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The permanent displacement of earth slopes during earthquake shaking is a key indicator for landslide hazard assessment. Previous studies mostly attempt to evaluate the earthquake‐induced displacement of dry or saturated soil slopes, while it is less common to deal with partially saturated soils. In the present study, a simplified procedure is proposed to account for the seismic‐induced excess pore pressure in slopes with partially saturated sandy soils. The effect of matric suction, suction stress, and excess pore pressure on the yield acceleration of partially saturated sandy slopes is investigated, and the coupled Newmark sliding block method, known as the flexible soil columns with dynamic shear modulus and damping ratio, is modified to estimate the seismic slope displacement. Detailed discussions are made about the effect of different degrees of saturation on the excess pore pressure ratio, yield acceleration, and slope displacement. The numerical results show that the excess pore pressure ratio tends to exponentially increase with saturation, and the change of yield acceleration and displacement with saturation can be divided into suction stress dominant and excess pore water pressure dominant stages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Redistribution of precipitation across seasons is a widespread phenomenon affecting dryland ecosystems globally. However, the impacts of shifting seasonal precipitation patterns on carbon (C) cycling and sequestration in dryland ecosystems remain poorly understood.In this study, we conducted a 10‐yr (2013–2022) field manipulative experiment that altered the timing of growing‐season precipitation peaks in a semi‐arid grassland.We found that the delayed precipitation peak suppressed plant growth and thus reduced gross ecosystem productivity, ecosystem respiration, and net ecosystem productivity due to middle growing‐season water stress. Surprisingly, shifting more precipitation to the early growing season can advance plant development, increase the dominance of drought‐tolerant forbs, and thus compensate for the negative impacts of middle growing‐season water stress on ecosystem C cycling, leading to a neutral change in grassland C sink.Our findings indicate that greater precipitation and plant development in spring could act as a crucial mechanism, maintaining plant growth and stabilizing ecosystem C sink. This underscores the urgent need to incorporate precipitation seasonality into Earth system models, which is crucial for improving projections of terrestrial C cycling and sequestration under future climate change scenarios. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A compact dual‐band omnidirectional antenna with folded microstrip lines and slotlines is proposed. The antenna is composed of a substrate and a superstrate. The superstrate is employed to broaden the antenna bandwidth. The radiating patch is situated on the upper surface of the substrate and consists of folded microstrip lines. The performance of the high‐frequency band can be optimized based on the analysis of the current distribution intensity. The bottom of the substrate is composed of a ground plane with slotlines. The introduction and improvement of the low‐frequency band are achieved by modifying the ground plane structure with characteristic modal analysis. The antenna demonstrates omnidirectional radiation characteristics across both frequency bands. The dimensions of the antenna are π × 0.178 λ0 × 0.178 λ0 × 0.049 λ0 (π × 22 × 22 × 6 mm). The antenna achieves a maximum gain of 3.37 dBi at 2.5 GHz and 2.74 dBi at 5.8 GHz. The measured impedance bandwidths for the two frequency bands are 17.3% and 21.7%, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Axially chiral nitriles are common motifs in organic photoelectric materials, biological compounds, and agrochemicals. Unfortunately, the limited synthetic approaches to axially chiral nitriles have impeded their availability. Herein, we report the first nickel‐catalyzed desymmetric allylic cyanation of biaryl allylic alcohols for the synthesis of axially chiral nitrile structures in high yields with excellent enantioselectivities (up to 90 % yield and >99 % ee). This process enables the synthesis of a diverse range of axially chiral allylic nitriles bearing β,γ‐unsaturated alcohol moieties. Leveraging the allylic alcohol and cyano groups as versatile functionalization handles allow for further derivatization of these axially chiral frameworks. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations suggest that both steric and electronic interactions play crucial roles in determining the enantioselectivity of this transformation. Moreover, this mild and facile protocol is also applicable for gram‐scale preparation of the chiral nitriles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Comprehensive Summary: The construction of acyclic quaternary carbon stereocenters, which are ubiquitous in many bioactive compounds, pharmaceuticals and natural products, has been a long persuit in synthetic organic chemistry. Among numerous methods, enantioselective nickel‐catalysis has attracted incremental attention in recent years. This review summarizes the recent development in the asymmetric strategies, research progress, mechanistic investigations for the generation of acyclic quaternary carbon stereocenters via enantioselective nickel catalysis. Key Scientists: In 2006, the Zhou group and RajanBabu group realized the nickel‐catalyzed enantioselective hydrovinylation of α‐substituted styrenes and ethylene to construct acyclic quaternary carbon stereocenters (QCSs) by using spiro‐ and binaphthyl phosphoramidite ligands, respectively. In 2016, Watson developed a nickel‐catalyzed Suzuki‐Miyaura arylation to generate acyclic QCSs via chirality transfer reaction. In 2017, the Feng and the Fu group developed nickel‐catalyzed enantioselective conjugated/Michael additions to build acyclic QCSs, respectively. In 2020, the Fang group made the first success in the construction of QCSs by nickel‐catalyzed hydrocyanation of alkenes and allenes. In 2021, Gregory C. Fu and co‐workers disclosed a nickel‐catalyzed enantioselective α‐functionalization of carbonyl compounds that could form acyclic QCSs. At the same time, the Shi group constructed chiral acyclic QCSs via nickel‐catalyzed functionalization of alkenes. In 2023, Kleij and co‐workers applied a new strategy for Ni‐catalyzed regio‐ and enantioselective homoallylic coupling to construct acyclic QCSs. In the same year, Tao and co‐workers demonstrated a novel strategy that is dinickel‐catalyzed enantioselective α‐alkylation of carbonyl compounds with alkyl iodides. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Comprehensive Summary: The construction of acyclic quaternary carbon stereocenters, which are ubiquitous in many bioactive compounds, pharmaceuticals and natural products, has been a long persuit in synthetic organic chemistry. Among numerous methods, enantioselective nickel‐catalysis has attracted incremental attention in recent years. This review summarizes the recent development in the asymmetric strategies, research progress, mechanistic investigations for the generation of acyclic quaternary carbon stereocenters via enantioselective nickel catalysis. Key Scientists: In 2006, the Zhou group and RajanBabu group realized the nickel‐catalyzed enantioselective hydrovinylation of α‐substituted styrenes and ethylene to construct acyclic quaternary carbon stereocenters (QCSs) by using spiro‐ and binaphthyl phosphoramidite ligands, respectively. In 2016, Watson developed a nickel‐catalyzed Suzuki‐Miyaura arylation to generate acyclic QCSs via chirality transfer reaction. In 2017, the Feng and the Fu group developed nickel‐catalyzed enantioselective conjugated/Michael additions to build acyclic QCSs, respectively. In 2020, the Fang group made the first success in the construction of QCSs by nickel‐catalyzed hydrocyanation of alkenes and allenes. In 2021, Gregory C. Fu and co‐workers disclosed a nickel‐catalyzed enantioselective α‐functionalization of carbonyl compounds that could form acyclic QCSs. At the same time, the Shi group constructed chiral acyclic QCSs via nickel‐catalyzed functionalization of alkenes. In 2023, Kleij and co‐workers applied a new strategy for Ni‐catalyzed regio‐ and enantioselective homoallylic coupling to construct acyclic QCSs. In the same year, Tao and co‐workers demonstrated a novel strategy that is dinickel‐catalyzed enantioselective α‐alkylation of carbonyl compounds with alkyl iodides. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: The aim of this study is to explore the key mechanisms of perioperative neurocognitive dysfunction (PND) after anesthesia/surgery (A/S) by screening hub genes. Methods: Transcriptome sequencing was conducted on hippocampal samples obtained from 18‐month‐old C57BL/6 mice assigned to control (Ctrl) and A/S groups. The functionality of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) was investigated using Metascape. Hub genes associated with changes between the two groups were screened by combining weighted gene coexpression network analysis within CytoHubba. Reverse transcription PCR and western blotting were used to validate changes in mRNA and protein expression, respectively. NLRP3 inflammasome activation was detected by western blotting and ELISA. Tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA), an inhibitor of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, was administrated preoperatively to explore its effects on the occurrence of PND. Immunofluorescence analysis was performed to evaluate the activation of astrocytes and microglia in the hippocampus, and hippocampus‐dependent learning and memory were assessed using behavioral experiments. Results: In total, 521 DEGs were detected between the control and A/S groups. These DEGs were significantly enriched in biological processes related to metabolic processes and their regulation. Four hub genes (Hspa5, Igf1r, Sfpq, and Xbp1) were identified. Animal experiments have shown that mice in the A/S group exhibited cognitive impairments accompanied by increased Hspa5 and Xbp1 expression, ER stress, and activation of NLRP3 inflammasome. Conclusions: Inhibiting ER stress alleviated cognitive impairment in A/S mice; particularly, ER stress induced by A/S results in NLRP3 inflammasome activation and neuroinflammation. Moreover, the preoperative administration of TUDCA inhibited ER stress, NLRP3 inflammasome activation, and neuroinflammation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In previous studies, the mushy zone constant was assigned a fixed value or a value associated with dendrite characteristics at room temperature. However, elucidating the constitutive behaviors of mushy dendrites at high temperatures using solid dendrite characteristics at room temperature poses challenges. In this study, a numerical model was constructed to investigate the effects of variable mushy zone constants on fluid flow and heat transfer in the mold. The results revealed that "Zone Z‐1/2" exhibited a thinner solidified shell compared with the other zones, indicating a close correlation between heat transfer and thickness differences. Under default simulation conditions, the liquid steel cooled rapidly, leading to the dissipation of superheat. The mushy zone exhibited a wide range, with almost no pure liquid phase present in the mold. In cases 2, 3, and 4 within "Zone Z‐1/2", the average thickness of the solidified shell gradually increased during solidification, indicating the absence of evident remelting phenomena in the mold. As the variable mushy zone constants increased, the local temperature gradient increased, while the local cooling rate decreased. The accuracy of the numerical model was validated through actual measurements and empirical formulas. The simulation results for case 4 exhibited a high degree of fitting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two epimeric pairs of N‐Ts‐protected cyclohexylamines that incorporate an unsaturated side‐chain at the C2 position have been prepared. Contrary to expectations, none of these underwent clean, photochemically‐induced intramolecular hydroamination reactions to give the corresponding perhydro‐indole or ‐quinoline. However, they did participate in efficient olefin cross metathesis (OCM) reactions with methyl crotonate. Three of the four acrylates so‐formed engaged in base‐promoted and completely diastereoselective, intramolecular aza‐Michael addition (cyclization) reactions to give the isomeric and C2‐substituted perhydro‐indoles or ‐quinolines with the structures of these being confirmed by single‐crystal X‐ray analyses. DFT calculations generated results consistent with the observed diastereoselectivities and the proposed transition states. Manipulation of the ester groups associated with the cyclization products allowed for their conversion, inter alia, into the corresponding n‐propyl residues and thus providing novel analogues of neurotoxic alkaloids such as pumiliotoxin C. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Because coral reef ecosystems face threats from human activities and climate change, coral reef conservation programmes are implemented worldwide. Monitoring coral health provides references for guiding conservation activities. However, current labour‐intensive methods result in a backlog of unsorted images, highlighting the need for automated classification. Few studies have simultaneously utilized accurate labels along with updated algorithms and datasets. This study aimed to create a dataset representing common coral reef conditions and associated stressors in the Indo‐Pacific. Concurrently, it assessed existing classification algorithms and proposed a new multilabel method for automatically detecting coral reef conditions and extracting ecological information. A dataset containing over 20,000 high‐resolution coral images of different health conditions and stressors was constructed based on the field survey. Seven representative deep learning architectures were tested on this dataset, and their performance was quantitatively evaluated using the F1 metric and the match ratio. Based on this evaluation, a new method utilizing the ensemble learning approach was proposed. The proposed method accurately classified coral reef conditions as healthy, compromised, dead and rubble; it also identified corresponding stressors, including competition, disease, predation and physical issues. This method can help develop the coral image archive, guide conservation activities and provide references for decision‐making for reef managers and conservationists. The proposed ensemble learning approach outperforms others on the dataset, showing state‐of‐the‐art (SOTA) performance. Future research should improve its generalizability and accuracy to support global coral reef conservation efforts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The nucleus pulposus is in a hypoxic environment in the human body, and when intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) occurs, the hypoxic environment is disrupted. Nucleus pulposus cell (NPC) ferroptosis is one of the causes of IVDD. N6‐methyladenosine (m6A) and its reader protein YTHDF1 regulate cellular activities by affecting RNA metabolism. However, the regulation of ferroptosis in NPCs by m6A‐modified RNAs under hypoxic conditions has not been as well studied. In this study, through in vitro and in vivo experiments, we explored the underlying mechanism of HIF‐1α and YTHDF1 in regulating ferroptosis in NPCs. The results indicated that the overexpression of HIF‐1α or YTHDF1 suppressed NPC ferroptosis; conversely, the knockdown of HIF‐1α or YTHDF1 increased ferroptosis levels in NPCs. Luciferase reporter assays and chromatin immunoprecipitation demonstrated that HIF‐1α regulated YTHDF1 transcription by directly binding to its promoter region. Polysome profiling results showed that YTHDF1 promoted the translation of SLC7A11 and consequently the expression of the anti‐ferroptosis protein GPX4 by binding to m6A‐modified SLC7A11 mRNA. In conclusion, HIF‐1α‐induced YTHDF1 expression reduces NPC ferroptosis and delays IVDD by promoting SLC7A11 translation in a m6A‐dependent manner. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nano‐single‐atom‐catalysts have the potential to combine the respective advantages of both nano‐catalysts and single‐atom‐catalysts and thus exhibit enhanced performance. Generally, the separation of active sites in space limits the interaction between single atoms and nanoparticles. Heterointerface engineering has the potential to break this limitation. Regretfully, studies on the interface effect between single atoms and nanoparticles are rarely reported. Herein, an unprecedented nano‐single‐atom heterointerface composed of Fe single‐atoms and carbon‐shell‐coated FeP nanoparticles (Fe SAC/FeP@C) is demonstrated as an efficient electrocatalyst for the nitrate reduction process from alkaline to acidic. Compared with typical nano‐single‐atom‐catalysts (Fe SAC/FePO4) and single‐atom‐catalysts (Fe SAC), the constructed Fe SAC/FeP@C heterostructure exhibits dramatically enhanced nitrate‐to‐ammonia performance. Especially in acidic media, the maxmium Faradaic efficiency of ammonia (NH3) can reach 95.6 ± 0.5%, with a maximum NH3 yield of 36.2 ± 3.1 mg h−1 mgcat−1 (pH = 1.2), which is considerably higher than previously reported. Density functional theory calculations and in situ spectroscopic investigations indicate that the unique charge redistribution at the interface, together with the optimized electronic structure of Fe single‐atoms, strengthens intermediate adsorption and catalytic activity. This work provides a feasible strategy for designing nano‐single‐atom‐catalysts with unique heterointerfaces, as well as valuable insights into nitrate conversion under environmentally relevant wastewater conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Diameter estimates for Kähler metrics are established which require only an entropy bound and no lower bound on the Ricci curvature. The proof builds on recent PDE techniques for L∞$L^\infty$ estimates for the Monge–Ampère equation, with a key improvement allowing degeneracies of the volume form of codimension strictly greater than one. As a consequence, we solve the long‐standing problem of uniform diameter bounds and Gromov–Hausdorff convergence of the Kähler–Ricci flow, for both finite‐time and long‐time solutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To improve the phenomenon of serious power consumption of a ladle furnace, the impact of argon flow rate on power consumption in the refining process is investigated through theoretical calculations based on the principle of alternating current measurement using Rogowski coil and integrator circuit. The study divides the power supply phase into four distinct flow rate regions in a single furnace of DH36 steel, a low‐alloy, high‐strength ship plate steel commonly used in shipbuilding and offshore platforms. The analysis of active power, current, and voltage trends, along with average power consumption per second at each flow rate region, reveals a potential for efficient reduction in power consumption. Additionally, experiments with different argon flow rates (300, 400, and 500 NL min−1) during the power supply stages of multifurnace argon tests of AB/A steel show improvements in desulfurization rate, heating rate, processing time, and power consumption per ton of steel heated by 1 °C and power consumption per ton of steel per second. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study was to systematically review the development, performance, and applicability of prognostic models developed for predicting poor events in patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). Databases including Embase, PubMed, Web of Science Core Collection, the Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wan Fang, Wei Pu, and China Biological Medicine were queried from their respective dates of inception to 1 June 2023, to examine multivariate models for prognostic prediction in HFpEF. Both forward and backward citations of all studies were included in our analysis. Two researchers individually used the Critical Appraisal and Data Extraction for Systematic Reviews of Prediction Modelling Studies (CHARMS) checklist to extract data and assess the quality of the models using the Predictive Mode Bias Risk Assessment Tool (PROBAST). Among the 6897 studies screened, 16 studies derived and/or validated a total of 39 prognostic models. The sample size ranges for model development, internal validation, and external validation are 119 to 5988, 152 to 1000, and 30 to 5957, respectively. The most frequently employed modelling technique was Cox proportional hazards regression. Six studies (37.50%) conducted internal validation of models; bootstrap and k‐fold cross‐validation were the commonly used methods for internal validation of models. Ten of these models (25.64%) were validated externally, with reported the c‐statistic in the external validation set ranging from 0.70 to 0.96, while the remaining models await external validation. The MEDIA echo score and I‐PRESERVE‐sudden cardiac death prediction mode have been externally validated using multiple cohorts, and the results consistently show good predictive performance. The most frequently used predictors identified among the models were age, n‐terminal pro‐brain natriuretic peptide, ejection fraction, albumin, and hospital stay in the last 5 months owing to heart failure. All study predictor domains and outcome domains were at low risk of bias, high or unclear risk of bias of all prognostic models due to underreporting in the area of analysis. All studies did not evaluate the clinical utility of the prognostic models. Predictive models for predicting prognostic outcomes in patients with HFpEF showed good discriminatory ability but their utility and generalization remain uncertain due to the risk of bias, differences in predictors between models, and the lack of clinical application studies. Future studies should improve the methodological quality of model development and conduct external validation of models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In hospitals, contrast‐induced acute kidney injury (CI‐AKI) is a major cause of renal failure. This study evaluates berberine's (BBR) renal protection and its potential HDAC4 mechanism. CI‐AKI in rats was induced with 10 mL kg−1 ioversol. Rats were divided into five groups: Ctrl, BBR, CI‐AKI, CI‐AKI + BBR, and CI‐AKI + Tasq. The renal function of CI‐AKI rats was determined by measuring serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen. Histopathological changes and apoptosis of renal tubular epithelial cells were observed by HE and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdTase)‐mediated dUTP‐biotin nick end labeling (TUNEL) staining. Transmission electron microscopy was used to observe autophagic structures. In vitro, a CI‐AKI cell model was created with ioversol‐treated HK‐2 cells. Treatments included BBR, Rapa, HCQ, and Tasq. Analyses focused on proteins and genes associated with kidney injury, apoptosis, autophagy, and the HDAC4‐FoxO3a axis. BBR showed significant protective effects against CI‐AKI both in vivo and in vitro. It inhibited apoptosis by increasing Bcl‐2 protein levels and decreasing Bax levels. BBR also activated autophagy, as indicated by changes in autophagy‐related proteins and autophagic flux. The study further revealed that the contrast agent ioversol increased the expression of HDAC4, which led to elevated levels of phosphorylated FoxO3a (p‐FoxO3a) and acetylated FoxO3a (Ac‐FoxO3a). However, BBR inhibited HDAC4 expression, resulting in decreased levels of p‐FoxO3a and Ac‐FoxO3a. This activation of autophagy‐related genes, regulated by the transcription factor FoxO3a, played a role in BBR's protective effects. BBR, a traditional Chinese medicine, shows promise against CI‐AKI. It may counteract CI‐AKI by modulating HDAC4 and FoxO3a, enhancing autophagy, and limiting apoptosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Nonpharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) targeted at SARS‐CoV‐2 have remarkably affected the circulation of other respiratory pathogens, including respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). This study aimed to assess the changes in epidemiological and clinical characteristics of RSV infections in hospitalized children before and during the pandemic in Suzhou, China. Methods: We prospectively enrolled children aged < 18 years who were hospitalized in Soochow University Affiliated Children's Hospital with acute lower respiratory infection (ALRIs) from January 2018 to July 2022. Changes in epidemiological and clinical characteristics of RSV infections were analyzed. Results: Compared with the same period in 2018–2019, the difference in the overall positive rate of RSV was not statistically significant in 2020, while it increased significantly in 2021 (11.8% [662/5621] vs. 20.8% [356/1711], p < 0.001) and 2022 (9.0% [308/3406] vs. 18.9% [129/684], p < 0.001). Specifically, the positive rates declined considerably from October to December 2020 but sharply increased during the summer of 2021. Compared to prepandemic period, RSV infections were more frequently observed in older children during the pandemic. RSV‐positive children exhibited milder clinical characteristics during the COVID‐19 pandemic, including decreased proportion of patients with hospital stay ≥ 11 days (10.3% vs. 6.7%, p < 0.05), less requirement for oxygen therapy (13.7% vs. 6.9%, p < 0.001), and fewer cases of polypnea (12.2% vs. 9.7%, p < 0.05) and wheeze (50.1% vs. 42.9%, p < 0.001). Conclusions: The implementation of multilayered NPIs targeted at COVID‐19 has affected the activity of RSV. Ongoing monitoring of RSV is warranted as the changing RSV epidemiology can provide valuable insights for future healthcare system planning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The operations of the operators are important for nuclear safety, but conventional operating experience feedback and common data-driven methods make it difficult to explicitly find valuable information hidden in these operational sequences that can help the operator to provide advice at the operational level. During the nuclear power plant (NPP) operation, a large amount of historical operating data is accumulated, which records the operational sequences of the operators and the state parameters of equipment. Therefore, this paper proposes the use of association rule techniques to mine the NPP operating data to discover the operational characteristics of operators and reveal their possible impact on the NPP operation. This work helps to improve the operational performance of operators and prevent human-factor events. To this end, the concept of state switching values for describing the operating states of NPPs is proposed to enable the proposed method to be adapted to different practical application scenarios. A sequence segmentation method is proposed to be able to transform historical NPP operating data into a sequence data set for association rule mining. Furthermore, an ensemble algorithm based on sequence pattern mining and sequence rule mining and its postprocessing method are designed. The empirical study was carried out using 20 batches of historical operating data of the cold start-up. A total of 164 original association rules are generated using the proposed method and were analyzed by experts. The recommendations were made for 4 different cases that would improve the operational performance of the operators. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Previous studies did not provide substantial evidence for long‐term immune persistence after the hepatitis B vaccine (HepB) in preterm birth (PTB) children. Consequently, there is ongoing controversy surrounding the booster immunization strategy for these children. Therefore, we conducted a retrospective cohort study to evaluate the disparities in immune persistence between PTB children and full‐term children. A total of 1027 participants were enrolled in this study, including 505 PTB children in the exposure group and 522 full‐term children in the control group. The negative rate of hepatitis B surface antibody (HBsAb) in the PTB group was significantly lower than that in the control group (47.9% vs. 41.4%, p =.035). The risk of HBsAb‐negative in the exposure group was 1.5 times higher than that in the control group (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 1.5, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.1–2.0). The geometric mean concentration (GMC) of HBsAb was much lower for participants in the exposure group compared to participants in the control group (9.3 vs. 12.4 mIU/mL, p =.029). Subgroup analysis showed that the very preterm infants (gestational age <32 weeks) and the preterm low birth weight infants (birth weight <2000 g) had relatively low GMC levels of 3.2 mIU/mL (95% CI: 0.9–11.1) and 7.9 mIU/mL (95% CI: 4.2–14.8), respectively. Our findings demonstrated that PTB had a significant impact on the long‐term persistence of HBsAb after HepB vaccination. The very preterm infants (gestational age <32 weeks) and the preterm low birth weight infants (birth weight <2000 g) may be special populations that should be given priority for HepB booster vaccination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Neonatal stress disrupts brain development and increases the risk of neurological disorders later in life. However, the impact of neonatal stress on the development of the glymphatic system and susceptibility to Parkinson's disease (PD) remains largely unknown. Methods: Neonatal maternal deprivation (NMD) was performed on mice for 14 consecutive days to model chronic neonatal stress. Adeno‐associated virus expressing A53T‐α‐synuclein (α‐syn) was injected into the substantia nigra to establish PD model mice. Glymphatic activity was determined using in vivo magnetic resonance imaging, ex vivo fluorescence imaging and microplate assay. The transcription and expression of aquaporin‐4 (AQP4) and other molecules were evaluated by qPCR, western blotting, and immunofluorescence. Animal's responses to NMD and α‐syn overexpression were observed using behavioral tests. Results: Glymphatic activity was impaired in adult NMD mice. AQP4 polarization and platelet‐derived growth factor B (PDGF‐B) signaling were reduced in the frontal cortex and hippocampus of both young and adult NMD mice. Furthermore, exogenous α‐syn accumulation was increased and PD‐like symptoms were aggravated in adult NMD mice. Conclusion: The results demonstrated that NMD could disrupt the development of the glymphatic system through PDGF‐B signaling and increase the risk of PD later in life, indicating that alleviating neonatal stress could be beneficial in protecting the glymphatic system and reducing susceptibility to neurodegeneration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: The permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) drive system with small dc‐link capacitor will have the problem of unstable drive system due to the small damping of the LC filter and the negative impedance characteristics of the constant power load. The input LC filter can suppress interference and is essential for the normal operation of the drive, but it may not match the impedance of the post‐stage inverter, causing the drive system to become unstable. In this paper, by constructing the dc‐link voltage prediction model, combined with the PMSM current predictive control, the weighted cost function of the model predictive control (MPC) strategy is designed to realize the motor optimal control and the dc‐link voltage fluctuation suppression control. To avoid introducing additional sensors when constructing the dc‐link voltage model, a source state observer that can estimate the dc‐link voltage and input current is constructed. Simulation and experimental results are provided to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Waardenburg Syndrome (WS) is a rare genetic disorder that leads to congenital hearing loss and pigmentation defects. Microphthalmia‐associated transcription factor (MITF) is one of its significant pathogenic genes. Despite the comprehensive investigation in animal models, the pathogenic mechanism is still poorly described in humans due to difficulties accessing embryonic tissues. In this work, we used induced pluripotent stem cells derived from a WS patient carrying a heterozygous mutation in the MITF gene c.626A>T (p.His209Leu), and differentiated toward melanocyte lineage, which is the most affected cell type involved in WS. Compared with the wild‐type cell line, the MITFmut cell line showed a reduced expression of the characteristic melanocyte‐related genes and a lesser proportion of mature, fully pigmented melanosomes. The transcriptome analysis also revealed widespread gene expression changes at the melanocyte stage in the MITFmut cell line. The differentially expressed genes were enriched in melanogenesis and cell proliferation‐related pathways. Interestingly, ion transport‐related genes also showed a significant difference in MITFmut‐induced melanocytes, indicating that the MITF mutant may lead to the dysfunction of potassium channels and transporters produced by intermediate cells in the cochlea, further causing the associated phenotype of deafness. Altogether, our study provides valuable insights into how MITF mutation affects WS patients, which might result in defective melanocyte development and the related phenotype based on the patient‐derived iPSC model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have demonstrated immense potential for commercial applications. However, among the factors hindering further improvements in their performance, defects in the perovskite layers during the solution preparation process remain the primary culprit. Here, for the first time, 1,3‐dimethylthiourea (1,3‐DTu) into triple‐cation perovskite layer is introduced, taking advantage of the strong interaction between C=S in 1,3‐DTu and Pb in perovskite to significantly improve the quality of the perovskite thin films. This leads to a notable reduction in defects, suppression of nonradiative recombination, and enhancement of the optoelectronic properties of the films. The outcome proves highly positive, with the optimal PSC demonstrating an impressive power conversion efficiency (PCE) exceeding 23%, which is remarkably higher than the control one that yields ≈21%. Additionally, the optimized device exhibits excellent stability, maintaining over 90% and 83% of its initial PCE after 1200 h aging in air with a ≈30% relative humidity at room temperature and after 1700 h of heating at a constant temperature of 85 °C in N2, respectively, much better than the control one without the incorporation of 1,3‐DTu. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Contrast‐induced nephropathy (CIN) is a condition that causes kidney damage in patients receiving angiography with iodine‐based contrast agents. This study investigated the potential protective effects of berberine (BBR) against CIN and its underlying mechanisms. The researchers conducted both in vivo and in vitro experiments to explore BBR's renal protective effects. In the in vivo experiments, SD rats were used to create a CIN model, and different groups were established. The results showed that CIN model group exhibited impaired renal function, severe damage to renal tubular cells and increased apoptosis and ferroptosis. However, BBR treatment group demonstrated improved renal function, decreased apoptosis and ferroptosis. Similar results were observed in the in vitro experiments using HK‐2 cells. BBR reduced ioversol‐induced apoptosis and ferroptosis, and exerted its protective effects through Akt/Foxo3a/Nrf2 signalling pathway. BBR administration increased the expression of Foxo3a and Nrf2 while decreasing the levels of p‐Akt and p‐Foxo3a. In conclusion, this study revealed that BBR effectively inhibited ioversol‐induced apoptosis and ferroptosis in vivo and in vitro. The protective effects of BBR were mediated through the modulation of Akt/Foxo3a/Nrf2 signalling pathway, leading to the alleviation of CIN. These findings suggest that BBR may have therapeutic potential for protecting against CIN in patients undergoing angiography with iodine‐based contrast agents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A synthetic strategy based on biogenetic building blocks for the collective and divergent biomimetic synthesis of cleistoperlones A−F, a cinnamoylphloroglucinol collection discovered from Cleistocalyx operculatus, has been developed. These syntheses proceeded successfully in only six to seven steps starting from commercially available 1,3,5‐benzenetriol and involving oxidative activation of stable biogenetic building blocks as a crucial step. Key features of the syntheses include a unique Michael addition/ketalization/1,6‐addition/enol‐keto tautomerism cascade reaction for the construction of the dihydropyrano[3,2‐d]xanthene tetracyclic core of cleistoperlones A and B, and a rare inverse‐electron‐demand hetero‐Diels–Alder cycloaddition for the establishment of benzopyran ring in cleistoperlones D−F. Moreover, cleistoperlone A exhibited significant antiviral activity against acyclovir‐resistant strains of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV‐1/Blue and HSV‐1/153). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Anhydrous phase B (anh‐B) is a dense magnesium silicate with the composition Mg14Si5O24 and space group Pmcb. In magnesium‐rich environments, forsterite reacts with periclase to form anh‐B, and the formation of anh‐B was proposed as a plausible mechanism for the origin of the X‐discontinuity. However, the elastic properties of anh‐B, which are critical for evaluating the seismic features associated with its formation, have not been determined. In this study, we investigated the elasticity of anh‐B at high pressure and temperature via first‐principles calculations. Combining with the elasticity of other minerals, we determined the contrasts caused by the formation of anh‐B: ∼3%, ∼7%, and ∼10% jumps for density, VP, and VS, respectively. The 2%–8% impedance contrasts of the X‐discontinuity can be explained by the formation of 15–60 vol% anh‐B, which requires 3–12 vol% MgO as a reactant. Plain Language Summary: The reaction between forsterite and periclase, leading to the formation of anhydrous phase B (anh‐B), has been suggested as a plausible mechanism for the X‐discontinuity. However, the exact impedance contrasts associated with this reaction remain unclear due to the previously undetermined elasticity of anh‐B. To address this knowledge gap, our study utilized first‐principles calculations to thoroughly investigate the elastic properties of anh‐B under mantle conditions. By incorporating the elasticity data of other minerals, we successfully derived the property contrasts resulting from the formation of anh‐B for the first time. Our results indicate that 15–60 vol% anh‐B needs to be formed to explain the X‐discontinuity. These insightful results significantly advance our understanding of the reaction's seismic implications. Key Points: We obtained the elasticity of anhydrous phase B under mantle conditions for the first time via first‐principles calculationsThe formation of anhydrous phase B causes ∼10% P‐wave impedance contrast and ∼13% S‐wave impedance contrastThe formation of 15–60 vol% anhydrous phase B can explain the deep X‐discontinuity in the cold subduction zones [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The origins of Archean continents and subcontinental lithospheric mantle (SCLM) were important events in the early Earth. The mechanisms for the origins of Archean continents and the SCLM remain unclear. This study suggests that these events were controlled by the evolution of the hydrous magma ocean (MO). With solidification, the basal MO eventually became gravitationally unstable because of the enrichment of water. The triggered massive mantle overturns resulted in the major pulses of the crust and thick SCLM generations. The model avoids a fatal drawback of the oceanic plateau model for the origin of continents: the source of H2O needed for the formation of tonalite‐trondhjemite‐granodiorite (TTG). The model can also account for why the TTG and thick SCLM basically occurred in the Archean. Plain Language Summary: Among the inner solar system planets, the Earth is the only planet that has continental crust, plate tectonics, and life. The formation of Archean continents, which should play a crucial role in the initiation of plate tectonics and the evolution of life, remains hotly debated. In this study, we show that water in the basal magma ocean plays a fundamental role in the formation of Archean continents. With progressive crystallization, the basal magma ocean becomes increasingly enriched in water because the major lower‐mantle minerals have limited water storage capacity. The basal magma ocean eventually becomes gravitationally unstable because of the enrichment of water and generates mantle overturns. The mantle overturns transported a large amount of water upward to the shallow part of the Earth and controlled the formation of the continental crust and can account for many observations including the source of H2O needed for generation of the continental crust and the major pulse of crustal growth around the end of the Archean. Key Points: Water in the basal magma ocean plays a fundamental role in the formation of Archean continents and subcontinental lithospheric mantleThe basal magma ocean eventually became gravitationally unstable and generated the mantle overturns because of the enrichment of waterThe water‐induced mantle overturns resulted in the major pulses of the thick subcontinental lithospheric mantle and continental crust generations in the Neoarchean [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As scaling down to the nanoscale, the dramatically increased morphological deviation between nanostructures becomes a major challenge in implementing large‐scale nanodevices. On the other side of the coin, the often‐undesirable rich non‐repeatable randomness introduced during nanostructure growth and subsequent device fabrication is of great value in the implementation of physically unclonable functions (PUF), a booming innovative security primitive. Herein, it is shown that the self‐oriented organic nanowires grown on a faceted surface through a vapor transport process are advanced building blocks for the implementation of two novel PUFs. An optical PUF is first demonstrated by exploiting the unclonable morphological randomness of the self‐oriented nanowires (e.g., length, thickness, density, and location), which can provide an entity‐specific primary encryption for nanowire devices. Next, these nanowires are integrated into photodetector arrays directly on their growth substrate and accordingly enable an electrical PUF based on the inherent resistance variation between detector cells. Furthermore, by combining these two PUFs, a secondary encryption with higher security is proposed for information communication. The implementation of nanowire‐based PUFs not only opens a new device direction to exploit the annoying unclonable randomness of bottom‐up nanowires, but also provides innovative label‐free security primitives for emerging nanowire‐based devices and systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Diabetes mellitus (DM) can lead to diabetic ulcers (DUs), which are the most severe complications. Due to the need for more accurate patient classifications and diagnostic models, treatment and management strategies for DU patients still need improvement. The difficulty of diabetic wound healing is caused closely related to biological metabolism and immune chemotaxis reaction dysfunction. Therefore, the purpose of our study is to identify metabolic biomarkers in patients with DU and construct a molecular subtype‐specific prognostic model that is highly accurate and robust. RNA‐sequencing data for DU samples were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. DU patients and normal individuals were compared regarding the expression of metabolism‐related genes (MRGs). Then, a novel diagnostic model based on MRGs was constructed with the random forest algorithm, and classification performance was evaluated utilizing receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. The biological functions of MRGs‐based subtypes were investigated using consensus clustering analysis. A principal component analysis (PCA) was conducted to determine whether MRGs could distinguish between subtypes. We also examined the correlation between MRGs and immune infiltration. Lastly, qRT‐PCR was utilized to validate the expression of the hub MRGs with clinical validations and animal experimentations. Firstly, 8 metabolism‐related hub genes were obtained by random forest algorithm, which could distinguish the DUs from normal samples validated by the ROC curves. Secondly, DU samples could be consensus clustered into three molecular classifications by MRGs, verified by PCA analysis. Thirdly, associations between MRGs and immune infiltration were confirmed, with LYN and Type 1 helper cell significantly positively correlated; RHOH and TGF‐β family remarkably negatively correlated. Finally, clinical validations and animal experiments of DU skin tissue samples showed that the expressions of metabolic hub genes in the DU groups were considerably upregulated, including GLDC, GALNT6, RHOH, XDH, MMP12, KLK6, LYN, and CFB. The current study proposed an auxiliary MRGs‐based DUs model while proposing MRGs‐based molecular clustering and confirmed the association with immune infiltration, facilitating the diagnosis and management of DU patients and designing individualized treatment plans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The U.S. Food and Drug Administration has approved a total of 37 new drugs in 2022, which are composed of 20 chemical entities and 17 biologics. In particular, 20 chemical entities, including 17 small molecule drugs, 1 radiotherapy, and 2 diagnostic agents, provide privileged scaffolds, breakthrough clinical benefits, and a new mechanism of action for the discovery of more potent clinical candidates. The structure‐based drug development with clear targets and fragment‐based drug development with privileged scaffolds have always been the important modules in the field of drug discovery, which could easily bypass the patent protection and bring about improved biological activity. Therefore, we summarized the relevant valuable information about clinical application, mechanism of action, and chemical synthesis of 17 newly approved small molecule drugs in 2022. We hope this timely and comprehensive review could bring about creative and elegant inspiration on the synthetic methodologies and mechanism of action for the discovery of new drugs with novel chemical scaffolds and extended clinical indications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Genome integration‐free pig induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) bring tremendous value in pre‐clinical testing of regenerative medicine, as well as conservation and exploitation of endangered or rare local pig idioplasmatic resources. However, due to a lack of appropriate culture medium, efficient induction and stable maintenance of pig iPSCs with practical value remains challenging. Here, we established an efficient induction system for exogenous gene‐independent iPSCs under chemically defined culture condition previously used for generation of stable pig pre‐gastrulation epiblast stem cells (pgEpiSCs). WNT suppression was found to play an essential role in establishment of exogenous gene‐independent iPSCs. Strikingly, stable integration‐free pig iPSCs could be established from pig somatic cells using episomal vectors in this culture condition. The iPSCs had pluripotency features and transcriptome characteristics approximating pgEpiSCs. More importantly, this induction system may be used to generate integration‐free iPSCs from elderly disabled rare local pig somatic cells and the iPSCs could be gene‐edited and used as donor cells for nuclear transfer. Our results provide novel insights into potential applications for genetic breeding of livestock species and pre‐clinical evaluation of regenerative medicine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study explores the discharge uniformity at different cycles under different airflow velocities in nanosecond‐pulsed dielectric barrier discharge. Based on a proper choice of the airflow velocity and discharge parameters, diffuse discharges can be maintained at an air gap of 5–7 mm. At higher airflow velocities, the discharge may transition to a complex mode, in which the diffuse and filamentary regions are maintained simultaneously. When the discharge is operated at a higher frequency, higher voltage, or smaller gas gap, the area of diffuse discharge can be expanded to a certain extent. The discharge characteristics indicate that airflow lowers the gas temperature and modulates the preionization degree, which induces the generation of a diffuse discharge for a properly adjusted airflow velocity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Perovskite ferroelectric thin films exhibit unique dielectric and piezoelectric properties owing to their internal polarized domains that accommodate the out‐of‐plane (ferroelectric) and in‐plane (ferroelastic) polarization‐induced electrostatic and elastic energy. These domains are generally treated as 2D defects with distinctive differences in domain morphology and domain‐wall characteristics, although they are indeed 3D volumetric defects. Here, by using atomistic simulation and microscopy characterization, a "pseudo‐ferroelectric domain" that has the morphology similar to a ferroelectric domain but holds the same defect character of ferroelastic domain‐wall, i.e., semi‐coherent (100)matrix||(100)domain interface is identified. Such pseudo‐ferroelectric domain walls will play a critical role in the migration kinetics of ferroelastic domains and in the piezoelectric responses of ferroelectric thin films during cyclic mechanical/electrical loading. The study throws light on a novel aspect of domains, namely, the 3D configuration and mobility of domain walls, and their role in the overall domain engineering. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: The isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) phenotype is associated with reprogrammed energy metabolism in glioblastoma (GBM) cells. Small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs) are known to exert an important regulatory role in the energy metabolism of tumor cells. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of C/D box snoRNA U3 and transcription factor zinc finger and BTB domain‐containing 7A (ZBTB7A) in the regulation of aerobic glycolysis and the proliferative capacity of IDH1 wild‐type (IDH1WT) GBM cells. Methods: Quantitative reverse transcription PCR and western blot assays were utilized to detect snoRNA U3 and ZBTB7A expression. U3 promoter methylation status was analyzed via bisulfite sequencing and methylation‐specific PCR. Seahorse XF glycolysis stress assays, lactate production and glucose consumption measurement assays, and cell viability assays were utilized to detect glycolysis and proliferation of IDH1WT GBM cells. Results: We found that hypomethylation of the CpG island in the promoter region of U3 led to the upregulation of U3 expression in IDH1WT GBM cells, and the knockdown of U3 suppressed aerobic glycolysis and the proliferation ability of IDH1WT GBM cells. We found that small nucleolar‐derived RNA (sdRNA) U3‐miR, a small fragment produced by U3, was able to bind to the ZBTB4 3′UTR region and reduce ZBTB7A mRNA stability, thereby downregulating ZBTB7A protein expression. Furthermore, ZBTB7A transcriptionally inhibited the expression of hexokinase 2 (HK2) and lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA), which are key enzymes of aerobic glycolysis, by directly binding to the HK2 and LDHA promoter regions, thereby forming the U3/ZBTB7A/HK2 LDHA pathway that regulates aerobic glycolysis and proliferation of IDH1WT GBM cells. Conclusion: U3 enhances aerobic glycolysis and proliferation in IDH1WT GBM cells via the U3/ZBTB7A/HK2 LDHA axis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Large‐scale on‐chip integration of organic nanowire‐based devices requires the deterministic assembly of organic small molecules into highly‐aligned nanowires. In this work, phthalocyanine molecules are self‐assembled into horizontally‐aligned nanowires after generating parallel hydrophobic nanogrooves on a sapphire surface. In contrast to previous self‐oriented inorganic nanowires, these molecular nanowires are separated from their supporting sapphire by an ultrathin amorphous layer, indicating a complete elimination of lattice matching between nanowires and substrates. Therefore, small molecules beyond phthalocyanines hold promise to form aligned nanowires using this graphoepitaxial self‐assembly strategy. The excellent alignment and high crystallinity of these nanowires enable the desired in‐situ integration of nanowire‐based devices without additional postgrowth processing steps. As a proof of concept, self‐oriented CuPc nanowires are integrated into photodetector arrays directly on their growth substrate after electrode arrays are transferred onto the nanowires. Compared to previous CuPc photodetectors constructed using other approaches, these detectors exhibit a faster response to the spectrum in the 488–780 nm range (rise and fall times are 0.05–0.43 s and 0.38–2.34 s, respectively) while offering comparable detectivities (2.49 × 1010 Jones on average). This graphoepitaxial self‐assembly offers new opportunities for the aligned growth of organic crystalline nanowires and their large‐scale in‐situ integration into functional devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

SUMMARY: Plasma membrane represents a critical battleground between plants and attacking microbes. Necrosis‐and‐ethylene‐inducing peptide 1 (Nep1)‐like proteins (NLPs), cytolytic toxins produced by some bacterial, fungal and oomycete species, are able to target on lipid membranes by binding eudicot plant‐specific sphingolipids (glycosylinositol phosphorylceramide) and form transient small pores, causing membrane leakage and subsequent cell death. NLP‐producing phytopathogens are a big threat to agriculture worldwide. However, whether there are R proteins/enzymes that counteract the toxicity of NLPs in plants remains largely unknown. Here we show that cotton produces a peroxisome‐localized enzyme lysophospholipase, GhLPL2. Upon Verticillium dahliae attack, GhLPL2 accumulates on the membrane and binds to V. dahliae secreted NLP, VdNLP1, to block its contribution to virulence. A higher level of lysophospholipase in cells is required to neutralize VdNLP1 toxicity and induce immunity‐related genes expression, meanwhile maintaining normal growth of cotton plants, revealing the role of GhLPL2 protein in balancing resistance to V. dahliae and growth. Intriguingly, GhLPL2 silencing cotton plants also display high resistance to V. dahliae, but show severe dwarfing phenotype and developmental defects, suggesting GhLPL2 is an essential gene in cotton. GhLPL2 silencing results in lysophosphatidylinositol over‐accumulation and decreased glycometabolism, leading to a lack of carbon sources required for plants and pathogens to survive. Furthermore, lysophospholipases from several other crops also interact with VdNLP1, implying that blocking NLP virulence by lysophospholipase may be a common strategy in plants. Our work demonstrates that overexpressing lysophospholipase encoding genes have great potential for breeding crops with high resistance against NLP‐producing microbial pathogens. Significance Statement: NLP‐producing phytopathogens are a big threat to agriculture worldwide. There is no report on R proteins/enzymes that counteract the toxicity of NLPs in plants. This study reports that cotton uses a peroxisome‐localized enzyme, lysophospholipase, to neutralize NLP toxin secreted by Verticillium dahliae, a soil‐borne fungal pathogen that causes vascular disease in a broad range host, thus enhancing plant resistance to wilt disease caused by this pathogen. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aim of the Study. The effects of sex on the prognosis of patients with acute type A aortic dissection (ATAAD) have still remained controversial. This study aimed to explore the sex differences in outcomes of ATAAD patients undergoing surgery. Methods. Data of patients with ATAAD who were operated in our center from 2010 to 2018 were retrospectively collected. Data on pre-, intra-, and postoperative courses were analyzed. Propensity score weighting was performed to balance the baseline characteristics. Multivariable logistic regression was used to assess predictors of early mortality in overall female and male patients. Results. A total of 1448 patients were enrolled, including 352 (24.3%) female patients and 1096 (75.7%) male patients. Females were significantly older than males (56.0 vs. 47.8 years, P < 0.001). Dissection was less extensive (Fuwai Ct: 85.8% vs. 91.3%, P = 0.003) and malperfusion syndrome was less frequently diagnosed (Penn Ab: 19.3% vs. 29.7%, P < 0.001) in females. Males experienced more aortic root replacement (Bentall: 14.2% vs. 24.9%, P < 0.001) and total arch replacement combined with frozen elephant trunk (56.8% vs. 75.8%, P < 0.001) with the prolonged operation time (6.1 vs. 6.4 hours, P = 0.001). In contrast, early mortality was higher in females (9.4% vs. 6.1%, P = 0.036). No differences were found in long-term survival and reoperation rates. After propensity score weighting, sex suggested no influence on both early and long-term outcomes. Cardiopulmonary bypass time was an independent risk factor for early mortality in both overall and sex-related populations according to the multivariable logistic regression. Conclusions. In ATAAD, different presentations and surgical strategies were noted in male and female patients. However, there were no significant differences in early and long-term outcomes between sexes after propensity score weighting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Most patients with Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection have no clinical symptoms, numerous studies reported the gastric microbiome in H. pylori‐infected patients, but asymptomatic patients have not been distinguished. How the microbiome and function changes in asymptomatic patients with H. pylori infection remains poorly understood. Methods: A total of 29 patients were divided into H. pylori‐infected asymptomatic group (10 patients), H. pylori‐infected symptomatic group (11 patients) and H. pylori‐uninfected group (8 patients). Gastric mucosa specimens were taken for histopathological examination, special staining, and 16 S rDNA sequencing. High‐throughput results were evaluated by community composition analysis, indicator species analysis, alpha diversity analysis, beta diversity analysis, and function prediction. Results: The gastric microbiota composition at phylum and genus level of H. pylori‐infected asymptomatic patients were similar with H. pylori‐infected symptomatic group, but different from H. pylori‐uninfected patients. The diversity and richness of gastric microbial community declined significantly in H. pylori‐infected asymptomatic group comparing with H. pylori‐uninfected group. Sphingomonas may be an indicator between symptomatic and asymptomatic patients with H. pylori infection, the AUC value of Sphingomonas is 0.79. Interactions between species increased and altered notably after H. pylori infection. More genera were affected by Helicobacter in H. pylori‐infected asymptomatic patients. The function condition changed significantly in asymptomatic patients with H. pylori infection, there was no difference comparing with symptomatic ones. Amino acid metabolism and lipid metabolism strengthened but carbohydrate metabolism remained constant after H. pylori infection. The metabolism of fatty acid and bile acid was disturbed after infection with H. pylori. Conclusion: The gastric microbiota composition and function mode changed significantly after H. pylori infection regardless of the presence of clinical symptoms, there was no difference between H. pylori‐infected asymptomatic and symptomatic patients. The difference in gastric microbiota composition and interactions between species might be responsible for presence of digestive symptoms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ferroptosis resistance is vital for B cell development, especially in inflammatory diseases, yet the underlying mechanism is still unclear. In this study, based on the scRNA-seq technique and flow cytometry, we discovered a proportion of neutrophils exhibited upregulated expression of the IL-6 and correlated with the expression of IL-6 receptor and SLC7A11 from B cells in lupus kidney. Moreover, we identified that in lupus kidney, neutrophils could provide IL-6 to facilitate ferroptosis resistance in B cells via SLC7A11, and inhibition of SLC7A11 could significantly enhance ferroptosis in B cells and could decrease B cell proliferation. This study helps understand the crosstalk between neutrophils and B cells in the kidney in the development of lupus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Metal‐halide perovskites, especially for 3D halide perovskite single crystals (SCs), are emerging as the promising scintillators. However, the strong self‐absorption and low light yield of these perovskites restrict their practical applications. Quantum cutting can convert a high energy photon into multiple low energy photons, endowing a large Stokes shift and high photoluminescent quantum yield (PLQY). Here, this work reports a novel quantum cutting material, CsPbClxBr3−x:Yb3+ perovskite SCs, with the PLQY of 149% and a Stokes shift >550 nm, successfully conquering the issues of poor PLQY induced by the thermal quenching and the large self‐absorption in perovskite SCs. Benefiting from the extremely high PLQY and negligible self‐absorption effect, the first high‐performance quantum cutting scintillators based on CsPbClxBr3−x:Yb3+ perovskite SCs are developed, exhibiting high transmittance, large X‐ray absorption/conversion efficiency, outstanding light yield of ≈1.12 × 105 photons MeV−1, and a detection limit as low as 176.5 nGyair s−1. Finally, a single‐pixel X‐ray imaging is achieved by integrating CsPbCl3:Yb3+ SCs with silicon photomultiplier. This work sheds light on exploring highly competitive scintillators beyond the scope of traditional perovskites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The earthquake‐induced displacement of sloping soil mass is an important indicator of co‐seismic landslide initiation. In this paper, an improved Newmark displacement model that considers the accumulation of dynamic pore water pressure (DPWP) in the soil caused by both vertical and horizontal ground motions is proposed. The model can quantitatively describe the dynamic changes of the seismic yield acceleration of near‐saturated infinite soil slopes. Three different types of ground motion time histories are selected to compare the performance of the proposed Newmark displacement model, and the influence of DPWP accumulation on the slope yield acceleration and on the seismic displacement is obtained. The seismic slope displacement analyses indicate that the weakening effect of slope yield acceleration caused by bidirectional earthquake excitation‐induced DPWP is more obvious than when only considering the horizontal ground motion, when the slip surface soils are in near‐saturated state. The effect of initial saturation (Sr0) on the DPWP accumulation caused by vertical ground motion is also investigated. Furthermore, the accumulated seismic displacement can be reasonably explained by the frequency distribution characteristics of the ground motions. Finally, the numerical results of this paper show that the seismic displacement model seldomly considering the effect of DPWP, or only considering the DPWP induced by horizontal ground motion, can significantly underestimate the displacement value when the slip surface soils are in a near‐saturated state. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Various epitaxial mechanisms have been proposed to control the growth orientation of vapor‐deposited nanowires, yet the required lattice matching between target nanowires and supporting substrates limits their applicability. In this work, a versatile hot stamping protocol for fabricating parallel hydrophobic nanogrooves on flexible polymer films (e.g., polyimide (PI), polyethylene naphthalate (PEN), polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)) is proposed. More interestingly, various organic small molecules, including several metal phthalocyanines (MPc, M = Cu, Zn, Fe, Ni, Co), 9,10‐bis(phenylethynyl)anthracene (BPEA), 9,10‐diphenylanthracene (DPA), and tris‐(8‐hydroxyquinoline)aluminium (Alq3), are directly assembled into horizontally‐oriented nanowires along the hot‐stamped nanogrooves on a flexible PI film, thereby breaking the lattice‐matching limitation for oriented nanowire growth. These submillimeter‐long horizontally oriented nanowires can be integrated into flexible photodetectors directly on their growth film, eliminating the need for laborious post‐growth transfer and alignment steps and the associated structural damage and contamination. Consequently, the in situ integrated flexible photodetector made of aligned CuPc nanowires maintains a stable and fast photoresponse to a spectrum in the region of 405‐980 nm even when the detector is bent to a radius of curvature of 2.5 mm and 1000 times. This work will open new opportunities to develop in situ integrated flexible devices based on organic crystalline nanowires for practical applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]