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The aim of this descriptive and exploratory study was to compare the female nursing staff's subjectively experienced health and well-being in two different types of welfare system. This is achieved through demonstrating the possible differences between Swedish and Spanish female nursing staff with regard to living environment, health and satisfaction with general social conditions. For data collection we used a questionnaire answered by 293 nurses and assistant nurses in Spain and 464 in Sweden. The results show significant differences in health. In all aspects Swedish women experience a better health situation. For Spanish women dissatisfaction with their work situation and leisure is strongly significant (p<0.001) and correlates negatively with their health. For Swedish women dissatisfaction with home and family situation, social intercourse, work situation and leisure (p<0.001) has a negative influence on their health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]