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Background Previous studies have suggested that hypertension may be associated with increased oxidized low-density lipoprotein (LDL). Increased in vitro oxidizability of LDL or elevated titers of anti-oxidized LDL antibodies have been shown in subjects with essential hypertension. However, the relationship between oxidized LDL and hypertension is equivocal. We examined the association between hypertension and levels of IgG anti-oxidized LDL antibodies in a group of women from the general population. Materials and methods The study included 619 women classified according to their blood pressure values. IgG anti-oxidized LDL antibodies were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and the women were classified as being above or below the 50th percentile. Results Hypertension was present in 54·3% of the women. These women had significantly lower levels of IgG anti-oxidized LDL antibodies than the normotensive women (0·280 ± 0·117 vs. 0·336 ± 0·125, P < 0·001). Both systolic and the diastolic blood pressures showed a significant negative correlation with the levels of IgG anti-oxidized LDL antibodies ( r = −0·204, P < 0·001; r = −0·225, P < 0·001, respectively). Women with IgG anti-oxidized LDL antibody levels above the 50th percentile had a lower prevalence of hypertension than those with IgG anti-oxidized LDL antibody levels below the 50th percentile (40·2% vs. 59·8%) ( P < 0·001). Conclusions Women with hypertension had lower levels of IgG anti-oxidized LDL antibodies than normotensive women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Anti-oxidized low-density lipoprotein (LDL) antibodies are associated with the oxidative capacity of plasma, but whether they protect or promote diabetes is unknown. We undertook a prospective study to determine the predictive capacity of anti-oxidized LDL antibodies for the onset of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Materials and methods We selected 391 non-diabetic women aged 18–65 years. The subjects were classified as being normal (oral glucose test tolerance normal, OGTT-N), or having impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), impaired fasting glucose (IFG) or T2DM according to their baseline glucose levels and after an OGTT. The same subjects were studied six years later. The levels of anti-oxidized LDL antibodies were classified as above or below the 50th percentile. Results Of the women who were OGTT-N at the start of the study and who had anti-oxidized LDL antibody levels below the 50th percentile, only 65·1% were still OGTT-N after 6 years versus 79·5% of those who had anti-oxidized LDL antibody levels above the 50th percentile ( P = 0·015). Women who had IGT or IFG at the start of the study whose anti-oxidized LDL antibody levels were below the 50th percentile had a relative risk of 9·79 (95% confidence interval, 1·40–68·45) of developing diabetes ( P < 0·001). Logistic regression analysis showed that the variables predicting the development of a carbohydrate metabolism disorder in the women after 6 years were body mass index ( P < 0·001) and the levels of anti-oxidized LDL antibodies ( P = 0·042). Conclusions Levels of anti-oxidized LDL antibodies are independent predictors for the development of T2DM in women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Few European studies have used an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) to examine the incidence of type 2 diabetes. We determined the incidence of impaired fasting glucose (IFG), impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and type 2 diabetes in a population from southern Spain. Material and methods A population-based cohort study was undertaken in Pizarra, Spain. Baseline data were recorded on age, sex, weight, height, waist and hip circumferences, and diabetes status for 1051 persons, of whom 910 were free of type 2 diabetes (at-risk sample). Of these, 714 completed the 6-year follow-up study. Body mass index, waist-to-hip ratio and weight increase since baseline were calculated. The homeostasis model assessment equations were used to estimate the indices of insulin resistance and β-cell function. Each person received an OGTT at baseline and after 6 years. Results Type 2 diabetes developed in 81 people for a total of 4253 person-years, representing an incidence of 19·1 cases per 1000 person-years (95% confidence interval, 15·3–23·6). Age and the presence of obesity, central obesity and carbohydrate metabolism disorders [IFG (cut off = 100 mg dL−1, capillary blood glucose level), IGT or both] at baseline were significant markers for the onset of type 2 diabetes during follow-up. After adjusting for these variables, multivariate analysis showed weight increase, waist-to-hip ratio and the indices of insulin resistance and β-cell function were significantly associated with the risk for type 2 diabetes. Conclusions The incidence of type 2 diabetes in a population from southern Spain is high. It is probably associated with the high prevalence of obesity and weight increase in this population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AIMS: Genes of the Apo AI/CIII/AIV cluster on chromosome 11 have been related to plasma lipid patterns. The close relationship between carbohydrate metabolism and lipid metabolism warrants investigation of the association between this cluster and Type 2 diabetes mellitus. We therefore examined the possible association between polymorphisms of this cluster and Type 2 diabetes mellitus as part of a study of the prevalence of diabetes and the metabolic syndrome in southern Spain. METHODS: A total of 1224 persons were selected randomly from the town of Pizarra in the province of Malaga, southern Spain. The sample errors for the prevalence of Type 2 diabetes mellitus and the three polymorphisms studied were all < or = 4%. All subjects underwent phenotyping after an oral glucose tolerance test (75 g) (WHO 1998 criteria) and the XmnI and MspI polymorphisms of Apo AI and the SstI polymorphism of Apo CIII were genotyped. RESULTS: Those subjects with the mutated AA genotype of the MspI polymorphism (-75 G-->A) of Apo AI had a greater risk of impaired glucose tolerance [odds ratio (OR) = 1.95, CI = 1.02-3.8, P = 0.05], Type 2 diabetes mellitus, both known (OR = 7.38, CI = 1.3-39.7, P = 0.02) and unknown (OR = 3.7, CI = 1.4-9.9, P = 0.009). This risk was independent of age, sex, obesity, triglyceride level, HDL cholesterol and pattern of insulin resistance. CONCLUSIONS: Pending confirmation in prospective studies, the AA genotype of the MspI polymorphism of the Apo AI gene, within the Apo A-I/C-III/A-IV cluster, seems to be a risk factor for Type 2 diabetes mellitus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]