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Objective: The Traumatic Grief Inventory‐Self Report Plus (TGI‐SR+) measures the most recent prolonged grief disorder (PGD) symptom sets defined in the 11th edition of the International Statistical of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD‐11) and the text revision of the fifth edition of the Diagnostical and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM‐5‐TR). However, the TGI‐SR+ has not yet been translated and validated in Chinese. This study aims to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Chinese translation of the TGI‐SR+. Methods: We examined the Chinese TGI‐SR+'s factor structure, internal consistency, convergent validity, discriminant validity, known‐groups validity, and optimal clinical cut‐off scores in 443 Chinese bereaved adults. Results: Confirmatory factor analyses showed that the two‐factor models showed the best fit for the Chinese TGI‐SR+ items assessing ICD‐11 and DSM‐5‐TR prolonged grief symptoms. Items assessing ICD‐11 and DSM‐5‐TR prolonged grief symptoms demonstrated good internal consistency. Associations of TGI‐SR+ scores with symptom levels of prolonged grief (assessed by the International Prolonged Grief Disorder Scale), posttraumatic stress, anxiety, and depression supported convergent and discriminant validity. Associations with background/loss‐related variables provided evidence for known‐groups validity. Cut‐off points for probable ICD‐11 PGD (liberal scoring rule), probable ICD‐11 PGD (conservative scoring rule), and probable DSM‐5‐TR PGD were ≥67, ≥75, and ≥68, respectively. Discussion: The Chinese TGI‐SR+ appears to be a reliable and valid measure to assess prolonged grief symptoms per ICD‐11 and DSM‐5‐TR among Chinese bereaved adults. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chronic hepatitis B (CHB) is a prevalent disease with various negative consequences. The lived experience of coping and recovery of a patient with Chronic hepatitis B was explored in this study. A semistructured interview was conducted with one participant who had been recovered from Chronic hepatitis B for 10 years. Data were analyzed using interpretative phenomenological analysis. Five superordinate themes emerged, including lingering in the shadow of death anxiety, diminished functioning of the self, adopting a highly disciplined lifestyle, receiving social support, and the return of the self with scars. The findings revealed that the disease is deeply associated with moral standing, which means the diagnosis of Chronic hepatitis B might imply a loss of moral face for Chinese people living with the condition. Our findings point to the need for increasing knowledge about chronic hepatitis B, decoupling the disease from a moral standpoint, and providing a supportive environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to delineate changes in the patterns of prolonged grief severity in widowed adults following group bereavement interventions and to identify the predictive factors impacting these patterns. We performed a secondary analysis of data from a randomized trial of 125 Chinese widowed older adults who participated in either LOGBI or DPGBI. Self‐ratings of prolonged grief symptoms via Inventory of Complicated Grief (ICG) were subjected to latent class growth analysis to identify subgroups according to symptomatic changes among baseline, post‐treatment, and 8‐week follow‐up. Multinomial regression analysis examined whether participant classification could be predicted by demographics, loss‐related characteristics, and the relationship with the deceased and baseline symptom severity. In the results, intervention sample comprised 96 completers with an attendance greater than 60%. A three‐class categorization yielded the best model fit for changes in prolonged grief severity for both randomized and intervention samples: improved class (41.6% in the randomized sample, 42.8% in the intervention sample), partial responded class (48.1%/45.5%), and relapse class (10.3%/11.8%). Older widowed adults experiencing a high level of grief at baseline and bereavement following chronic illness had an elevated risk of symptomatic relapse after the completion of intervention. These findings indicated that Chinese widowed adults experienced different changing patterns of prolonged grief severity following group bereavement interventions. Practically, widowed adults with a higher risk of symptomatic relapse might need more intensive or longer term intervention or follow‐up support. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Given the severe mental health consequences that may ensue after bereavement, it is crucial to better understand malleable cognitive factors that are associated with poorer bereavement outcomes. Grief rumination (i.e., repetitive thinking about the causes and consequences of a loss) is a malleable cognitive process that is concurrently and longitudinally associated with postloss mental health problems. To assess grief rumination, the English and Dutch Utrecht Grief Rumination Scale (UGRS) were recently developed. The current study examined the reliability and validity of a Chinese version of the UGRS. Three hundred and ninety‐three Chinese adults (56% women) bereaved on average 16.88 months ago filled out online questionnaires assessing demographic and loss‐related characteristics, grief rumination (UGRS), trait rumination, trait mindfulness, and anxiety, depressive, and prolonged grief symptoms. Confirmatory factor analyses showed that a second‐order five‐factor hierarchical model provided the most optimal factor structure for the Chinese UGRS. UGRS total scale and subscale scores demonstrated acceptable internal consistency. Grief rumination had a moderate positive association with trait rumination and a low negative association with trait mindfulness, providing convergent and discriminant validity evidence. Test‐criterion validity evidence was also provided. UGRS scores could distinguish bereaved groups with different relationships with the deceased. Moreover, grief rumination was associated with symptoms of anxiety, depression, and prolonged grief even after controlling for demographic and loss‐related variables, trait rumination, and trait mindfulness. The Chinese UGRS appears a valid and reliable instrument to assess grief rumination in Chinese bereaved individuals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]