Search

Aims The aim of the analysis was to assess the prevalence of diabetes and impaired fasting glucose in Poland. Methods A questionnaire survey on a representative sample of 2411 Polish adults, complemented by blood pressure, anthropometric and fasting plasma glucose measurements. The research was part of the national cross-sectional NATPOL 2011 Study. Diabetes was assessed as self-reported (diagnosed) or screened (fasting plasma glucose level ≥ 7 mmol/l, based on one blood draw). Results Total prevalence of diabetes in 2011 was 6.7% (95% CI 5.6-7.9); 6.4% (95% CI 5.0-8.0) in women and 7.0% (95% CI 5.4-8.8) in men and did not change from 2002 (6.8%, 95% CI 95% CI 5.8-7.9). Over one quarter of individuals with diabetes were not aware of having the condition. Obesity, arterial hypertension and male gender were strong predictors of screened diabetes. Total prevalence of impaired fasting glucose in the surveyed population was 15.6% (95% CI 14.0-17.2). Conclusions The prevalence of diabetes in Poland is similar to that observed in other European populations and has not changed over the last decade. The fact that every fourth person with diabetes is unaware of the disease creates important opportunities for screening and detection of the disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Aim To assess the determinants and prevalence of hyperlipidaemia in Type 1 diabetic patients in the EURODIAB IDDM Complications Study. Methods Standardized questionnaire data were obtained and anthropometric and biochemical measurements performed on 3159 Type 1 diabetic patients, randomly selected from 31 diabetes clinics. Plasma lipid levels were determined centrally, using enzymatic methods Results Plasma total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and HDL subfractions were higher in women than in men, while plasma triglycerides were higher in men (P < 0.001). Total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and HDL-C and HDL-C subfractions were, as expected, significantly associated with age and HbA1c in both sexes. Age and HbA1c adjusted values of triglyceride, total cholesterol, LDL-C, HDL-C and HDL3-C in men and triglyceride and HDL2-C in women showed significant associations with central obesity, measured as the waist to hip ratio (WHR). Current smokers had lipid profiles characteristic of insulin resistance in comparison to nonsmokers. Significant positive associations were observed between hypertension and plasma triglycerides, total cholesterol and LDL-C in men and women. In men, degree of physical activity was negatively associated with triglyceride and positively related to HDL-C and HDL3-C. The prevalence of LDL-hypercholesterolaemia (LDL-C > 3.35 mmol/L) was 45% in men and in women, while plasma triglyceride levels > 1.7 mmol/L were observed in 12% of men and 8% of women. Conclusion The results of this study indicate that lipid levels in Type 1 diabetic patients are strongly influenced by smoking habit and central obesity in a way that is characteristic of the insulin resistance syndrome. Diabet. Med. 18, 786–796 (2001). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Carboxylated osteocalcin (Gla-OC) participates in bone remodeling, whereas the undercarboxylated form (Glu-OC) takes part in energy metabolism. This study was undertaken to compare the blood levels of Glu-OC and Gla-OC in nonobese, healthy obese, and prediabetic volunteers and correlate it with the metabolic markers of insulin resistance and early markers of inflammation., Methods: Nonobese (body mass index [BMI] <30 kg/m 2 ; n = 34) and obese subjects (30 2 ; n = 98), both sexes, aged 25 to 65 years, were divided into healthy control, normal weight subjects, healthy obese, and obese with biochemical markers of prediabetes. The subgroups with obesity and low or high Gla-OC or Glu-OC were also considered for statistical analysis. After 2 weeks of diet standardization, venous blood was sampled for the determination of Gla-OC, Glu-OC, lipid profile, parameters of inflammation (hsCRP, interleukin 6, sE-selectin, sPECAM-1, and monocyte chemoattractant protein 1), and adipokines (leptin, adiponectin, visfatin, and resistin)., Results: Gla-OC in obese patients was significantly lower compared to nonobese ones (11.36 ± 0.39 vs 12.69 ± 0.90 ng/mL, P = .048) and weakly correlated with hsCRP (r = -0.18, P = .042), visfatin concentration (r = -0.19, P = .033), and BMI (r = -0.17, P = .047). Glu-OC was negatively associated with fasting insulin levels (r = -0.18, P = .049) and reduced in prediabetic individuals compared with healthy obese volunteers (3.04 ± 0.28 vs 4.48 ± 0.57, P = .025)., Conclusions: Decreased blood concentration of Glu-OC may be a selective early symptom of insulin resistance in obesity, whereas the decreased level of Gla-OC seems to be associated with the appearance of early markers of low grade inflammation accompanying obesity., (© 2016 The Authors. Diabetes/Metabolism Research and Reviews Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)