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This article discusses a study conducted in Spain that aimed to assess the cardiovascular structure and function, as well as exercise tolerance, in adolescents born small for gestational age (SGA). The study followed a cohort of 30 SGA adolescents and 28 normal birthweight controls from preadolescence to adolescence. The results showed that while signs of cardiac remodelling and dysfunction were evident in SGA individuals during preadolescence, no significant differences in left ventricular dimensions or deformation were observed in SGA adolescents. However, SGA adolescents did have markedly reduced exercise tolerance. Further research is needed to understand the causes of these findings and their potential association with increased cardiovascular mortality among adults born SGA. [Extracted from the article]

The aim of this study was to comprehensively study the pulmonary vasculature in normoxia and after maternal hyperoxygenation in fetal growth restriction (FGR). Fetal pulmonary vasculature was assessed at 24-37 weeks of gestation using ultrasound including main pulmonary artery (pulsatility index (PI), diameter, peak of systolic velocity (PSV) and acceleration and ejection times (AT and ET)) and intrapulmonary artery (PI and peak of end-diastolic reverse flow (PEDRF). Methods Prospective cohort study of singleton pregnancies including 87 FGR (defined as birthweight below 10th centile) and 42 normally grown fetuses matched with cases by gestational age at ultrasound. [Extracted from the article]

2014; 93 (12): 1276 - 81. 2 Carbillon L, Benbara A, Fermaut M. A combination of clinical ultrasound Doppler and angiogenic biomarkers assessment is currently the best approach for periviable fetal-growth-restriction evaluation. The association of abnormal uterine Doppler in the second trimester with placental dysfunction and adverse outcome, in terms of pre-eclampsia and fetal growth restriction (FGR), is well established. Soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase to placental growth factor ratio in different stages of early-onset fetal growth restriction and small for gestational age. [Extracted from the article]

OP06.05: Differences in pulmonary reactivity between healthy and growth-restricted fetuses estimated by means of computational modelling The aim of this study was to quantify dynamic changes in the properties of the fetal pulmonary circulation induced by maternal hyperoxygenation (MHO) in fetuses with fetal growth restriction (FGR) by means of a simplified computational model. Methods Doppler images from the RVOT, intra-pulmonary artery (IPA) and ductus arteriosus (DA), together with pulmonary valve diameter (PVd), were obtained under normoxia and MHO conditions from pregnant women. [Extracted from the article]

To quantify the impact of maternal hyperoxygenation (MHOx) on the pulmonary circulation of growth-restricted fetuses (FGR) using a machine learning-based analysis of Doppler waveforms. Results Figure A shows the simplified NOx space dividing the population in clusters 1 (including 55% FGR) and 2 (76% FGR). OC11.04: Effect of maternal hyperoxygenation on pulmonary circulation in growth-restricted fetuses: a machine learning analysis of Doppler. [Extracted from the article]

Being born small for gestational age (SGA) is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease in adulthood, but the consequences of SGA on adult exercise response are unclear. These results support further research to clarify the causes of impaired exercise capacity and the potential links with increased cardiovascular mortality in adults born SGA. [Extracted from the article]

Cardiac remodelling and dysfunction occur in small-for-gestational age (SGA) fetuses and children, but it is uncertain whether and how these effects persist into adulthood. Shape analysis demonstrated significant changes in right ventricular geometry with slight flattening of the basal septum and wider RV base in SGA compared to controls (Delong test p = 0.02, figure 1). [Extracted from the article]

Adult COVID-19 patients who were born SGA presented higher rates of severe disease and need for admission to Intensive Care Unit (23.1% vs 13.6%, p = 0.043) as compared to non-SGA individuals. OP03.04: Being born small for gestational age increases susceptibility to severe COVID-19 in adulthood Small for gestational age (SGA) may have long-lasting consequences with increased susceptibility to adult disease. [Extracted from the article]

To assess placental perfusion by magnetic resonance (MR) biexponential intra-voxel incoherent motion (IVIM) model in pregnancies near term complicated by fetal growth restriction (FGR) and to evaluate its correlation with placental volume and feto-placental Doppler. Placental perfusion assessed by IVIM model seems to be a promising technique for assessing placental insufficiency, but further studies with larger sample size are needed. [Extracted from the article]