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Target detection in infrared remote sensing images has important practical applications. Among the current high‐performance methods, the deep learning‐based methods require training samples, and their generalization ability is also limited by the training set. The separation of low‐rank and sparse matrix requires joint processing of multiple images with high computational complexity. The track‐before‐detect algorithms based on particle filtering also have high computational complexity. In this paper, the low‐rank and sparse matrix of a single image are proposed for target detection, and a differentiable objective function is used in the separation. At the same time, an extended multitarget tracking algorithm based on random sets is used for target filtering between frames, and the design of the filters adopts the conjugate distribution under the Bayesian framework. Finally, the practical infrared sequence images containing multiple targets and complex backgrounds were employed to verify the performance of the proposed algorithms by comparing them with state‐of‐the‐art algorithms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Diallyl disulfide (DADS), an organic component of allicin abstracted from garlic, possesses multi‐target antitumor activity. DJ‐1 performs a vital function in promoting AKT aberrant activation via down‐regulating phosphatase and tensin homologue (PTEN) in tumors. It is unknown the involvement of DJ‐1 in epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) of gastric cancer (GC) cells. The purpose of this study is to investigate whether diallyl disulfide (DADS) intervenes in the role of DJ‐1 in GC. Based on the identification that the correlation between high DJ‐1 and low PTEN expression in GC was implicated in clinical progression, we illuminated that down‐regulation of DJ‐1 by DADS aided in an increase in PTEN expression and a decrease in phosphorylated AKT levels, which was in line with the results manifested in the DJ‐1 knockdown and overexpressed cells, concurrently inhibiting proliferation, EMT, migration, and invasion. Furthermore, the antagonistic effects of DADS on DJ‐1 were observed in in vivo experiments. Additionally, DADS mitigated the DJ‐1‐associated drug resistance. The current study revealed that DJ‐1 is one of potential targets for DADS, which hopefully provides a promising strategy for prevention and adjuvant chemotherapy of GC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To investigate the associations of individual and combined healthy lifestyle factors (HLS) with the risk of stroke in individuals with diabetes in China. Methods: This prospective analysis included 41 314 individuals with diabetes [15 191 from the Comprehensive Research on the Prevention and Control of the Diabetes (CRPCD) project and 26 123 from the China Kadoorie Biobank (CKB) study]. Associations of lifestyle factors, including cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption, physical activity, diet, body shape and sleep duration, with the risk of stroke, intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH) and ischaemic stroke (IS) were assessed using Cox proportional hazard models. Results: During median follow‐up periods of 8.02 and 9.05 years, 2499 and 4578 cases of stroke, 2147 and 4024 of IS, and 160 and 728 of ICH were documented in individuals with diabetes in the CRPCD and CKB cohorts, respectively. In the CRPCD cohort, patients with ≥5 HLS had a 14% lower risk of stroke (hazard ratio (HR): 0.86, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.75‐0.98) than those with ≤2 HLS. In the CKB cohort, the adjusted HR (95% CI) for patients with ≥5 HLS were 0.74 (0.66‐0.83) for stroke, 0.74 (0.66‐0.83) for IS, and 0.57 (0.42‐0.78) for ICH compared with those with ≤2 HLS. The pooled adjusted HR (95% CI) comparing patients with ≥5 HLS versus ≤2 HLS was 0.79 (0.69‐0.92) for stroke, 0.80 (0.68‐0.93) for IS, and 0.60 (0.46‐0.78) for ICH. Conclusions: Maintaining a healthy lifestyle was associated with a lower risk of stroke, IS and ICH among individuals with diabetes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Digital samples offer many opportunities to study subsurface fluid flow and contaminant transport processes. The pore size distribution of especially fine‐textured porous media often covers many orders of magnitude in the length scale, which makes accurate microCT scanning and modeling of the underlying processes difficult. When a single‐resolution image is not capable of capturing all relevant details of a sample, one should scan the sample, or selected parts of it, at different resolutions. Combining multiple resolutions into one single sample for subsequent pore‐scale modeling is generally not possible due to limitations in computer memory and speed, thus making it necessary to create a simpler sample containing relevant information from the parent networks. We imaged four samples using different resolutions to capture the multiscale heterogeneity of a fine‐textured soil and combined them into one overall digital sample based on the original pore networks. The parent networks were characterized using their geometrical properties, correlations between these properties, and connectivity functions describing the network topologies. Our approach creates stochastic networks of arbitrary size with the same flow properties as the parent network. The method, implemented using the PoreStudio pore network model, repeatedly integrates information at two subsequent scales, with the resulting digital sample having the same hydraulic properties as the original samples. The procedure leads to more useful three‐dimensional digital models, facilitating basic analyses of underlying pore size distributions. Porosity calculations were compared with direct measurements, while those for the hydraulic conductivity were compared with estimates based on the particle size distribution and nearby field data. Core Ideas: A stochastic method was used to combine four computed microtomography samples with different resolutions into one digital sample.The approach was applied to a fine‐textured tropical soil with a very broad pore‐size distribution.The methodology kept the same digital porosity as the original pore networks and enhanced the flow properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This comment concerns evaluation of the Mualem–van Genuchten (MvG) unsaturated soil hydraulic functions at very low (negative) pressure heads as described recently in an important study by Heinen. He showed that below some critical pressure head, the unsaturated hydraulic conductivity should be approximated by a power function, even when evaluated using double precision computations. We show that a more precise approximation is possible when the approximation is formulated in terms of effective fluid saturation (Se) rather than the pressure head, h. More general constraints are also provided when the approximated hydraulic conductivity equation should be used. The alternative formulation and constraints were implemented earlier in the SOHYP and RETC software packages. Core Ideas: Accurate evaluation of the Mualem–van Genuchten (MvG) unsaturated hydraulic conductivity in very dry soils sometimes require some approximation for certain hydraulic parameter sets.The approximation is shown more accurate when formulated in terms of effective fluid saturation, Se, rather than the pressure head, h, as used by Heinen (2023).More flexible constraints are also possible when the Se–based approximation is to be used. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Designing single‐component fluorochromic metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) with multiple stages presents a significant challenge in the field of functional and smart MOFs. In this study, this challenge is successfully addressed by designing and synthesizing a novel ligand called cyclooctatetrathiophene‐tetrapyridine (COTTTP), and incorporating it into 3D MOFs known as Zn/Cd‐COTTTP. By exploiting the intrinsic properties of COTTTP, specifically its ability to undergo geometry changes from a bent form to a more planar form, both COTTTP as an individual molecule and the resulting Zn/Cd‐COTTTP MOFs exhibit similar fluorochromic behavior. This behavior manifests as a color change from yellow to orange to red. Characterization techniques such as single crystal X‐ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, solid‐state UV–vis and near‐infrared spectroscopy, and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy are employed to investigate and confirm the geometry change of COTTTP within the MOF structures. Furthermore, the introduction of an auxiliary rigid ligand to the system is explored, which effectively restricts the geometry change of COTTTP and subsequently diminishes the fluorochromic behavior. This work sheds new light on the design and application of smart porous materials, particularly in the realm of single‐component fluorochromic MOFs. The successful incorporation of COTTTP and the understanding of its geometry change provide insights into the development of functional and responsive MOFs for various applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Alkaline earth (AE) metal complexes have garnered significant interest in various functional fields due to their nontoxicity, low density, and low cost. However, there is a lack of systematic investigation into the structural characteristics and physical properties of AE‐metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs). In this research, we synthesized isostructural MOFs consisting of AE4(μ4‐Cl) clusters bridged by benzo‐(1,2;3,4;5,6)‐tris(thiophene‐2′‐carboxylic acid) (BTTC3−) ligands. The resulting structure forms a truncated octahedral cage denoted as [AE4(m4‐Cl)]6(BTTC)8, which further linked to a porous three‐dimensional framework. Among the investigated AE ions (Ca, Sr, and Ba), the Ca4‐MOF demonstrated good chemical stability in water compared to Sr4‐MOF and Ba4‐MOF. The N2 adsorption and solid‐state UV‐vis‐NIR absorption behaviors were evaluated for all AE4‐MOFs, showing similar trends among the different metal ions. Additionally, the proton conduction study revealed that the Ca4‐MOF exhibited ultra‐high proton conductivity, reaching 3.52×10−2 S cm−1 at 343 K and 98 % RH. Notably, the introduction of LiCl via guest exchange resulted in an improved proton conduction of up to 6.36×10−2 S cm−1 under similar conditions in the modified LiCl@Ca4‐MOF. The findings shed light on the regulation of physical properties and proton conductivity of AE‐MOFs, providing valuable insights for their potential applications in various fields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Perovskite solar cells have become a leading contender in next‐generation photovoltaic technologies due to their high efficiency and low‐cost potential. Managing the deep defects present effectively in the crystal lattice and at the interfaces is essential for enhancing the performance and longevity of perovskite solar cells. Here, perovskite's crystallization modulation and interfacial defect passivation are achieved by developing a guanidinium iodide (GAI)‐based surface passivation strategy. The integration of GAI passivates the grain boundaries, leading to a perovskite thin film with a smoother and more uniform grain distribution, facilitating charge carrier transport. Notably, the ammonium group, unsaturated nitrogen atoms, and iodide ions in GAI can collectively repair the surface defects of perovskite through various pathways, effectively suppressing non‐radiative recombination, thereby enhancing the photovoltaic performance of the device. Ultimately, the champion device treated with GAI achieves a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 23.02% and demonstrates similar ambient stability under unencapsulated conditions. These findings underscore the effectiveness of GAI passivation as a strategy to balance the improvement of the performance and stability of perovskite solar cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Investigating the reversible structural transformation of stimuli‐responsive metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) through single‐crystal diffraction and establishing a structure–property relationship pose a significant challenge. Herein, the controllable synthesis of Co‐MOF‐1 and Co‐MOF‐2 by incorporating water into the solvothermal synthesis process is presented. In comparison to the trinuclear [Co3(COO)8]2− clusters found in Co‐MOF‐1, Co‐MOF‐2 presents a variable dinuclear [Co2(COO)4(H2O)5] cluster. Single crystal diffraction studies, utilizing synchrotron radiation, confirm the reversible two‐step transformation. The presence of various organic solvents induces the single‐crystal‐to‐single‐crystal (SC‐to‐SC) transformation of Co‐MOF‐2. This transformation is initiated by the cleavage of three coordinated water molecules and subsequent coordination of carboxylates in the ligand, resulting in solvatochromic behavior. Further, the reversible stimuli‐responsive behavior can also be rapidly induced under the stimuli of heat, vacuum, and X‐rays. This study successfully demonstrates the crystallographic and spectroscopic snapshots of dynamic coordination bonds in MOFs and contributes to a deeper understanding of the structure–property relationship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electrically conductive metal–organic frameworks (cMOFs) have garnered significant attention in materials science due to their potential applications in modern electrical devices. However, achieving effective modulation of their conductivity has proven to be a major challenge. In this study, we have successfully prepared cMOFs with high conductivity by incorporating electron‐donating fused thiophen rings in the frameworks and extending their π‐conjugated systems through ring‐closing reactions. The conductivity of cMOFs can be precisely modulated ranging from 10−3 to 102 S m−1 by regulating their dimensions and topologies. Furthermore, leveraging the inherent tunable electrical properties based on topology, we successfully demonstrated the potential of these materials as chemiresistive gas sensors with an outstanding response toward 100 ppm NH3 at room temperature. This work not only provides valuable insights into the design of functional cMOFs with different topologies but also enriches the cMOF family with exceptional conductivity properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The cross‐shelf carbon transports across a section along the 100 m isobath from Taiwan to Cheju are estimated based on carbon concentration observations and ocean currents simulated by a regionally zoomed ocean‐atmosphere coupled model. Results show that the net cross‐shelf particulate organic carbon, dissolved organic carbon, and dissolved inorganic carbon transports are in the offshore direction at 1.81 ± 0.22, 51.8 ± 2.85, and 783 ± 58.9 TgC yr−1, respectively, which are high in spring and summer and low in winter and fall following the seasonality of the offshore volume transport. The carbon is transported into the East China Sea (ECS) mainly by the Taiwan Warm Current and the Yellow Sea Warm Current, whereas they are carried out of the ECS mainly by the East China Sea Current extension and the recirculation north of Taiwan. Assuming steady biological activity, future net total organic carbon transports are projected to increase by 5%∼19% offshore at the end of the 21st century, with the maximum increase in winter, in a high greenhouse gas emission scenario of RCP8.5. The increased carbon transports are due to the increased offshore volume transport, transferring more carbon‐rich coastal water away from the shelf in the warming future than at present. The results quantify cross‐shelf carbon burial in the ECS in the background of global warming. Plain Language Summary: Carbon transport due to water exchange between the continental shelf and the open ocean is one of the most important components of the world ocean carbon budgets. In this study, the cross‐shelf carbon transport in the East China Sea (ECS) is estimated based on in situ carbon concentration observations and simulated ocean currents by an ocean‐atmosphere coupled model. The use of the simulated currents is to avoid a bogus volume surplus in the estimates of the carbon transports. The offshore and the onshore volume transports, with significantly different carbon concentrations, are found to have a strong seasonal cycle and increase in the background of global warming, both of which are much larger than their difference, a.k.a. the net volume transport. As a result, the net cross‐shelf carbon transports are in the offshore direction and are high in spring and summer and low in winter and fall. The organic carbon transports are projected to increase due to the ongoing global warming. These changes in the carbon burial need to be considered when assessing the impact of human activities and warming on the global carbon cycle. Our work would provide scientific evidence for increasing carbon sinks in the ECS in the warming future. Key Points: Carbon transports across the ECS shelf were estimated based on carbon concentration observations and simulated currentsOffshore carbon transports are found induced by the ECSC from the inner shelf to the shelf breakThe organic carbon transports are projected to increase with the global warming at the end of the 21st century [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: To investigate the association between glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) levels and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) incidents in the general population, and the association between HbA1c levels and mortality in patients with COPD. Materials and Methods: We investigated the association of HbA1c levels with COPD risk in the general population in the UK Biobank, using data from 420 065 participants. Survival analysis was conducted for 18 854 patients with COPD. We used restricted cubic spline analysis to assess the dose‐response relationship between HbA1c levels and COPD risk and survival. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results: During a median follow‐up of 12.3 years, 11 556 COPD cases were recorded. HbA1c had a non‐linear relationship with COPD risk (p for non‐linearity <.05). Compared with the quintile 2 (32.2‐<34.3 mmol/mol), those with HbA1c levels above 38.7 mmol/mol (quintile 5) had a 22% (HR, 1.22, 95% CI: 1.15‐1.30) higher risk of COPD. Compared with the HbA1c decile 2 (30.5‐<32.2 mmol/mol), the HRs (95% CI) of COPD risk were 1.16 (1.03‐1.30) and 1.36 (1.24‐1.50) in the lowest HbA1c decile (<30.5 mmol/mol) and highest decile (≥41.0 mmol/mol), respectively. The increased COPD risk associated with HbA1c was more pronounced in younger, current smokers, passive smokers, and participants with a higher Townsend deprivation index (all p for interaction <.05). Among patients with COPD, 4569 COPD cases died (488 because of COPD) during a median follow‐up of 5.4 years. Regarding COPD survival, HbA1c had a non‐linear relationship with all‐cause death (p for non‐linearity <.05). Those with HbA1c quintile 5 (≥38.7 mmol/mol) had a 23% (HR, 1.23, 95% CI: 1.10‐1.37) higher risk of all‐cause death compared with the quintile 2 (32.2‐<34.3 mmol/mol). Compared with the HbA1c decile 4 (33.3‐<34.3 mmol/mol), those in the lowest HbA1c decile (<30.5 mmol/mol) and highest HbA1c decile (≥41.0 mmol/mol) had 22% (HR, 1.22; 95% CI: 1.01‐1.47) and 28% (HR, 1.28; 95% CI: 1.11‐1.48) higher risk for overall death. However, no significant association was observed between HbA1c levels and the risk of COPD‐specific death. Conclusions: Our findings indicated that lower and higher HbA1c levels were associated with a higher risk of COPD. In COPD cases, lower and higher HbA1c levels were associated with a higher COPD all‐cause death risk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The efficiency of antimony selenide (Sb2Se3) solar cells is still limited by significant interface and deep‐level defects, in addition to carrier recombination at the back contact surface. This paper investigates the use of lithium (Li) ions as dopant for Sb2Se3 films, using lithium hydroxide (LiOH) as a dopant medium. Surprisingly, the LiOH solution not only reacts at the back surface of the Sb2Se3 film but also penetrate inside the film along the (Sb4Se6)n molecular chain. First, the Li ions modify the grain boundary's carrier type and create an electric field between p‐type grain interiors and n‐type grain boundary. Second, a gradient band structure is formed along the vertical direction with the diffusion of Li ions. Third, carrier collection and transport are improved at the surface between Sb2Se3 and the Au layer due to the reaction between the film and alkaline solution. Additionally, the diffusion of Li ions increases the crystallinity, orientation, surface evenness, and optical electricity. Ultimately, the efficiency of Sb2Se3 solar cells is improved to 7.57% due to the enhanced carrier extraction, transport, and collection, as well as the reduction of carrier recombination and deep defect density. This efficiency is also a record for CdS/Sb2Se3 solar cells fabricated by rapid thermal evaporation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although the cell atlas of the human ocular anterior segment of the human eye was revealed by single‐nucleus RNA sequencing, whether subtypes of lens stem/progenitor cells exist among epithelial cells and the molecular characteristics of cell differentiation of the human lens remain unclear. Single‐cell RNA sequencing is a powerful tool to analyse the heterogeneity of tissues at the single cell level, leading to a better understanding of the processes of cell differentiation. By profiling 18,596 cells in human lens superficial tissue through single‐cell sequencing, we identified two subtypes of lens epithelial cells that specifically expressed C8orf4 and ADAMTSL4 with distinct spatial localization, a new type of fibre cells located directly adjacent to the epithelium, and a subpopulation of ADAMTSL4+ cells that might be lens epithelial stem/progenitor cells. We also found two trajectories of lens epithelial cell differentiation and changes of some important genes during differentiation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Airborne microorganisms, including pathogens, would change with surrounding environments and become issues of global concern due to their threats to human health. Microbial communities typically contain a few abundant but many rare species. However, how the airborne abundant and rare microbial communities respond to environmental changes is still unclear, especially at hour scale. Here, we used a sequencing approach based on bacterial 16S rRNA genes and fungal ITS2 regions to investigate the high time‐resolved dynamics of airborne bacteria and fungi and to explore the responses of abundant and rare microbes to the atmospheric changes. Our results showed that air pollutants and microbial communities were significantly affected by human activities related to the Chinese New Year (CNY). Before CNY, significant hour‐scale changes in both abundant and rare subcommunities were observed, while only abundant bacterial subcommunity changed with hour time series during CNY. Air pollutants and meteorological parameters explained 61.5%−74.2% variations of abundant community but only 13.3%−21.6% variations of rare communities. These results suggested that abundant species were more sensitive to environmental changes than rare taxa. Stochastic processes predominated in the assembly of abundant communities, but deterministic processes determined the assembly of rare communities. Potential bacterial pathogens during CNY were the highest, suggesting an increased health risk of airborne microbes during CNY. Overall, our findings highlighted the "holiday effect" of CNY on airborne microbes and expanded the current understanding of the ecological mechanisms and health risks of microbes in a changing atmosphere. Highlights: Hour‐scale dynamics of airborne bacteria and fungi were determined.Human activities during Chinese New Year changed the distribution of air pollutants.Environmental changes during Chinese New Year (CNY) affected communities of airborne bacteria and fungi, distinctly.Abundant species were more sensitive than rare taxa in response to changes during CNY.Human activities during CNY increase the threats of airborne microbes to human beings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to the structural complexity and limited controllability of conventional microwave‐absorption materials (MAMs), the precise regulation of atomically‐resolved structures and properties of MAMs remains a significant challenge. The interpretation of the dielectric loss mechanism is usually conduction and polarization losses, while the absence of components‐regulated template materials further hinders the disclosure of the mechanism. Herein, based on the customizable functionality of the MOF platform, a series of pristine bimetallic MOFs with precise and controllable conductivity are successfully constructed through the bimetallic alloying strategy. The controllability is attributed to the alteration of free‐carrier concentration and the subtle difference of interlayer displacement or spacing, both of which originate from the atomic tuning of hetero‐metal. Notably, Cu1.3Ni1.7(HITP)2 features an ultra‐high absorption strength (reflection loss, RL = −71.5 dB) and an ultra‐wide maximum bandwidth (6.16 GHz) at only 15% filling, which ranked in the upper range of all reported MAMs. Due to the metal co‐synergies, Cu1.3Ni1.7(HITP)2 possesses a switchable high absorption peak in a wide range (4–18 GHz). This work opens up an avenue for tailoring the atomic tuning of new MOF‐based electromagnetic wave absorbers and provides a conceptually novel platform. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electrochemical nanoimprint lithography (ECNL) has emerged as a promising technique for fabricating three‐dimensional micro/nano‐structures (3D‐MNSs) directly on semiconductor wafers. This technique is based on a localized corrosion reaction induced by the contact potential across the metal/semiconductor boundaries. The anodic etching of semiconductor and the cathodic reduction of electron acceptors occur at the metal/semiconductor/electrolyte interface and the Pt mold surface, respectively. However, the etching rate is limited by the mass transfer of species in the ultrathin electrolyte layer between the mold and the workpiece. To overcome this challenge, we introduce the ultrasonics effect into the ECNL process to facilitate the mass exchange between the ultrathin electrolyte layer and the bulk solution, thereby improving the imprinting efficiency. Experimental investigations demonstrate a positive linear relationship between the reciprocal of the area duty ratio of the mold and the imprinting efficiency. Furthermore, the introduction of ultrasonics improves the imprinting efficiency by approximately 80 %, irrespective of the area duty ratio. The enhanced imprinting efficiency enables the fabrication of 3D‐MNSs with higher aspect ratios, resulting in a stronger light trapping effect. These results indicate the prospective applications of ECNL in semiconductor functional devices, such as photoelectric detection and photovoltaics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To investigate the associations of diabetes, prediabetes and diabetes duration with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) risk and survival in the UK Biobank. Materials and Methods: We conducted a prospective analysis among 452 680 participants without COPD at baseline using UK Biobank data. Multivariable‐adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated from Cox regression models. The dose–response relationship was explored using restricted cubic splines. A separate survival analysis was conducted for 12 595 patients with incident COPD. Results: Over a median follow‐up of 12.3 years, 12 595 cases of COPD were documented. Compared with the reference group, those with prediabetes and diabetes were associated with an 18% (HR 1.18 [95% CI: 1.13‐1.24]) and 35% (HR 1.35 [95% CI: 1.24‐1.47]) higher risk of COPD, respectively. Diabetes duration was associated with COPD risk, with multivariable HRs (95% CIs) of 1.23 (1.05‐1.44), 1.20 (1.04‐1.39) and 1.18 (1.01‐1.37) for diabetes duration of 7 years or longer, 3 to less than 7 years, and 1 to less than 3 years versus less than 1 year, respectively. Dose–response analysis revealed a non‐linear relationship between diabetes duration and COPD risk. Regarding COPD survival, COPD patients with prediabetes and diabetes had a 9% (HR 1.09 [95% CI: 1.00‐1.19]) and 21% (HR 1.21 [95% CI: 1.05‐1.41]) higher risk of overall death, respectively. Compared with the cases with a diabetes duration of less than 1 year, those with a diabetes duration of 7 years or longer were associated with a 46% higher risk of overall death (HR 1.46 [95% CI: 1.11‐1.92]). Conclusions: Our findings indicate that diabetes, prediabetes and a longer diabetes duration are associated with a higher risk of and worse survival for COPD. Future studies are warranted to determine the optimal way of diabetes control that might reduce COPD risk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Modulation of the ligands and coordination environment of metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) has been an effective and relatively unexplored avenue for improving the anode performance of lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs). In this study, three MOFs are synthesized, namely, M4(o‐TTFOB)(bpm)2(H2O)2 (where M is Mn, Zn, and Cd; o‐H8TTFOB is ortho‐tetrathiafulvalene octabenzoate; and bpm is 2,2′‐bipyrimidine), based on a new ligand o‐H8TTFOB with two adjacent carboxylates on one phenyl, which allows us to establish the impact of metal coordination on the performance of these MOFs as anode materials in LIBs. Mn‐o‐TTFOB and Zn‐o‐TTFOB, with two more uncoordinated oxygen atoms from o‐TTFOB8−, show higher reversible specific capacities of 1249 mAh g−1 and 1288 mAh g−1 under 200 mA g−1 after full activation. In contrast, Cd‐o‐TTFOB shows a reversible capacity of 448 mAh g−1 under the same condition due to the lack of uncoordinated oxygen atoms. Crystal structure analysis, cyclic voltammetry measurements of the half‐cell configurations, and density functional theory calculations have been performed to explain the lithium storage mechanism, diffusion kinetics, and structure‐function relationship. This study demonstrates the advantages of MOFs with high designability in the fabrication of LIBs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: To screen coral‐derived compounds with neuroprotective activity and clarify the potential mechanism of lead compounds. Methods: The lead compounds with neuroprotective effects were screened by H2O2 and 1‐methyl‐4‐phenyl‐1,2,3,6‐tetrahydropyridine (MPP+)‐induced cell damage models in SH‐SY5Y cells. CCK8 and LDH assays were used to detect cell viability. The anti‐apoptosis of lead compounds was evaluated by flow cytometry. JC‐1 and MitoSox assays were performed to examine the changes in mitochondrial membrane potential and mitochondrial ROS level. Survival of primary cortical and dopaminergic midbrain neurons was measured by MAP2 and TH immunoreactivities. The Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) model was established to determine the effect of lead compounds on dopaminergic neurons and behavior changes. Results: Three compounds (No. 63, 68, and 74), derived from marine corals, could markedly alleviate the cell damage and notably reverse the loss of worm dopaminergic neurons. Further investigation indicated that compound 63 could promote the expression of Nurr1 and inhibit neuronal apoptosis signaling pathways. Conclusion: Lead compounds from marine corals exerted significant neuroprotective effects， which indicated that coral might be a new and potential resource for screening and isolating novel natural compounds with neuroprotective effects. Furthermore, this study also provided a new strategy for the clinical treatment of neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), with diverse metal nodes and designable organic linkers, offer unique opportunities for the rational engineering of semiconducting properties. In this work, we report a mixed‐linker conductive MOF system with both tetrathiafulvalene and Ni‐bis(dithiolene) moieties, which allows the fine‐tuning of electronic structures and semiconductive characteristics. By continuously increasing the molar ratio between tetrathiafulvalene and Ni‐bis(dithiolene), the switching of the semiconducting behaviors from n‐type to p‐type was observed along with an increase in electrical conductivity by 3 orders of magnitude (from 2.88×10−7 S m−1 to 9.26×10−5 S m−1). Furthermore, mixed‐linker MOFs were applied for the chemiresistive detection of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), where the sensing performance was modulated by the corresponding linker ratios, showing synergistic and nonlinear modulation effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aiming at the issues of low individual identification accuracy of radiation sources under the condition of little samples, this paper proposes a way of individual identification of radiation source based on strengthening global deep convolutional generative adversarial network (SGDCGAN) and deep convolutional neural network (DCNN) to achieve data augmentation. The method first performs IQ map feature splicing processing on the input signal, and then uses DCNN to automatically obtain the deep essential features of the data. Besides, an adaptive improvement is created to the deep convolutional generative adversarial network, and a self‐attention mechanism is introduced into the discriminator and the generator to reinforce the integrity and authenticity of the generated samples. For the common gradient disappearance during model training, the gradient penalty mechanism and spectral normalization are added to make the training process more stable. Through comparison experiments on the collected ADS‐B signals, the experimental results have demonstrated that when the signal‐to‐noise ratio is 0 dB and the number of original samples in each class is 40, the recognition accuracy is improved by 23.6% after doubling the data. Compared with the DCGAN‐DCNN and GAN‐DCNN methods, the recognition accuracy is improved by 3.5% and 4%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A low‐cost perylene‐diimide diphosphonium bromide cathode interlayer material ((1,3,8,10‐tetraoxo‐1,3,8,10‐tetrahydroanthra[2,1,9‐def:6,5,10‐d'e'f']diisoquinoline‐2, 9‐diyl)bis(4,1‐phenylene))bis(triphenylphosphonium)bromide (named as CIL‐4), whose photovoltaic performance is comparable with recognized poly[(9,9‐bis(3′‐((N,N‐dimethyl)‐N‐ethylammonium)‐propyl)‐2,7‐fluorene)‐alt‐2,7‐(9,9‐dioctylfluor ene)] (PFN‐Br) is reported in this article. Unlike PFN‐Br, CIL‐4 is easy to prepare and well soluble in highly polarized solvents such as H2O, CH3OH, and DMF. An impressive power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 15.08% is demonstrated. In addition, CIL‐4 is very cost‐effective because of the one‐step synthesis and purification method. CIL‐4 also favorably tends to form a high‐quality amorphous films by a simple solution process. The femtosecond transient absorption (TA) experiment verified electron transfer occurs between n‐type electron acceptor Y6 and the CIL‐4 film interface. This work indicates that perylene‐diimide diphosphonium bromide can be a competent cathode‐adjusting material in the optoelectronic field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Exchange of mobile functional genes within microbiota benefits the microbial community. However, the status of the mobile gene pool in environment is still largely unclear, impeding the understanding on the process of gene transfer in natural microbial communities. The release of extracellular vesicles (EVs) by diverse organisms has been proposed to be a vital way in the complex networks of interactions between microbes and their habitats. In this study, we hypothesized that microbial EVs encapsulating functional DNA are widely distributed in the environmental matrix. The prevalence, source and DNA cargoes of EVs in three types of typical microbial habitats were studied. High abundance of EVs comparable to the bacterial concentration was found in human faeces, wastewater and soil. Metagenomic analysis showed the diverse and differential taxonomy of EVs‐associated DNA compared to source microbiome. An array of efficient EVs producing species was identified. A wide variety of mobile genes including glycoside hydrolase family 25 were enriched. Antibiotic resistance genes co‐localizing with mobile genetic elements were abundant in the EVs. This study provides novel insights into the prevalent EVs as a reservoir for the mobile functional genes in the natural environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Platinum‐based chemotherapy drugs play a very important role in the treatment of patients with advanced colorectal cancer, but the drug resistance of platinum‐based chemotherapy drugs is an important topic that puzzles us. If we can find mechanisms of resistance, it will be revolutionary for us. We analysed the differential genes, core genes and their enrichment pathways in platinum‐resistant and non‐resistant patients through a public database. Platinum‐resistant cell lines were cultured in vitro for in vitro colony and Transwell analysis. Tumorigenesis analysis of nude mice in vivo. Verify the function of core genes. Through differential gene and enrichment analysis, we found that CUL4B was the main factor affecting platinum drug resistance and EMT. Our hypothesis was further verified by in vitro drug‐resistant and wild‐type cell lines and in vivo tumorigenesis analysis of nude mice. CUL4B leads to platinum drug resistance in colorectal cancer by affecting tumour EMT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: MET dysregulation has been implicated in the development of primary and secondary resistance to EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) therapy. However, the clinicopathological characteristics and outcomes of patients harboring EGFR‐sensitive mutations and de novo MET amplifications still need to be explored. Methods: A total of 54 patients from our hospital with non‐small cell lung cancer harboring EGFR‐sensitive mutations and/or de novo MET amplifications were included in this study. Survival rates were estimated by the Kaplan–Meier method with log‐rank statistics. Lung cancer organoids (LCOs) were generated from patient‐derived malignant pleural effusion to perform drug sensitivity assays. Results: Fifty‐four patients with the appropriate clinicopathological characteristics were enrolled. MET FISH was performed in 40 patients who were stratified accordingly into two groups: EGFR+/METamp‐ (n = 22) and EGFR+/METamp + (n = 18). Survival rates for EGFR+/METamp‐ and EGFR+/METamp + patients respectively, were as follows: the median progression‐free survival (PFS) was 12.1 and 1.9 months (p<0.001); the median post‐progression overall survival (pOS) was 25.6 and 11.6 months (p = 0.023); the median overall survival (OS) was 33.2 and 12.7 months (p = 0.013). Drug testing conducted in LCOs derived from malignant pleural effusion from EGFR+/METamp + patients showed that dual targeted therapy was more effective than TKI monotherapy. Conclusion: EGFR+/METamp + patients treated with first‐line TKI monotherapy had poor clinical outcomes. Dual targeted therapy showed potent anticancer activity in the LCO drug testing assay, suggesting that it is a promising first‐line treatment for EGFR+/METamp + patients. Randomized controlled trials are needed to further validate these results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Starting with low metastatic capability, T4N0M0 (diameter ≥ 7 cm) non‐small cell lung cancers (NSCLCs) constitute a unique tumor subset, as with a large tumor size but no regional or distant metastases. We systematically investigated intratumoral heterogeneity, clonal structure, chromosomal instability (CIN), and immune microenvironment in T4N0M0 (≥7 cm) NSCLCs. Methods: Whole‐exome sequencing, RNA sequencing, and multiplex immunohistochemistry (mIHC) staining were conducted to analyze 24 spatially segregated tumor samples from eight patients who were pathologically diagnosed with T4N0M0 (diameter ≥ 7 cm) NSCLCs. The adjacent normal tissues and peripheral blood served as controls. Results: In total, 35.2% of mutations and 91.1% of somatic copy number alterations were classified as subclonal events, which exhibited widespread genetic intratumoral heterogeneity. In contrast, a low degree of CIN was observed. None of the patients had genome doubling. The burden of loss of heterozygosity, aneuploidy, and the genome instability index of these tumors were significantly lower than those in the TRACERx cohort. Expression profiles revealed significantly upregulated expression of cell division‐related signals and the G2/M checkpoint pathway. In addition, a similar expression pattern of the immune microenvironment was observed in different regions of the tumor, which was confirmed by mIHC profiles. Conclusions: Our study indicates the presence of intratumoral genetic heterogeneity and immune microenvironmental heterogeneity features in T4N0M0 NSCLCs, and the low degree of CIN may be related to the low metastatic capability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A suspected epizootic ulcerative syndrome with a 50–70% morbidity rate broke out in farmed albino‐type (AT) Northern Snakeheads Channa argus at Jinming farm, Chao‐Yang Town, southwest China. To investigate the pathogen, diseased fish were sampled and laboratory examinations were conducted. Three specific staining methods (Grocott's hexamine silver, glycogen–periodic acid–Schiff, and modified Gram's stain) were also applied for a clear observation of fungi in tissues. Histopathological changes were studied to reveal the pathogenic mechanism. Results showed that Aphanomyces invadans was the causative agent of the disease in AT fish, judging from the fungus‐like hyphae, fungal granulomas, and 99% similarity of PCR products to A. invadans (MN814020.1). Among the three fungal staining methods, Grocott's hexamine silver was the best; this method dyed the fungal hyphae black, while the surrounding muscle was dyed brown. Histopathologically, the affected skin and muscle exhibited remarkable dermatitis, myositis, and fungal granulomas, whereas the other tissues (e.g., gills, liver, spleen, kidneys, and intestines) showed histopathological changes related to osmotic imbalance. In conclusion, the causative agent of disease in AT Northern Snakeheads was A. invadans, which invaded the skin and muscle, causing ulcers in the skin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The exploitation of novel fused carbazole/carbonyl emitters is essential to broaden the application of thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) materials for organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs). Here, with the aid of the addition and cyclization of the cyano group with the ortho‐carbazole, fused carbazole/carbonyl based TADF emitters are effectively synthesized via this new synthetic strategy. The attachment of ancillary donors including carbazole, diphenylamine, and phenolazine to the fused carbazole/carbonyl skeletons further tunes their emissions from blue to yellow‐green. Particularly, pure‐blue OLEDs incorporating the peripheral carbazole attached emitter exhibit a maximum external quantum efficiency (EQEmax) of 22.3%, with a small full width at half maximum (FWHM) of 48 nm. In addition, the peripheral phenolazine attached yellow‐green emitter shows extremely small singlet−triplet state energy gap (ΔEST) of 0.01 eV, high photoluminescence quantum efficiency of 82.5%, short delayed fluorescence lifetime of 6.2 µs and good OLED performances with an EQEmax of 21.7%, an FWHM of 68 nm and low efficiency roll‐off. These results demonstrate that the new synthetic strategy for fused carbazole/carbonyl molecules provide a valuable reference for the design of high‐efficient TADF emitters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aging and longevity is a dynamic, chronological process assumed to originate from several hallmarks causing archetypal and beguiling cycles with incredible natural diversity. This phenomenon is widely observed in different animals, and the estimated age of Drosophila melanogaster, Caenorhabditis elegans,Daphnia longispina are a few days to weeks. Reproductive termites live for 30 years, although the root cause of longevity in termite castes is still debated for molecular and cellular changes. Insulin and insulin signaling pathway‐related (IIS) genes are important metabolic factors (glucose) highly conserved in lower to higher organisms. Therefore, in this study, we pooled Reticulitermes chinensis castes as primary king (PK), primary queen (PQ), ergatoid king "SWRK" and queen "SWRQ", male (WM), and female (WF) workers. We determined transcriptome sequencing of R. chinensis castes as a model organism for longevity to investigate the insulin signaling pathway and longevity genes. Through RNA‐sequencing, we identified 35 IIS‐pathway‐related genes out of 343 to the KEGG pathway in ergatoid king and queen, PK, PQ, WM, and WF. Among these genes, Tsc2, akt2‐a, mTOR, EIF4E, Pdk1, and RPS expressed highly in ergatoid king and queen, PK, and PQ. However, a significant cornerstone tradeoff between reproductive and non‐reproductive efforts for early life is essential for evolutionary longevity. The present study concludes that a highly conserved IIS‐pathway is evidence for the prolonged termite reproductive life span. We recommended devoting insulin signaling pathway genes to their biological function for termite survival and new insights into the maintenance and relationships between biomolecular homeostasis and remarkable longevity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs), as a class of new inorganic‐organic hybrid crystal materials, could have important applications in near‐infrared (NIR) photothermal conversion. Herein, a new charge‐transfer MOF (Co‐MOF) with mixed ligands of H4TTFTB and bpmNDI incorporating redox‐active tetrathiafulvalene/naphthalene diimide (TTF/NDI) units into one system is reported. Due to the presence of TTF/NDI oxidative and reductive couples, stable radicals can be observed in the MOF. In addition, charge transfer from the electron donor (TTF) to the acceptor (NDI) results in a broad absorption in the NIR region. The Co‐MOF exhibited an efficient photothermal effect induced by irradiation with a NIR laser. Under the 808 nm laser (0.7 W cm−2) illumination, the temperature of the Co‐MOF increased from room temperature to 201 °C in only 10 s. Furthermore, a series of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) films doped with trace amounts of Co‐MOF showed efficient NIR photothermal conversion. When a Co‐MOF@PDMS (0.6 wt %) film is irradiated by 808 nm laser with power of 0.5 W cm−2, it′s temperature can reach a plateau at 62 °C from 20 °C within 100 s. Our experimental results from the Co‐MOF@PDMS film demonstrate that the effectiveness and feasibility of the material is promising for photothermal applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Calcium metal batteries, as one of the promising alternatives beyond Li‐metal technology, is held back by the lack of suitable cathodes of considerable energy storage capability, and Ca anodes of long‐term stability and lower polarization potentials for Ca‐plating/stripping. Here, by recycling cellulose waste paper, feasible cathodes for Ca‐metal batteries of good high‐voltage and wide‐window‐voltage adaptability (0.005–4.9 V versus Ca/Ca2+), and impressive energy density (≈517.5 Wh kg−1 at 0.1 A g−1) are developed. Meanwhile, through tailorable Ca‐plating/stripping potentials (∆V≈ 0.65 V) realized by a modified electrolyte of Li+, Ca2+, BF4−, and PF6− multi‐ions system, the proof‐of‐concept Ca‐metal batteries not only delivered enhanced storage capability (101 mAh g−1 versus 51 mAh g−1 at 0.1 A g−1 in the window voltage of 2.0–4.7 V) and cycling stability (≈77% capacity retention for 100 cycles), but also simultaneously show a high output average working voltage of ≈3.2 V. The work provides a hint that mixed metal deposition under multi‐ions electrolyte system may address the challenging issues faced by single alkali or alkaline‐earth metal batteries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A series of stable radical 2D metal‐organic frameworks has been assembled. (m‐TTFTB)3 (m‐Tetrathiafulvalene‐tetrabenzoate) trimer building blocks are beneficial for the stability of the radicals due to delocalization of the unpaired electron. Hexanuclear rare‐earth‐cluster‐based 1D chains further enhance the stability of the frameworks. The radical state of the middle TTF in the trimer has been observed by the change of central C−C and C−S bond distances and the configuration of the TTF by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. The radical characteristics are also confirmed by electron paramagnetic resonance, UV/Vis–NIR absorption, and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy experiments. Stability tests showed that the radicals are stable even in solutions and under acid/base environments (pH 1–12). Owing to efficient light absorption due to intramolecular charge transfer, low thermal conductivity, and outstanding stability, the radical 2D Dy‐MOF shows excellent photothermal properties, an increase of 34.7 °C within 240 s under one‐sun illumination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The integration of carbazole (Cz) unit and emissive iridium(III) complexes is a wise choice to facilitate hole injection/transport, charge balance, and achieve phosphorescent emitters for high‐performance organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs). Herein, three efficient Cz‐based Ir(III) complexes are synthesized and applied for OLEDs. The introduction of trifluoromethyl and trimethylsilyl units alter the photoelectric properties of these complexes, achieving photoluminescence (PL) from yellow (559 nm) to orange‐red (600 nm) with high PL quantum yields between 75% and 93% and short excited state lifetimes between 1.09 and 1.90 µs in doped thin films. Multilayer OLEDs using the three emitters exhibit highest current efficiency as high as 100.4 cd A−1 and maximum external quantum efficiency (EQEmax) up to 32.2% with very low efficiency roll‐off. Even at high brightness of 5000 and 10 000 cd m−2, the device D3 still can maintain the EQE at 28.2% and 27.9%, respectively. These results indicate that these complexes incorporating Cz units are potential substituents for efficient OLEDs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using the redox‐active tetrathiafulvalene tetrabenzoate (TTFTB4−) as the linker, a series of stable and porous rare‐earth metal–organic frameworks (RE‐MOFs), [RE9(μ3‐OH)13(μ3‐O)(H2O)9(TTFTB)3] (1‐RE, where RE=Y, Sm, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, and Er) were constructed. The RE9(μ3‐OH)13(μ3‐O) (H2O)9](CO2)12 clusters within 1‐RE act as segregated single‐molecule magnets (SMMs) displaying slow relaxation. Interestingly, upon oxidation by I2, the S=0 TTFTB4− linkers of 1‐RE were converted into S=1/2 TTFTB.3− radical linkers which introduced exchange‐coupling between SMMs and modulated the relaxation. Furthermore, the SMM property can be restored by reduction in N,N‐dimethylformamide. These results highlight the advantage of MOFs in the construction of redox‐switchable SMMs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Relay insertion/extraction chemistry of both anions and cations on the cathode is disclosed for non‐aqueous rechargeable batteries, different from previous metal‐ion batteries (MIBs) and dual‐ion batteries (DIBs) of only positively or negatively charged ions. The "anion–cation relay battery (ACRB)" fully uses both negative and positive ions and offers bright prospects for high‐specific‐energy and large‐rate grid scale energy storage. Proof‐of‐concept ACRBs with commercial Li/Na/K plate as anodes and free‐standing few‐layered graphitic carbon (FLGC) membrane as cathodes demonstrate impressive overall cell performance (a reversible capacity of ≈300 mAh g−1 at 100 mA g−1, service life >23 000 cycles with a retention decay of ≈0.0013% per cycle, and a cathode energy density of ≈370 Wh kg−1 at ≈27 kW kg−1), comparable to the highest level counterparts. The work may set a promising strategy to break the predicament facing by various MIBs and DIBs, and also a direction to forward cost cutting in commercial lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, a semi‐discrete scheme and a fully discrete scheme of the Stokes‐Biot model are proposed, and we analyze the semi‐discrete scheme in detail. First of all, we prove the existence and uniqueness of the semi‐discrete scheme, and a‐priori error estimates are derived. Then, we present the same conclusions for the fully discrete scheme. Finally, under both matching and non‐matching meshes some numerical tests are given to validate the analysis of convergence, which well support the theoretical results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Peroxidasin plays a unique role in the formation and stability of extracellular matrix (ECM) in the animal kingdom; however, it was only characterized in Diptera, not in other insect orders. In this study peroxidasin (CsPxd) was first identified and characterized from Chilo suppressalis, a lepidopteran pest. CsPxd complementary DNA with a 4080 bp open reading frame encodes a peptide of 1359 amino acids; the derived amino acid sequence of CsPxd harbors the typical structural characteristics of peroxidasin family in heme‐peroxidase superfamily, including the signal peptide at N‐terminal, leucine‐rich repeat domain, Ig‐loop motifs and peroxidase domain, signifying the extracellular location of protein and the involvement in ECM formation. Eukaryotic expression reveals CsPxd protein displays peroxidase activity on H2O2, justifying the membership of peroxidase. Phyletic analysis shows the monophyletic evolution pattern of peroxidasin in insect phyle, and moreover only one peroxidasin is present in each species of insects, suggesting its evolutionary conservation on function. Peroxidasin messenger RNA is mainly expressed in egg and the final instar larvae stage. Injection of peroxidasin double‐stranded RNA into the final instar larvae impacts the cuticle sclerotization during the metamorphosis from larvae to pupa, and eventually lead to lethality of larvae and pupa. These results suggest the presence of collagen crosslink in chorion and cuticle of insects, and indicate peroxidasin plays a role in the development of chorion and cuticle; furthermore peroxidasin might be the one of potential target genes for pest control using RNA interference. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Explosion experiments of cyclotetramethylene tetranitramine (HMX) based layered thermobaric explosive (TBX) were carried out in an explosion chamber. The layered TBX was prepared by combination of both press and cast procedures, and the shock overpressure, quasi‐static pressure (QSP), heat flux, and oxygen concentration data were obtained. The results show that the corresponding parameters of TBX are significantly larger compared with TNT, which indicates obvious thermobaric effects of TBX. To correctly evaluate the performance of the layered TBX, the TNT equivalent model based on the overpressure and QSP of TBX was established, which could reflect the two stages of detonation and post combustion effects of the TBX. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To activate electronic and optical functions of the redox‐active metal–organic framework, (Me2NH2)[InIII(TTFTB)]⋅0.7 C2H5OH⋅DMF (Me2NH2@1, TTFTB=tetrathiafulvalene‐tetrabenzoate, DMF=N,N‐dimethylformamide), has been exchanged by tetrathiafulvalenium (TTF.+) and N,N′‐dimethyl‐4,4′‐bipyridinium (MV2+). These cations provide electron carriers and photosensitivity. The exchange retains the crystallinity allowing single‐crystal to single‐crystal post‐synthetic transformation to TTF@1 and MV@1. Both TTF.+ and MV2+ enhance the electrical conductivity by a factor of 102 and the visible light induced photocurrent by 4 and 28 times, respectively. EPR evidences synergetic effect involving charge transfer between the framework redox‐active TTFTB bridges and MV2+. The results demonstrate that functionalization of MOF by cation exchange without perturbing the crystallinity extends possibilities to achieve switchable materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As high‐precision 3D scanners become more and more widespread, it is easy to obtain very‐large‐scale meshes containing at least millions of vertices. However, processing these very‐large‐scale meshes is still a very challenging task due to memory limitations. This paper focuses on a fundamental geometric processing task, i.e., bijective parameterization construction. To this end, we present a spline‐enhanced method to compute bijective and low distortion parameterizations for very‐large‐scale disk topology meshes. Instead of computing descent directions using the mesh vertices as variables, we estimate descent directions for each vertex by optimizing a proxy energy defined in spline spaces. Since the spline functions contain a small set of control points, it significantly decreases memory requirement. Besides, a divide‐and‐conquer method is proposed to obtain bijective initializations, and a submesh‐based optimization strategy is developed to reduce distortion further. The capability and feasibility of our method are demonstrated over various complex models. Compared to the existing methods for bijective parameterizations of very‐large‐scale meshes, our method exhibits better scalability and requires much less memory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is crucial to investigate the slow relaxation mechanisms of binuclear ErIII‐based single‐molecule magnets (SMMs) and explore strategies for optimizing their magnetic properties. Herein, a doped compound, [Y1.75Er0.25(thd)4Pc] ⋅ 2C6H6 (YEr ⋅ 2C6H6, Hthd=2,2,6,6‐tetramethylheptanedione, H2Pc=phthalocyanine), was synthesized by doping the paramagnetic erbium(III) compound Er2 ⋅ 2C6H6 in the diamagnetic yttrium(III) matrix Y2 ⋅ 2C6H6. The doping effect was studied using SQUID magnetization measurements. The results suggest that magnetic‐site dilution improves the magnetic property from a fast relaxation of the pure ErIII compound to a typical SMM relaxation process of the doped sample. In this binuclear system, the dominant single‐ion relaxation is entangled with the neighboring ErIII ion through the intramolecular ErIII⋅⋅⋅ErIII interaction, which plays an important role in suppressing the quantum tunneling of the magnetization (QTM) process. Furthermore, the influence of lattice solvents on single‐ion relaxation was studied. By releasing the benzene molecules, compound YEr ⋅ 2C6H6 can be successfully transformed to a desolvated sample YEr accompanied by structural alteration and improved SMM performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs 13 (ADAMTS13) was mainly generated and secreted from endothelial cells (ECs). Our previous study showed that tryptophan (Trp) residues at 387 and 390 in ADAMTS13 are required for its secretion and enzymatic activity. However, the effects on its host cell as well as the potential mechanism have not been clear. The aim of the study was to examine the effects of Trp residues 387 and 390 of ADAMTS13 on the biological processes of ECs. Herein, Trp was substituted with alanine in ADAMTS13 to generate ADAMTS13 mutants at 387 (W387A), 390 (W390A), and double mutants at 387 and 390 (2WA), respectively. We found that substitution mutation impaired vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) secretion and the downstream JAK1/STAT3 activation, the binding ability to Von Willebrand factor, cell proliferation, migration, and vascular tube formation. Overall, our study concluded that Trp387 and Trp390 of ADAMTS13 play vital roles in the biological function of ECs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Patient‐derived organoid (PDO) models are highly valuable and have potentially widespread clinical applications. However, limited information is available regarding organoid models of non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). This study aimed to characterize the consistency between primary tumors in NSCLC and PDOs and to explore the applications of PDOs as preclinical models to understand and predict treatment response during lung cancer. Methods: Fresh tumor samples were harvested for organoid culture. Primary tumor samples and PDOs were analyzed via whole‐exome sequencing. Paired samples were subjected to immunohistochemical analysis. There were 26 antineoplastic drugs tested in the PDOs. Cell viability was assessed using the Cell Titer Glo assay 7–10 days after drug treatment. A heatmap of log‐transformed values of the half‐maximal inhibitory concentrations was generated on the basis of drug responses of PDOs through nonlinear regression (curve fit). A total of 12 patients (stages I–III) were enrolled, and 7 paired surgical tumors and PDOs were analyzed. Results: PDOs retained the histological and genetic characteristics of the primary tumors. The concordance between tumors and PDOs in mutations in the top 20 NSCLC‐related genes was >80% in five patients. Sample purity was significantly and positively associated with variant allele frequency (Pearson r = 0.82, P = 0.0005) and chromosome stability. The in vitro response to drug screening with PDOs revealed high correlation with the mutation profiles in the primary tumors. Conclusions: PDOs are highly credible models for detecting NSCLC and for prospective prediction of the treatment response for personalized precision medicine. Key points: Lung cancer organoid models could save precious time of drug testing on patients, and accurately select anticancer drugs according to the drug sensitivity results, so as to provide a powerful supplement and verification for the gene sequencing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: To assess the associations of problem drinking with wellbeing and mortality in Chinese men. Design Population‐based prospective cohort study. Setting: Ten diverse areas across China. Participants: A total of 210 259 men aged 30–79 years enrolled into China Kadoorie Biobank between 2004 and 2008. Measurements Self‐reported alcohol intake and indicators of problem drinking (i.e. drinking in the morning, unable to stop drinking, unable to work due to drinking, negative emotions after drinking, having shakes after stopping drinking) were assessed by questionnaire at baseline, along with stressful life events (e.g. divorce, income loss, violence) and wellbeing‐related measures (e.g. life satisfaction, sleep problems, depression, anxiety). Problem drinking was defined as reporting at least one of the drinking problem indicators. Follow‐up for mortality and hospitalized events was through linkage to death registries and national health insurance systems. Multivariate logistic regression models assessed cross‐sectional relationships between problem drinking and stressful life events/wellbeing. Cox proportional hazards regression models estimated prospective associations of problem drinking with mortality/hospitalized events. Findings A third of men were current regular drinkers (i.e. drank alcohol at least weekly), 24% of whom reported problem drinking: 8% of all men. Experience of stressful life events in the past 2 years, especially income loss [odds ratio (OR) = 1.86, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.45–2.39], was associated with increased problem drinking. Compared with low‐risk drinkers (i.e. intake < 200 g/week, no reported problem drinking or habitual heavy drinking episodes), men with problem drinking had poorer self‐reported health, poorer life satisfaction and sleep problems, and were more likely to have symptoms of depression and anxiety. Men with two or more problem drinking indicators had an approximately twofold higher risk for all‐cause mortality as well as mortality and morbidity from external causes (i.e. injuries), respectively, and 15% higher risk for any hospitalization, compared with low‐risk drinkers (all P < 0.01). Conclusion: Eight per cent of men in China are problem drinkers, and this is associated with significantly increased risk of physical and mental health problems and premature death. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]