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With the increase of drug‐resistant bacteria and the limitations of traditional antibacterial methods, photocatalytic inhibition has received widespread attention as a novel antibacterial method. In this paper, poly(1‐vinyl‐3‐ethylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate) composite oxygenated carbon nitride (PBF‐OCN) were prepared by in situ free radical polymerization using 1‐vinyl‐3‐ethylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate and OCN. The results showed that the light absorption ability and electron hole separation rate of PBF‐OCN were greatly improved compared with that of OCN, and the rate constant for photocatalytic removal MB of PBF‐OCN‐1 was about 1.39 times of that OCN. The growth of Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) could be significantly inhibited by PBF‐OCN under visible light, among which, the inhibition of PBF‐OCN‐3 was the most excellent, with the diameter of the circle of inhibition reaching 20.69 mm for E. coli, and 21.30 mm for S. aureus, and the inhibition rate against E. coli calculated by plate counting method reached 97.0%. The minimum inhibitory concentration for E. coli and S. aureus was 0.0625 mg/mL, respectively, and the possible inhibition mechanism of the samples was explored. The good synergistic antibacterial effect of PBF‐OCN is expected to be applied in water treatment, antibacterial devices, packaging materials, and other fields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hypervascularized glioblastoma is naturally sensitive to anti‐angiogenesis but suffers from low efficacy of transient vasculature normalization. In this study, a lipid‐polymer nanoparticle is synthesized to execute compartmentalized Cas9 and sgRNA delivery for a permanent vasculature editing strategy by knocking out the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3). The phenylboronic acid branched cationic polymer is designed to condense sgRNA electrostatically (inner compartment) and patch Cas9 coordinatively (outer compartment), followed by liposomal hybridization with angiopep‐2 decoration for blood–brain barrier (BBB) penetration. The lipid‐polymer nanoparticles can reach glioblastoma within 2 h post intravenous administration, and hypoxia in tumor cells triggers charge‐elimination and degradation of the cationic polymer for burst release of Cas9 and sgRNA, accompanied by instant Cas9 RNP assembly, yielding ≈50% STAT3 knockout. The downregulation of downstream vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) reprograms vasculature normalization to improve immune infiltration, collaborating with interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) and interleukin‐10 (IL‐10) reduction to develop anti‐glioblastoma responses. Collectively, the combinational assembly for compartmentalized Cas9/sgRNA delivery provides a potential solution in glioblastoma therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Graphitic carbon nitride (g‐C3N4) has received much attention as a metal‐free photocatalyst for dye degradation and sterilization. However, the low photocatalytic bactericidal activity and the difficulty in recycling have limited its applications. Here, oxidatively modified g‐C3N4 grafted with polyethyleneimine (PEI) nanofiber membranes (PVA/PEI‐OCN) was reported to enhance the photocatalytic activity. The modification by PEI grafting could reduce the recombination rate of photogenerated carriers and lead to more electrons for the photocatalytic reaction. In addition, electron spin resonance (ESR) results showed that the generation of reactive oxygen species (˙OH, ˙O2− and 1O2) were significantly enhanced in photocatalysis, leading to the significant enhancement of photocatalytic bactericidal activity and dye degradation. Furthermore, the PVA/PEI‐OCN nanofiber membranes prepared by electrospinning had smooth surfaces and uniform fiber formation, with an average diameter of 380 ± 60 nm. The tensile strength was about 73.5% higher than that of PVA nanofiber membranes. The inhibition diameter of PVA/PEI‐OCN‐4 against Escherichisa coli (E. coil) could reach 20 ± 0.2 mm, and the maximum degradation efficiency of methylene blue solution (10 mg/L) could reach 92.8% within 120 min. This work provided an effective paradigm for the rational design of metal‐free photocatalytic materials for elimination of bacterial and dye contamination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

SUMMARY: Anthocyanin generation in apples (Malus domestica) and the pigmentation that results from it may be caused by irradiation and through administration of methyl jasmonate (MeJA). However, their regulatory interrelationships associated with fruit coloration are not well defined. To determine whether MdERF109, a transcription factor (TF) involved in light‐mediated coloration and anthocyanin biosynthesis, has synergistic effects with other proteins, we performed a yeast two‐hybrid assessment and identified another TF, MdWER. MdWER was induced by MeJA treatment, and although overexpression of MdWER alone did not promote anthocyanin accumulation co‐overexpression with MdERF109 resulted in significantly increase in anthocyanin biosynthesis. MdWER may form a protein complex with MdERF109 to promote anthocyanin accumulation by enhancing combinations between the proteins and their corresponding genes. In addition, MdWER, as a MeJA responsive protein, interacts with the anthocyanin repressor MdJAZ2. Transient co‐expression in apple fruit and protein interaction assays allowed us to conclude that MdERF109 and MdJAZ2 interact with MdWER and take part in the production of anthocyanins upon MeJA treatment and irradiation. Our findings validate a role for the MdERF109‐MdWER‐MdJAZ2 module in anthocyanin biosynthesis and uncover a novel mechanism for how light and MeJA signals are coordinated anthocyanin biosynthesis in apple fruit. Significance Statement: Our findings validate a role for the MdERF109‐MdWER‐MdJAZ2 module in anthocyanin biosynthesis and uncover a novel mechanism for how light and MeJA signals are coordinated anthocyanin biosynthesis in apple fruit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Secure multiparty quantum summation, as a critical part of secure multiparty quantum computation, plays a pivotal role in the field of quantum cryptography. In this paper, a hybrid protocol is proposed to implement secure multiparty quantum summation and anonymous ranking simultaneously, which uses d$d$‐level two‐particle entangled states. In the designed protocol, the particles are conveyed in the way of the circle‐type transmission mode, which can compute the sum of the secret and the ranking by analyzing the distribution of participants associated with different secret values. Moreover, random number sequences can be obtained by constructing a fundamental system of solutions, which avoids the transmission of random numbers and reduces the use of quantum resources. According to the analysis, it can be seen that the protocol is secure against known attacks, and the secrets remain undisclosed throughout the protocol's implementation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

All lung tumors exhibit PCNE signatures, except LUAD02T and LUSC01T, forming one dominant group with minor clones under ten cells. One study limitation is subclone detection dependent on 10x scDNA-Seq cell profiling,[6] partially repenting subclone diversity in tumors. "LX" indicates subclone has loss of heterozygosity in chromosome X. The largest subclone populates 1,273 diploid cells (LUAD03T-D), whilst we detected 23 small cell populations, that is, subclones under 10 cells (Table S2). Our findings reflect lung tumors holding huge subclone diversity on copy number variations (CNVs) and complex structure variations (cSVs). [Extracted from the article]

The visible light catalytic antibacterial nanofiber membranes as a novel functional material were designed to solve the problem of bacterial infection and water pollution. In this work, oxygenated graphite carbon nitride nanosheets (O‐g‐C3N4) with 12% oxygen content were synthesized through thermal polycondensation followed by chemical oxidation. Exfoliation and dispersion of O‐g‐C3N4 were strongly enhanced compared to pristine g‐C3N4 due to rich hydrophilic carboxyl and hydroxyl groups. The amount of ROS generated by O‐g‐C3N4 was about 13.8% more than that of g‐C3N4. Then, the polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)/chitosan (CS)/O‐g‐C3N4 (PCO) composite nanofiber membranes were prepared by electrospinning. The contact angle of the PCO nanofiber membranes decreased from 55.0° ± 0.5 to 45.9° ± 0.2 along with the increased amount of O‐g‐C3N4, indicating the improvement of hydrophilicity. Meanwhile, the diameter of nanofibers increased from 148.0 ± 22.9 nm to 244.0 ± 52.3 nm with the loading ratio from 0% to 17%. The PCO nanofiber membranes exhibited significantly higher antibacterial activity compared to the blank nanofiber membranes and bare O‐g‐C3N4. The maximum diameter of the inhibition zone against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus could reach 26 ± 0.1 mm and 16 ± 0.2 mm, respectively. The inhibition rate against E. coli could reach 97% in 24 h under the irradiation of simulated sunlight. Based on reactive oxygen species (ROS) testing, zeta potential, and bacterial inhibition experiments, a possible synergistic mechanism was proposed. The electrostatic adsorption effect of PCO nanofiber membranes and ROS could effectively decompose the organic components of bacteria and destroy their structural integrity. The results indicated that the antibacterial PCO composite nanofiber membranes have wide application prospects in biomedical‐related fields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Modern research has demonstrated that Sanghuangporus vaninii (S. vaninii) has significant therapeutic value, and phenolic compounds are one of its most active ingredients. In this study, deep eutectic solvents (DES) were used to extract the phenolic components from S. vaninii using response surface methodology. The optimal conditions were obtained with a water content of 20%, a material‐to‐liquid ratio of 1:60 g mL−1, an extraction temperature of 70°C and an extraction time of 34 min. Under these conditions, the total phenolic content reached 9.71 ± 0.69 mg g−1, which was higher than the conventional method (4.23 ± 0.44 mg g−1). The phenolic extract was then purified by HPD‐100, and the purified phenolic extracts exhibited distinct antioxidant, antibacterial and hypoglycaemic activities. Twenty‐five phenolic compounds were identified using UPLC‐Triple‐TOF‐MS/MS. These data implied that the integrated action of the identified phenolic compounds had a decisive influence on the biological activity of the extracts, and this study furnished the basis for the utilisation of S. vaninii. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Light is known to regulate anthocyanin pigment biosynthesis in plants on several levels, but the significance of protein phosphorylation in light‐induced anthocyanin accumulation needs further investigation. In this study, we investigated the dynamics of the apple fruit phosphoproteome in response to light, using high‐performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry analysis. Among the differentially phosphorylated proteins, the bZIP (basic leucine zipper) transcription factor, HY5, which has been identified as an anthocyanin regulator, was rapidly activated by light treatment of the fruit. We hypothesized that phosphorylated MdHY5 may play a role in light‐induced anthocyanin accumulation of apple fruit. Protein interaction and phosphorylation assays showed that mitogen‐activated protein kinase MdMPK6 directly interacted with, and activated, MdHY5 via phosphorylation under light conditions, thereby increasing its stability. Consistent with this finding, the suppression of the mitogen‐activated protein kinase genes MdMPK6 or MdHY5 resulted in an inhibition of anthocyanin accumulation, and further showed that light‐induced anthocyanin accumulation is dependent on MdMPK6 kinase activity, and is required for maximum MdHY5 activity. Under light conditions, active MdMPK6 phosphorylated MdHY5 leading to accumulation of phospho‐MdHY5, which enhanced the binding of MdHY5 to its target anthocyanin related genes in fruit. Our findings reveal an MdMPK6–MdHY5 phosphorylation pathway in light‐induced anthocyanin accumulation, providing new insights into the regulation of light‐induced anthocyanin biosynthesis in apple fruit at both the transcriptional and post‐translational levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Enhanced fatty acid synthesis provides proliferation and survival advantages for tumor cells. Apelin is an adipokine, which serves as a ligand of G protein–coupled receptors that promote tumor growth in malignant cancers. Here, we confirmed that apelin increased sterol regulatory element–binding protein 1 (SREBP1) activity and induced the expression of glutamine amidotransferase for deamidating high‐mobility group A 1 (HMGA1) to promote fatty acid synthesis and proliferation of lung cancer cells. This post‐translational modification stabilized the HMGA1 expression and enhanced the formation of the apelin‐HMGA1‐SREBP1 complex to facilitate SREBP1 activity for lipid metabolism and lung cancer cell growth. We uncovered the pivotal role of apelin‐mediated deamidation of HMGA1 in lipid metabolism and tumorigenesis of lung cancer cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The practice effect of time‐based prospective memory (TBPM) refers to the phenomenon that TBPM task performance can be significantly improved by repetitive behavioural training. However, reminders are a common strategy for people to perform TBPM tasks in daily life. A large amount of evidence shows that reminders can improve TBPM performance when individuals pay less attention to time information. However, the present study was the first to explore whether external reminders might simultaneously impede the practice effect of TBPM. In this study, 81 undergraduate students were randomly assigned to control group (N = 27, Mage = 20.00, SDage = 1.04), reminder group (N = 26, Mage = 20.35, SDage = 1.70) and non‐reminder group (N = 28, Mage = 20.25, SDage = 1.17). In the training stage, the reminder group could receive effective external reminders, while the non‐reminder group could not. The results of the training stage revealed that compared with the non‐reminder group, the reminder group had fewer time monitoring times and better TBPM performance. In the testing stage, when reminders were removed from the reminder group, we found that compared with the control group without TBPM training, the TBPM performance of the reminder group failed to improve, while that of the non‐reminder group improved significantly. Meanwhile, the time estimation ability of the reminder group was not as improved as that of the non‐reminder group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lymphocytes and neutrophils are involved in the immune response against cancer. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between lymphocyte percentage/neutrophil percentage and the clinical characteristics of lung cancer patients, and to explore whether they could act as valuable predictors to ameliorate lung cancer prognosis. A total of 1312 patients were eligible to be recruited. Lymphocyte percentage and neutrophil percentage were classified based on their reference ranges. Survival curves were determined using Kaplan–Meier method, and univariate and multivariate cox regression analyses were performed to identify the significant predictors. Decision curve analysis was used to evaluate the clinical benefit. The results of both training and validation cohorts indicated that lymphocyte percentage exhibited high correlation with clinical characteristics and metastasis of lung cancer patients. Both lymphocyte percentage and neutrophil percentage were closely associated with survival status (all p < 0.0001). Low lymphocyte percentage could act as an indicator of poor prognosis; it offered a higher clinical benefit when combined with the clinical characteristic model. Our findings suggested that pretreatment lymphocyte percentage served as a reliable predictor of lung cancer prognosis, and it was also an accurate response indicator in lung adenocarcinoma and advanced lung cancer. Measurement of lymphocyte percentage improved the clinical utility of patient characteristics in predicting mortality of lung cancer patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The physiological response of symbiotic Symbiodiniaceae to high temperature is believed to result in coral bleaching. However, the potential effect of nitrogen availability on heat acclimatization of symbiotic Symbiodiniaceae is still unclear. In this study, physiological responses of Symbiodiniaceae Cladocopium goreaui to temperature and nitrogen nutrient stress conditions were investigated. Nitrogen deficiency caused significant declines in cell concentration and chlorophyll content per cell, but significant increases in nitric oxide synthase activity, caspase3 activation level, and cellular carbon content of C. goreaui at normal temperature. Algal cells under high temperature and nitrogen deficiency showed significant rises in Fv/Fm, catalase activity, and caspase3 activation level, but no significant changes in cell yield, cell size, chlorophyll content, superoxide dismutase, nitric oxide synthase activity, and cellular contents of nitrogen and carbon, in comparison with those under normal temperature and nitrogen deficiency. Growth, chlorophyll, and nitrogen contents of algal cells under the high temperature and nitrogen‐replete conditions were significantly higher than those under high temperature or nitrogen deficiency alone, whereas nitric oxide synthase activity, superoxide dismutase activity, catalase activity, carbon content, and caspase3 activation level exhibited opposite trends of variation. Transcriptomic and network analyses revealed ion transport and metabolic processes mainly involved in regulating these physiological activities under different temperature and nitrogen nutrient. The totality of results shows that high temperature activates stress responses, induces antioxidant capacity of apoptosis, and limits the growth rate of C. goreaui. Adequate nitrogen nutrient can improve the resilience of this Symbiodiniaceae against heat stress through repressed apoptosis, promoted ion transport, and optimized metabolism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

SUMMARY: Anthocyanins are plant pigments with diverse biological functions that contribute to fruit quality and are beneficial to human health. Anthocyanin accumulation can be influenced by environmental signals, such as light, and plants have developed sophisticated systems to receive and transduce these signals. However, the associated molecular mechanisms are not well understood. In this study, we investigated the potential function of mitogen‐activated protein kinases, which are members of the light signaling pathway, during light‐induced anthocyanin accumulation in apple (Malus domestica) fruit peels. An antibody array and yeast two‐hybrid screen indicated that proteins encoded by two MdMPK4 genes are light‐activated and interact with the transcription factor and anthocyanin biosynthesis regulator MdMYB1. A phosphorylation assay showed that the MdMPK4 proteins phosphorylate MdMYB1, thereby increasing its stability under light conditions. Transient MdMPK4 and MdMYB1 overexpression assays further revealed that light‐induced anthocyanin accumulation relies on MdMPK4 kinase activity, which is required for maximum MdMYB1 activity. Based on the expression of the chromosome 6 allele MdMPK4‐06G under light conditions and the presence of light response elements in the MdMPK4‐06G promoter, we concluded that it is more responsive to light than the chromosome 14 allele MdMPK4‐14G. These results suggest a potential biotechnological strategy for increasing fruit anthocyanin content via light induction. Significance Statement: It is well established that MdMPK4 plays a vital role in various biological processes. In this study, we demonstrated that light treatment can activate MdMPK4, which phosphorylates MdMYB1, thereby stabilizing MdMYB1 and promoting its activity in the anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway in apple fruit peels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Postpartum depression (PPD) is a common mental disease happens in perinatal period. Ketamine as an anesthesia and analgesia drug has been used for a long time. In recent years, ketamine is proved to have an antidepression effect with a single administration. We hypothesized that intraoperative ketamine can reduce postpartum depressive symptoms after cesarean delivery. Methods: In a randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled study trail, healthy women scheduled for cesarean delivery were randomly assigned to receive intravenous ketamine (0.25 mg/kg diluted to 5 ml with 0.9% saline) or placebo (5 ml of 0.9% saline) within 5 min following clamping of the neonatal umbilical cord. The primary outcome was the degree of postpartum depressive symptoms, which was evaluated by Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS, a threshold of 9/10 was used) at 1 week, 2 weeks, and 1 month after delivery. The secondary outcome was the numerical rating scale (NRS) score of pain at 2 days postpartum. This trail is registered in the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry, number ChiCTR1900022464. Results: Between 26 January 2019 and 15 July 2019, 502 subjects were screened and 330 were randomly allocated: 165 (50%) to the ketamine group and 165 (50%) to the placebo group. There were significant differences in the degree of postpartum depressive symptoms between subjects in the ketamine group and the placebo group at 1 week postpartum (13.1% vs. 22.6%, respectively; p =.029). However, no difference was found between subjects in the two groups at 2 weeks (11.8% vs. 16.8%, respectively; p =.209) and 1 month postpartum (10.5% vs. 14.2%, respectively; p =.319). The NRS score of wound pain (3.0 ± 0.9 vs. 4.0 ± 1.0, respectively; p <.001) and uterine contraction pain (3.0 ± 0.9 vs. 4.1 ± 0.9, respectively; p <.001) was lower in the ketamine group at 2 days postpartum compared with placebo group. The prevalence of headache, hallucination, and dizziness was higher in the ketamine group than the placebo group during the operation. Conclusions: Operative intravenous ketamine (0.25 mg/kg) can reduce the postpartum depressive symptoms for 1 week. The long‐time effect is remained to be seen. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The present study aimed to determine the accuracy (Z‐value) of non‐invasive prenatal testing (NIPT) results for sex chromosome aneuploidy (SCA) in routine clinical practice. Methods: Among a cohort of 12505 pregnant females, maternal plasma samples collected from our hospital were utilized for SCA analysis by NIPT detection. The positive samples were validated through an invasive procedure and karyotyping analysis. The predictive value from positive samples in sex chromosomes was compared to analyze the accuracy of the Z‐value. Results: There were 65 females with sex chromosome abnormalities within 12,505 pregnant females in the NIPT detection, which was validated by karyotype analysis of amniotic fluid puncture through sequencing, as well as bioinformatics analysis, with 18 true‐positive samples. The true‐positive results with 45,X, 47,XXY, 47,XXX and 47,XYY karyotypes predicted by NIPT were 14.29%, 50.00%, 66.67% and 71.43%, respectively. Among sex chromosome cases, the findings indicated that positive NIPT results with Z ≥ 9 show a higher accuracy. Conclusions: The findings of the present study demonstrate that the positive predictive value of NIPT for sex chromosome abnormalities is distinctive. The positive predictive value was highest for 47,XYY and lowest for 45,X. Additionally, the Z‐value results are considered to be correlated with the accuracy of NIPT, although further studies need to be made. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Anthocyanin pigments contribute to the red color of apple (Malus × domestica) fruit and have a major influence on their ornamental, dietary and market value. In this study, we investigated the potential role of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in anthocyanin biosynthesis. RNA‐seq analysis of apple peels from the 'Red Fuji' cultivar during light‐induced rapid anthocyanin accumulation revealed 5297 putative lncRNAs. Differential expression analysis further showed that lncRNAs were induced during light treatment and were involved in photosynthesis. Using the miRNA−lncRNA−mRNA network and endogenous target mimic (eTM) analysis, we predicted that two differentially expressed lncRNAs, MLNC3.2 and MLNC4.6, were potential eTMs for miRNA156a and promoted the expression of the SPL2‐like and SPL33 transcription factors. Transient expression in apple fruit and stable transformation of apple callus showed that overexpression of the eTMs and SPLs promoted anthocyanin accumulation, with the opposite results in eTM and SPL‐silenced fruit. Silencing or overexpressing of miR156a also affected the expression of the identified eTMs and SPLs. These results indicated that MLNC3.2 and MLNC4.6 function as eTMs for miR156a and prevent cleavage of SPL2‐like and SPL33 by miR156a during light‐induced anthocyanin biosynthesis. Our study provides fundamental insights into lncRNA involvement in the anthocyanin biosynthetic pathway in apple fruit. Significance Statement: It is well established that lncRNAs play key roles in various biological processes. In this study, we demonstrated that lncRNAs participate in light‐induced anthocyanin biosynthesis by blocking transcriptional degradation by miR156a, of SPL2‐like and SPL33, thus promoting the expression of these two transcription factors and increasing anthocyanin accumulation in apple fruit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A highly thermally stable twistarene, namely 11,16‐di‐tert‐butyl‐9,18‐diphenylbenzo[kl]benzo[8,9]triphenyleno[2,3‐b]xanthene (BTX), has been synthesized via a simple reaction, and its structure was unambiguously determined by single crystal X‐ray analysis with a twisted angle of 37.9° between plane C1‐C2‐C4 and plane C16‐C17‐C24. More interestingly, molecule BTX could self‐assembly into nanowires and nanospheres via simple reprecipitation, which were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), UV‐vis absorption and emission spectra. The fabricated electroluminescent devices based on BTX as active ingredient presented a maximum brightness of 4355 cd m−2 (bias voltage at 9.0 V) with CIE coordinate of (0.14, 0.53). Bright twist: A pyran‐embedded arene was synthesized and possessed a twisted topological structure with a twist angle of 37.9°. This molecule could self‐assembly into nanowires and nanoparticles by tuning the solvent type and ratio. More interestingly, the optimized devices using it as emitter exhibited green electroluminescence with a maximum brightness of 4355 cd m−2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

LC3 is a key autophagy‐related protein involved in both autophagosome formation and autophagy cargo recruitment. Despite these functions being exerted by deacetylated LC3, this protein is more abundantly distributed in its acetylated form. Here, we reveal that the stability and cargo recognition ability of LC3 are highly dependent on its acetylation. Through detecting the diffusion rate of soluble LC3 by fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP), we found that nutrient‐state‐related acetylation inhibited LC3 complex formation. Acetylation blocked LC3's interaction with p62, the autophagic cargo receptor, preventing the mis‐targeting of p62 to nonautophagic LC3 and thus permitting the efficient degradation of autophagic cargoes. Acetylation also inhibited LC3 proteasome‐dependent degradation, thus maintaining LC3 as a long‐lived protein that could serve as a reserve. Altogether, acetylated LC3, the nonactivated form, is suitable for storage and avoids inopportune interactions with other proteins, assuring autophagic degradation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To realize the high reactivity of large acenes, doping heteroatoms into the skeleton of acene is an appealing strategy. Thus herein a novel annulated dioxin derivative containing thirteen six‐membered rings (DPyP) in one row has been synthesized and characterized. The resulting molecule presented maximum absorption and emission peaks at 611 nm and 655 nm in dichloromethane, respectively, and its decomposition temperature was stable up to 343 °C (5% weight loss). Furthermore, the organic light‐emitting diode fabricated with DPyP as an emitter exhibited a promising electroluminescent performance with the maximum red brightness of 301 cd m−2 with CIE of (0.71, 0.28). A novel annulated dioxin derivative containing thirteen six‐membered rings (DPyP) in one row has been synthesized and characterized. The resulting molecule presented maximum absorption and emission peaks at 611 nm and 655 nm in dichloromethane. The fabricated device with DPyP as an emitter exhibited a promising red electroluminescence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Acenes, usually defined as segments of "graphene", consist of linearly annulated benzene rings, and have attracted considerable interest in both theoretical research and practical applications. However, these compounds generally have undesirable features such as poor solubility, easy oxidation and photodimerization. Thus, scientists have to invest much effort to address these problems and experimentally achieve the desired electronic properties to meet various demands. Herein, we summarize recent progress in the synthesis of pyrene‐functionalized acenes and heteroacenes through the use of pyrene diketone and pyrene tetraketone building blocks. Moreover, the physical properties and applications of these semiconductors in organic semiconductor devices are also described. You′re creating a‐cene! Recent progress in synthetic efforts to access pyrene‐functionalized acenes and heteroacenes from pyrene diketone and pyrene tetraketone building blocks is reviewed. The favorable physical properties and applications of these materials in organic semiconductor devices are also described. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Zirconium alloys for biomedical applications are receiving increasing attention due to their two unique properties: 1) the formation of an intrinsic bone‐like apatite layer on their surfaces in body environments, and 2) better compatibility with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) diagnostics due to their low magnetic susceptibility, as well as their overall excellent biocompatibility, mechanical properties, and bio‐corrosion resistance. In particular, since both of the MRI quality and speed depend on magnetic field strength, there is a compelling drive for use of high magnetic field strength (>3 Tesla) MRI systems. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the characteristics of commercially pure (CP) Zr and Zr‐based alloys as orthopaedic and dental implant materials. These include their 1) phase transformations; 2) unique properties including corrosion resistance, biocompatibility, magnetic susceptibility, shape memory effect, and super‐elasticity; 3) mechanical properties; 4) current orthopaedic and dental applications; and 5) the d‐electron theory for Zr alloy design and novel Zr‐alloys. The mechanical properties of Zr‐based bulk metallic glasses (BMGs) and their application as implant materials are also assessed. Future directions for extending the use of Zr‐alloys as orthopaedic and dental implants are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Doping heteroatoms into the skeletons of parent acenes can provide more opportunities to construct novel thermally and photostable organic π‐conjugated semiconductors. Herein, a family of diazole‐decorated acenes (APyS and APySe) and azaacenes (PyP, PyTh, PyPy, PyPh, and PyAP) have been successfully synthesized through the classical reactions. Single‐crystal X‐ray analyses showed that these as‐formed diazole‐modified derivatives adopted a twisted topology configuration, whereas the azaacenes display reclining‐chair architectures, besides a twisted structure. All these compounds displayed yellow or red light in solution. Moreover, their electrochemical behaviors were also examined. We also found that the azaacenes exhibited a positive spectroscopic response to acid. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Neonatal hypoxic–ischemic (HI) brain damage causes acute mortality and morbidity in newborns and long-term neurological disorders in the survivors. Pterostilbene (PTE) is a natural compound possessing various biological and pharmacological activities. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the effect of PTE on neonatal HI brain damagein P7 rat model and to explore the possible mechanisms. Neonatal HI brain damage was induced in rat pups (P7). Prior to the induction of HI injury, PTE was injected with or without zinc protoporphyrin IX (ZnPP), an inhibitor of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1). ZnPP was used to test whether abnormal changes of HO-1 expression were involved in the effect of PTE. The results showed that PTE exhibited excellent neuroprotective effects against neonatal HI brain injury, as evidenced by the decrease of brain infarct volume, brain edema, neurological score, and improvement in motor coordination motor deficit and working memory deficit. PTE pretreatment decreased the expression of several proinflammatory cytokines, including TNFα, IL-1β, IL-6, and key transcription factor p65 NF-κB, and reduced the number of TUNEL-stained neurons, indicating the inhibition of inflammation and programmed cell death. Moreover, PTE pretreatment decreased thiobarbituric acid reactive substances content, increased superoxide dismutase activity and decreased reactive oxygen species level, indicating that PTE played an important antioxidant role. Furthermore, ZnPP was able to inhibit PTE-induced suppression of oxidative stress, programmed cell death, inflammation and brain damage. In conclusion, PTE pretreatment prevented HI-induced brain injury in newborns through HO-1-mediated reduction of oxidative stress, programmed cell death, and inflammation, and final improvement of histological and functional injury. Overall, the data that obtained in rat model provide novel insights into the pathogenesis of neonatal HI brain injury and may be translational to human clinical intervention for HI-associated brain injury in newborns. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The ever-red leaf trait, which is important for breeding ornamental and higher anthocyanin plants, rarely appears in Malus families, but little is known about the regulation of anthocyanin biosynthesis involved in the red leaves. In our study, HPLC analysis showed that the anthocyanin concentration in ever-red leaves, especially cyanidin, was significantly higher than that in evergreen leaves. The transcript level of Mc MYB10 was significantly correlated with anthocyanin synthesis between the 'Royalty' and evergreen leaf 'Flame' cultivars during leaf development. We also found the ever-red leaf colour cultivar 'Royalty' contained the known R 6 : Mc MYB10 sequence, but was not in the evergreen leaf colour cultivar 'Flame', which have been reported in apple fruit. The distinction in promoter region maybe is the main reason why higher expression level of Mc MYB10 in red foliage crabapple cultivar. Furthermore, Mc MYB10 promoted anthocyanin biosynthesis in crabapple leaves and callus at low temperatures and during long-day treatments. Both heterologous expression in tobacco ( Nicotiana tabacum) and Arabidopsis pap1 mutant, and homologous expression in crabapple and apple suggested that Mc MYB10 could promote anthocyanins synthesis and enhanced anthocyanin accumulation in plants. Interestingly, electrophoretic mobility shift assays, coupled with yeast one-hybrid analysis, revealed that Mc MYB10 positively regulates McF3′H via directly binding to AACCTAAC and TATCCAACC motifs in the promoter. To sum up, our results demonstrated that Mc MYB10 plays an important role in ever-red leaf coloration, by positively regulating McF3′H in crabapple. Therefore, our work provides new perspectives for ornamental fruit tree breeding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A bstract Background: To compare the clinical outcomes in Marfan's with subluxated lens having phaco-emulsification with simultaneous scleral-fixated posterior chamber intraocular lens or iris-fixated anterior chamber intraocular lens implantation. Design: Randomized case series in the State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China. Participants: Seventy-one eyes of 49 patients with Marfan syndrome with subluxated lens. Methods: This is a randomized case series of patients with Marfan syndrome and subluxated lenses who underwent phaco-emulsification combined with scleral-fixated posterior chamber intraocular lens or iris-fixated anterior chamber intraocular lens implantation. Main Outcome Measures: The evaluation indexes included the surgery time, best corrected visual acuity, intraocular pressure, aqueous flare and cells counts, corneal endothelium counts and complications. Results: Increase in best corrected visual acuity in both groups was not significant. The aqueous flare and cells rose in both groups postoperatively. Significant difference between the two groups at 1 week postoperatively was found, whereas no statistically significant difference was found later. The loss rate of corneal endothelium cells in the scleral-fixated posterior chamber intraocular lens group was 13.2% and 19.5% at 3 months and 1 year postoperatively, which in the iris-fixated anterior chamber intraocular lens group was 13.3% and 19.3% ( P > 0.05). Prolapse of vitreous was found in 21 cases intraoperatively. The posterior capsule opacification rate was 32% and 15%, respectively. The decentration of the intraocular lens was found in 19 eyes (48.7%) in the scleral-fixated posterior chamber intraocular lens group 1 year postoperatively, whereas none was found in the iris-fixated anterior chamber intraocular lens group. Conclusions: Iris-fixated anterior chamber intraocular lens after phaco-emulsification presented a safe, simple and efficient approach for managing subluxated lens in Marfan syndrome. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Titanium metal matrix composites (TiMMCs) offer much improved strength, elastic modulus, and wear resistance at both room and elevated temperatures but often at the expense of tensile ductility, which excludes them from most key engineering applications. Recent advances show that this long‐standing strength‐ductility dilemma can be controlled to a large extent by adopting novel design concepts based on powder metallurgy (PM). These include: 1) reinforcing the Ti matrix with a three‐dimensional (3D) network‐like architecture of TiB whiskers or nanowires; 2) the use of nanostructured carbon precursors (nanotubes, fibers, and graphene) to enable in situ formation of TiC reinforcements; and 3) the exploitation of "ductility‐detrimental" interstitial elements (O, N, H) for strengthening. On a laboratory scale, the fabricated TiMMCs all exhibit an excellent combination of tensile strength and elongation, comparable to, or even better than, solution‐treated and aged (STA) wrought Ti–6Al–4V. The mechanisms behind these novel developments are analyzed. New insights into the design and fabrication of stronger and more ductile (tensile) TiMMCs are offered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Although type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) shortens life expectancy by 10-12 years, some patients survive extremely long durations of diabetes. The clinical characteristics of Chinese patients with >40 years T2DM remain unknown. Thus, the aim of the present study was to document the clinical profile of patients with T2DM for ≥40 years. Methods The present study evaluated 157 survivors with >40 years T2DM from a total of 582 773 patients with T2DM enrolled in a Chinese national survey of HbA1c. Two matched case-control studies were performed on long T2DM survivors (cases) separately matched according to: (1) survey day, sex, and survey hospital; and (2) age, sex, and survey hospital. Conditional logistic regression analysis was performed to obtain odds ratios (ORs) for long survival. Results Patients with a long duration of T2DM had a mean (± SD) age of 75 ± 10 years. Their T2DM had been diagnosed at a mean age of 32 years and the median duration of diabetes was 41 years. In both case-control studies, long-duration T2DM was associated with an increased risk of hyperglycemia (OR 6.31; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.89-21.09) and coronary heart disease (CHD; OR 2.18 95% CI 1.01-4.70). However, long-duration T2DM was not associated with a higher likelihood of abnormal lipids, diabetic nephropathy (DN), or stroke compared with patients with a shorter duration of T2DM. Conclusions The present study suggests that Chinese patients with long-term T2DM also had increased risks of hyperglycemia and non-fatal CHD. Further studies are needed to investigate whether survival of these patients was associated with non-increased risk of DN. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]