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Abstract: Conceptual optimisation of smoke extraction in atria Due to their special geometric conditions, requirements for flexible and broadly based user‐concepts, as well as often limited possibilities for sprinkler protection, atria create special challenges for performance‐based conception of smoke extraction. Especially in buildings with evacuation concepts using such atriazones, where deviations from building regulations already exist, or where the use of atria as functional or common areas is planned, special concepts will be required to ensure that all given target criteria can be fulfilled. This can be achieved by using methods and tools of fire protection engineering, and furthermore allows for a technically optimised smoke extraction concept. The following article describes challenges of smoke extraction of atria, identifies the main influencing parameters and shows possible solutions to reach the set target criteria. The solutions consider a project structure divided into several phases and an associated iterative conception. Starting with the clarification and definition of conceptual principles, on to simple plume‐calculations and finally using smoke extraction concepts for complex geometries using CFD calculations, the appropriate process is outlined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tragende Bauteile mehrgeschossiger, oberirdischer Parkgaragen mit Einstufung als offene Garagen können bei beschränkter Größe im Grundriss und ausreichender Querbelüftung nichtbrennbar ausgeführt werden (Feuerwiderstandsklasse R0‐A). Abhängig von der Art der Fassadenkonstruktion ist die Sicherstellung einer ausreichenden Ventilation rechnerisch oder experimentell nachzuweisen. Liegen bei Parkgaragen besondere, baurechtlich maßgebende Randbedingungen vor, z. B. bei Parkebenen auf Einkaufszentren oder bei Teilnutzung als Versammlungsstätte, resultieren Anforderungen an den baulichen Brandschutz. Mithilfe von Brandsimulationsberechnungen auf Naturbrandbasis können die Bauteilanforderungen auch für die Stahl‐/Verbundbauweise wirtschaftlich beherrschbar umgesetzt werden. Fire protection in parking garages Load‐bearing elements of multi‐storey, above‐ground parking garages, classified as open garages, can be executed non‐combustible (fire resistance class R0‐A), if the floor area is limited and if cross ventilation is sufficient. Depending on the type of façade structure a sufficient ventilation has to be proved numerically or experimentally. Requirements for structural fire protection may result, if there are special regulations in the building legislation for e. g. parking levels on top of shopping malls or for shared space with assembly rooms. The requirements for structural members can be managed economically with the help of fire simulation calculations based on natural fire, even for steel‐/composite structures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]