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In this paper, we show that for α∈(1/2,5/4)$\alpha \in (1/2,5/4)$, there exists a force f$f$ and two distinct Leray–Hopf flows u1,u2$u_1,u_2$ solving the forced fractional Navier–Stokes equation starting from rest. This shows that the J. L. Lions exponent is sharp in the class of Leray–Hopf solutions for the forced fractional Navier–Stokes equation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Apparent treatment‐resistant hypertension (aTRH) is the most commonly used term to report resistant hypertension (RH) and is considered as a common problem in dialysis population. However, few reports have focused on peritoneal dialysis (PD) hypertensive patients. The authors conducted a multi‐center cross‐sectional study involving 1789 PD patients from nine centers in Guangdong, China. The prevalence of aTRH was estimated by home blood pressure (BP) monitoring. Evaluating drug adherence through Eight‐item Morisky Medication Adherence Scale (MMAS‐8) and pill counting was performed to assess RH in one PD center. Related factors of aTRH were analyzed using logistic regression analysis. The prevalence of aTRH in PD patients was estimated at 42.2% (755 out of 1789 hypertensive patients) based on home BP. Of those, 91.4% patients were classified as uncontrolled RH, 2.0% as controlled RH, and 6.6% as refractory hypertension. The prevalence of RH was 40.6% and 41.9% among those with medium/high adherence based on the MMAS‐8 scores and the pill counting rate, respectively. PD patients who were younger, with higher body mass index, with lower serum albumin and poorer dialysis adequacy were significantly associated with higher aTRH incident. In conclusion, the present study demonstrates a high prevalence of aTRH in PD population, which occurs in about two in five treated hypertensive patients. Nutritional status and dialysis adequacy might tightly associate with aTRH. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we consider the Cauchy problem for the fractional Schrödinger equation iDtαu−(−Δ)β2u=0 with 0 < α < 1, β > 0. We establish the dispersive estimates by a carefully study of the Mittag‐Leffler functions and give some applications as well. In particular, we prove that the decay rates are sharp. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Primary insomnia is a worldwide problem and it has a considerable negative impact on one's physical and mental health. Studies have shown that non‐synonymous Single‐nucleotide polymorphisms in 5‐hydroxytryptamine (serotonin or 5‐HT) are related to primary insomnia. Previous studies have shown that 5‐HT polymorphism (rs140700) is related to depression, and insomnia is often accompanied by depression and anxiety. The relationship between this site and primary insomnia is unknown. We speculated that this site may be related to primary insomnia, so we investigated the relationship between rs140700 and primary insomnia. Aims: To explore the relationship between the 5‐HT gene polymorphism rs140700 and primary insomnia. Methods: In this study, we included 57 patients with primary insomnia and 54 age‐ and gender‐matched normal controls. The subjects who belonged to the Chinese population were subjected to polysomnography for three consecutive nights. Their sleep quality was assessed, and the genotypes of the 5‐hydroxytryptamine (5‐HT) gene polymorphism rs140700 were determined by the flight mass spectrometry. Results: The genotype distributions of the 5‐HT gene polymorphism rs140700 were in Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium in both patients and controls (P > 0.05). The allele and genotype distributions of this variant were comparable between the patients and controls in all subjects and between genders (all P > 0.05). The influence of rs140700 on percentage of stage 1 (P = 0.015) change and arousal index (P = 0.028) of primary insomnia was statistically significant. The logistic multi‐factor regression analysis results revealed that 5‐HT gene polymorphism rs140700 was not a risk factor for primary insomnia in the Chinese population (P = 0.589). Conclusions: The 5‐HT gene polymorphism rs140700 may not be a susceptibility locus for primary insomnia in the Chinese population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Zeolite imidazolate frameworks (ZIFs) have recently emerged as an ideal type of carbon precursors with abundant tailorability. In this work, a series of ZIF‐derived porous carbon catalysts have been prepared with encapsulation of bimetallic oxide nanoparticles via simple thermal treatment. The composition and structure of these catalysts were confirmed in detail by different characterization methods. The bimetallic oxide (Mn/Co, Fe/Co, and Cu/Co) nanoparticles were encapsulated in the nitrogen‐doped graphitized carbon matrix. Moreover, the hierarchically porous structure and carbon defects were successfully constructed in the carbon catalysts. Additionally, in the selective oxidation of saturated C–H bonds in alkyl arenes, the carbon catalysts demonstrate outstanding performance for the oxidation of C–H bonds to corresponding carboxyl groups. This was due to their unique structure can greatly promote mass transfer and molecular oxygen activation, resulting in high conversion and high selectivity. Remarkably, this work here could also provide a novel strategy to the controllable synthesis of metal–organic frameworks (MOFs)‐derived carbon catalysts for enhanced performance in heterogeneous catalysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we investigate the Hölder regularity of solutions to the time fractional Schrödinger equation of order 1<α<2, which interpolates between the Schrödinger and wave equations. This is inspired by Hirata and Miao's work which studied the fractional diffusion‐wave equation. First, we give the asymptotic behavior for the oscillatory distributional kernels and their Bessel potentials by using Fourier analytic techniques. Then, the space regularity is derived by employing some results on singular Fourier multipliers. Using the asymptotic behavior for the above kernels, we prove the time regularity. Finally, we use mismatch estimates to prove the pointwise convergence to the initial data in Hölder spaces. In addition, we also prove Hölder regularity result for the Schrödinger equation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The potential threat of domestic dogs to wildlife habitat in China is not widely recognized, despite their large population, lack of regulations regarding their control, and threat they pose to native species. In a case study in 2017, we surveyed villages surrounding Liziping Nature Reserve, the primary site for the release of captive‐born giant pandas (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) into the wild. We conducted surveys of dog owners to assess the population size, demographics, free‐roaming status, and vaccination and sterilization history of their dogs. We collected blood and fecal samples to assess the prevalence of viral and parasite disease threats. At least 370 owned dogs lived near the core giant panda habitat; 64% were free‐roaming, 21% had positive antibody titers for ≥1 of the 4 viruses we tested (canine distemper, parvovirus, rotavirus, rabies), and 67% were positive for gastrointestinal parasites. The high proportion of free‐roaming dogs, uninhibited access to the reserve, and high prevalence of infectious diseases indicate that dogs pose a serious threat to wildlife within Liziping. The extent of this threat throughout the giant panda nature reserve network is unknown and should be assessed. © 2019 The Authors. Journal of Wildlife Management published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of The Wildlife Society. Numerous free‐ranging domestic dogs were located close to Liziping National Nature Reserve, a primary location of giant panda reintroductions and conservation. Viral and parasitic disease threats to giant pandas and other wildlife were present in the population, indicating a need for immediate management action. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Failure mode and effects analysis (FMEA) is an engineering and management technique, which is widely used to define, identify, and eliminate known or potential failures, problems, errors, and risk from the design, process, service, and so on. In a typical FMEA, the risk evaluation is determined by using the risk priority number (RPN), which is obtained by multiplying the scores of the occurrence, severity, and detection. However, because of the uncertainty in FMEA, the traditional RPN has been criticized because of several shortcomings. In this paper, an evidential downscaling method for risk evaluation in FMEA is proposed. In FMEA model, we utilize evidential reasoning approach to express the assessment from different experts. Multi-expert assessments are transformed to a crisp value with weighted average method. Then, Euclidean distance from multi-scale is applied to construct the basic belief assignments in Dempster-Shafer evidence theory application. According to the proposed method, the number of ratings is decreased from 10 to 3, and the frame of discernment is decreased from 210 to 23, which greatly decreases the computational complexity. Dempster's combination rule is utilized to aggregate the assessment of risk factors. We illustrate a numerical example and use the proposed method to deal with the risk priority evaluation in FMEA. The results and comparison show that the proposed method is more flexible and reasonable for real applications. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dependence assessment among human errors in human reliability analysis (HRA) is an important issue. Many of the dependence assessment methods in HRA rely heavily on the expert's opinion, thus are subjective and may sometimes cause inconsistency. In this article, we propose a computational model based on the Dempster-Shafer evidence theory (DSET) and the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) method to handle dependence in HRA. First, dependence influencing factors among human tasks are identified and the weights of the factors are determined by experts using the AHP method. Second, judgment on each factor is given by the analyst referring to anchors and linguistic labels. Third, the judgments are represented as basic belief assignments (BBAs) and are integrated into a fused BBA by weighted average combination in DSET. Finally, the CHEP is calculated based on the fused BBA. The proposed model can deal with ambiguity and the degree of confidence in the judgments, and is able to reduce the subjectivity and improve the consistency in the evaluation process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]