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The 11th International Risk Management Conference was held at the University of Paris‐Dauphine and the EM LYON Business School (Paris Campus) in June 2018. The conference theme "1968–2018: From Z‐Score to Contemporary Risk Management, 50 Years of Risk Measurement and Management" was selected as a means to showcase the many ways that financial risk measurement has evolved and impacted financial risk management in banks and corporations as well as the tools used by asset managers and market regulators. The four papers included in this special issue of the Journal of International Financial Management and Accounting focus on a wide range of issues: How small differences in credit ratings effect the speed of adjustment in corporate leverage, the impact of using soft variables to assess default probabilities in European corporations, a new approach to measuring a company's intrinsic risk, and the effectiveness of short sale circuit breaker rules to limit stock price volatility. Our Foreword highlights the main findings of these papers and offers our assessment of the lessons they provide for financial managers and policymakers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Contemporary textbooks of anatomy and surface anatomy were evaluated to ascertain whether they were gender-neutral. The evidence of this, and previous studies, suggests that, both in terms of imagery and text, many textbooks lack neutrality. To further investigate such matters, we provided second-year medical students studying at Cardiff University ( n = 293) and at the Paris Descartes University ( n = 142) during the 2011-2012 academic year with a questionnaire inviting them to address the possibility that social/gender factors hinder the dispassionate representation of anatomy. Ethical approval was obtained from both Cardiff and Paris universities. Eighty-six percent of the students at Cardiff and 39% at Paris Descartes responded and provided data for analysis. The hypothesis tested is that medical students perceive a gender bias that is reflected in the books they read and the tuition they receive. Our findings suggest that, while students recognise the importance of gender issues and do not wish to associate with sexism, most are unaware of the possible negative aspects of sexism within anatomy. In this respect, the findings do not support our hypothesis. Nevertheless, we recommended that teachers of anatomy and authors of anatomy textbooks should be aware of the possibility of adverse effects on professional matters relating to equality and diversity issues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Famously, the Fourth Lateran Council took place in 1215 and offered a bold new wave of papal legislation. Importantly, the Council confessed cum petro, with Peter Lombard. This was an unprecedented endorsement of a scholastic theologian. By confessing cum petro, the papacy placed Peter Lombard's Sentences at the heart of its bold reforming agenda. There has been very little historical analysis of the meanings of this endorsement. This article will attempt to situate the logic of this endorsement within the larger context of the Council, as well as the increasing formalisation of the Schools of Paris, which culminated in the founding of the University of Paris in that same year. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Presents updates on the study and teaching of modern language as of December 1948. Address given by Albert Farmer, professor of English Literature at the Sorbonne University in Paris, France, on the occasion of the awarding of degrees at the close of the Middlebury College Language Schools; Recommendations regarding foreign language instruction on the secondary level; Foundation of the Colby-Swarthmore Summer School of Languages in Waterville, Maine.

Presents news briefs on modern language education in the U.S. as of March 1937. Grants for U.S. Bachelor of Arts students in the University of Paris; Premedical Requirements at Western Reserve University; Information on the National Home Library.

Focuses on the courses offered at the Sorbonne University in Paris, France. Estimated cost of lodging in France as of February 1929; Patterns of teaching at the university; Topics covered by the courses offered at Sorbonne University; Information on the forum le Club du Faubourg.

Presents various issues related to modern language education. Status of women in the learned professions; Age of Louis Andrieux when he took his doctor's degree in letters at the Sorbonne University in Paris, France; Award received by Alexandre Arnoux from the Society of French Authors.

Discusses several issues concerning the study of modern languages as of April 1922. Need for an active propaganda against plans to eliminate some teachers of modern language; Comments on the method of teaching the French language at the University of Paris.

Information for visitors to Paris, France from a chapter of the book "Frommer's France, 2008" is presented. It features places to visit at the Latin Quarter in Paris, France. The district is the precinct of the University of Paris. By the 14th century, the university had become the most prestigious university in the West. Reorganized by Napoleon in 1806, the Sorbonne today is the premier university of France. The Musée National du Moyen Age has two draws: the world's finest collection of art from the Middle Ages.

The article features Latin Quarter in 5th arrondissement surrounding University of Paris, known as the Sorbonne in Paris, France. Rabelais called it the Quartier Latin because the students and professors spoke Latin in the classrooms and on the streets. University of Paris was founded in the 13th century, and by the 14th century it had become the most prestigious university in the West.

The article reports on French dermatologist Anne-Charles Lorry. Lorry was born in 1726 in a suburb of Paris. His father, Francois Lorry, was a professor of law at the University of Paris while his mother, the former Madeleine LaFosse, was a member of an artistic family. By age 36, Lorry was one of the three most famous physicians in Paris and possessed a large practice drawn from all classes of Parisian society, he had a reputation for generosity, kindliness and wisdom. In 1775, Lorry was a founding member of the Royal Society of Medicine. Because of the fact that his professional language was Latin, he for many years was the principal luminary of this Society whose deliberations were always conducted in the Latin tongue.

The article offers updates related to anthropology. It cites a study by Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS) that men's testosterone levels are decreased after becoming a father. It mentions that Marshall Sahlins will receive doctorate honoris causa by the University of Paris, Sorbonne. It notes the book "Debt: The First 5,000 Years," by David Graeber.

The article offers information on Stephanie "Steffi" Canizares. It says that she and her husband Orlando met while studying at Universite de Paris in Paris, France when they exchanged language lessons. It states that she and her children traveled with her husband in countries such as Asia, and Central and South America where Orlando studied and taught. It also mentions her contributions to the International Society of Dermatology as a helper to Orlando in his activities.

The article deals with tourist attractions in the Latin sector of Paris, France. The University of Paris more popularly known as the Sorbonne is the premier university of France. It holds the marble tomb of Cardinal Richelieu and the statue called Science in Tears. Musée National du Moyen Age is a museum which offers a collection of art from the Middle Ages. The Panthéon is where some famous men in the history of France are buried.

The article presents biographies of neurologist Jean-Martin Charcot who is featured on French postage stamps and otologist Robert Barany who is featured on Swedish postage stamps. Charcot was born on November 29, 1825 in Paris, France and worked as a physician at the Salpêtrière Hospital after studying at the University of Paris. Barany was born on April 22, 1876 in Vienna, Austria and studied at the University of Vienna; he received the 1914 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine.

A brief profile of endodontist and oral biology professor Stéphane Simon, at the University of Paris in Paris, France, is presented.

A brief profile of oral biology and genetics professor Ariane Berdal, at the University of Paris Dental School in Paris, France, is presented.