying OSCC progression is limited. This study aimed to investigate how SLC3A2 downregulation mediates immune evasion and promotes metastasis in OSCC through bioinformatics analysis and cell experiments. Gene enrichment analysis was performed using human double sulphur death‐related genes from the GSEA database. Differentially expressed genes were selected from the GEO database. Diagnostic models were constructed and validated using gene expression datasets. Immune infiltration and function were analysed through Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses. Cell experiments were conducted to evaluate the impact of SLC3A2 on immune response in OSCC. Ten double sulphur death‐related genes were identified, with SLC3A2 and SLC7A11 being enriched in tongue squamous cell carcinoma‐related diseases. Differential expression analysis revealed five genes (SLC3A2, SLC7A11, RPN1, GYS1 and NDUFS1) of diagnostic significance. GO analysis showed enrichment in amino acid import and transmembrane transport, while KEGG pathway analysis highlighted enrichment in ferroptosis, diabetic cardiomyopathy, and Starch and sucrose metabolism. Experimental verification confirmed higher SLC3A2 expression in OSCC cells. Overexpression of SLC3A2 inhibited cell proliferation and reduced PD‐1 and CTLA‐4 expression. Reduced SLC3A2 expression in OSCC promotes immune evasion and tumour progression by impairing T lymphocyte function. This study provides insights into targeted regulation of SLC3A2 expression for immune response‐based therapies in OSCC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lysine‐specific demethylase 1 (LSD1) is a flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) dependent monoamine oxidase (MAO) that erases the mono‐, and dimethylation of histone 3 lysine 4 (H3K4), resulting in the suppression of target gene transcriptions. Besides, it can also demethylate some nonhistone substrates to regulate their biological functions. As reported, LSD1 is widely upregulated and plays a key role in several kinds of cancers, pharmacological or genetic ablation of LSD1 in cancer cells suppresses cell aggressiveness by several distinct mechanisms. Therefore, numerous LSD1 inhibitors, including covalent and noncovalent, have been developed and several of them have entered clinical trials. Herein, we systemically reviewed and discussed the biological function of LSD1 in tumors, lymphocytes as well as LSD1‐targeting inhibitors in clinical trials, hoping to benefit the field of LSD1 and its inhibitors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Occupational exposure to extreme high temperatures and the increasing global temperatures necessitates a deeper understanding of the impact of heat exposure on human health. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the response of monocytes and neutrophils to heat exposure in occupational population remain to be fully elucidated. This study used longitudinal transcriptome to assess the impact of acute heat exposure (50°C for 30 min) in 10 subjects from a mine rescue team before acute heat exposure (baseline) and at 5 min, 30 min, 1 h, and 24 h after acute heat exposure (recovery). The time‐series analysis revealed a coordinated molecular choreography of changes involving inflammation, coagulation, extracellular matrix, and energy metabolism. Importantly, the study characterized the inflammatory signature associated with heat exposure in monocytes and neutrophils, as evidenced by the rapid activation of the inflammation‐related transcriptome following heat exposure. Additionally, we pinpointed potential regulators, such as NR4A1, FOSL1, EGR3, and ATF3. In summary, the study suggested that the initial response to heat stress in monocytes and neutrophils from mine rescue team member was primarily characterized by a pro‐inflammatory stress response, which could potentially lead to the development of inflammation and ultimately result in a systemic inflammatory response in heatstroke. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aqueous zinc ion batteries (AZIBs) with high safety, low cost, and eco‐friendliness advantages show great potential in large‐scale energy storage systems. However, their practical application is hindered by low Columbic efficiency and unstable zinc anode resulting from the side reactions and deterioration of zinc dendrites. Herein, tripropylene glycol (TG) is chosen as a dual‐functional organic electrolyte additive to improve the reversibility of AZIBs significantly. Importantly, ab initio molecular dynamics theoretical simulations and experiments such as in situ electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and synchrotron radiation‐based in situ Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy confirm that TG participates in the solvation sheath of Zn2+, regulating overpotential and inhibiting side reactions; meanwhile, TG inhibits the deterioration of dendrites and modifies the direction of zinc deposition by constructing an adsorbed layer on the zinc anode. Consequently, a Zn‐MnO2 full cell with TG electrolyte exhibited a specific capacity of 124.48 mAh g‐1 after 1000 cycles at a current density of 4 A g‐1. This quantitative regulation for suitable solvation sheath and adsorbed layer on zinc anode, and its easy scalability of the process can be of immediate benefit for the dendrite‐free, high‐performance, and low‐cost energy storage systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The focus of this article is to design a distributed preview tracking controller for a class of nonlinear interconnected systems with time‐delay. By constructing the error systems with the information of previewable reference signal, and defining an H∞$$ {H}_{\infty } $$ performance index, the original preview tracking problem is converted into the H∞$$ {H}_{\infty } $$ control problem of the error system. Based on the relationship between the interconnection matrices and the input matrices, a distributed controller using not only the local state vector information but also the interconnection term information is designed for the error systems. Under this controller, the closed‐loop error system is decoupled. With the help of Lyapunov‐Krasovskii functional, the sufficient conditions, the asymptotic stability of the closed‐loop error system with H∞$$ {H}_{\infty } $$ disturbance attenuation level, are established. The distributed preview tracking controller, which is composed of state feedback, integrator, and preview feedforward, is acquired by integrating the controller of the error system. The proposed preview controller is applied to the chemical reactor recycles system and double‐parallel inverted pendulum system. The simulation verify that this controller is very effective in improving the tracking performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copper is a critical element in both human and animal metabolic processes. Its role includes supporting connective tissue cross‐linking, as well as iron and lipid metabolism; at the same time, copper is also a toxic heavy metal that can cause harm to both the environment and human health. Glutathione (GSH) is a tripeptide composed of glutamic acid, cysteine, and glycine combined with sulfhydryl groups. Its properties include acting as an antioxidant and facilitating integrative detoxification. GSH is present in both plant and animal cells and has a fundamental role in maintaining living organisms. GSH is the most abundant thiol antioxidant in the human body. It exists in reduced and oxidized forms within cells and provides significant biochemical functions, such as regulating vitamins such as vitamins D, E, and C, and facilitating detoxification. A fluorescent probe has been developed to detect copper ions selectively, sensitively, and rapidly. This report outlines the successful work on creating a peptide probe, TGN (TPE‐Trp‐Pro‐Gly‐Cln‐His‐NH2), with specific Cu2+ detection capabilities, and a significant fluorescence recovery occurred with the addition of GSH. This indicates that the probe can detect Cu2+ and GSH concurrently. The detection limit for Cu2+ in the buffer solution was 264 nM (R2 = 0.9992), and the detection limit for GSH using the TGN‐Cu2+ complex was 919 nM (R2 = 0.9917). The probe exhibits high cell permeability and low biotoxicity that make it ideal for live cell imaging in biological conditions. This peptide probe has the capability to detect Cu2+ and GSH in biological cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Organic–inorganic halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have been extensively studied due to their simple fabrication methods and obvious device efficiency advantages. In this work, the perovskite CsSn0.5Ge0.5I3 is used as the light absorption layer, which is doped with Ge2+ in CsSnI3 to improve its stability. The polymers of 3‐hexylthiophene (P3HT) with excellent optoelectronic properties and low price, and SnO2 with high electron extraction ability is selected as charge transport layers. Based on these, a novel PSC structure (FTO/SnO2/IDL1/CsSn0.5Ge0.5I3/IDL2/P3HT/Au) has been simulated via solar cell capacitor simulator (SCAPS‐1D). The PSC performance is optimized by adjusting a series of parameters, including the layer thickness, defect density, electron affinity potential energy, and operating temperature, and so forth. The results show that the PSC defects are passivated by adjusting the appropriate parameters, and the final optimized open circuit voltage (VOC) is 1.08 V, short‐circuit current density (JSC) is 27.37 mA/cm2, fill factor (FF) is 83.32%, while the power conversion efficiency (PCE) is increased from the initial 10.89% to 24.63%, which provides theoretical reference for experiments and new ideas for the preparation and development of efficient and environmentally friendly PSCs. Finally, the effect of different metal cathodes with and without hole transport layer (HTL) on PSC performance is compared. The PSCs without HTL are more dependent on battery cathodes, which provided a way to replace precious metals with other electrode materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Herein, highly luminescent eco‐friendly CuGaS2/ZnS (CGS/ZnS) and CuGaInS2/ZnS (CGIS/ZnS) core/shell quantum dots (QDs) are rationally prepared for luminescent solar concentrator (LSC) application. It is demonstrated that the optical properties of these core/shell QDs can be tailored by engineering the ZnS shell thickness, leading to large Stokes shifts and high‐photoluminescence quantum yields up to 94.6%. As‐synthesized core/shell QDs with optimized optical properties are employed to fabricate LSCs (5 × 5 × 0.5 cm3) using glasses as waveguides, wherein the individual CGS/ZnS and CGIS/ZnS QD‐based LSCs, respectively, exhibit an optical efficiency (ηopt) of ≈3.26% and 6.53% under AM1.5G illumination (100 mW cm−2). Remarkably, a tandem QDs‐LSC integrated via vertical stacking of the top yellow‐emitting CGS/ZnS QDs‐LSC and bottom red‐emitting CGIS/ZnS QDs‐LSC delivers an optical efficiency (ηopt) as high as 9.94%, which is, respectively, ≈3 and 1.5 times higher than the individual QDs‐LSCs and is comparable to various best‐reported QDs‐LSCs. The results indicate that environment‐benign I–III–VI2 core/shell QDs with engineered optical properties and LSC architectural design are promising to develop future cost‐effective and high‐performing building‐integrated photovoltaics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The management of infected wounds is still an intractable challenge in clinic. Development of antibacterial wound dressing is of great practical significance for wound management. Herein, a natural‐derived antibacterial drug, tannic acid (TA), was incorporated into the electrospun polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) fiber (TA/PVA fiber, 952 ± 40 nm in diameter). TA worked as a cross‐linker via hydrogen bonding with PVA to improve the physicochemical properties of the fiber and to reach a sustained drug release (88% release of drug at 48 h). Improved mechanical property (0.8–1.2 MPa) and computational simulation validated the formation of the hydrogen bonds between TA and PVA. Moreover, the antibacterial and anti‐inflammatory characteristics of TA laid the foundation for the application of TA/PVA fiber in repairing infected wounds. Meanwhile, in vitro studies proved the high hemocompatibility and cytocompatibility of TA/PVA fiber. Further in vivo animal investigation showed that the TA/PVA fiber promoted the repair of infected wound by inhibiting the bacterial growth, promoting granulation formation, and collagen matrix deposition, accelerating angiogenesis, and inducing M2 macrophage polarization within 14 days. All the data demonstrated that the TA cross‐linked fiber would be a potent dressing for bacteria‐infected wound healing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A cross‐1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition reaction of α‐halohydroxamates (in situ generated azaoxyallyl cations) with N,N′‐cyclic azomethine imines was developed. The synthetic protocol provided facile and rapid access to pyrazolo[1,2‐a][1,2,4]triazine derivatives in good yields and excellent diastereoselectivities under mild metal‐free conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cesium lead iodide (CsPbI3) has attracted a great deal of attention as an absorption layer material for perovskite solar cells (PSCs) with high stability and suitable band gap (1.72 eV). In response to the problems of defect‐induced nonradiative compounding and voltage loss caused by the common perovskite layer, the common strategies of interfacial engineering, altering crystal equivalence, and other modifications involve more complex processes and higher fabrication costs. In order to simplify the process and save costs, this work has omitted the electron transport layer (ETL), while still maintaining a high power conversion efficiency (PCE). This work has simulated PSCs with CsPbI3 (electron transport layer free) and have matched Cu2O as the most suitable hole transport layer (HTL) material. By simulating and optimizing the thickness and defect density of perovskite absorption layer and the defect density of interface defect layer (IDL1, IDL2), and determining the most suitable operating temperature, the PCE of the device can reach 18.8%, which is consistent with the experimental data. The asymmetric effect of the interface defect layer obtained in this work is similar to previous research reports. This research provides an economical solution for high‐performance inorganic perovskite solar cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In many photocatalytic reaction paths, the breaking of the first CO bond in a CO2 molecule is often the key step that becomes the rate‐controlled reaction step. In this paper, a graphitic carbon nitride (g‐C3N4) supported nickel single‐atom catalyst (Ni@g‐C3N4) was successfully constructed, and the mechanism of CO2 catalytic reduction was systematically studied based on density functional theory (DFT). The introduction of nickel promotes the adsorption of small molecules, especially for the CO2 activation. According to density of states (DOS) and frontier orbital analysis, the photogenerated carriers tend to jump from nitrogen atoms to carbon atoms, forming an electron transfer in real space, after g‐C3N4 is excited by light. With the appearance of nickel‐doped levels, the DOS of Ni@g‐C3N4 is no longer symmetric with respect to the spin up and down, especially around the original band gap of g‐C3N4. Single‐atom nickel has abundant frontier orbitals and high activity and is a favourable place for chemical reactions. The presence of surface hydrogen can promote the recovery of CO2, and the energy barrier of Ni@g‐C3N4 with hydrogen is only 15% of the clean g‐C3N4 surface. This paper provides a new idea for the development of efficient single‐atom catalysts for CO2 reduction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cs2TiBr6 materials have promising applications in organic–inorganic halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs), but their power conversion efficiency (PCE) is low. Herein, based on the matching band structure of MASnBr3 and Cs2TiBr6, a no‐electron transport layer (ETL)‐structured laminated PSC is constructed for numerical simulation using SCAPS‐1D. The results have shown that the ETL‐free structure reduces the potential barrier between the interfaces and improves the performance of the device. MASnBr3 is used to replace the traditional hole transport layer to form a laminated structure, which is more conducive to the built‐in electric field of the device. Through exploring the internal influencing factors and applicable environment, it is found that the device can maintain a good operating level between 230 and 430 K. Finally, the best PCE of 19.63% is achieved in the proposed device structure (FTO/Cs2TiBr6/MASnBr3/Au). This work provides a new approach to achieving lead‐free and efficient laminated PSCs in a wide temperature range of usage environments from −43 to 157 °C. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, the intermediates of the photocatalytic degradation of tetracycline hydrochloride (TC‐HCl) were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry. The doping of polypyrrole (PPy) and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) increased the reaction rate of TC‐HCl degradation by ZnO. The prepared ZnO has a large specific surface area, which can improve the adsorption performance. The introduction of PPy and CNTs can promote electron transfer and reduce the recombination of photogenerated electron hole pairs in the composite material ZnO/PPy/CNTs(ZPC), and the photocatalytic performance of the composite sample is improved. In addition, the new visible light catalyst has strong degradation effect on TC‐HCl. Using tetracycline hydrochloride as a pollutant, the photocatalytic degradation performance of each sample was analyzed. After 240 min of photoreaction, the Degradation rate of TC‐HCl (DTC‐HCl) by ZnO was 24.1 %, while that by ZPC was 91.5 %. Meanwhile, the intermediates of photocatalytic degradation of TC‐HCl were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry. The peak intensity of TC‐HCl from adsorption equilibrium to the end of the photocatalytic reaction occurred at a retention time of about 10.05 min and decreased with the increase of the reaction time. This indicates that TC‐HCl is broken down into small molecules during the reaction. Through the analysis of intermediates and active species, the degradation pathway of tetracycline hydrochloride was deduced. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Supply‐demand coordination optimization of hydrogen‐based multi‐energy system provides an effective way to improve the overall energy utilization efficiency and mitigate the challenges of energy and environmental crisis for industrial park. However, the uncertainties of energy supply and demand and the time coupling caused by storage system bring great challenges for energy efficiency and feasibility of strategy. To address the supply‐demand coordination problem, a scenario‐based operation optimization model of hydrogen‐based multi‐energy system is formulated. In this model, grey hydrogen, green hydrogen, and renewable energy are coordinated. Furthermore, in order to formulate the hard constraints of the gas storage, the robust constraints with adjustable robust parameters are added to make a trade‐off between feasibility and economy of operation strategy. The robust constraints are non‐linear, time‐coupled, dynamic and infinite dimensional and bring high computational complexity. Thus, the analytical solutions of the worst case are developed under the polyhedral budget constraints to transform the model into a mixed integer linear programming which can be efficiently solved. Finally, numerical test based on a real case is analysed and the results show that supply‐demand coordination can reduce the energy cost about 11.29% and energy storage system can significantly improve the flexibility of system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Intrinsically high attenuation of X‐rays and excellent optoelectronic properties endow Cs3Bi2I9 with great promise for high‐performance X‐ray detectors. However, preparation of high quality Cs3Bi2I9 single crystal with large area and millimeter‐thick remains challenging and time‐consuming. A size scalable growth technology, a mechanical sintering process, which is applicable for the integration in image detectors is proposed in this work. Compared with the Cs3Bi2I9 wafer, the Cs3Bi2I9/MXene composite wafer exhibits higher carrier transfer efficiency and mobility‐lifetime product through incorporation of Ti3C2Tx MXene multilayer nanoflakes (MXene nanoflakes). The Cs3Bi2I9/MXene composite wafer X‐ray detector shows an excellent linearity of X‐ray response, a fast response speed, and a low limit of detection of 231 nGyair s−1. The sensitivity of 368 µC Gyair−1 cm−2 under 120 V mm−1 is achieved, which is 15.4% enhanced over the Cs3Bi2I9 wafer detector. The sensitivity of Cs3Bi2I9/MXene wafer device enhances ≈20–40% at low applied voltage regime. In addition, the Cs3Bi2I9/MXene wafer detector exhibits excellent operational stability after storage for 12 months in ambient air. This work provides an alternative approach for realization of next‐generation high‐performance perovskite X‐ray detectors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Distributed multi‐area economic dispatch (MAED) can overcome the deficiencies of a large amount of information processing and regional privacy leakage faced by centralized scheduling. However, multiple iterations may increase communication and computing costs, as well as operational risk. Therefore, this paper proposes a double spatial scale search (DSSS) algorithm to accelerate the iterative process. First, each area performs the multi‐parametric quadratic programming (MPQP) with load and phase angles of boundary buses as parameters to pre‐process the MAED problem as a piecewise quadratic programming (PQP) problem. To reduce the complexity of MPQP, a parameter variables reduction method and a fitting‐based imprecise MPQP (i‐MPQP) algorithm are developed. Then, aided by the i‐MPQP results, we design a DSSS algorithm to optimize the PQP problem efficiently. Finally, two interconnected power systems of different sizes are used for numerical testing. The results show that the i‐MPQP can produce a 77.98% and 88.65% reduction in the number of precise MPQP (p‐MPQP) function segments. Compared with the existing algorithm, the iterations of DSSS algorithm are decreased by 75% and 76.35%, and it can converge with one iteration in most cases. Moreover, the performance of the proposed method is insensitive to the system settings and algorithm parameters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: PD‐1/PD‐L1 tumor immunotherapy shows effective anticancer in treatment of solid tumors, so PEI lipid nanoparticles (PEI‐LNP)/siRNA complex (EPV‐PEI‐LNP‐SiRNA) with the therapeutic function of PD‐L1‐siRNA and EGFR short peptide/PD‐L1 double immune‐enhancing function were constructed for the prevention and treatment of EGFR‐positive lung cancer in this study. Method: In this study, PEI lipid nanoparticles (PEI‐LNP)/siRNA complex (EPV‐PEI‐LNP‐siRNA) with the therapeutic function of PD‐L1‐siRNA and EGFR short peptide/PD‐L1 double immune‐enhancing function were constructed for the prevention and treatment of EGFR‐positive lung cancer and functional evaluation was conducted. Results: On the basis of the construction of the composite nano‐drug delivery system, the binding capacity, cytotoxicity, apoptosis and uptake capacity of siRNA and EPV‐PEI‐LNP were tested in vitro, and the downregulation effect of PD‐L1 on A549 cancer cells and the cytokine levels of cocultured T cells were tested. Lipid nanoparticles delivered siRNA and EGFR short peptide vaccine to non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), increasing tumor invasion and activation of CD8 + T cells. Combination therapy is superior to single target therapy. Conclusion: Our constructed lipid nanoparticles of tumor targeted therapy gene siRNA combination had the ability to target cells in vitro and downregulate the expression of PD‐L1, realizing the tumor‐specific expression of immune‐stimulating cytokines, which is a highly efficient and safe targeted therapy nano‐vaccine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Neutralizing antibody is an important indicator of vaccine efficacy, of which IgG is the main component. IgG can be divided into four subclasses. Up to now, studies analysing the humoral response to SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccination have mostly focused on measuring total IgG, and the contribution of specific IgG subclasses remains elusive. The aim of this study is to investigate the kinetics of neutralizing antibodies and IgG subclasses, and to explore their relationships in people vaccinated with inactivated COVID‐19 vaccine. We conducted a prospective cohort study in 174 healthy adults aged 18–59 years old who were administrated 2 doses of CoronaVac 14 days apart and a booster dose 1 year after the primary immunization, and followed up for 15 months. Blood samples were collected at various time points after primary and booster immunization. We used live SARS‐CoV‐2 virus neutralizing assay to determine neutralizing ability against the wild‐type strain and 4 variants (Beta, Gamma, Delta and Omicron) and ELISA to quantify SARS‐CoV‐2 RBD‐specific IgG subclasses. The results showed that the 2‐dose primary immunization only achieved low neutralizing ability, while a booster shot can significantly enhance neutralizing ability against the wild‐type strain, Beta, Gamma, Delta and Omicron variants. IgG1 and IgG3 were the most abundant serum antibodies, and IgG2 and IgG4 were hardly detected at any time. The ratio of IgG1/IgG3 was positively associated with the neutralization ability. The underlying mechanism requires further exploration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Intrigued by the artificial intelligence and brain‐like neural networks, the photoelectronic neuromorphic devices that can simulate synaptic functions have been attracting wide attention. However, equalizing excitation‐inhibition has been seldom artificially realized despite its fundamental feature in a biological system. In this work, an artificial synapse is proposed based on a sandwiched Ag/Al2O3/graphene/ITO photodetector. The device exhibits a special ambipolar photoresponse at the millivoltage as a result of the interfacial trapping effects. Under the coupled light and electrical stimulus, the synaptic excitatory, inhibitory signals and their recovery are emulated on a single device via the positive and negative photoresponse, respectively. Further, the biologically dynamic balance of excitation and inhibition is reproduced on a simple analogous system integrating multiple photoelectronic synaptic cells. These remarkable results provide a potential foundation for building hardware units with neuromorphic architecture to mimic the complex human brain functionalities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study employs an effective oxygen (O2) plasma treatment to fabricate multilayer molybdenum diselenide (MoSe2) photodetectors for visible and near‐infrared (NIR) detection. With the introduction of O2 plasma treatment, the atomic oxidized layer is generated to prevent direct interaction from O2 and water (H20) molecules in air, leading to an improved environmental stability. Meanwhile, bonded O atoms provide an electron‐rich atmosphere, which can effectively reduce the intrinsic Se vacancies and generate a strong built‐in electric field to suppress the recombination of photocarriers. As a result, the O2‐modified MoSe2 photodetector exhibits an excellent photoresponse, including a high responsivity of 889 mA W−1, a fast response time of 52 µs, and a high specific detectivity approaching 3.37 × 1014 Jones under 520 nm illumination with a light intensity of 2.02 mW cm−2 at 0.5 V. Moreover, the response spectra of MoSe2‐O2 photodetectors can be further extended to NIR region (λ = 980 nm), owing to perturbation of O atoms in the Se−Mo sublattice. Ultimately, a turbidity detection system based on the optimized photodetector is demonstrated, which illustrates an accurate turbidity measurement with the concentration ranging from 0 to 4000 NTU. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Piezocatalysis has gradually come into the limelight due to its great potential for solving energy shortages and environmental pollution problems. However, limited piezocatalytic efficiency is a severe bottleneck for its practical applications. Here, well‐defined BaTiO3 nanosheets with highly exposed {001} polar facets are successfully synthesized to enhance the piezocatalytic activity. The [001] piezoelectric polarization can drive the carriers to migrate to the surface along the out‐of‐plane direction. The polar surface provides abundant active sites for the piezocatalytic reaction. As a result, a superior piezocatalytic degradation ratio of organic pollutants is obtained with a high first‐order rate constant k of 0.0835 min−1, which is 2.7 times higher than the BaTiO3 nanoparticles. Furthermore, BaTiO3 nanosheets display an outstanding H2 production capability, with the rate of 305 µmol g−1 h–1, which is almost two times higher than that of BaTiO3 nanoparticles. This work thus provides a novel and comprehensive strategy for designing high‐performance piezocatalysts with an out‐of‐plane polarization, and also provides novel insights for the optimization of the piezocatalytic activity by regulating the polar facet of piezocatalysts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Heterotopic ossification (HO) is a common disease characterized by pain, dysfunction and calcification. The mechanisms underlying HO have not been completely elucidated. Palovarotene, a retinoic acid receptor γ agonist, significantly inhibits the formation of HO in vivo. However, its specific mechanism of action remains unclear. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the signalling pathways related to the formation of HO as well as the mechanism of palovarotene action. We constructed in vitro and in vivo models of HO. Osteogenic differentiation of bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) was observed by alizarin red and alkaline phosphatase staining assays in vitro. X‐ray and haematoxylin–eosin staining were performed in vivo. Western blots and reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction were performed to determine the levels of osteogenic‐ and inflammation‐related genes. Immunofluorescence and immunocytochemistry were used to assess the levels of p65, the core molecule of the nuclear factor κ‐B (NF‐κB) signalling pathway. We demonstrated that, in vitro, under inflammatory stimulation, pathological calcium deposition increased in BMSCs. The levels of osteogenesis‐ and inflammation‐related genes were also upregulated, along with an enhanced expression of p65. Immunofluorescence assays revealed that p65 entered the nucleus, thereby stimulating the downstream effectors of the NF‐κB pathway. The above trends were reversed after palovarotene treatment. In conclusion, the NF‐κB signalling pathway played an important role in HO, and palovarotene could alleviate HO by blocking the NF‐κB cascade. Our results may provide a theoretical basis for palovarotene in the treatment of HO. Further studies on the side effects of palovarotene are warranted in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: FOXP3 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were recently elucidated to influence the development of preeclampsia (PE), but the results on this issue still remained controversial. Thus, a meta‐analysis was implemented to systematically investigate the roles of FOXP3 SNPs in PE. Methods: Eligible publications were identified by retrieving relevant electronic databases. Meanwhile, the association intensity was estimated by calculating odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) in various genetic models. Results: Totally eight investigations involving 3446 subjects were enrolled in the final meta‐analysis. The AC and AC + CC genotypes of FOXP3 rs3761548 were related to the susceptibility of PE in over‐dominant (OR = 1.19, 95%CI = 1.02‐1.38, P = 0.03) and recessive (OR = 0.59, 95% CI: 0.36‐0.97, P = 0.04) models. Furthermore, correlation between rs2232365 and PE was observed in recessive model (GG vs. GA + AA) (OR = 0.79, 95%CI: 0.65‐0.97, P = 0.03). Moreover, rs2232365 GA and GG + GA genotypes were associated with the severity of PE. However, rs4824747, rs3761547 and rs2280883 polymorphisms had no significant impact on PE susceptibility. Conclusions: FOXP3 rs3761548 and rs2232365 SNPs influenced the PE susceptibility and therefore may be potential biomarkers for prediction of PE risk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

P–n junctions based on 2D materials can be achieved using a selective doping technique, while such a method is challenged by the complex fabrication process. Here, a facile van der Waals (vdWs) structured p–n heterojunction is demonstrated by simply transferring an n‐type multilayer α‐In2Se3 (direct bandgap) on a p‐type ultra‐thin WSe2 nanosheet. The vdWs stacked photodetector with an improved type‐II band alignment not only realizes a broadband spectral response from visible to near infrared (405–905 nm), but also operates well with a diode‐like behavior. This behavior is further confirmed by the high‐resolution scanning photocurrent mapping. As a result, the as‐fabricated device exhibits a short response time (<120 µs) and a high responsivity of 1.84 A W−1 under 520 nm laser illumination. Accordingly, an underwater optical communication system based on the WSe2/α‐In2Se3 p‐n heterojunction photodetector is demonstrated, which is promising for next‐generation high‐performance and low‐power detection applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of polymeric materials from bio‐based feedstocks is highly urgent due to growing environmental concerns and the rapid depletion of limited fossil resources. However, bio‐based polymeric materials usually possess only moderate performance, drastically undermining their potential applicability. Herein, bioinspired nucleobase‐containing polymers with eminent toughness and outstanding adhesive properties by harnessing the complementary hydrogen‐bonding (H‐bonding) interactions are developed. Efficient thiol‐ene polymerization is carried out to produce the nucleobase‐functionalized homopolymers and statistical copolymers. In contrast to the individual homopolymers, the supramolecular mixtures of the homopolymers display much better energy dissipation and damping capacity on account of intermolecular complementary H‐bonding interactions. More remarkably, the nucleobase‐containing copolymers possessing both inter‐ and intramolecular complementary H‐bonding interactions exhibit outstanding toughness as high as 73.8 MJ m−3. In addition to the outstanding mechanical properties, the unique interfacial adhesive propensity of nucleobases endows the polymeric materials with an ultra‐strong adhesion strength as high as 16.2 MPa. This work represents an important and universal bioinspired strategy to construct robust polymeric materials by rationally designing both inter‐ and intramolecular H‐bonding networks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Protein‐based hydrogels have attracted great attention due to their excellent biocompatible properties, but often suffer from weak mechanical strength. Conventional strengthening strategies for protein‐based hydrogels are to introduce nanoparticles or synthetic polymers for improving their mechanical strength, but often compromise their biocompatibility. Here, a new, general, protein unfolding‐chemical coupling (PNC) strategy is developed to fabricate pure protein hydrogels without any additives to achieve both high mechanical strength and excellent cell biocompatibility. This PNC strategy combines thermal‐induced protein unfolding/gelation to form a physically‐crosslinked network and a ‐NH2/‐COOH coupling reaction to generate a chemicallycrosslinked network. Using bovine serum albumin (BSA) as a globular protein, PNC‐BSA hydrogels show macroscopic transparency, high stability, high mechanical properties (compressive/tensile strength of 115/0.43 MPa), fast stiffness/toughness recovery of 85%/91% at room temperature, good fatigue resistance, and low cell cytotoxicity and red blood cell hemolysis. More importantly, the PNC strategy can be not only generally applied to silk fibroin, ovalbumin, and milk albumin protein to form different, high strength protein hydrogels, but also modified with PEDOT/PSS nanoparticles as strain sensors and fluorescent fillers as color sensors. This work demonstrates a new, universal, PNC method to prepare high strength, multi‐functional, pure protein hydrogels beyond a few available today. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: While several studies have indicated that maternal serum lipid profiles are associated with the development of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), the results have been inconsistent. This study aimed to explore the relationship between maternal lipids profiles at first prenatal visit and GDM and determine the optimal cut‐off values of possible trimester‐specific variables in predicting GDM. Materials and Methods: Clinical data of women with singleton pregnancies who delivered in Xinhua Hospital between January 2016 and January 2017 were collected from electronic databases. Multivariate logistic regression was used to determine the potential risk factors of GDM (specific to the trimester at first prenatal visit), including age, body mass index (BMI), and serum lipid profile and fasting plasma glucose (FPG) levels. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was performed to determine the cut‐off values of significant variables. Results: Among the 2191 pregnant women included, 315 (14.38%) were diagnosed with GDM. Of these, 880 (40.16%) had their first prenatal visit before 14 gestational weeks. Univariate and multivariate analyses showed that both FPG and triglyceride (TG) levels in the first and second trimesters were associated with a high risk of GDM (p < 0.05). The ROC curve showed that serum TG levels >1.235 mmol/L and >1.525 mmol/L in the first and second trimesters, respectively, were significantly associated with the development of GDM (p < 0.05). Conclusions: TG levels at first prenatal visit is associated with GDM risk. Different TG cut‐off values should be applied in the different trimesters of pregnancy for GDM screening. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Collaborator recommendation is of great significance for facilitating research collaboration. Proximities have been demonstrated to be significant factors and determinants of research collaboration. Research leadership is associated with not only the capability to integrate resources to launch and sustain the research project but also the production and academic impact of the collaboration team. However, existing studies mainly focus on social or cognitive proximity, failing to integrate critical proximities comprehensively. Besides, existing studies focus on recommending relationships among all the coauthors, ignoring leadership in research collaboration. In this article, we propose a proximity‐aware research leadership recommendation (PRLR) model to systematically integrate critical node attribute information (critical proximities) and network features to conduct research leadership recommendation by predicting the directed links in the research leadership network. PRLR integrates cognitive, geographical, and institutional proximity as node attribute information and constructs a leadership‐aware coauthorship network to preserve the research leadership information. PRLR learns the node attribute information, the local network features, and the global network features with an autoencoder model, a joint probability constraint, and an attribute‐aware skip‐gram model, respectively. Extensive experiments and ablation studies have been conducted, demonstrating that PRLR significantly outperforms the state‐of‐the‐art collaborator recommendation models in research leadership recommendation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]