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Objective To investigate a potential role for overexpres-sion of the p53 protein in the identification of pTl bladder tumours destined to progress. Patients and methods The protein expression of the tumour suppressor gene p53, nuclear ploidy and tumour grade were studied in 25 patients with pTl bladder tumours. Follow-up data was available for 21 tumours over a 10 year period. p53 expression was determined by immuno-histochemistry on paraffin embedded sections and flow cytometry was performed on cell suspensions derived from the same blocks. z Results Ten of 21 (48%) tumours progressed to muscle invasive disease. Nuclear staining for the protein was seen in 16 (64%) tumours and of these nine (56%) progressed. All tumours with abnormal DNA content and all high grade tumours demonstrated overexpression of p53. Significantly more patients with high levels of p53 expression (> 10% nuclear staining) progressed compared with tumours with less than 10% of nuclei staining ( P= 0.007). However, grade was the most specific predictor of progression (100%), with all grade 3 tumours progressing and grade was also the most significant prognostic indicator in terms of survival ( P= 0.025). Conclusion Tumour grade is likely to remain as the most useful aid to management decisions in pTl bladder tumours. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Provides information on the development of a variety of cultivars. Names of the organizations that conducted the developments; Origination of the cultivars; Description of the cultivars.

Reports on the recognition of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade by the governments of Australia and New Zealand. Legalism of the treatment of the document; Application of the agreement in the operation of a free trade area; Coverage of duty reduction procedures by the agreement.

This investigation examines the application of a fully general equilibrium model to regional economic integration. It was undertaken to provide insights into the possible aggregative and inter-industry consequences of a proposed Free Trade Area between Australia and New Zealand. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Examines the effective rate of tariff protection and factor labor in Australia. Variables of tariff rates; Factors affecting discrimination between the independent variables; Measurement on the level of labor intensity on industries.