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Objective To determine the relationship between buccal bone and soft tissue thickness at teeth in the premaxilla by means of non-invasive registration methods. Materials and Methods Buccal bone thickness at central incisors, lateral incisors and canines was measured at five reference points (1-5 mm from the top of the alveolar crest) on CB- CT scans of 21 patients. The corresponding buccal gingival thickness was measured by the use of an ultrasonic device. Spearman's correlation coefficient was calculated to assess the correlation between buccal bone and soft tissue thickness at each tooth type. Results Mean buccal bone thickness ( SD) at central incisors, lateral incisors and canines was 1.07 mm (0.34 mm), 1.16 mm (0.54 mm) and 0.98 mm (0.37 mm), respectively. For central incisors, 68% of all sites had a thickness <1 mm and 32% had a thickness between 1.0 and 2.0 mm. At lateral incisors, 44% demonstrated buccal bone thickness between 0 and 1.0 mm, 48% between 1.0 and 2.0 mm and 8% ≥2 mm. For canines, 57% of the sites were <1 mm thick; 41% were between 1.0 and 2.0 mm thick, and 2% demonstrated ≥2 mm thickness. Mean gingival thickness ( SD) at central incisors, lateral incisors and canines was 1.37 mm (0.32 mm), 1.33 mm (0.32 mm) and 1.08 mm (0.25 mm), respectively. The correlation between buccal bone and soft tissue thickness was moderately positive (ρ = 0.406; P < 0.001). Conclusions A thin buccal bone wall (<1 mm) may be expected in over half of the central incisors and canines. The correlation between buccal bone and soft tissue thickness was moderately positive. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Technology is constantly changing, and it is important for perioperative nurses to stay current on new products and technologies in the perioperative setting. AORN's "Recommended practices for electrosurgery" addresses safety standards that all perioperative personnel should follow to minimize risks to both patients and staff members during the use of electrosurgical devices. Recommendations include how to select electrosurgical units and accessories for purchase, how to minimize the potential for patient and staff member injuries, what precautions to take during minimally invasive surgery, and how to avoid surgical smoke hazards. The recommendations also address education/competency, documentation, policies and procedures, and quality assurance/performance improvement. Perioperative nurses should consider the use of checklists and safety posters to remind staff members of the dangers of electrosurgery and the steps to take to minimize the risks for injury. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The aim of this randomised, split-mouth, controlled clinical trial was to evaluate the effectiveness of a controlled-release chlorhexidine chip (CHX chip) as an adjunctive therapy to scaling and root planing (SRP) with a newly developed ultrasonic device in supportive periodontal therapy (SPT). Materials and methods: Twenty patients with moderate-to-severe chronic periodontitis, displaying at least four sites with probing depth (PD) ≥5 mm and persistent bleeding on probing (BOP), were recruited for the study. The target sites were randomly treated with either a newly developed piezo-driven ultrasonic device VectorTM- or ultrasonic system (VUS) + CHX chip or VUS alone without adjunctive antimicrobial treatment. The clinical parameters, plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), BOP, PD and clinical attachment level (CAL) were recorded at baseline and after 1, 3 and 6 months. Results: At baseline, there were no significant differences between test and control sites for any of the investigated parameters. The average reduction of PD and improvement in CAL was greater in the VUS + CHX chip sites than in sites treated with the VUS alone at 1, 3 and 6 months ( P < 0.05). The mean reductions on PD and CAL were 0.7 and 0.6 mm for the control sites and 2.2 and 1.9 mm for the test sites, respectively. Also, the mean reduction in BOP scores were higher in the VUS + CHX chip sites compared to VUS alone at 1, 3 and 6 months ( P < 0.05). PI scores were not significantly different between VUS + CHX chip sites and VUS alone sites at any visit. Conclusion: These data suggest that CHX chip application following SRP with the tested ultrasonic device is beneficial in improving periodontal parameters in patients on SPT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The aim of the present study was to evaluate non-submerged and submerged healing of ligature induced peri-implantitis in dogs. Material and Methods: Peri-implantitis was induced by ligature placement in five beagle dogs ( n=30 implants). The defects were randomly and equally allocated in a split-mouth design to either closed treatment+non-submerged healing (CNS), or open treatment+submerged healing (OS) using an Er:YAG laser (ERL), an ultrasonic device (VUS), or plastic curettes+local application of metronidazole gel (PCM), respectively. The animals were sacrificed after 3 months. Clinical, radiological and histological (e.g. new bone-to-implant contact (BIC)) parameters were assessed. Results: All treatment procedures resulted in statistically significant improvements of all clinical parameters at both CNS and OS implants. Radiological improvements were merely observed at OS implants. Histomorphometrical analysis revealed that all CNS implants exhibited comparable low amounts of new BIC (1.0–1.2%), while mean BIC was statistically significant higher in the respective OS groups [ERL (44.8%), PCM (14.8%), VUS (8.7%)]. Conclusion: Within the limits of the present study, it was concluded that (i) OS improved the outcome of treatment in comparison with CNS and (ii) ERL seemed to be more suitable to promote re-osseointegration than PCM and VUS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractObjective: The present study was performed to assess the effect of topically-applied PVP-iodine, used as an adjunct both during basic non-surgical therapy and at re-treatment during the long-term maintenance of patients with advanced periodontal disease. Material and Methods: 223 patients with advanced destructive periodontitis were recruited. The participants met the following inclusion criteria: (i) a minimum of 8 non-molar teeth, (ii) probing pocket depth of >=6 mm at >=2 teeth in each dentate quadrant, and radiographic bone loss exceeding 40% at the same teeth. A baseline I examination included assessment of plaque, gingivitis, probing pocket depth (PPD), probing attachment level (PAL) and radiographic bone height (R×BL). Following baseline I, the patients were stratified into 2 treatment groups; 2 subjects out of 3 were included in a control group and 1 in a test group. All participants, on an individual basis, received a case presentation and were instructed in proper self-performed plaque control measures. Non-surgical therapy was performed by the use of an ultrasonic device. The instrumentation in the test group was combined with the administration of 0.1% PVP-iodine. All subjects were recalled for comprehensive examinations 3, 6 and 12 months (baseline II) after baseline I and then after 3, 5 and 13 years of maintenance therapy. PAL determinations were performed annually. Subjects (losers) who at the re-examinations after 1, 2 and 3 years of maintenance demonstrated an annual further loss of PAL >=2 mm at >=4 teeth were exited from the study and referred for re-treatment. There were 9 losers in the test and 31 in the control group. In addition, 8 subjects in the test and 25 subjects in the control group withdrew from the trial for reasons unrelated to the study. These 73 subjects were not included in the data presentation from the various examinations. Results: It was demonstrated that non-surgical periodontal therapy resulted in (i)... [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Ultrasonic (US) devices are used in laparoscopic, dental, and spinal surgeries, while it is difficult to use for the joint under irrigation and perfusion solutions due to lack of power. A new US device is developed with greater voltage improvement and has been implemented in the arthroscopic field. The aim is to compare the characteristics of the US devices with the conventional ones in water. Methods: Twenty bone blocks from the porcine femur were settled in a holder in water. A 4.0 mm diameter abrader burr moved 15 mm along the long axis of the bone block in ten blocks for three times. A 4.3 mm wide curette blade powered by ultrasonic vibration was moved in the same manner in the other ten blocks. The gutter shape, including the gutter depth and the bottom angle of the gutter, and the curetted area ratio of the gutter were assessed. Forty bones blocks from the porcine femurs were clamped with a holder in water, while the cortical bone surface must be located on the side. A 5 mm diameter drill excavated the bone along the previously-inserted guide wire to the 15 mm depth for twenty blocks. Next, the US excavation probe of 5x4mm rectangular shape was moved to the same depth in the other twenty blocks. Each ten block was cut in half along the bone tunnel and was assessed the surface roughness at three area, while the cross-sectional area (CSA) of the tunnel were measured and the ratio of the measured CSA was calculated based on an expected CSA in the remaining ten blocks for each device. Results: The depth of curettage and bottom angle were significantly smaller with the US device than with the abrader burr at all planes, while the curetted area ratio created by each device was mostly equal to the other. Surface roughness was similar in two evacuating devices except one area. CSA ratio with the US excavation device was significantly smaller than that with the drill. Conclusion: US curettage has an advantage to flatly curette bone surfaces, while a bone tunnel can be accurately created with the US device. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]