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The adoption of online learning modalities has increasingly become prevalent, particularly with the advent of COVID-19, aiming to ensure student access to learning materials. This significant shift towards offering online educational formats compels educational institutions to alter their approach and develop curricula to guarantee an optimal student experience and satisfaction within the online environment. The aim of this research is to comprehensively examine the key factors that significantly impact the satisfaction of undergraduate students with online learning in Vietnamese universities. The quantitative research methodology was implemented through the collection of surveys from a total of 437 Vietnamese students. Utilizing the PLS-SEM statistical approach, the findings reveal that technology, communication, course, outcome, and motivation for learning have significant positive influences on students' satisfaction with online education during the COVID-19 pandemic, while the effect of instructors' attitude and the sudden change from traditional to online classes have been found with as nonsignificant. Valuable implications and practical recommendations are suggested for educational organizations and institutions in Vietnam to enhance specific activities that promote students' satisfaction with online learning and improve teaching methods provided by instructors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Three decades have passed since Warren and Marshall described the successful isolation and culture of Helicobacter pylori, the Gram-negative bacterium that colonizes the stomach of half the human population worldwide. Although it is documented that H. pylori infection is implicated in a range of disorders of the upper gastrointestinal tract, as well as associated organs, many aspects relating to host colonization, successful persistence, and the pathophysiological mechanisms of this bacteria still remain controversial and are constantly being explored. Unceasing efforts to decipher the pathophysiology of H. pylori infection have illuminated the crucially important contribution of multifarious bacterial factors for H. pylori pathogenesis, in particular the cag pathogenicity island ( PAI), the effector protein CagA, and the vacuolating cytotoxin VacA. In addition, recent studies have provided insight into the importance of the gastrointestinal microbiota on the cumulative pathophysiology associated with H. pylori infection. This review focuses on the key findings of publications related to the pathogenesis of H. pylori infection published during the last year, with an emphasis on factors affecting colonization efficiency, cag PAI, CagA, VacA, and gastrointestinal microbiota. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gastric cancer is a significant health problem in Asia. Although the prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection is similar in Bhutan, Vietnam, and Myanmar, the incidence of gastric cancer is highest in Bhutan, followed by Vietnam and Myanmar. We hypothesized that H. pylori virulence factors contribute to the differences. The status of cagA, vacA, jhp0562, and β-(1,3)galT(jhp0563) was examined in 371 H. pylori-infected patients from Bhutan, Vietnam, and Myanmar. Each virulence factor could not explain the difference of the incidence of gastric cancer. However, the prevalence of quadruple-positive for cagA, vacA s1, vacA m1, and jhp0562-positive/β-(1,3)galT-negative was significantly higher in Bhutan than in Vietnam and Myanmar and correlated with gastric cancer incidence. Moreover, gastritis-staging scores measured by histology of gastric mucosa were significantly higher in quadruple-positive strains. We suggest that the cagA, vacA s1, vacA m1, and jhp0562-positive/β-(1,3)galT-negative genotype may play a role in the development of gastric cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT This article presents a critique of Vietnam's agricultural modernization in the context of its post-socialist transition and the emerging climate crisis. Agricultural modernization has led to impressive rates of wealth creation that have pulled many Vietnamese out of poverty and food insecurity over the past two decades. However, the model's own logic of accumulation has also made the country increasingly reliant on complex processes and has locked in various technological path dependencies. These include energy- and input-intensive production, engineered landscapes, reduced agro-biodiversity, and weakened social networks, knowledge and skills. As a result, Vietnam is becoming more sensitive and less able to adapt to structural shocks, notably that of climate change. Furthermore, and crucially, the post-socialist transition since the launch of Đổ i mới (market reform) has given rise to a political economy with dominant interests increasingly vested in the continuity of this modernization model. The article argues that it is this new dynamics of class and state-society relations that now represents the main obstacle to the development of credible solutions to the climate crisis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel hydrazide, 2-methoxy-4-(3-methyfuroxan-4-yl)-5-nitrophenoxyacetylhydrazine, was prepared from isoeugenoxyacetic acid. The hydrazide was condensed with aromatic aldehydes to give a series of 20 hydrazide-hydrazones incorporating the furoxan ring. The structure of obtained compounds was determined by analytical and spectral data. It was demonstrated that the two sets of resonance signals in the 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR spectra of the examined hydrazide-hydrazones are caused by EN-C(O) and ZN-C(O) conformers. The energy barriers for the conformation exchange were determined by 1H-NMR-measurement at various temperatures. Among seven tested hydrazide-hydrazones, four compounds exhibit inhibition activities in vitro on human epidermis carcinoma (KB-cell) with IC50 = 47, 68, 79, and 103 μg/mL. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A two step one-pot sequence involving Ugi reaction followed by base promoted carbocyclization allows the synthesis of pyrrolopyridine (IV). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The novel protocol provides a wide range of secondary propargylamines equipped with diverse substituents in generally high yields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

isolation, structural elucidation and antiinflammatory activity of a new megastigmane glycoside, galloyl linarionoside A (I), along with 13 known compounds [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]