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Background: Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) can invade and cause harm to the human body through various pathways, but there is currently little research on the relationship between mixed‐PAHs exposure and periodontitis. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of mixed‐urinary PAHs exposure on periodontitis in adults in the United States. Methods: The cross‐sectional study included 2749 subjects selected from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2009–2014 cycles. A professional examination of the periodontal status was conducted to distinguish between periodontitis and non‐periodontitis based on the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention/American Academy of Periodontology (CDC/AAP) case definition. Laboratory testing of urine samples was performed to obtain the levels of urinary PAHs. Pearson correlation coefficients were utilized to determine the degree of correlation between urinary PAHs, while weighted binary logistic regression and Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) were employed to evaluate the relationship between urinary PAHs and periodontitis. Results: In a single‐exposure model, 3‐hydroxyfluorene (OH‐3F), 2‐hydroxyfluorene (OH‐2F), 1‐hydroxyphenanthrene (OH‐1Ph), and 2‐hydroxyphenanthrene and 3‐hydroxyphenanthrene (OH‐2,3Ph) were positively associated with periodontitis risk. In the mixed‐exposure model, BKMR analysis demonstrated that mixed exposure to urinary PAHs was positively associated with periodontitis, with OH‐2F being the most critical factor for the overall mixed effects (posterior inclusion probability [PIP] = 0.98). Univariate exposure–response function and univariate effects analysis revealed a positive correlation between urinary OH‐2F levels and periodontitis. Conclusions: The study reveals a significant positive correlation between exposure to mixed PAHs and periodontitis, with a particular emphasis on the pivotal role of OH‐2F. Mitigating PAHs in the environment may serve as a preventive measure against periodontitis and alleviate its global public health burden. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Anomaly detection aims at locating the spectral different objects of a specific scene without any prior information, and has gained increasing attention. By decomposing the input hyperspectral image (HSI) into a background tensor and an anomaly tensor, the tensor approximation is an efficient tool for detecting the anomalies. Low rankness is usually utilized as the regularizer during the background reconstruction process. Different from most existing hyperspectral anomaly detection methods which compute the truncated nuclear norm of the third folding of the original HSI, a novel weighted‐sparsity‐regularized tensor linear representation (WsrTLR) method is proposed for hyperspectral anomaly detection in this paper. Tensor linear representation is utilized to formulate the background HSI by a three‐dimensional (3D) representation base and the corresponding 3D representation coefficient. Low rankness is applied to constrict the representation coefficient, an operation which avoids destroying the multi‐way structure and losing information during the matrixing process, and ensures a satisfactory detection accuracy. Meanwhile, by incorporating the weighted‐sparsity‐regularized tensor linear representation to reconstruct the background tensor, the anomalies can be easily detected by eliminating the background tensor from the original scene. In addition, to avoid negative influence caused by the redundant bands and noisy bands in the representation process, informative bands have been first selected via an optimal neighborhood reconstruction strategy. Experimental results and data analysis on four real hyperspectral datasets, which contain anomalies with different sizes, have demonstrated the effectiveness of the proposed method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Crustacyanin has the function of binding astaxanthin which is the best antioxidant, and plays an important role in the body color variation of crustaceans. To investigate the causes of body color variation of the ridgetail white prawn, Exopalaemon carinicauda, the present study obtained four subtypes of crustacyanin gene: C1, C2, A1, and A2. Based on fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction, lipocalin‐C1 is mainly expressed in the eyestalk, lipocalin‐C2 is in the ventral nerve cord, and lipocalin‐A1 and lipocalin‐A2 are in subcutaneous adipose tissues. Under the inhibiting effect of Cd2+ stress, the expression of four subtypes first increases and then decreases within 24 h, and reaches the maximum at 6 or 12 h. RNA interference experiments showed a decrease in the expression of lipocalin genes in subcutaneous adipose tissue for each subtype, with the body color changing from transparent to red, and the dark red spots on the epidermis changing to bright red. Moreover, the blue protein in the subcutaneous adipose tissue largely disappeared, based on the light micrographs. In view of these findings, the crustacyanin gene appears to fulfill some function in the resistance to heavy metal stress and body color formation of E. carinicauda. Highlights: Four subtypes of the crustacyanin gene in E. carinicauda were cloned for the first time, which function were revealed to relate to the change of body color. The expression of crustacyanin gene involved in resistance to heavy metal stress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), which is characterized by chronic abdominal pain, has a high global prevalence. The anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), which is a pivotal region involved in pain processing, should be further investigated regarding its role in the regulation of visceral sensitivity and mental disorders. A C57BL/6J mouse model for IBS was established using chronic acute combining stress (CACS). IBS‐like symptoms were assessed using behavioral tests, intestinal motility measurements, and abdominal withdrawal reflex scores. Fluoro‐Gold retrograde tracing and immunohistochemistry techniques were employed to investigate the projection of ACC gamma‐aminobutyric acid‐producing (GABAergic) neurons to the lateral hypothalamus area (LHA). Chemogenetic approaches enabled the selective activation or inhibition of the ACC–LHA GABAergic pathway. Enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and western blot analyses were conducted to determine the expression of histamine, 5‐hydroxytryptamine (5‐HT), and transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 (TRPV4). Our findings suggest that CACS induced IBS‐like symptoms in mice. The GABA type A receptors (GABAAR) within LHA played a regulatory role in modulating IBS‐like symptoms. The chemogenetic activation of ACC–LHA GABAergic neurons elicited anxiety‐like behaviors, intestinal dysfunction, and visceral hypersensitivity in normal mice; however, these effects were effectively reversed by the administration of the GABAAR antagonist Bicuculline. Conversely, the chemogenetic inhibition of ACC–LHA GABAergic neurons alleviated anxiety‐like behaviors, intestinal dysfunction, and visceral hypersensitivity in the mouse model for IBS. These results highlight the crucial involvement of the ACC–LHA GABAergic pathway in modulating anxiety‐like behaviors, intestinal motility alterations, and visceral hypersensitivity, suggesting a potential therapeutic strategy for alleviating IBS‐like symptoms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]