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In this article, a finite‐time optimal containment control method is proposed for nonlinear multi‐agent systems with prescribed performance. First, a neural network‐based reinforcement learning algorithm is developed under the optimized backstepping framework. The algorithm employs an identifier‐critic‐actor architecture, where the identifiers, critics and actors are used to estimate the unknown dynamics, evaluate the system performance, and optimize the system, respectively. Subsequently, in order to guarantee the transient performance of the tracking error, the original system is converted into an equivalent unconstrained system. Then, the tracking errors are allowed to converge to a prescribed set of residuals in finite time by combining prescribed performance control and finite‐time optimal control techniques. Furthermore, by using the Lyapunov stability theorem, it is verified that all signals are semi‐globally practical finite‐time stable, and all followers can converge to a convex region formed by multiple leaders. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed scheme is demonstrated by a practical example. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Topological phononics, a fascinating frontier in condensed matter physics, holds great promise for advancing energy‐related applications. Topologically nontrivial phonons typically possess gapless edge or surface states. These exotic states of lattice vibrations, characterized by their nontrivial topology, offer unique opportunities for manipulating and harnessing energy transport. The exploration of topological phonons opens new avenues in understanding and controlling thermal transport properties, with potential applications in fields such as thermoelectric materials, phononic devices, and waste heat recovery. Here, an overview of concepts such as Berry curvature and topological invariants, along with the applications of phonon tight‐binding method and nonequilibrium Green's function method in the field of topological phononics is provided. This review encompasses the latest research progress of various topological phonon states within crystalline materials, including topological optical phonons, topological acoustical phonons, and higher‐order topological phonons. Furthermore, the study delves into the prospective applications of topological phonons in the realm of thermoelectric conversion, focusing on aspects like size effects and symmetry engineering. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For a class of full‐states constraints nonlinear system with actuator failure, an adaptive fuzzy disturbance observer tracking design is carried out by using Lyapunov function and the dynamic surface method. The integral explosion problem is avoided by using the dynamic surface design method. Because the disturbance of the system is unknown, a nonlinear fuzzy disturbance observer is designed to estimate the unknown disturbance. And the unknown nonlinear function is approximated fuzzy logic systems. Based on the Lyapunov function method and backstepping approach, the stability of considered systems are analysed. And the proposed method can guarantee that all the signals in the closed‐loop system are bounded and the system output can track the desired signal to the small neighbourhood range. In addition, the fuzzy disturbance observer can estimate the unknown disturbance state well. Finally, several sets of simulation examples are given and compared with other method, and the experimental results are quantitatively analysed. Then, the robustness and superiority of the proposed control scheme are verified and demonstrated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Predicting and understanding travellers' mode choices is crucial to developing urban transportation systems and formulating traffic demand management strategies. Machine learning (ML) methods have been widely used as promising alternatives to traditional discrete choice models owing to their high prediction accuracy. However, a significant body of ML methods, especially the branch of neural networks, is constrained by overfitting and a lack of model interpretability. This study employs a neural network with feature selection for predicting travel mode choices and Shapley additive explanations (SHAP) analysis for model interpretation. A dataset collected in Chengdu, China was used for experimentation. The results reveal that the neural network achieves commendable prediction performance, with a 12% improvement over the traditional multinomial logit model. Also, feature selection using a combined result from two embedded methods can alleviate the overfitting tendency of the neural network, while establishing a more robust model against redundant or unnecessary variables. Additionally, the SHAP analysis identifies factors such as travel expenditure, age, driving experience, number of cars owned, individual monthly income, and trip purpose as significant features in our dataset. The heterogeneity of mode choice behaviour is significant among demographic groups, including different age, car ownership, and income levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study explores the dynamic journey of women as they become academics in non‐elite Chinese public universities. It focuses on their aspirations and the evolving subjectivity that accompanies this process. Ten participants from the Humanities and Social Sciences (HSS) fields, aged 28–57, were interviewed; the transcripts were analysed using reflexive thematic analysis. Adopting a Butlerian perspective, our findings identify two distinct subjectivities that shape Chinese women's decision to become academics: autonomous subjectivity driven by intrinsic desire and strategic subjectivity driven by instrumental desire. We argue that becoming an academic is a complex process influenced by regulatory power, including market forces, institutional and societal constraints, and gender norms, which shape the context in which the desire is pursued. It is essential to view this decision not only from the individual's perspective but also from the larger context within which it is made. This study contributes to the literature on gender equality in academia by interrogating the complexities of the decision‐making processes for Chinese women pursuing academic careers in non‐elite Chinese universities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Spin‐gapless semiconductors (SGS) are highly attractive for spintronics applications due to their unique spin‐polarized band structure. In this study, the potential SGS candidate of Mn2CoGa alloy is focused on by growing thin films using magnetron sputtering on Si(001)/SiO2 substrates. By applying appropriate heat treatment, the Mn2CoGa thin films can crystallize into the expected Heusler structure, as confirmed by the dominant (220) peak observed in X‐ray diffraction. These films exhibit soft magnetized behavior, with a saturation magnetization of approximately 1.86 μBf.u.−1 at 10 K. This value deviates slightly from the theoretical prediction, indicating the presence of antisite disorder within the film. The resistivity curve shows a negative temperature coefficient, which is attributed to the strong electron–electron interaction that is also connected to the disorder. Despite the presence of disorder, positive variation and sign reversal of the magnetoresistance are observed, along with a nearly vanishing anomalous Hall effect, both of which are typical characteristics of SGS. Compared to bulk Mn2CoGa, the carrier concentration is larger and the mobility is lower in the film, while similar temperature dependences are observed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Understanding the complete structure of noble metal nanoclusters is both academically and practically significant. However, progress has been hindered by the low synthetic efficiency of many nanocluster syntheses. In this study, we present the first high‐throughput syntheses of homo‐gold, homo‐copper, and gold‐copper alloy nanoclusters in dichloromethane at room temperature. Through high‐throughput screening, we successfully obtained three nanoclusters in a single reaction: Au18(SC6H11)14, [Au41Cu66(SC6H11)44](SbF6)3, and an unidentified copper cluster (referred to as Au18, Au41Cu66, and Cu−NC). The optimized synthesis route was achieved with the assistance of machine learning for experimental data analysis, which also guided the synthesis of other metal nanoclusters such as Au40Cu34(4‐S‐PhF)40 (Au40Cu34), [Au6Cu6(SPh)12]n ([Au6Cu6]n), and Au18Cu32(3,5‐C8H9S)36 (Au18Cu32)). This research demonstrates that high‐throughput screening can be a valuable tool in accelerating the development of nanocluster syntheses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Three‐dimensional asymmetric supercapacitors (3D ASC) have garnered significant attention due to their high operating window, theoretical energy density, and circularity. However, the practical application of 3D electrode materials is limited by brittleness and excessive dead volume. Therefore, we propose a controlled contraction strategy that regulates the pore structure of 3D electrode materials, eliminates dead volume in the 3D skeleton structure, and enhances mechanical strength. In this study to obtain reduced graphene oxide/manganese dioxide (rGO/MnO2) and reduced graphene oxide/carbon nanotube (rGO/CNT) composite aerogels with a stable and compact structure. MnO2 and CNT as nanogaskets, preventing the self‐stacking of graphene nanosheets during the shrinkage process. Additionally, the high specific capacitor nanogaskets significantly enhance the specific energy density of the rGO aerogel electrode. The prepared rGO/MnO2//rGO/CNT 3D ASC exhibits a high mass‐specific capacitance of 216.15 F g−1, a high mass energy density of 74 Wh kg−1 at 3.5 A g−1, and maintains a retention rate of capacitance at 99.89 % after undergoing 10,000 cycles of charge and discharge at 5 A g−1. The versatile and integrated assembly of 3D ASC units is achieved through the utilization of the robust mechanical structure of rGO‐based aerogel electrodes, employing a mortise and tenon structural design. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: The potential for totipotency exists in all plant cells; however, the underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. Earlier findings have revealed that the overexpression of LEAFY COTYLEDON 2 (LEC2) can directly trigger the formation of somatic embryos on the cotyledons of Arabidopsis. Furthermore, cotyledon cells that overexpress LEC2 accumulate significant lipid reserves typically found in seeds. The precise mechanisms and functions governing lipid accumulation in this process remain unexplored.In this study, we demonstrate that WRINKLED1 (WRI1), the key regulator of lipid biosynthesis, is essential for somatic embryo formation, suggesting that WRI1‐mediated lipid biosynthesis plays a crucial role in the transition from vegetative to embryonic development.Our findings indicate a direct interaction between WRI1 and LEC2, which enhances the enrichment of LEC2 at downstream target genes and stimulates their induction. Besides, our data suggest that WRI1 forms a complex with LEC1, LEC2, and FUSCA3 (FUS3) to facilitate the accumulation of auxin and lipid for the somatic embryo induction, through strengthening the activation of YUCCA4 (YUC4) and OLEOSIN3 (OLE3) genes.Our results uncover a regulatory module controlled by WRI1, crucial for somatic embryogenesis. These findings provide valuable insights into our understanding of plant cell totipotency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: Species–area relationships (SAR) are widely utilized for estimating the species richness and its spatial turnover across various scales. Despite the prevalent characterization of SAR using the power law in many microbial community studies, its efficacy remains unvalidated. This study aims to characterize the microbial SAR and its mechanisms in alpine grassland soils on the Qinghai‐Tibet Plateau (QTP). Location: Qinghai‐Tibet Plateau, China. Time Period: August 2014. Major Taxa Studied: Soil bacteria. Methods: Soil samples were collected from five alpine grassland sites on the QTP. Employing a nested sampling strategy at each site, soil samples were collected in plot sizes ranging from 0.5 × 0.5 m2 to 2048 × 2048 m2. Soil bacterial communities were analysed by sequencing 16S ribosomal RNA gene amplicons using an Illumina MiSeq. Results: The bacterial SAR exhibited a logarithmic power law (R2: 0.952–0.999), outperforming the power law (R2: 0.701–0.852). Consequently, the most widely adopted power law led to an overestimation of species richness by up to 15.07% in areas >256 × 256 m2, and the regional maximum theoretical richness based on Chao1 by up to 9.88%. Mechanistically, the passive sampling hypothesis was refuted through the rarefied species richness analysis, and the disproportionate effect hypothesis was rejected based on analyses of the effective numbers of species number conversions for the probability of interspecific encounters (SPIE). Notably, Pearson and multiple linear regression analyses indicated that the spatial turnover of bacterial richness was determined by the environmental heterogeneity (R2: 0.855–0.999), rather or better than environmental variables themselves, supporting the 'environment heterogeneity hypothesis'. Main Conclusions: Soil bacterial SAR in alpine grasslands exhibited a logarithmic power relationship. Spatial turnover was primarily governed by the environmental heterogeneity. In contrast, the traditional power law leads to an overestimation of soil bacterial diversity at the regional scale. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We examined the moderating effect of regulatory foci on the efficacy of episodic future thinking in reducing delay discounting. We hypothesized that the impact of imagining positive future events (vs. recent positive events) on delay discounting of gains would be stronger for individuals with a high promotion focus than for those with a high prevention focus (Hypothesis 1). Conversely, the effects of imagining adverse future events (vs. recent negative events) on delay discounting of losses would be stronger for individuals with a high prevention focus than for those with a high promotion focus (Hypothesis 2). We conducted two experiments in which participants, randomly allocated to episodic future thinking (EFT) or episodic recent thinking (ERT) groups, completed a delayed discounting task of gain (Experiment 1) or loss (Experiment 2). Experiment 1 (N = 73) weakly supported Hypothesis 1; Experiment 2 (N = 99) did not support Hypothesis 2. Our findings suggest positive EFT is particularly effective for individuals with a high promotion focus compared to individuals with a high prevention focus, which further reveals how EFT attenuates delay discounting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Accurate detection of violations in the process of high‐altitude operation plays an essential role in improving the safety production level of distribution network work. The basis of detecting violations in work at high altitude is to accurately measure the ground height of relevant workers and tools. Therefore, in this study, a method of on‐site elevation measurement in distribution network based on the combination of atmospheric pressure measurement and climbing motion detection is proposed. Through the atmospheric pressure sensor installed on the operator, the accurate value of the altitude change of the operator in a short time can be obtained. At the same time, the acceleration sensor and SVM classifier are used to identify the climbing action of the operator, and the CDHA algorithm is proposed to accumulate the height changes measured by the atmospheric pressure sensor when the operator climbs, so as to obtain the height value of the operator relative to the ground. At the same time, the problem that the height measurement results of the atmospheric pressure sensor drift significantly after a long time of operation is solved. The experimental results show that the average measurement error of the operator's height above the ground by this method is 0.33 m, which is better than the existing comparison methods, and further verifies the validity of the proposed method in accurately determining the height of operator off the ground. © 2024 Institute of Electrical Engineer of Japan and Wiley Periodicals LLC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Peritoneal dialysis(PD) is one of the most efficient methods in end‐stage kidney disease, and it is very important for PD to perform well. No research has been conducted to evaluate the effect of various types of PD catheters on the prognosis of post‐operative wound complications. While recent meta‐analyses are in favour of straight tubing, there is still uncertainty as to whether direct or coiled PD is beneficial. The purpose of this meta‐analysis was to compare the efficacy of direct and coiled PD catheters on the incidence of post‐operative wound infection, bleeding and peritonitis. A comprehensive search was carried out on three databases, including PubMed and Embase, and a manual search was carried out on the links in the paper. The results showed that the incidence rate of bleeding after operation and the degree of infection among the straight and coiled pipes were compared. The results showed that there were no statistically significant differences in the incidence of post‐operative wound infection among straight PD patients with coiled PD (OR, 0.79; 95% CI, 0.58–1.08 p = 0.13). No statistical significance was found in the case of PD with coiled tubing compared with that of straight PD group in wound leakage (OR, 1.17; 95% CI, 0.71–1.93 p = 0.55). No statistically significantly different rates of post‐operative peritonitis were observed for coiled tubing compared with straight ones in PD patients (OR, 1.06; 95% CI, 0.78–1.45 p = 0.7). There is no statistical significance on the rate of wound infection, wound leakage and peritonitis among coiled and straight tube in PD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We examined the moderating effect of regulatory foci on the efficacy of episodic future thinking in reducing delay discounting. We hypothesized that the impact of imagining positive future events (vs. recent positive events) on delay discounting of gains would be stronger for individuals with a high promotion focus than for those with a high prevention focus (Hypothesis 1). Conversely, the effects of imagining adverse future events (vs. recent negative events) on delay discounting of losses would be stronger for individuals with a high prevention focus than for those with a high promotion focus (Hypothesis 2). We conducted two experiments in which participants, randomly allocated to episodic future thinking (EFT) or episodic recent thinking (ERT) groups, completed a delayed discounting task of gain (Experiment 1) or loss (Experiment 2). Experiment 1 (N = 73) weakly supported Hypothesis 1; Experiment 2 (N = 99) did not support Hypothesis 2. Our findings suggest positive EFT is particularly effective for individuals with a high promotion focus compared to individuals with a high prevention focus, which further reveals how EFT attenuates delay discounting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We examined the effects of episodic future thinking related to achieving important learning goals on university students' learning intentions. Japanese university students (N = 70) participated in this experiment. Participants in the episodic future thinking condition were asked to imagine and describe events they would experience if they achieved their goals. In the semantic future thinking condition, we asked participants to describe their future selves after university graduation and rate the relevance of their future selves to their learning goals. Participants were then asked to respond to the learning intentions measures. Participants in the control condition responded to the measures of learning intentions after completing a questionnaire unrelated to future thinking. When the importance of goal attainment was high, participants in the episodic future thinking condition planned to study for significantly longer than those in the other conditions. Episodic future thinking related to achieving important learning goals strengthens learning intentions more than simple awareness of the future self and learning goals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Shuangyuangou copper deposit is located in the southern segment of the Qinling orogenic belt in central China. The ore‐related intrusions include quartz diorite porphyry, granite porphyry and lamprophyre. In this study, we present whole‐rock geochemistry, zircon U–Pb geochronology, trace elements and Lu–Hf isotope data on the Shuangyuangou intrusions which provide critical constraints on the emplacement age, magma origin, petrogenesis and implications for porphyry Cu mineralization in this newly discovered deposit. Zircon U–Pb dating constrains the emplacement age of quartz diorite porphyry, lamprophyre and granite porphyry at 150–147 Ma. The quartz diorite porphyry and granite porphyry display high‐K calc–alkaline I‐type granite affiliation. The rocks show enrichment of LREE and LILE (Rb, Ba), depletion in HREE and HFSE (Nb, Ta, Ti) and absence of Eu anomaly. Zircon εHf(t) values of quartz diorite porphyry, lamprophyre and granite porphyry range from −7.5 to −1.7 with TDM2 ages of 1.3–1.6 Ga. Our data suggest that the parental magma was derived from partial melting of juvenile lower crust and metasomatic lithospheric mantle, with more involvement of mantle material for the lamprophyre. The zircon Eu/Eu* values of 0.55–0.78 suggest high magmatic water content which suppresses the fractionation of plagioclase. In addition, the ΔFMQ values calculated from zircon trace elements range from −0.90 to 2.96 which is a favourable factor for porphyry Cu mineralization at Shuangyuangou. The Late Jurassic Shuangyuangou intrusion and associated Cu mineralization were formed within an intracontinental setting after the collisional assembly of the Qinling orogenic belt. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Engrailed 2 (EN2) is a homeodomain‐containing protein that is dysregulated in many types of cancer. However, the role of EN2 in non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and the mechanism underlying its biological function are largely unclear. Here, we showed that EN2 played an oncogenic function in NSCLC and greatly enhanced the malignant phenotype of NSCLC cells. Meanwhile, EN2 was able to boost the expression of a well‐studied oncogenic Tenascin‐C (TNC) gene, which in turn activated the AKT signaling pathway. Interestingly, we found that EN2 directly bound to the super‐enhancer (SE) region in the TNC locus. The histone marker H3K27ac was also enriched in the region, indicating the activation of the SE. Treatment of the cells with JQ1, an inhibitor of SE activity, abrogated the effect of EN2 on the expression of TNC and phosphorylation of AKT‐Ser473. Collectively, our work unveils a novel mode of EN2 function, in which EN2 governs the SE in the TNC locus, consequently activating the oncogenic TNC–AKT axis in NSCLC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An optically transparent and angularly stable frequency selective surface (FSS) with a broad stopband is introduced for addressing millimeter wave (mmW) electromagnetic interference. The unique FSS unit cell pattern incorporates a cross patch with Y‐shaped branches, effectively broadening the bandwidth and enhancing the angular stability. Utilizing transparent conductive indium tin oxide deposited on both sides of a glass substrate enables the FSS to reflect and absorb electromagnetic waves. Consequently, the proposed FSS exhibits an exceptionally wide stopband ranging from 18.7 to 40.2 GHz, featuring an insertion loss of 14 dB and maintaining stable angular response up to 60° for both transverse electric and transverse magnetic polarizations. Moreover, an equivalent circuit model is developed to characterize the stopband behavior of the FSS. Finally, measurements conducted on a physical prototype of the proposed FSS validate its effectiveness, showing good agreement with the simulation results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Trans‐North China Orogen (TNCO) is a major Palaeoproterozoic collisional orogen in the North China Craton and has experienced complex tectonic evolution during the assembly of the Eastern and Western Blocks. The vestiges of subducted oceanic crust preserved in this orogen can be used to gain insights into the subduction–collision process associated with the Palaeoproterozoic orogeny. In this study, we investigate garnet amphibolites from the Wanzi Group in the Fuping Complex along the TNCO through integrated petrography, mineral chemistry, phase equilibrium modelling and zircon U–Pb geochronology. Three stages of metamorphic mineral assemblages are identified as follows: (i) the prograde assemblage is preserved as plagioclase, amphibole, biotite and quartz inclusions in garnet porphyroblasts; (ii) the peak mineral assemblage includes coarse‐grained amphibole, garnet, plagioclase, ilmenite, biotite and quartz; and (iii) the retrograde assemblage is mainly represented by the corona of amphibole, plagioclase and biotite in the matrix. Petrological features and phase equilibrium modelling define a clockwise pressure–temperature path involving a prograde stage of 7.2–9.6 kbar and <670°C, peak conditions of 10.0–10.2 kbar and 690–810°C, and a retrograde stage with near‐isothermal decompression to ~7.4 kbar and cooling. Zircon U–Pb dating shows weighted mean ages of 1848 ± 22 Ma and 1836 ± 31 Ma, representing the growth of zircon in the retrograde stage during the uplift and cooling process. In combination with available data from the TNCO, the post‐peak decompression and cooling process is inferred to be long‐lived during 1.90–1.76 Ga, following collision along the TNCO that occurred during 1.97–1.90 Ga, ultimately leading to the final assembly of the North China Craton. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the emergence of the Omicron variant, the number of pediatric Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID‐19) cases requiring hospitalization and developing severe or critical illness has significantly increased. Machine learning and multivariate logistic regression analysis were used to predict risk factors and develop prognostic models for severe COVID‐19 in hospitalized children with the Omicron variant in this study. Of the 544 hospitalized children including 243 and 301 in the mild and severe groups, respectively. Fever (92.3%) was the most common symptom, followed by cough (79.4%), convulsions (36.8%), and vomiting (23.2%). The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that age (1–3 years old, odds ratio (OR): 3.193, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.778–5.733], comorbidity (OR: 1.993, 95% CI:1.154–3.443), cough (OR: 0.409, 95% CI:0.236–0.709), and baseline neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (OR: 1.108, 95% CI: 1.023–1.200), lactate dehydrogenase (OR: 1.993, 95% CI: 1.154–3.443), blood urea nitrogen (OR: 1.002, 95% CI: 1.000–1.003) and total bilirubin (OR: 1.178, 95% CI: 1.005–3.381) were independent risk factors for severe COVID‐19. The area under the curve (AUC) of the prediction models constructed by multivariate logistic regression analysis and machine learning (RandomForest + TomekLinks) were 0.7770 and 0.8590, respectively. The top 10 most important variables of random forest variables were selected to build a prediction model, with an AUC of 0.8210. Compared with multivariate logistic regression, machine learning models could more accurately predict severe COVID‐19 in children with Omicron variant infection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a joint pain and dysfunction syndrome resulting from severe joint degeneration. Inflammation and degeneration of the articular cartilage are two main features of OA and have tight interactions during OA progression. Conventional treatment with nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs has been widely utilized clinically, whereas the side effects have restricted their application. Forsythoside B has been found with anti‐inflammatory effects and antiapoptosis in inflammatory diseases, whereas in OA it remains poorly understood. Interleukin (IL)−1β (10 ng/mL) was taken to induce an OA cell model on HC‐A chondrocytes and an OA rat model was constructed for in vivo experiments. Forsythoside B was adopted to treat HC‐A chondrocytes and OA rats. As shown by the data, Forsythoside B hampered IL‐1β‐elicited rat chondrocyte apoptosis, oxidative stress, and facilitated proliferation. The profiles of inflammatory factors, NOD‐like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 inflammasomes, Kelch‐like epichlorohydrin‐associated protein‐1 (Keap1), and nuclear factor‐κB (NF‐κB) phosphorylation were suppressed by Forsythoside B, whereas the nuclear factor E2‐related factor 2 (Nrf2) and heme oxygenase‐1 (HO‐1) levels were promoted. Further, Forsythoside B mitigated cartilage damage and degeneration. Moreover, the oxidative stress and inflammation mediators in the cartilage tissue of OA rats were remarkably abated. Collectively, Forsythoside B hinders the NF‐κB and Keap1/Nrf2/HO‐1 pathways to curb IL‐1β‐elicited OA rat oxidative stress and inflammation both in vivo and ex vivo, ameliorating OA development. All over, this study provides an underlying strategy for treating OA, which might help the clinical treatment of OA patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Dental development is a complex long‐term biological process, significant attention should be paid to the dental development and health of this critical time window in childhood for the oral health of the whole life cycle. Aim: This study aimed to conduct bibliometric studies on the scientific outputs of global dental development research by the CiteSpace software. Design: The global scientific outputs about dental development between January 1, 2012, and December 31, 2021, retrieved from Web of Science Core Collection, CiteSpace, and Microsoft Excel were applied for this bibliometric study. Results: A total of 3746 reviews and articles were obtained from the Web of Science core database for exploring the basic publication characteristics, hotspots, and frontiers of this research field. The results showed that dental development is gaining more researcher's attention over time. In terms of countries, the USA and China were the major contributors to this research area. At the institutional level, Sichuan University ranked first. Meanwhile, international cooperation across regions was quite active. The Journal of Dental Research has exerted a broad and far‐reaching influence on dental development research in both publications and citations. James P Simmer, Jungwook Kim, Charles E Smith, and Jan CC Hu are among the most influential scholars in this field. Finally, the future hotspots were proposed, covering three directions: dental analysis, tooth development, and post‐translational phosphorylation of histones. Conclusion: In the past decade, the field of dental development has developed rapidly, and the cooperation between scholars, institutions, and researchers has become increasingly close. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tumor microenvironment (TME)‐triggered phototheranostic platform offers a feasible strategy to improve cancer diagnosis accuracy and minimize treatment side effects. Developing a stable and biocompatible molecular phototheranostic platform for TME‐activated second near‐infrared (NIR‐II) fluorescence imaging‐guided multimodal cascade therapy is a promising strategy for creating desirable anticancer agents. Herein, a new NIR‐II fluorescence imaging‐guided activatable molecular phototheranostic platform (IR‐FEP‐RGD‐S‐S‐S‐Fc) is presented for actively targeted tumor imaging and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) gas‐enhanced chemodynamic‐hypothermal photothermal combined therapy (CDT/HPTT). It is revealed for the first time that the coupling distance between IR‐FE and ferrocene is proportional to the photoinduced electron transfer (PET), and the aqueous environment is favorable for PET generation. The part of Cyclic‐RGDfK (cRGDfk) peptides can target the tumor and benefit the endocytosis of nanoparticles. The high‐concentration glutathione (GSH) in the TME will separate the fluorescence molecule and ferrocene by the GSH‐sensitive trisulfide bond, realizing light‐up NIR‐II fluorescence imaging and a cascade of trimodal synergistic CDT/HPTT/gas therapy (GT). In addition, the accumulation of hydroxyl radicals (•OH) and down‐regulation of glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) can produce excessive harmful lipid hydroperoxides, ultimately leading to ferroptosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To evaluate the performance of existing sepsis scores for prediction of adverse outcomes in children with cancer admitted to the ICU with suspected sepsis. Design: Retrospective chart review using data available at 1, 6, 12, and 24 h after ICU admission to calculate the Pediatric Risk of Mortality 3 (PRISM‐3), Pediatric Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (pSOFA), Paediatric Logistic Organ Dysfunction 2 (PELOD‐2), and Quick Pediatric Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (qSOFA) scores. Area under the receiver operator characteristic curve (AUROC) was used to evaluate performance for prediction of attributable mortality. Sensitivity analyses included recalculation of scores using worst preceding values for each variable, excluding hematologic parameters, and prediction of alternative outcomes. Setting: St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, a pediatric comprehensive cancer center in the USA. Patients: Pediatric patients (<25 years of age) receiving conventional therapy for cancer admitted to the ICU with suspected sepsis between 2013 and 2019. Results: Of 207 included episodes of suspected sepsis, attributable mortality was 16 (7.7%) and all evaluated sepsis scores performed poorly (maximal AUROC of 0.73 for qSOFA at 1 and 24 h). Sensitivity analyses did not identify an alternative approach that significantly improved prediction. Conclusions: Currently available sepsis scores perform poorly for prediction of attributable mortality in children with cancer who present to ICU with suspected sepsis. More research is needed to identify reliable predictors of adverse outcomes in this population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: With the aging population and the ongoing pandemic, older persons account for a large proportion of ICU admissions. Despite numerous studies on the impact of COVID‐19 on older persons, there has been a small body of research investigating nursing practice with critically ill older patients admitted to ICU for COVID‐19. Aims: To explore current challenges in the nursing care of older persons with severe COVID‐19 through the experience of frontline nurses. Study Design: A qualitative descriptive design was used. In‐depth and semi‐structured interviews with 18 ICU nurses were conducted to explore the experience of providing care for older persons with severe COVID‐19 in the Omicron wave. A content analysis approach was adopted to analyse qualitative data. Findings: Three themes emerged as follows: (1) no plan survives first contact with the enemy, (2) expectations versus Reality and (3) difficulty in providing holistic care. Conclusions: Challenges could be encountered in different stages of providing care for older persons with severe COVID‐19, including the preparation and training of knowledge and skills in the early stage, the challenges posed by old age in the diagnostic and treatment stage and the challenges of psychological care and rehabilitation care. Relevance to Clinical Practice: With the regular prevention and control of COVID‐19, our study provides guidance for establishing measures (training courses of ICU nurses) to improve the nursing quality of older persons with severe COVID‐19. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Organic substitution management (OSM) is critical for soil conservation and nitrogen efficiency. However, integrated assessment of soil quality and crop productivity under paddy‐upland rotation systems after OSM introduction is still lacking. Here, soil nitrogen‐related properties and crop nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) were evaluated in 2018, 2019, and 2020, based on a long‐term rice‐fava bean rotation experiment started in 2015. In comparison to chemical fertilization, OSM increased total soil nitrogen (TN) and available nitrogen (AN) by 13.1% and 13.8%, respectively, during the rice season, and by 16.3% and 15.9% during the fava bean season. However, NUE, nitrogen recovery efficiency (NRE), and nitrogen agronomic efficiency (NAE) all showed season‐specific responses to OSM. OSM decreased NUE, NRE, and NAE by 18.2%, 37.5%, and 26.2% in the rice season but increased by 8.0%, 231.0%, and 184.1% in the fava bean season. From the rotation system scale, there were no significant differences in NUE and nitrogen surplus between the treatments. We suggest that the differences in soil conditions and crop requirements between seasons play significant roles in the response of nitrogen accumulation and nitrogen utilization to OSM. Based on these differences, OSM achieves inter‐seasonal synergy in soil N pools and crop uptake, and results in yield stabilization and soil nitrogen accumulation. Because of its high capacity for improving soil quality while ensuring no yield reduction, OSM has the potential to curb regional soil degradation in paddy‐upland rotation areas where there is increasing demand for food and chemical fertilizers are currently abused. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: This study aimed to investigate the causal interaction between significant sensorimotor network (SMN) regions and other brain regions in Parkinson's disease patients with drooling (droolers). Methods: Twenty‐one droolers, 22 PD patients without drooling (non‐droolers), and 22 matched healthy controls underwent 3T‐MRI resting‐state scans. We performed independent component analysis and Granger causality analysis to determine whether significant SMN regions help predict other brain areas. Pearson's correlation was computed between imaging characteristics and clinical characteristics. ROC curves were plotted to assess the diagnostic performance of effective connectivity (EC). Results: Compared with non‐droolers and healthy controls, droolers showed abnormal EC of the right caudate nucleus (CAU.R) and right postcentral gyrus to extensive brain regions. In droolers, increased EC from the CAU.R to the right middle temporal gyrus was positively correlated with MDS‐UPDRS, MDS‐UPDRS II, NMSS, and HAMD scores; increased EC from the right inferior parietal lobe to CAU.R was positively correlated with MDS‐UPDRS score. ROC curve analysis showed that these abnormal ECs are of great significance in diagnosing drooling in PD. Conclusion: This study identified that PD patients with drooling have abnormal EC in the cortico‐limbic‐striatal‐cerebellar and cortio‐cortical networks, which could be potential biomarkers for drooling in PD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: Vitamin D3 has been implicated in multiple reproductive events, whereas the effect of its bioactive metabolite 1α, 25 dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH) 2D3) on transcriptome profile of the placenta is unclear. The aim of this article is to determine transcriptome‐wide profile caused by 1,25(OH) 2D3 in human placental trophoblast cells. Methods: We performed RNA sequencing after stimulation of HTR‐8/SVneo cells with 0.1, 1, 10, and 100 nM 1,25(OH)2D3 for 24 h, identified differentially expressed genes by edgeR package (version 3.38.4), and analyzed Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways by webtool Metascape. Also, common genes and specific genes in different concentrations of 1,25(OH) 2D3 were identified. Results: There were 180, 158, 161, and 174 differentially expressed genes after 0.1, 1, 10, and 100 nM 1,25(OH) 2D3 stimulation, respectively. KEGG pathway analysis displayed that "lipid and atherosclerosis" were significantly enriched at 0.1 and 1 nM 1,25(OH)2D3, while "cytokine‐cytokine receptor interaction," "TGF‐beta signaling pathway" and "hippo signaling pathway" were significantly enriched in 1, 10, and 100 nM 1,25(OH)2D3. CYP24A1 was a significantly expressed common gene. UCP3 was significantly expressed in low concentrations and might affect energy metabolism. TCF24, EIF3CL, ABCD2, EPHA7, CRLF1, and SECTM1 were specific genes at physiological concentration. Similarly, SPDYE1, IQUB, IL18R1, and ZNF713 were considered as specific genes at supraphysiological concentration. Conclusions: 1,25(OH)2D3 mainly affected the expression of CYP24A1 gene in HTR‐8/SVneo cells. Specific genes accounted for the majority of differentially expressed genes at different concentrations. However, their functions need to be further confirmed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Tethys domain preserves one of the largest continent‐continent collisional orogenic belts on Earth. This belt can be divided into the Proterozoic to Palaeozoic Proto‐Tethyan orogenic belt, Late Palaeozoic to Triassic Palaeo‐Tethyan orogenic belt and Triassic to Cenozoic Meso‐ and Neo‐Tethyan orogenic belts. The Tethyan metallogenic domain, representing one of the three major metallogenic domains in the world, extends more than 10,000 km from east to west and has developed world‐class ore belts, such as the South‐east Asia tin ore belt, Sanjiang metallogenic belt in South‐west China, Gangdese–Pakistan–Iran porphyry copper belt and South‐east Europe epithermal gold belt. The geology of the Tethys domain has been studied for more than 100 years and many important advances have been made recently, although scientific issues remain controversial. This thematic section of Geological Journal contains 10 articles focusing on the formation of rocks and ore deposits, including petrology and geochemistry of magmatic, metamorphic and sedimentary rocks, and the formation mechanism of mineral deposits in the Eastern Tethyan Realm. These articles reflect new progress in related studies and provide important reference for future studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Accumulating evidence supports the hypothesis that white matter (WM) abnormalities are involved in the pathophysiology of bulimia nervosa (BN); however, findings from in vivo neuroimaging studies have been inconsistent. We aimed to investigate the possible brain WM alterations, including WM volume and microstructure, in patients with BN. We recruited 43 BN patients and 31 healthy controls (HCs). All participants underwent structural and diffusion tensor imaging. Differences in WM volume and microstructure were evaluated using voxel‐based morphometry, tract‐based spatial statistics, and automated fibre quantification analysis. Compared with HCs, BN patients showed significantly decreased fractional anisotropy in the middle part of the corpus callosum (nodes 31–32) and increased mean diffusivity in the right cranial nerve V (CN V) (nodes 27–33 and nodes 55–88) and vertical occipital fasciculus (VOF) (nodes 58–85). Moreover, we found decreased axial diffusivity in the right inferior fronto‐occipital fasciculus (node 67) and increased radial diffusivity in the CN V (nodes 22–34 and nodes 52–89) and left VOF (nodes 60–66 and nodes 81–85). Meanwhile, WM microstructural changes were correlated with patients' clinical manifestations. We did not find any significant differences in WM volume and the main WM fibre bundle properties between BN patients and HCs. Taken together, these findings provide that BN shows significant brain WM reorganization, but primarily in microstructure (part of WM fibre bundle), which is not sufficient to cause changes in WM volume. The automated fibre quantification analysis could be more sensitive to detect the subtle pathological changes in a point or segment of the WM fibre bundle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores the experiences of male and female academics in China's higher education system concerning career progression and examines how they perceive the challenges faced by the opposite gender. Our analysis of interviews with 40 academics from a research university revealed that academics' experience of career progression is informed by gendered divisions of labour at home and work and by gendered role expectations that are prevalent in Chinese culture. Female academics reported performing a disproportionate amount of household work: some felt satisfied with having moderately successful academic careers, whereas others aspired to do more but grappled with the difficulties of doing so. In contrast, male academics mentioned great pressure to pursue promotion and career progression: they reported feeling less work–family stress but were fearful of failing in their role as breadwinners. Male and female academics showed mixed comprehension of each other's plight, but in general, female academics recognised that male academics faced higher career expectations but lower household burdens, and male academics felt that female academics had lower career expectations and many more burdens and constraints. Male academics tended to stress biological and societal reasons for gender differences in Chinese academia, whereas female academics highlighted the power of cultural and social beliefs. We argue that the challenges faced by Chinese academics can only be mitigated if gender‐specific promotion paths that recognise men's and women's social roles and obligations are made available. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Acute lung injury (ALI) is an adverse disease of the respiratory system, and one of its prevalent causes is sepsis induction. Cell pyroptosis facilitates the progression of ALI and lncRNAs play critical roles in ALI. Thus, this research seeks to investigate the specific mechanism of NEAT1 in sepsis‐ALI.BEAS‐2B cells were exposed to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to construct a cell model of sepsis‐induced ALI. The gene and protein expression were assessed using qRT‐PCR and western blot. Cell viability was identified by CCK‐8. Cell death was discovered using PI staining. The secretion of IL‐1β and IL‐18 was examined using ELISA. The interconnections among NEAT1, miR‐26a‐5p, and ROCK1 were confirmed using starbase, luciferase assay, and RIP.LPS treatment augmented NEAT1 and ROCK1 levels while mitigating miR‐26a‐5p level in BEAS‐2B cells. Additionally, LPS treatment facilitated cell death and cell pyroptosis, whereas NEAT1 silencing could reverse these effects in BEAS‐2B cells. Mechanistically, NEAT1 positively mediated ROCK1 expression by targeting miR‐26a‐5p. Furthermore, miR‐26a‐5p inhibitor offset NEAT1 depletion‐mediated suppressive effects on cell death and cell pyroptosis. ROCK1 upregulation decreased the inhibitory impacts produced by miR‐26a‐5p overexpression on cell death and cell pyroptosis. Our outcomes demonstrated NEAT1 could reinforce LPS‐induced cell death and cell pyroptosis by repressing the miR‐26a‐5p/ROCK1 axis, thereby worsening ALI caused by sepsis. Our data indicated NEAT1, miR‐26a‐5p, and ROCK1 might be biomarkers and target genes for relieving sepsis‐induced ALI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The southwest mountainous region of China has been characterized as one of the worldwide biodiversity hotspots, but mechanisms underlying diversification of organisms in this region are still not clear. We assessed whether fragmented mountainous habitats and Pleistocene climate changes impacted the genetic diversity and diversification patterns of the hoary bamboo rat (Rhizomys pruinosus Blyth), a widely distributed species of rodent in SW China. Genetic diversity analyses were undertaken based on four mitochondrial DNA regions and 12 nuclear microsatellite loci (simple sequence repeats), representing 153 individuals from 24 populations across SW China. Moreover, we investigated correlations between genotype and geographical components, and predicted species distribution models for R. pruinosus under the historical and present climate conditions. Both mitochondrial DNA and simple sequence repeat markers revealed substantial genetic diversity and strong differentiation between populations. Phylogeographical analyses revealed two phylogenetic clades that were consistent with their geographical distributions (eastern and western clades). We inferred that the divergence of R. pruinosus was largely driven by Quaternary climatic oscillations and regionally fragmented mountainous habitats with environmental and geographical heterogeneity. Overall, our study revealed diversification patterns of R. pruinosus—patterns that may be shared by small alpine vertebrates in SW China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To evaluate the location and characterization value of contrast‐enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) in the detection of sentinel lymph nodes (SLNs) in malignant melanoma. Methods: SLNs and the lymph node network were tracked by subcutaneous injection of ultrasonic contrast agent around the tumor and preoperative localization, and qualitative analyses were performed. The SLNs were also detected by the intraoperative subcutaneous injection of carbon nanoparticles, and the findings were compared with lymph nodes located by CEUS. The accuracy of the preoperative lymph node identification was evaluated by the results of postoperative pathology, which served as the gold standard of detection. Results: In 47 patients with malignant melanoma, the mean number of SLNs detected by CEUS was 1.72 ± 0.10, while that by carbon nanoparticle administration it was 1.79 ± 1.07 (P =.371 >.05). Seven cases of lymph node metastasis were detected by CEUS, with a sensitivity of 70.0%, specificity of 97.3%, positive predictive value of 87.5%, negative predictive value of 92.3%, and accuracy of 91.5%. There was high consistency between the findings of CEUS and pathology in differentiating benign and malignant lymph nodes (kappa = 0.726, χ2 = 25.243, P <.001). Conclusions: CEUS can localize and differentiate SLNs in malignant melanoma, and thus, may potentially guide clinical treatment in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Microplastic (MP) pollution is one of the greatest threats to marine ecosystems. Cold seeps are characterized by methane‐rich fluid seepage fueling one of the richest ecosystems on the seafloor, and there are approximately more than 900 cold seeps globally. While the long‐term evolution of MPs in cold seeps remains unclear. Here, how MPs have been deposited in the Haima cold seep since the invention of plastics is demonstrated. It is found that the burial rates of MPs in the non‐seepage areas significantly increased since the massive global use of plastics in the 1930s, nevertheless, the burial rates and abundance of MPs in the methane seepage areas are much lower than the non‐seepage area of the cold seep, suggesting the degradation potential of MPs in cold seeps. More MP‐degrading microorganism populations and functional genes are discovered in methane seepage areas to support this discovery. It is further investigated that the upwelling fluid seepage facilitated the fragmentation and degradation behaviors of MPs. Risk assessment indicated that long‐term transport and transformation of MPs in the deeper sediments can reduce the potential environmental and ecological risks. The findings illuminated the need to determine fundamental strategies for sustainable marine plastic pollution mitigation in the natural deep‐sea environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hydride AuI bonds are labile due to the mismatch in electric potential of an oxidizing metal and reducing ligand, and therefore the structure and structure–activity relationships of nanoclusters that contain them are seldom studied. Herein, we report the synthesis and characterization of [Au7(PPh3)7H5](SbF6)2 (abbrev. Au7H52+), an Au cluster complex containing five hydride ligands, which decomposed to give [Au8(PPh3)7]2+ (abbrev. Au82+) upon exposure to light (300 to 450 nm). The valence state of AuI and H− was verified by density functional theory (DFT) calculations, NMR, UV/Vis and XPS. The two nanoclusters behaved differently in the electrocatalytic CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR): Au7H52+ exhibited 98.2 % selectivity for H2, whereas Au82+ was selective for CO (73.5 %). Further DFT calculations showed that the H− ligand inhibited the CO2RR process compared with the electron‐donor H. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although the incidence and death rates of gastric cancer (GC) are decreasing, approximately one million new cases and 800,000 GC‐related deaths were reported worldwide in 2018. Currently, the oncogenesis of GC remains unclear, and the demand for novel treatment options are unmet. Here, we explored the role of aldo‐keto reductase family 1 member B (AKR1B1) in the progression of GC. The proliferation, migration, and invasion of GC cells were evaluated by CCK‐8 assay, wound healing assay, and transwell assay, respectively. The interaction between EBF transcription factor 1 (EBF1) and the promoter region of AKR1B1 was determined by luciferase reporter assay and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP). Gene expression levels were measured by quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR) and Western blotting assay. The expression of AKR1B1 was elevated in GC cells, resulting in increased cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. Meanwhile, EBF1 was a negative regulator of AKR1B1; its overexpression suppressed AKR1B1 expression and GC progression. Furthermore, knockdown of ZNF521 induced EBF1 expression, thus suppressing AKR1B1 expression and resulting in attenuated GC growth and invasiveness. Notably, knockdown of ZNF521 attenuated GC progression and was rescued by overexpression of AKR1B1. Our current study revealed a novel ZNF521/EBF1/AKR1B1 axis in GC and elaborated its important role in promoting GC progression, providing potential therapeutic targets for anti‐GC treatments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Soil nematodes play pivotal roles in the soil food web. However, the trophic regulation on nematodes in the soil micro‐food web and its temporal dynamics are less explored. Here, we investigated the seasonal dynamics of soil nematode community in an alpine grassland on the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau at non‐degraded (ND), moderately degraded (MD) and severely degraded (SD) stages, either under open‐top chamber warming (W) or not (NW). Nematode richness was higher in SD than in MD and ND that did not differ, accompanied by a clear shift from the bottom‐up regulation via belowground productivity in ND to the top‐down regulation via omnivore and predator nematodes in SD. The intensified top‐down regulation in SD was explained by increased proportions of predator and omnivore nematodes, likely induced by the expanded soil pore size in SD. As a result, accelerated temporal turnover of nematode community was observed under grassland degradation, which were 0.006 (slope, p = 0.78), 0.045 (p = 0.07), and 0.077 (p = 0.001) in ND, MD, and SD, respectively. Moreover, grassland degradation strengthened the association between nematode density and ecosystem respiration, whose slope was higher in SD (0.0025, p < 0.05) than in MD (0.0008, p < 0.01) or ND (insignificant). In contrast, warming did not affect the temporal turnover of the nematode community, richness, nor its role in ecosystem respiration. Overall, we revealed the accelerated temporal turnover of nematode community and its strengthened role in determining ecosystem respiration under alpine grassland degradation, suggesting that trophic cascade changes under ecosystem degradation may alter the ecosystem functioning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Over the past few years, ratiometric fluorescent nanoprobes have garnered substantial interest because of their self‐calibration characteristics. This research developed a ratiometric fluorescent sensor to detect phosphate. Through encapsulating luminescent materials, gold nanoclusters (AuNCs) and carbon dots (CDs) into a zeolitic imidazolate framework‐8 (ZIF‐8), the fluorescence signal of AuNCs was enhanced, while that of CDs was suppressed. After phosphate was added, it could decompose ZIF‐8, and AuNCs and CDs were released, which weakened the fluorescence signal of the AuNCs while restoring that of the CDs. Thereby, this makes CDs/AuNCs@ZIF‐8 a potential fluorescent sensor for phosphate determination. The ratiometric sensor had facile synthesis, good selectivity, and a low detection limit. Therefore, this sensor was an effective tool for the detection of phosphate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Acute lung injury (ALI) is a respiratory disease with high morbidity and mortality rates and is the primary cause of death in children and the elderly around the world. The use of Chinese foods in the complementary and alternative treatment of ALI has attracted more and more attention. This study aimed to explore the anti‐ALI activity of Chinese functional foods Rosa roxburghii Tratt fruit polyphenols (RRTP). RRTP was administered to lipopolysaccharide‐induced ALI mice, and its protective effects were comprehensively evaluated by lung histopathological examination, wet/dry (W/D) ratio, and cytokine production. Metabolomics analysis was used to identify the differential metabolites and metabolic pathways in plasma, and molecular docking and systemic biology‐based network pharmacology assay were performed to explore the active components and potential therapeutic targets. The results indicated that RRTP significantly attenuated the severity of pathological changes and pulmonary capillary permeability. Furthermore, RRTP limited the increase in tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF‐α), interleukin 1β (IL‐1β), and interleukin 6 (IL‐6) levels and the decrease in interleukin 10 (IL‐10) levels in ALI mice. Metabolomics studies revealed that RRTP markedly affected 19 different metabolites, three amino acid metabolism pathways, and sphingolipid metabolism. Moreover, network pharmacology identified AKT1 (AKT serine/threonine kinase 1), TP53, IL‐6, VEGFA (vascular endothelial growth factor A), and TNF (tumor necrosis factor) as the most promising target proteins, while quercetin, luteolin, and kaempferol were the core active components of RRTP. This study investigated the complex mechanisms of RRTP against ALI for the first time, and provided a foundation for the application of RRTP as a functional food, facilitating the research of nutritional food additives for the adjuvant treatment of ALI. This study revealed the protective effects and mechanism of RRTP against ALI for the first time and clarified the potential therapeutic targets of RRTP on ALI. This study provided a breakthrough for the development and demonstration of RRTP as a functional food, or the research of nutritional food additives for the adjuvant treatment of ALI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Normal early erythropoiesis depends on the precise regulation of protein expression and phosphorylation modification. Dysregulation of protein levels or modification contributes to erythroid disorders. To date, the dynamics of protein phosphorylation profiling across human erythroid development is not fully understood. Here, we characterized quantitative proteomic and phosphoproteomic profiling by tandem mass‐tagging technology. We systemically built phospho‐expression profiling and expression clusters of 11 414 phosphopeptides for human early erythropoiesis. The standardization methods for multitier integrative analyses revealed multiple functional modules of phosphoproteins (e.g., regulation of the G2/M transition) and active phosphorylated signalling (e.g., cell cycle‐related pathways). Our further analysis revealed that CDK family members were the main kinases that phosphorylate substrates in erythroid progenitors and identified that CDK9 played an important role in the proliferation of erythroid progenitors. Collectively, our phosphoproteomic profiling, integrative network analysis and functional studies define landscapes of the phosphoproteome and reveal signalling pathways that are involved in human early erythropoiesis. This study will serve as a valuable resource for further investigations of phosphatase and kinase functions in human erythropoiesis and erythroid‐related diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores how women academics in Chinese higher education have been understood as a topic of research by conducting a comprehensive review of publications on the theme in Chinese national academic journals, that is, national journals written in Chinese. The study identifies publication trends and key research issues concerning academic women in China, adopting a knowledge mapping perspective that unveils research and methodological choices, including data collection methods used in Chinese national journals since the mid‐1980s, when the first publication on women academics was identified. The study finds that despite the rapid expansion of the population of women academics in the Chinese higher education system, this topic has been intermittently researched: interest in it peaked in the early 2010s but has declined since then. Past interest in the topic would be largely activated by governmental policy considerations and changes, but would become relatively dormant during periods of lower policy activity. The research has been mainly focused on policy and practice, and has lacked long‐term perspectives; it has not always acknowledged societal and structural challenges that academic women face, and has not engaged in theory building. The latter is probably because much of the knowledge production has been based on personal opinions and views, and has suffered from a lack of critical thinking, a reliance on largely unsophisticated methods, and findings that are not generalisable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]