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Teaching is a stressful profession with a high turnover rate. Schools and related institutions need to take more action to support teachers and keep teacher stress at a manageable level. The continued research and practical effort require measures to examine teachers’ stress in a briefer and accurate manner. The Teacher Stress Scale is a recently developed brief measure to examine teacher stress with promising psychometric characteristics. The present study aims to further validate TSS scores with a large sample of teachers ranging from pre‐kindergarten to the 12th grade from the United States and United Kingdom. Findings of the internal structure validity, convergent validity, and the internal consistency reliability of TSS scores were examined. Specifically, the confirmatory factor analysis of the unidimensional model and the two‐dimensional model showed poor fit, but the bi‐factor model evidenced a strong fit. Factorial invariance testing yielded strong invariance between early education and secondary education teachers as well as satisfactory invariance between teachers from the United States and the United Kingdoms. The Inadequate School‐Based Support TSS subscale demonstrated convergent validity with other support measures, and the overall TSS showed acceptable internal consistency reliability evidence of scores. Limitations and implications of the TSS, as well as future research directions were discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rationale Aims and Objectives Method Results Conclusion In clinical and research settings, the validity and reliability of measurement instruments are crucial for reliable results. Current methods for computing validation metrics like Aiken's coefficients are often complex and error‐prone, highlighting the need for a standardized computational tool to simplify and enhance this process.The objective of this study was to develop AikenCalc, a tool created to automate the calculation of Aiken coefficients. This tool provides a quantitative method for examining the validity and reliability of consensus among expert judges.AikenCalc was developed with Shiny app, an R library that allows an easy‐to‐use interface and improved computational efficiency. It was validated using a convergence method by comparing the manual calculations with those obtained using AikenCalc. Additionally, to examine usability and interface, six experts evaluated their experience using AikenCalc and provided improvement feedback.AikenCalc demonstrated good convergent validity, closely aligning with the results obtained manually, and the six experts gave favorable ratings regarding the usability and interface of AikenCalc. Finally, it was shown that AikenCalc significantly reduced the time required for calculations, thanks to its user‐friendly interface.AikenCalc represents a significant improvement in the validation of measurement instruments by automating and simplifying the calculation of Aiken's coefficients through a Shiny web application. Additionally, it fills a knowledge gap, as there is currently no similar calculator available in the field of research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

I use a path/confirmatory factor analytic framework to present an under‐the‐hood introduction to (a) the effects of measurement error and method variance on observed measures, (b) the effects of common latent Trait and Method factors on relationships between observed measures in the presence of measurement error and (c) examine implications of developments presented here for the possible reinterpretation of Campbell and Fiske's original criteria for convergent and discrimainat validity and presence of common method bias. I use results from one previously published and often‐cited primary study and four meta‐analyses of multitrait–multimethod studies to provide empirical examples to illustrate points made here. I show analytically that (a) some common interpretations of method effects are correct, (b) others are incorrect and (c) still others are more nuanced than is usually recognised. Finally, I offer some suggested directions for future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Validation of the Mobile Toolbox Faces and Names associative memory test is presented. Ninety‐two participants self‐administered Faces and Names in‐person; 956 self‐administered Faces and Names remotely but took convergent measures in person; and 123 self‐administered Faces and Names remotely twice, 14 days apart. Internal consistency (.76–.79) and test–retest reliability (ICC = .73) were acceptable. Convergent validity with WMS‐IV Verbal Paired Associates was satisfactory (immediate .54; delayed .58). The findings suggest the remotely administered Faces and Names is a reliable instrument. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Objectives Methods Results Conclusions The validation of psychometric measures requires use of other established and standardized validated measures. The Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) is the most widely used tool to measure the burden of skin diseases and assess effectiveness of interventions based on patients' perspective.The objective of this study was to systematically analyse peer‐reviewed publications describing use of the DLQI in validation of other patient‐reported outcome (PRO) and quality‐of‐life (QoL) measures.Seven databases were searched for papers published between January 1994 and December 2022 for articles containing data using DLQI in the validation of other PRO/QoL measures. The methodology followed PRISMA guidelines. The protocol was prospectively registered on PROSPERO.Of 1717 screened publications, 122 articles including 30,727 patients from 34 different countries with 41 diseases met the inclusion criteria. The DLQI was used in validation of 101 measures: 80 dermatology‐specific QoL measures, mostly disease‐specific, and 21 generic measures. Of these studies, 47 were cross‐cultural adaptations, 116 single arm, 100 were cross‐sectional, 18 longitudinal and six randomized placebo controlled. DLQI was used for 14 known group, and correlation for 10 construct, 101 convergent, 10 concurrent, 10 divergent/discriminant and three criterion validity tests using Mann–Whitney (2), Spearman's (80), Pearson's correlation (26) and Student's t‐test (1). The DLQI was used in responsiveness analysis in 13 studies.This review identified widespread use of the DLQI in validation of other dermatology PRO/QoL measures and confirmed the central role that the DLQI plays as a benchmark in instrument development and validation across dermatology and beyond. The use of the DLQI by so many developers of other instruments has provided a common standard for comparability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We set forth an agenda for Moral Foundations Theory (MFT) research in consumer psychology, focusing in particular on four pathways: (1) factoring in multiple identities, including moral identities, to account for contextual elevation or suppression of moral foundations in predicting which decisions consumers moralize and when; (2) broadening the methodological usage of MFT to include more targeted causal research as well as expanding the utility of correlational research; (3) increasing discriminant validity between MFT and other constructs by studying moral foundations as individually manipulable and focusing on their incremental predictive validity over and above demographics and related constructs; and (4) recognizing that researcher biases regarding morality can leak into the publication process, necessitating clear distinctions between prescriptive versus descriptive research. These pathways facilitate more precise and stronger predictive validity for applying MFT in consumer psychology, yielding greater theoretical and practical utility across researcher perspectives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims and Objectives Method Results Conclusion Since hysterectomy surgery is a major and invasive procedure, it can affect the quality of life of women in many ways. This study aimed to review and critique the psychometric properties of tools used to measure the quality of life of hysterectomized women.An advanced search was conducted in international (PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, PsycINFO, Embase) as well as national databases (SID and Magiran) to retrieve articles published from 2000 to 2024, using keywords related to hysterectomy and quality of life. Then, the psychometric properties of the tools found in these articles were evaluated by COSMIN checklist.The psychometric properties of tools were analyzed using the COSMIN checklist. Among the 20 general and specific tools examined, content validity had not been evaluated in 15 tools, construct validity had not been evaluated in four tools, criterion validity had not been evaluated in eight tools, internal consistency had not been evaluated in five tools, responsiveness had not been evaluated in 16 tools, and interpretability had not been assessed in 18 tools, and measurement error had not been evaluated in any of the tools.The results showed that none of the evaluated tools have all the criteria of Cosmin's checklist. Of course, construct validity and reliability had been assessed in most of the tools. Meanwhile, there was no tool to measure the quality of life of hysterectomized women specifically. Therefore, it seems that developing a tool with acceptable psychometric properties is necessary to measure the quality of life of hysterectomized women specifically. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Methods Results Conclusions So What? Systems change approaches are increasingly adopted in public health to address complex problems. It is important that measures of systems change be developed so that the effects of systems change on health outcomes can be evaluated. Organisational practices are potential levers for systems change. However, robust measures of organisational capacity to engage in these practices are lacking. Informed by the Theory of Systems Change, we developed and tested the Capacity of Organisations for System Practices (COSP) scale. The COSP scale comprises four inter‐related system practices within organisations—adaptation, alignment, collaboration and evidence‐driven action and learning.We applied a three‐stage process: (1) Item generation; (2) Scale pre‐testing; and (3) Structural analyses. Item response theory tests and semantic review, together with factor analytic techniques, were applied to refine the item set and determine the scale structure.An initial pool of 97 items was generated and pre‐tested with six content experts and four target audience representatives. Modifications resulted in 60 items. In total, 126 participants provided data for the structural analysis. A second‐order hierarchical four‐factor model fit the data better than the more basic correlated factor model (Δχ2 = 1.758, p = .415). The fit indices for the final 31‐item model were acceptable (RMSEA = .084, TLI = .819).The COSP scale is ready for further testing to ensure construct validity, stability and utility.Once validated, the Capacity of Organisations for System Practices (COSP) scale has the potential to advance the theory and practice of systems change approaches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Methods Results Conclusion Little is known about the disturbance in bodily experience (BE) following ventricular assist device (VAD) implantation. The level of disturbance in BE serves as an indicator of the status of the patients' adaptation process to the device. This process encompasses coping with both the more affective, psychological conflicts and the more cognitive, practical challenges of living with the VAD. To provide an economical screening tool for everyday clinical practice, we refined and validated a questionnaire on BE in VAD patients.Seven specific items were derived from clinical experience and presented to 365 VAD patients (85% male; time since implantation: 3–36 months). The item structure was examined using factor analyses and probabilistic test theory. Discriminant validity and change sensitivity were determined in relation to associated psychometric instruments.Four items were found to constitute the unidimensional bodily experience scale (BE‐S). Besides a high internal consistency of the scale (ω = 0.86), the RMSEA of >0.01 indicates a very good model fit. The BE‐S has high convergent validity with related constructs (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire). Change sensitivity analyses proved the BE‐S alone to be significantly sensitive to the temporal dynamics of psychological adaptation processes following VAD implantation.The BE‐S constitutes a valid and economical tool for clinical practice to assess patients' disturbance in BE after VAD implantation. It is a valuable tool for identifying patients with difficulties in adapting to the VAD. Subsequently, it enables early and focused therapeutic support for these patients at risk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT Background Objective Methods Results Conclusion Temporomandibular disorders (TMD) are a highly misreported health problem. Its diagnosis is complex and requires the use of valid and reliable instruments.To develop and validate the Epidemiological Diagnostic Instrument for TMD (EDI/TMD).Content validity (CV), response process (RP), construct validity (EFA), reliability (inter and intraobserver consistency), and convergence validity of the EDI/TMD were assessed and compared to the Diagnostic Criteria for TMD (DC/TMD).An instrument composed of a 9‐question questionnaire and a 12‐step clinical protocol was developed. CV analysis reduced the instrument to a 5‐question and 7‐step clinical protocol (CVI = 0.93). Some instructions were included after the RP. The EFA found three factors: myogenous TMD, arthrogenous TMD, and differential diagnosis. The reliability scores ranged from substantial to excellent. When compared to the DC/TMD, the EDI/TMD total score indicated that this instrument is valid and provides satisfactory diagnostic criteria (Kappa = 0.906; p < 0.001), and can distinguish non‐TMD and TMD individuals, with a cut‐off point of 4.9 (Sensitivity = 1.0; Specificity = 1.0; AUC = 1.0). For individuals who had both myogenous and arthrogenous TMD, the cut‐off point was 14 or higher (Sensitivity = 0.8; Specificity = 1.0; AUC = 0.987). For individuals who had either myogenous TMD (Sensitivity = 1.0; Specificity = 0.88; PPV = 0.89; NPV = 1.0) or arthrogenous TMD (Sensitivity = 0.95; Specificity = 0.87; PPV = 0.83; NPV = 0.96), the cut‐off point was between 5 and 13.9, with the highest EFA score being the determinant factor for final diagnosis.Based on its psychometric properties, the EDI/TMD is a valid and reliable assessment tool that is capable of diagnosing TMD and classifying its subtypes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ultrasound imaging is extensively used by both practitioners and researchers in assessing muscle thickness (MT); however, its use in the field is constrained by the transportability of stationary devices. New portable ultrasound probes pose as a cost‐effective and transportable alternative for field‐based assessments. This study evaluated the concurrent validity of a portable probe (Lumify) against a laboratory‐based device (Vivid S5) in measuring MT. Eighteen participants (nine males and nine females) visited the laboratory and their MT measurements were collected using each device at five different sites (anterior and posterior arm, anterior and posterior thigh, and posterior lower leg). Bland‐Altman plots (systematic and proportional bias, random error, and 95% limits of agreement), Pearson's product–moment correlation coefficient (r), and paired samples t‐tests with Cohen's d effect sizes (ES) were used to assess the concurrent validity of the Lumify device. Systematic bias was low at all sites ( ≤ 0.11 cm) while proportional bias was detected only at the posterior lower leg (r2 = 0.217 [r = 0.466]). The difference in MT between devices was significant only at the anterior thigh (p < 0.05); however, ES for all sites were considered trivial (ES ≤ 0.131). Linear associations were found between the devices at each site of measurement (r ≥ 0.95). These results highlight that the Lumify probe can be used interchangeably with the Vivid S5 for MT measurements, providing practitioners and researchers with a more cost‐effective and portable alternative for field‐based assessments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim Method Results Interpretation To systematically review the psychometric properties of the Alberta Infant Motor Scale (AIMS) when used for infant populations internationally, defined as infants not living in Canada, where the normative sample was established.Seven databases were searched for studies that informed the psychometric properties of the AIMS and culturally adapted or translated versions in non‐Canadian infant cohorts.Forty‐nine studies reported results from 11 663 infants representing 22 countries. Country‐specific versions of the AIMS are available for Brazilian, Polish, Serbian, Spanish, and Thai infant cohorts. Country‐specific norms were introduced for Brazilian, Dutch, Polish, and Thai cohorts. The original Canadian norms were appropriate for Brazilian, Greek, and Turkish cohorts. Across countries, the validity, reliability, and responsiveness of the AIMS was generally sufficient, except for predictive validity. Sufficient structural validity was found in one study, responsiveness in one study, discriminant validity in four of four studies, concurrent validity in 14 of 16 studies, reliability in 26 of 26 studies, and predictive validity in only eight of 13 studies.The use of the AIMS with validated versions and norms is recommended. The AIMS or country‐specific versions should be used with caution if norms have not been validated within the specific cultural context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Methods Results Conclusions Computerized cognitive tests may extend the reach of cognitive screening and monitoring to those with mobility issues or living in remote areas. Moreover, it could enable frequent and autonomous remote cognitive assessments in people with multiple sclerosis (pwMS) on account of its reduced economic and organizational costs. This may further improve our understanding of longitudinal trends and significantly improve the standard of care for pwMS living in remote areas or with mobility limitations. We aimed to evaluate the psychometric properties of an electronic Symbol‐Digit Modalities Test (eSDMT) designed to allow pwMS to perform a rapid cognitive assessment independently from home using their own PC/laptop.Sixty‐two participants underwent a neuropsychological evaluation, and then performed the eSDMT in the clinic. Forty‐two participants also repeated the eSDMT at home. We assessed concurrent validity (eSDMT vs. oral SDMT), test–retest reliability (in the clinic vs. at home), discriminant validity (pwMS with/without cognitive impairment), and other psychometric characteristics of the eSDMT (effect of age, sex, and education on test scores).We observed good‐to‐excellent concurrent validity (r ≥ 0.84, all p < 0.0001) and test–retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficients [ICCs]>0.87, all p < 0.0001). Discriminant validity was excellent (area under the curves [AUCs] >0.84, all p < 0.0001). eSDMT scores were only slightly influenced by demographic characteristics (all R2 < 0.200).We provided evidence which supports the use of our eSDMT as a feasible, valid, and reliable remote assessment of cognitive function in pwMS. Future studies will investigate long‐term reliability and predictive power. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT Aim Method Result and Discussion Conclusion Few psychosis screening instruments have been tested for use in Africa, yet appropriate tools can increase the detection of self‐reported psychotic symptoms, improve the detection of psychosis and impact its prognosis.The construct validity and factor structure of Psychosis Screening Questionnaire (PSQ) were tested with confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and item response theory (IRT) in a sample of 1928 Ethiopian adults without any history of psychosis. We tested a unidimensional model with and without an item on mania. For IRT, unidimensional latent structure one‐parameter logistic (1PL) and two‐parameter (2PL) logistic models were tested and compared for relative fit using a likelihood‐ratio test.The prevalence of lifetime positive screens was 2.8% in an Ethiopian sample of adults from a general medical setting. A unidimensional model demonstrated good fit for the PSQ, (CFI = 0.993, TLI = 0.986 and RMSEA = 0.025). For IRT, a 2PL model was the best fitting one. IRT tests of item difficulty and discrimination parameters showed that paranoia had the highest discrimination α=4.59$$ \left(\alpha =4.59\right) $$ and lowest difficulty (β=2.53$$ \beta =2.53 $$), likely to be endorsed at low levels of psychotic features. Thought insertion had the highest item difficulty (β=2.98$$ \beta =2.98 $$). Overall, the measure captures the psychosis construct at higher levels of the latent trait and may be suited for detecting moderate to severe levels of psychosis.The PSQ is found to have good construct validity in screening for psychosis among Ethiopian adults. Future studies may focus on the diagnostic validity of the PSQ comparing it with a structured clinical interview. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to validate the Turkish version of the Career Exploration and Decision Self‐Efficacy (CEDSE) Scale with Turkish undergraduate students. Results show that with the sample of Turkish undergraduate students (N = 202) the Turkish CEDSE Scale had a two‐factor structure with 12 items. The CEDSE Scale's two‐factor structure was validated by a sample of Turkish undergraduate students (N = 255). Multigroup confirmatory factor analysis verified the measurement invariance of the CEDSE Scale across gender groups. The Turkish CEDSE Scale produced positive relations with measures of vocational outcome expectations and career decidedness as well as strong positive correlations with career decision‐making self‐efficacy. The CEDSE Scale scores produced statistically significant beta coefficients predicting vocational outcome expectations and career decidedness. The results support the concurrent and criterion‐related validity of the CEDSE Scale. Calculations of Cronbach's alpha, McDonald's omega, and stability coefficients yielded evidence for the CEDSE Scale's reliability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An efficient, multidimensional instrument is needed to screen non‐optimal prenatal parental representations predictive of postnatal parenting behavior and child attachment. The present work aimed to revise and validate the Prenatal Caregiving Expectations Questionnaire—Revised (PCEQ‐R). Survey data from two independent samples of pregnant, primarily Danish, women (N = 300/322) were collected to 1) test the factor structure and select items for a 20‐item version, and 2) confirm the factor structure, examine internal consistency, and establish initial construct validity. Confirmatory factor analysis supported a three‐factor model of helpless‐dysregulated, anxious‐hyperactivated, and avoidant‐deactivated caregiving representations. Internal consistency was acceptable (α >.73). Construct validity analyses showed that higher helpless‐dysregulated caregiving was associated with low maternal antenatal attachment quality (rs = −.36) and intensity (rs = −.11), increased risk of perinatal depression (rs=.37), and trait anxiety (rs=.37). Higher anxious‐hyperactivated caregiving was associated with better maternal antenatal attachment quality (rs=.20) and higher intensity (rs =.26), while avoidant‐deactivated caregiving was not associated with maternal antenatal attachment. These findings support the validity and multidimensional structure of the measure. The homogenous nature of the sample limits generalizability of results. Future studies should examine predictive validity of the PCEQ‐R and include clinical samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To translate and cross‐culturally adapt PREP2 into Danish and to investigate the face validity and reliability of Danish PREP2 through cognitive interviewing, Rasch and reliability analyses. Methods: The Danish PREP2 was translated using a standardized procedure and then pretested following the Three‐Steps‐Interviews (TSTI) process. A total of 15 myopic children aged 7–14 wearing either orthokeratology lenses (ortho‐k) or single‐vision spectacles (SVS) were included in pretesting comprising cognitive interviews and Rasch analysis. Data from cognitive interviewing was analysed thematically according to Collins. Rasch analysis was used to pretest the psychometric properties in terms of person‐ and item‐fit statistics. Reliability was assessed via test–retest using Intra‐class correlation coefficient (ICC) in the CONTROL study population, which consisted of 60 Danish children aged 7–14 years wearing either ortho‐k or SVS. Results: Fifteen children participated in pilot studies comprising of cognitive interviewing and Rasch analysis and 44 out of 60 CONTROL children participated in test–retest reliability analysis. The translation process resulted in a Danish version of PREP2 corroborating the original. Pretesting highlighted issues in the contextualization of items and in marking responses. Thus, we introduced a digital format with help texts. Cognitive interviewing identified issues in the following Collins' themes: comprehension (understanding of concepts), judgement (ambiguity of items) and response (selecting answers). Rasch analysis indicated that help texts were useful for clarifying context. The ICC was 0.77 (95% CI: 0.66–0.85). Conclusions: The cross‐cultural adaptation of PREP2 was satisfactory and issues were identified and corrected through pretesting. The test–retest reliability showed substantial consistency. The instrument could be validated in a more generalizable setting in future studies. Trial registration: NCT03246464 (CONTROL study). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To investigate whether individuals with long‐term reduced stereopsis were able to obtain the same level of surgical skills in simulated vitreoretinal surgery on the Eyesi Surgical Simulator as individuals with normal stereopsis. Methods: Twenty‐four medical students were recruited and divided into two groups according to their degree of stereopsis: Group 1 (n = 12) included subjects with normal stereopsis (60 arcsec or lower) and Group 2 (n = 12) included subjects with reduced stereopsis (120 arcsec or higher). Stereopsis was tested using the TNO test (Lameris Ootech BV, Nieuwegein, the Netherlands). The participants were trained in virtual reality‐simulated vitreoretinal surgery and continuously measured using a test with solid validity evidence and a pre‐defined pass–fail score. All data were analysed using the Wilcoxon rank sum test. Results: We observed no differences in overall performance scores for any of the four modules. The participants with reduced stereopsis used 5.8 more attempts in bimanual training (p = 0.04), 8.8 more attempts in removal of posterior hyaloid (p = 0.04), 9.1 more attempts in navigation training (p = 0.20) and 0.3 fewer attempts in removal of internal limiting membrane (p = 0.69). Conclusion: The final performance scores on the Eyesi Surgical Simulator were independent of the degree of stereopsis. However, the number of attempts to achieve the pre‐defined pass–fail score increased significantly with reduced stereopsis in two of four modules. These results indicate that a high degree of stereopsis is not necessary to become proficient in microsurgery but may prolong the learning curve. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is a lack of questionnaires specifically designed to assess social isolation in adolescents. We developed and validated a self‐report measure of social isolation in adolescents, the Social Isolation Questionnaire (QIS). A literature review on social isolation and mental health in adolescents indicated 20 questions to form QIS. Two cross‐sectional surveys with 48 and 1135 adolescents, respectively, evaluated the reproducibility and validity of QIS. The Bland–Altman plot did not indicate a systematic difference between measurements 15 days apart. Bartlett's sphericity test verified a correlation between the questions and the Kaiser‐Meyer‐Olkin test showed good adequacy (.896) to the factor analysis. Exploratory factor analysis suggested the exclusion of three questions (loading factors <0.3), and eigenvalues (4.9–0.8) indicated that the questionnaire should be composed of three factors (dimensions). The Cronbach's alpha indicated high internal consistency of the 17 questions (0.850 overall; Dimensions: 0.815 'feeling of loneliness'; 0.760 'friendship'; and, 0.680 'Family support'). The QIS score ranged from 0 to 131 (maximum social isolation score). The correlation between QIS and depressive symptoms (r =.543) indicated the construct validity of QIS. We evaluated QIS in the Portuguese version, thus translation and cultural adaptation are necessary to evaluate the questionnaire in other settings. We constructed and validated the QIS questionnaire, a self‐administered questionnaire to assess social isolation in adolescents, composed of three dimensions; feelings of loneliness, friendship and family support. The QIS questionnaire seems a very promising tool to support practitioners and researchers in assessing social isolation among adolescents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite purpose measures being developed for adolescents, quantitative research investigating purposes prior to late adolescence and in non‐Western societies remains nascent. This study evaluated the psychometric soundness of the Claremont Purpose Scale among Chinese adolescents. An initial prestudy (n = 34) was conducted to ensure linguistic equivalence. Subsequently, Study 1 (n = 1691) assessed the scale's reliability and factor structure, also investigating its functional equivalence across gender, adolescence stages, and language versions at the item level. Study 2 (n = 7842) investigated the scale's construct, convergent, predictive, and incremental validity, as well as tested for the scale's measurement invariance across different groups at the scale level. The results support the scale's use as a tool for researchers and practitioners to understand and cultivate purpose in adolescents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Clinician‐Administered PTSD Scale for DSM‐5 (CAPS‐5) is a widely used, well‐validated structured interview for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). It was recently revised to improve various aspects of administration and scoring. We conducted a psychometric evaluation of the revised version, known as the CAPS‐5‐R. Participants were 73 community residents with mixed trauma exposure (e.g., sexual assault, physical assault, transportation accident, the unnatural death of a loved one). CAPS‐5‐R PTSD diagnosis demonstrated good test–retest reliability, кs = .73–.79; excellent interrater reliability, кs = .86–.93; and good‐to‐excellent alternate forms reliability with the CAPS‐5, кs = .79–.93. In addition, the CAPS‐5‐R total PTSD severity score demonstrated excellent test–retest reliability, intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) = .86; interrater reliability, ICC = .98; and alternate forms reliability with the CAPS‐5, r = .95. Further, the CAPS‐5‐R demonstrated good convergent validity with other measures of PTSD and good discriminant validity with measures of other constructs (e.g., depression, anxiety, alcohol problems, somatic concerns, mania). Given its strong psychometric performance in this study, as well as its improvements in administration and scoring, the CAPS‐5‐R appears to be a valuable update of the current CAPS‐5. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Methods Results Conclusions identifier Pruritus is a common, bothersome symptom for patients with mild‐to‐moderate plaque psoriasis (PsO), yet no validated scale assesses it in this patient population. We aimed to validate the Peak Pruritus‐Numerical Rating Scale (PP‐NRS) using data from a Phase 2b study investigating the efficacy of brepocitinib in patients with mild‐to‐moderate chronic PsO.Patients completed the PP‐NRS daily from baseline for the first 2 weeks after the dose administration and subsequently only on visit days. Test–retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC]), construct validity (known group validity and convergent validity), ability to detect change, and meaningful within‐patient change (MWPC) were evaluated using correlation and regression analyses.The PP‐NRS demonstrated acceptable test–retest reliability (ICC: 0.86–0.89). Known‐group evidence demonstrated that PP‐NRS scores could discriminate between different degrees of disease severity. Convergent validity was supported by significant correlation coefficients between the PP‐NRS and Patient Global Assessment (PtGA), Dermatology Life Quality Index, and Psoriasis Symptom Inventory, which generally exceeded 0.50. The ability to detect change was evidenced by an approximately linear relationship between changes in PP‐NRS and Physician Global Assessment or PtGA of psoriasis scores. The value of 2.8 was determined as the MWPC for the PP‐NRS.PP‐NRS is a reliable, practical test for assessing pruritus in mild‐to‐moderate PsO clinical trials.NCT03850483. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this research was to develop and examine a measure of self‐control strategies, proposed in the process model of self‐control. Across three studies (N = 1045), we developed and refined items, examined scale dimensionality and relationships with orbiting constructs, and assessed criterion‐related validity. Findings provide initial support for a 34‐item measure of six self‐control strategies: five strategies that were theoretically proposed in the process model and one that emerged empirically from our data. The proposed Self‐Control Strategies Scale was significantly correlated with other similar measures and demonstrated expected relationships with orbiting constructs and criterion‐related validity. This measure may be useful in expanding our understanding of different strategies beneficial for long‐term goal pursuit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research examines the role of leaders for employee recovery. We hypothesize that leader support for recovery (empathy for recovery, respect for boundaries, and role modelling) relates positively to employees' psychological detachment from work during non‐work time that, in turn, predicts well‐being outcomes. We argue that leader support for recovery can only be effective when the leader‐member exchange (LMX) relationship quality is sufficiently high. In a series of scale‐development and scale‐validation studies, we demonstrated the construct and content validity of a new measure of leader support for recovery. We tested our hypotheses with diary data collected from 152 employees. Respect for boundaries was positively related to employees' psychological detachment from work during non‐work time at the person level. Psychological detachment from work was positively related to low emotional exhaustion and a high morning recovery state, both at the person and the day level. LMX moderated the relationship between leader support for recovery (overall measure), empathy for recovery, and respect for boundaries on the one hand and psychological detachment on the other hand, such that the relationships became non‐significant when LMX was lower. The study suggests that leaders in high‐quality relationships can contribute to employee recovery – a process that helps to maintain employee well‐being. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A superordinate identity that emphasizes the shared bond between people of different groups can have beneficial outcomes according to the theoretical argument of the common ingroup identity model. Unlike previous research that focuses on a single superordinate identity, we simultaneously study two superordinate identities: local identity (identification with the neighborhood) and national identity (identification with the country of residence). Our study is set in two ethnically heterogenous and low‐income neighborhoods in Sweden. Based on four waves of panel survey data, we find that both types of superordinate identities are associated with increases in interpersonal and institutional trust. The identities have distinct consequences, however. Local identity is related to local trust and national identity to national trust. These results are based on within‐individual variation. Since high trust generally has a range of positive consequences, our results point to an approach at improving communities that are often in much need of it. We observe low correlation between the two superordinate identities and high convergent and discriminant validity of the concepts. Our results may be relevant to similar neighborhoods that exist across Europe. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT Objective Method Results Discussion This study examines the factorial structure and psychometric properties of the Eating Disorder‐15 questionnaire (ED‐15) in a large clinical sample, as well as the instrument's sensitivity to early clinical change in therapy and ability to measure remission.Participants with eating disorders (N = 278) referred to the Flinders University Services for Eating Disorders in South Australia completed the ED‐15 as well as other measures of eating disorder symptoms and co‐occurring psychopathology, including depression, anxiety, and stress.Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) revealed a two‐factor model for the ED‐15. The ED‐15 had good internal consistency. It showed satisfactory concurrent validity with moderate correlations with the EDE‐Q global score and contribution of unique variance to that score. Correlations indicated good convergent validity with clinical impairment and good divergent validity from depression, anxiety, and stress. The ED‐15 showed a significant medium effect size change within the first four sessions of therapy. Good discriminant validity was indicated by cut‐off scores used for remission, with significantly different levels of ED psychopathology and other impairments between the two groups.This study adds to the four previous psychometric studies of the ED‐15, confirming robustness of the English version in a clinical sample. The brevity and psychometric robustness of the ED‐15 makes it a preferable measure to the Eating Disorder Examination for sessional assessment of progress in treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Objectives Methods Results and Conclusions In recent years, eye tracking has become a prominent method for learning research as it is assumed to indicate (meta)cognitive processes. However, there is little empirical evidence for hypothesized relations between eye tracking indicators and specific (meta)cognitive processes so that construct validity of used metrics can be questioned.The main goal was to provide validity hints in order to create an empirical basis for interpreting specific eye tracking indicators in terms of respective (meta)cognitive processes of multimedia learning.N = 60 students learned with multimedia instructional material. Referring to a process model of multimedia learning, correlations between theoretically deduced eye tracking indicators with verbalized (meta)cognitive processes of multimedia learning captured by think‐aloud protocols were examined. In addition, the sensitivity of both process measures of (meta)cognitive processes was regarded considering the well‐investigated seductive details effect of an established multimedia instruction in a two‐group design. Finally, serial mediations were calculated in order to investigate whether both process measures complement one another in a joint explanation of the seductive details effect.Eye tracking indicators and verbalized (meta)cognitive processes did only partly correspond as it was shown by correlation and serial mediation analyses. However, both measures were sensitive to indicate the seductive details effect. Thus, even though the study provided insights in how validation could be possible, further systematic research will be needed for validating eye tracking indicators of specific (meta)cognitive processes in multimedia learning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Relationships with close relatives, friends, and future generations should be critical in a collective society; therefore, the fear of separation from others, and care for others, must be core components of attitudes concerning death. However, such relational attitudes toward death have been insufficiently investigated. This study develops a new psychological scale for assessing death attitudes considering relationships with loved ones and future generations. In Study 1, we conducted an exploratory factor analysis using data from 477 Japanese adults. The results revealed a five‐factor structure of the Death Attitudes in Relationships Scale (DARS) and confirmed its internal consistency, convergent validity, and test–retest reliability. In Study 2 (N = 380), we demonstrated the goodness‐of‐fit indices for the factor structure and further verified the construct validity, considering relationships with other variables. As such, we confirmed the validity and reliability of the DARS. The DARS can be used to reexamine the previous, accumulated findings using the existing scale. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim Methods Results Conclusion There is no validated symptom scale for Swedish children with gastrointestinal disorders. Our aim was to validate the Swedish version of the Paediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL) gastrointestinal symptoms scale and symptoms module.Families were recruited from two hospitals in Gothenburg, Sweden, from 1 March 2021 to 31 October 2022. The instruments were completed by 115 children with functional, congenital or organic acquired gastrointestinal disorders and 149 of their parents. These were the gastrointestinal symptoms scales, symptoms module and the 4.0 Generic core scale. Data were analysed for feasibility, construct validity and reliability, including internal consistency, re‐test reliability and child–parent agreement.Feasibility was good, with a failure to respond of ≤5%. Construct validity showed strong correlation in the PedsQL gastrointestinal symptoms module. The known‐group validity agreed with the expectations associated with the disease characteristics (p < 0.05). Cronbach's alpha was 0.96, which indicated excellent internal reliability. The intraclass correlation coefficient for the child self‐report and parent‐proxy report was 0.74, which indicated good agreement.The Swedish PedsQL Gastrointestinal Symptoms Scales, the symptoms module provided acceptable measurement properties and can be used to evaluate symptoms of gastrointestinal disorders and quality of life during clinical work or research projects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To develop a claims‐based algorithm to determine the setting of a disease diagnosis. Data Sources and Study Setting: Medicare enrollment and claims data from 2014 to 2019. Study Design: We developed a claims‐based algorithm using facility indicators, revenue center codes, and place of service codes to identify settings where HCV diagnosis first appeared. When the first appearance was in a laboratory, we attempted to associate HCV diagnoses with subsequent clinical visits. Face validity was assessed by examining association of claims‐based diagnostic settings with treatment initiation. Data Collection/Extraction Methods: Patients newly diagnosed with HCV and continuously enrolled in traditional Medicare Parts A, B, and D (12 months before and 6 months after index diagnosis) were included. Principal Findings: Among 104,454 patients aged 18–64 and 66,726 aged ≥65, 70.1% and 69%, respectively, were diagnosed in outpatient settings, and 20.2% and 22.7%, respectively in laboratory or unknown settings. Logistic regression revealed significantly lower odds of treatment initiation after diagnosis in emergency departments/urgent cares, hospitals, laboratories, or unclassified settings, than in outpatient visits. Conclusions: The algorithm identified the setting of HCV diagnosis in most cases, and found significant associations with treatment initiation, suggesting an approach that can be adapted for future claims‐based studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective Method Results Conclusions Implications for nursing practice To create and evaluate the content validity of educational videos on self‐management of fluid restriction and thirst for individuals with heart failure (HF).A psychometric study was conducted in three stages: (1) an integrative literature review to identify strategies for self‐management of fluid restriction and thirst by individuals with HF; (2) creation of animated videos about strategies for self‐management of fluid restriction and thirst; and (3) analysis of the content validity of the educational videos by 11 experts. For each criterion, the content validity ratio (CVR) was calculated; it was considered adequate when <0.636. Suggestions were evaluated by the researchers, and the videos were modified.Ten scripts and videos were created, averaging 30 s each. The videos’ contents were based on 11 studies retrieved from the review and one specialized website. The videos were evaluated by experts, and adjustments were made when CVR < 0.636 and when allowed by the video production platform.Educational videos were developed and have satisfactory content validity evidence according to expert opinions.These videos are expected to be used as educational strategies in clinical practice to prevent episodes of decompensation due to excessive fluid volume. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim Method Results Interpretation To refine the Gross Motor Family Report (GM‐FR) using parents' input and to evaluate its psychometric properties.In this measurement study, 12 parents of children and adolescents with cerebral palsy (CP), aged 2 to 18 years, classified in all levels of the Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS), were interviewed about their experience completing the GM‐FR (content validity). Parents' feedback was used to refine the measure which was then completed by 146 families to evaluate internal consistency, and discriminative and concurrent validity. Forty‐six parents completed the GM‐FR again, 7 to 30 days later, to evaluate test–retest reliability.GM‐FR scoring, pictures, descriptions, and the total number of items were revised based on parents' feedback. The GM‐FR version 2.0 demonstrated high internal consistency (Cronbach's α = 0.99), no floor/ceiling effects, and excellent test–retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.99). GM‐FR scores discriminated between GMFCS levels (p < 0.05) and were strongly negatively correlated with GMFCS level (r = −0.92; p < 0.001). GM‐FR scores correlated positively and strongly with the Gross Motor Function Measure‐66 (r = 0.94; p < 0.001) and the Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory – Computer Adaptive Test mobility domain (r = 0.93; p < 0.001).Active participation of families in the GM‐FR's development facilitated creation of a family‐friendly instrument. This study provides strong evidence of reliability and validity to support GM‐FR use in clinical practice and research for assessing gross motor performance of children and adolescents with CP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives Methods Results Conclusion This paper aims to develop and validate a taxonomy for the assessment of the subjective experience of curly hair manageability. It represents the latter of two iterative stages of a mixed‐method design interdisciplinary project.The qualitative stage of the study incorporated thematic analysis of 14 interview transcripts generated using a video‐ethnographic method (SEBE). A survey‐based instrument assessing different elements of the construct of hair manageability designed during the first stage of this project was further developed following consultations with experts with extensive experience in hair research, product development, testing and trichology. The instrument was tested online with 506 female participants self‐reporting natural curly hair, types 3A and higher according to the Andre Walker Curl Classification.The initial construct of four groups of hair goals received positive content validity from the experts. High scale reliability was achieved for the aesthetic, haptic and emotive goals' scales as well as for hair esteem (Cronbach's alpha >0.75). Curl type was the only personal hair attribute that was correlated with hair goals and perceptions. From the demographic and lifestyle data, only age was correlated with goals and willingness to try new products. Common hair practices and product usage were also correlated with hair curl and goals.The appropriateness of the instrument for measuring the strength of different hair goals and perceptions relevant to hair curvature degree and hair esteem has been validated. The instrument will support the development and testing of products better aligned with the manageability needs of very curly and textured hair. It was also confirmed that hair curvature is the most significant determinant of practices, and age of product attitudes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article assesses mainstream sociolinguistic theory and methods in the context of world Englishes. Despite its obvious applicability, sociolinguistic theory has not always been the primary analytic model for world Englishes. The multilingual and sometimes mobile circumstances of world Englishes contexts do not always fit the usual definition of a Labovian speech community. This article extends classic sociolinguistic theory and method to studies of Outer Circle English situations to test their validity and scope. Predictions for class, gender, age, peer effects and identity are assessed, all initially developed in monolingual urban Western contexts. Methodological constructs such as apparent time, the sociolinguistics interview and social network metrics are also critically evaluated. The discussion shows that, although these new contexts challenge claims of universality, they often also uphold the original insights. A falsifiable theory of sociolinguistic variation and associated methods remain crucial for a principled understanding of variation and change in world Englishes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose Methods Findings Conclusions Implications for nursing practice To validate the content of the “Health Literacy Behaviour” nursing outcome (NO).A content validation study was conducted during 2022. Each indicator was included in the NO, and its response levels were operationally defined. The initial version of each indicator and its response levels were refined and validated through the Delphi method. A panel of health literacy (HL) and nursing taxonomies experts evaluated the content through two content validity indicators. The content validity of the NO and each index was determined by calculating the content validity index (CVI). A qualitative analysis of the recommendations provided by the experts was carried out to improve the understanding of the indicators and their levels.A total of 108 experts participated in this study. Mostly females with more than 10 years of professional experience. The results demonstrated a high CVI of the indicators and the NO “Health Literacy Behaviour.” All indicators achieved excellent (CVI ≥ 0.80) relevance and clarity. The CVI universal average method (CVI‐p) of the NO achieved an excellent result of 0.90.The indicators included in the NO “Health Literacy Behaviour” have content validity.These findings provide evidence‐based indicators to measure the patient's actions to obtain, process, and understand information about health and disease, interact with the health system, and make informed health decisions. The validation of this NO would identify populations with low HL, allowing the health of this community to be promoted. Health literacy should be a priority objective of health management and policies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction Methods Results Conclusion The proposed concept of secure/insecure lifeattachment reflects the experience of the world and life as a good (or insecure/threatening) place to be. The present article describes the theoretical foundation, development, and validation of a revised measure that captures the phenomenon of secure/insecure life attachment. The revised scale consists of seven dimensions: (1) Coexistence, (2) Reliability, (3) Safetiness, (4) Integration, (5) Inclusion, (6) Participation, and (7) Deliberation.In three studies (N = 1,059), we examined the factor structure and the convergent and predictive validity of the Life Attachment Scale–Revised (LAS‐R).Our results support a seven‐factor structure of the scale, reflecting the aforementioned dimensions. Furthermore, convergent and predictive validity were established through correlations with related concepts of life satisfaction, flourishing, openness to the future, and perceived stress.We have devised and substantiated a scale adept at gauging dimensions of secure and insecure/disordered life attachment. Empirical evidence from statistical analyses supports the assumption that the LAS‐R is psychometrically sound, establishing its reliability and validity as a dependable instrument. Thus, the scale has promising implications for developing the empirical base for research in many areas of psychology, sociology, and the social sciences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The employment interview is used to assess myriad constructs to inform personnel selection decisions. This article describes the first meta‐analytic review of the criterion‐related validity of interview‐based assessments of specific constructs (i.e., related to task and contextual performance). As such, this study explores the suitability of the interview for predicting specific dimensions of performance, and furthermore, if and how interviews should be designed to inform the assessment of distinct constructs. A comprehensive search process identified k = 37 studies comprising N = 30,646 participants (N = 4449 with the removal of one study). Results suggest that constructs related to task (ρ = .30) and contextual (ρ = .28) performance are assessed with similar levels of criterion‐related validity. Although interview evaluations of task and contextual performance constructs did not show discriminant validity within the interview itself, interview evaluations were more predictive of the targeted criterion construct than of alternative constructs. We further found evidence that evaluations of contextual performance constructs might particularly benefit from the adoption of more structured interview scoring procedures. However, we expect that new research on interview design factors may find additional moderating effects and we point to critical gaps in our current body of literature on employment interviews. These results illustrate how a construct‐specific approach to interview validity can spur new developments in the modeling, assessment, and selection of specific work performance constructs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to translate the Short Scale of Creative Self (SSCS) into Japanese and examine its psychometric properties. In total, 1,436 participants (Study 1: N = 957, Study 2: N = 479) completed the questionnaires. In Study 1, confirmatory factor analyses for Japanese versions of the scales resulted in bi‐factor structures comprising one general factor and two subfactors; namely, creative self‐efficacy (CSE) and creative personal identity (CPI). However, the Japanese version of the SSCS (SSCS‐J) was essentially unidimensional, and scoring based on CSE and CPI lacked support. Therefore, it was necessary to calculate the total SSCS‐J item scores to measure the creative self. Study 2 provided evidence for the concurrent, convergent, and discriminant validity of the scale. The current study also found that the SSCS‐J had adequate test–retest reliability. The present findings suggest that the SSCS‐J has sufficient reliability and validity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective and Background Methods Results Conclusion According to a recently proposed theoretical framework, different personality traits should explain pro‐social behavior in different situations. We empirically tested the key proposition of this framework that each of four “core tendencies” (i.e., the shared variance of related traits) specifically predicts pro‐social behavior in the presence of a different situational affordance.We used a large‐scale dataset (N = 2479) including measures of various personality traits and six incentivized economic games assessing pro‐social behavior in different social situations. Using bifactor modeling, we extracted four latent core tendencies and tested their predictive validity for pro‐social behavior.We found mixed support for the theoretically derived, preregistered hypotheses. The core tendency of beliefs about others' pro‐sociality predicted pro‐social behavior in both games involving dependence under uncertainty, as expected. Unconditional concern for others' welfare predicted pro‐social behavior in only one of two games providing a possibility for exploitation. For conditional concern for others' welfare and self‐regulation, in turn, evidence relating them to pro‐social behavior in the presence of a possibility for reciprocity and temporal conflict was relatively weak.Different features of social situations may activate different personality traits to influence pro‐social behavior, but more research is needed to fully understand these person–situation interactions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Alterations of empathy have been observed in patients with various mental disorders. The Perth Empathy Scale (PES) was recently developed to measure a multidimensional construct of empathy across positive and negative emotions. However, its psychometric properties and clinical applications have not been examined in the Chinese context. Methods: The Chinese version of the PES was developed and administered to a large Chinese sample (n = 1090). Factor structure, internal consistency, test–retest reliability, and convergent, discriminant, as well as concurrent validity were examined. Moreover, 50 patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) and 50 healthy controls were recruited to explore the clinical utility of the PES. Results: Confirmatory factor analyses supported a theoretically congruent three‐factor structure of empathy, namely Cognitive Empathy, Negative Affective Empathy and Positive Affective Empathy. The PES showed good to excellent internal consistency reliability, good convergent and discriminant validity, acceptable concurrent validity, and moderate to high test–retest reliability. Patients with MDD had significantly lower PES scores compared to healthy controls. Linear discriminant function comprised of the three factors correctly differentiated 71% of participants, which further verified the clinical utility of the PES. Conclusions: Our findings indicated that the Chinese version of the PES is a reliable and valid instrument to measure cognitive and affective empathy across negative and positive emotions, and could therefore be used in both research and clinical practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: This study focuses on the phenomenon of demoralization, a common experience among terminally ill patients, especially those diagnosed with cancer. The primary objective is to adapt and validate a practical assessment tool for demoralization, the Demoralization Scale‐24 (DS‐24), within the context of Iranian society. Methods: In this cross‐sectional study, we employed the DS‐24 as the principal instrument, which had been exactly translated and evaluated for its psychometric properties in 160 Persian cancer patients. The assessment included exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), as well as evaluations of convergent validity and internal consistency or reliability. Results: The CFA unveiled a five‐factor model, consistent with the original structure of the DS‐24. Moreover, statistically significant correlations were observed between the DS‐24 and both the Beck Depression and MUNSH happiness scales. Cronbach's alpha indicated high internal consistency, with a value of.92 for the total score. Conclusion: In Iran, like in other countries, the demoralization questionnaire demonstrates significant validity and reliability. This ensures the timely diagnosis of demoralization in cancer patients and the prompt initiation of therapeutic interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to translate the Short Scale of Creative Self (SSCS) into Japanese and examine its psychometric properties. In total, 1,436 participants (Study 1: N = 957, Study 2: N = 479) completed the questionnaires. In Study 1, confirmatory factor analyses for Japanese versions of the scales resulted in bi‐factor structures comprising one general factor and two subfactors; namely, creative self‐efficacy (CSE) and creative personal identity (CPI). However, the Japanese version of the SSCS (SSCS‐J) was essentially unidimensional, and scoring based on CSE and CPI lacked support. Therefore, it was necessary to calculate the total SSCS‐J item scores to measure the creative self. Study 2 provided evidence for the concurrent, convergent, and discriminant validity of the scale. The current study also found that the SSCS‐J had adequate test–retest reliability. The present findings suggest that the SSCS‐J has sufficient reliability and validity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose/aim: Improve content validity of the Ageism Scale for Dental Students (ASDS) and identify barriers to using the scale. Methods: Thematic analysis of transcripts of three purposively sampled focus groups of 1) geriatric dentistry specialists, 2) older adult dental patients, and 3) dental students. Results: Twenty‐five participants engaged in focus groups. No new concepts to define ageism were identified. Experts found the scale acceptable and appropriate, yet they raised specific potential revisions to scale questions. Commonly reported themes already addressed by ASDS included the importance of tailoring decision‐making to patient preference and not making assumptions about older adults' capacity or preferences for dental care. Barriers to identifying ageism or using the scale included experiential differences in interpreting scale items, cultural differences in attitudes towards older adults, and potential overlap with social determinants of health. Secondary findings include recommendations for older‐adult focused training for dental students to provide positive, concrete guidance on caring for older adults. Conclusion: There are opportunities to refine the Ageism Scale for Dental Students and to allow tailoring of the scale for specific national or cultural contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and purpose: The amplitude, timing, and determinants of improvement with available treatments are uncertain in chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP). Our primary objective was to quantify categorized outcomes with routine care. Methods: We retrospectively studied treatment response within 36 months from initiation in 112 consecutive subjects with CIDP. Response was classified into a proposed new "CIDP treatment‐response category" (CT‐RC), based on achieved endpoints. Determinants of the CT‐RC, of timing of maximum improvement, and of treatment discontinuation were ascertained. Results: The CT‐RC demonstrated high concurrent validity with current outcome measures. Thirty‐six subjects (32.1%) achieved a "complete response," 37 (33%) a "good partial response," 10 (8.9%) a "moderate partial response," and 15 (13.4%) a "poor partial response." Fourteen subjects (12.5%) were "nonresponsive." The CT‐RC was independently predicted only by age. Mean time to maximum improvement was 12.1 months (range = 1–36) and was not associated with any pretreatment covariate. Treatment discontinuation occurred in 24 of 62 (38.2%) partial responders and was only associated with shorter pretreatment disease duration. Nonresponders were older and received a similar number of treatments compared to responders. Conclusions: CT‐RC classification indicates persistent disability in >60% of treatment responders in CIDP. Timing of maximum improvement is variable, frequently delayed, and unpredictable. Treatment withdrawal without deterioration is achievable in approximately 40% of subjects and may be more likely with prompt treatment. Treatment withdrawal in partial responders and limited escalation in nonresponders suggest implication of physician‐ and patient‐related factors in suboptimal response. More effective treatments/treatment methods and better understanding of other factors influencing response are needed in CIDP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary Understanding healthcare professionals' perceptions and approaches to obesity management is limited, as are the barriers impeding effective care. A questionnaire was developed to explore the perception, and barriers to obesity management. To ensure content validity, an expert and stakeholder panel evaluated the relevance and comprehension of each item. Consequently, a cross‐sectional survey was administered to endocrinologists (Endo), general practitioners (GP), and pharmacists (Pharm). A 46‐item questionnaire was developed, validated, and completed by 502 healthcare professionals (Endo: n = 127; GP: n = 138; Pharm: n = 237). The majority agreed that obesity is a chronic disease (Endo = 96%; GP = 92.7%; Pharm = 87%). The conversation about obesity management is mostly initiated by the healthcare professional (Endo = 95.3%; GP = 73.9%; Pharm = 5.9%) instead of the patient (Endo = 55.1%; GP = 21.7%; Pharm = 11.8%). All professionals stated unanimously that there is a need to optimise obesity care in Belgium with identified barriers: motivational (Endo = 90.8%; GP = 90.8%; Pharm = 89.2%), financial (Endo = 96.9%; GP = 88.5%; Pharm = 76.3%), and a lack of structure (Endo = 81.5%; GP = 78.6%; Pharm = 81.5%). A total of 42.4% of the healthcare providers indicated that they did not follow any additional training. These findings highlight that healthcare professionals recognise obesity as a chronic disease, but that barriers need to be addressed to enhance effective care and support for people living with obesity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose Methods Results Conclusion Implications for practice To evaluate the content validity evidence of the nursing outcome “sexual functioning” from the Nursing Outcomes Classification (NOC).A multi‐method study, including a methodological study analyzing the content validity evidence of the NOC outcome and sexual functioning, and a quantitative, descriptive, cross‐sectional study. In the first phase, a literature review was conducted to map and identify clinical indicators associated with sexual functioning to construct the conceptual (CD) and operational definitions (ODs) of each outcome indicator. In the second phase, experts assessed the CD and OD for clarity, theoretical relevance, and theoretical pertinence. The critical validity ratio (CVR) was calculated for each indicator. In the third phase, a pilot test of sexual functioning measurement was conducted with 33 patients hospitalized for coronary artery disease. Internal consistency was calculated through Cronbach's alpha.The CD and OD were constructed based on 120 articles and analyzed by 13 experts; four rounds were required to achieve the critical CVR in each phase. In the pilot test, the nursing outcome achieved a Cronbach's alpha of 0.95, and the mean assessment time was 26 min. Indicators with the highest mean scores were related to knowledge of personal needs and capabilities and comfort with one's own body.The CD and OD developed for the NOC outcome, sexual functioning, had adequate evidence of content validity. The outcome content has high internal consistency. Further studies on the validity of the nursing outcome should be conducted to increase its validity.The nursing outcome, sexual functioning, can be a tool used by nurses to evaluate the effect of nursing education and interventions on sexual functioning in the adult population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Poor early childhood self‐regulation is related to many mental health problems and antisocial behaviours, so it is important to use psychometrically sound instruments to assess children's self‐regulation and behavioural development. The aim of this study is to report the translation, adaptation, as well as explore the construct validity of the child self‐regulation & behaviour questionnaire (CSBQ) for the Brazilian context. The process consisted of different steps, such as transcultural translation, item intelligibility analysis, and psychometric analysis based on classical and contemporary theories. The validation process was carried out on a sample of 277 parents/caregivers (35.00 ± 6.72 years old) of 281 children (4.92 ± 1.45 years old; 156 females). The final Brazilian version showed adequate values of semantic, idiomatic, and conceptual equivalence. The validation process resulted in a seven‐dimensional model with 33 items. The validation of Brazilian CSBQ is promising for investigating early self‐regulation and behaviour problems in low‐middle income contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The assessment of autobiographical memory is challenging in clinical settings. The Autobiographical Fluency Task (AFT) – that is designed to test both Episodic Autobiographical Memory (EAM) and experience‐near Personal Semantics (enPS) – may represent a feasible and rapid method to test access to autobiographical memories. Here we tested the reliability and the construct validity of the AFT. A total number of 51 individuals participated in the present study, with 24 included in Experiment 1 and 27 in Experiment 2. In Experiment 1, participants performed both the AFT and the Survey of Autobiographical Memory (SAM). In Experiment 2, participants completed the AFT and the Autobiographical Interview (AI). The AFT showed a moderate‐to‐high reliability. Also, EAM and enPS scores significantly correlated with the episodic subscale of the SAM. Results of Experiment 1 were replicated and expanded in Experiment 2. Again, the AFT showed a high reliability. Both EAM and enPS showed a significant correlation with the number of internal details produced during the AI; enPS also correlated with the number of external details. Overall, the present results show that the AFT may be a feasible instrument to assess autobiographical memory, especially for testing episodic autobiographical memory and experience‐near personal semantics in clinical settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: The 25‐item Hikikomori Questionnaire (HQ‐25) is an instrument developed to measure a condition characterized by extreme social withdrawal that was first described in Japan. This study aimed to translate the HQ‐25 into German and validate the German version (HQ‐25‐G). Methods: Translation was conducted according to established guidelines. Validation was based on data from a quota sample of individuals living in Germany, ranging from 18 to 74 years old (representing the distribution of age, sex and federal state, n = 5000). Data collection occurred during August and September 2023. We tested reliability, construct validity and concurrent validity. Moreover, HQ‐25 scores for key sociodemographic group were reported. Results: Internal reliability for the HQ‐25‐G was excellent (Cronbach's alpha = 0.93). We confirmed the original three‐factor model. Moreover, higher hikikomori levels were significantly associated with more depressive symptoms (r = 0.50), more anxiety symptoms (r = 0.45), higher loneliness levels (r = 0.56), higher levels of objective social isolation (r = −0.47), higher levels of perceived social isolation (r = 0.59) and a higher preference for solitude (r = 0.45). Conclusions: In a large population‐based sample (including younger adults, middle‐aged adults and older adults), the HQ‐25‐G version proves to be a psychometrically robust instrument, which is useful for further exploring the phenomenon of hikikomori within the German‐speaking population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Clinical fear of cancer recurrence (FCR) was recently defined by a group of experts during a Delphi study. Five criteria were agreed upon, namely: (a) high levels of preoccupation, (b) high levels of worry, (c) that are persistent, (d) hypervigilance and hypersensitivity to physical sensations that e) may result in functional impairment. No existing instruments comprehensively capture all these criteria for clinical FCR. Methods: To remedy this gap, a set of three patient‐reported outcome instruments including a one‐item screener, self‐report questionnaire, and semi‐structured clinical interview, named the Ottawa Clinical Fear of Recurrence instruments, were developed. To do so, the research team first conducted a literature review of potential items. Additional FCR experts discussed the content of the screener and interview. The self‐report's items were assessed for content validity by the same expert panel using Likert ratings and the Content Validity Index to narrow down the number of items. The three instruments were piloted with a group of cancer survivors to assess face validity following the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer recommendations. Results: The literature review and content validity assessment led to a final draft pre‐pilot of 23 potential items for the self‐report questionnaire. The instruments were piloted. Pilot study participants suggested changing wording and response options (particularly for the self‐report) for greater clarity. Conclusions: Based on the feedback received, minor modifications were made, mostly for the self‐report. In general, content and face validity for the three instruments were good for both experts and cancer survivors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]