Search

ABSTRACT This paper presents a detailed spatio‐temporal analysis of the rainfall in the state of Pernambuco, Northeast Brazil. It is based on climate indices for extreme precipitation recommended by the Expert Team on Climate Change Detection, Monitoring and Indices. To accomplish this, daily rainfall 1data (1961–2019) were extracted from 809 high‐resolution grid points (0.1° × 0.1°) using the Brazilian Daily Weather Gridded Data (BR‐DWGD). The significance and magnitude of index trends were assessed using the modified Mann–Kendall and Sen's slope tests. This study also examined whether there existed a significant difference in climate indices among the three regions (Sertão, Agreste and Zona da Mata) within the state. The findings revealed notable significant negative trends in the PRCPTOT, R10mm, R20mm, Rx1day, Rx5day and CWD indices across all regions of Pernambuco, exhibiting a gradient from the coast to the state's interior. Reduction values of up to 15 mm year−1 for PRCPTOT, 0.7 day year−1 for R10mm, 0.2 day year−1 for R20mm, 0.01 mm year−1 for Rx1day, 0.03 mm year−1 for Rx5day, 0.4 day year−1 for CWD were observed. Furthermore, an alarming pattern was also noted for CDD, displaying a higher concentration of significant positive trends in all regions of the state, with estimated increases of up to 1.4 day year−1. Conversely, a balance of trends—both positive and negative—was observed across the entire state for R95p and R99p, with a majority of trends proving non‐significant. SDII exhibited a higher frequency of grid points showing a significant positive trend, particularly notable in the Sertão and Zona da Mata regions, where significant differences in the index values were absent. However, the remaining indices showcased notable regional differences, with values decreasing from the east to the west of the state, except for CDD. This study will assist decision makers, providing detailed long‐term information essential for preventing natural disasters and supporting socioeconomic and environmental policies in the state. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Self‐powered near‐infrared (NIR) photodetectors are essential for surveillance systems, sensing in IoT electronics, facial recognition, health monitoring, optical communication networks, night vision, and biomedical imaging. However, silicon commercial detectors need external power to operate and cooling to suppress large dark currents. This work demonstrates a new class of CMOS‐compatible self‐powered NIR photodetector based on ferroelectric 5‐nm thick ZrO2 films which do not require cooling and therefore have two key advantages over Si, and at the same time have comparable performance metrics. At room‐temperature, under 940 nm wavelength illumination (1.4 mW cm−2 power density, 10 Hz repetition rate), and without any power applied, fast rise and fall times of ≈2 and 4 µs, respectively, are achieved in Al/Si/SiOx/ZrO2/ITO devices, along with responsivity, detectivity and sensitivity values of up to ≈3.4 A W−1, 1.2 × 1010 Jones and 4.2 × 103, respectively, far exceeding all other emerging self‐powered systems. Furthermore, dual‐band NIR detection is shown for different NIR wavelengths, proof‐of‐concept feasibility being demonstrated for the smart identification of NIR targets. Therefore, it is demonstrated, for the first time, that coupling together the pyroelectric effect, the photovoltaic effect, and the ferroelectric effect is a novel method to significantly enhance the performance of CMOS‐compatible ZrO2‐based self‐powered photodetectors in the NIR region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Niche and dispersal‐based processes govern freshwater communities, such as aquatic insects, shaping their distribution and establishment in the environment. So, we aimed to address the relative influence of niche and dispersal‐based processes on Odonata diversity in Amazonian freshwater systems, and the influence of species dispersal functional traits on their longitudinal and latitudinal ranges.We used the Dispersal‐Niche Continuum Index (DNCI) to test (i) regions more distant would present a prevalence of dispersal‐based processes, and (ii) different patterns would come from the two Odonata suborders; and by applying generalised linear models, we tested (iii) dispersal‐related functional traits from the suborders would influence latitudinal and longitudinal midpoints of the species.We found that more distant regions had lower values of pairwise Dispersal–Niche Continuum, mainly for Zygoptera, corroborating our first hypothesis. Moreover, Zygoptera also presented the lowest absolute values of Dispersal–Niche Continuum and Anisoptera presented a joint influence of niche and dispersal‐based processes, agreeing with our second hypothesis. Only Zygoptera presented a significant association between dispersal functional traits and longitudinal midpoints, corroborating our third hypothesis.Our results indicated a prevalence of dispersal‐related processes for Zygoptera, which can be explained by massive geographical barriers, such as the rivers, and their narrow physiological and ecological tolerance. Moreover, dispersal‐related traits demonstrated significant influence on longitudinal midpoints of Zygoptera, a scenario that the presence of the rivers may explain. A better understanding of the prevalent predictors of the species and how their dispersal ability governs their distribution has conservational implications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Imidazole is one of the most important heterocyclic rings. This nucleus can be found in a plethora of substances in different knowledge areas such as medicinal, agrochemical, polymer, and dyestuff. N‐alkylation reactions involving N − 1 atom is a remarkable tool to synthesize many imidazole derivatives which can be attached to a great variety of functional groups. In this work, we synthesized 10 new intermediates 4‐chlorobutyl 1‐aryl‐1H‐pyrazole‐4‐carboxylates 3(a–j) from 1‐aryl‐1H‐pyrazole‐4‐carbonyl chlorides, obtained from 1‐aryl‐1H‐pyrazole‐4‐carboxylic acids 4(a–j), and 4‐chlorobutan‐1‐ol 1, generated by THF ring‐opening promoted by hydrochloric acid. Compounds 3(a–j) promoted N‐alkylation of 4(5)‐nitro‐1H‐imidazole to afford the targets 4‐(4‐nitro‐1H‐imidazol‐1‐yl)butyl 1‐aryl‐1H‐pyrazole‐4‐carboxylates 2(a–j) in 18%–85% yields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rare plant and vertebrate species have been documented to contribute disproportionately to the total morphological structure of species assemblages. These species often possess morphologically extreme traits and occupy the boundaries of morphological space. As rare species are at greater risk of extinction than more widely distributed species, human‐induced disturbances can strongly affect ecosystem functions related to assemblage morphology. Here, we assess to what extent the distributions of ant morphological traits are supported by morphologically extreme species and how they are distributed among habitats in a global biodiversity hotspot, the Brazilian Amazon. We used a morphological database comprising 15 continuous morphological traits and 977 expert‐validated ant species distributed across the Brazilian Amazon. We produced species range estimates using species distribution models or alpha hulls (when few records were available). Next, we conducted a principal components analysis to combine traits into a space with reduced dimensionality (morphospace). Then, we identified morphologically extreme species in this space and quantified their contributions to morphological diversity across different habitat types in the Brazilian Amazon Basin. We identified 114 morphologically extreme ant species across the Amazon ant morphospace. These species also accounted for a large percentage of morphospace filling, exceeding 99% representation in the most disturbed habitats in the Amazon. Our results suggest that a few morphologically extreme species capture most of the variation in ant morphology and, therefore, the spectrum of ecosystem functions performed by ants in the Brazilian Amazon Basin. Further, unlike in many other groups, these extreme morphologies were represented by the set of most common species. These results suggest greater functional redundancy and resilience in Brazilian Amazon ants, but more broadly, they contribute to our understanding of ecological processes that sustain ecosystem functions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To investigate the influence of different denture‐bearing conditions on the masticatory function and patient‐reported outcome measures (PROMs) of complete denture wearers. Methods: Sixty edentulous patients were selected and allocated into two groups according to the American College of Prosthodontics' (ACP) classification: non‐atrophic (NAT) (Classes I and II) (n = 24) and atrophic (AT) (Classes III and IV) (n = 36). All patients received new complete dentures (CDs). The objective variables (masticatory performance and swallowing threshold) were assessed as well as the PROMs (oral health‐related quality of life (OHIP‐EDENT), patient satisfaction) and quality of the prosthesis, at baseline (using the old CD) and after 4 months new prostheses use. Data were analyzed by Mann–Whitney test followed by the Generalized Equations Estimation (GEE), linear regression and Chi‐square test. Results: Higher masticatory performance was observed in the NAT group (p <.05) for both time points, baseline and after 4 months. However, compared to baseline, both groups showed significant masticatory improvement after 4 months (p <.05). Satisfaction and overall quality of life improved after 4 months with no difference between groups (p >.05). Regarding the quality of the CD, baseline results were significantly (p <.05) lower in the AT group, but after 4 months, no significant differences were found between groups and in intragroup analysis (p >.05). Conclusions: The denture‐bearing conditions seems to impact masticatory function, but the PROMs are barely affected. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Milk proteins are known for their exceptional nutritional and technological attributes, making them a staple in the food industry. Nonetheless, the partial substitution of milk proteins with plant‐based proteins in dairy products may be an effective strategy to meet the increasing consumer demand for a reduction in the consumption of animal‐derived proteins. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of partial substitution (25% and 50%) of milk proteins with pea protein on the manufacturing and technological attributes of high‐protein yogurt during refrigerated storage. The replacement of up to 50% of the milk proteins with pea protein did not alter the fermentation time and all yogurts had a total lactic acid bacteria count greater than 107 CFU g−1 after manufacturing. However, replacing 50% of milk proteins with pea protein affected the pH, syneresis, water holding capacity, consistency, firmness, viscosity index, and cohesiveness of the yogurts. In turn, no effect was observed on the pH, syneresis, water holding capacity, firmness, and cohesiveness of the product after replacing 25% of the dairy base with pea protein (P >0.05). Hence, the findings indicate that substituting 25% of the milk protein with pea protein in high‐protein yogurts can be achieved without compromising the product's stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work investigates the impact of temperature on the fatigue life All Aluminum Alloy Conductors (AAAC) made of 6201‐T81. A heating chamber was developed to simulate thermal effects induced by electric current passage. Wöhler fatigue curves were generated under isothermal conditions at 75 and 150°C and later compared with the one at 20°C. The conductor exhibited similar fatigue life at 20 and 75°C; however, a significant increase of life was observed for tests at 150°C. Hardness tests and failure analysis of wire breakages were carried out on samples extracted from the conductor coil and on artificially aged samples maintained at controlled temperatures. The analyses revealed that at a temperature of 150°C, there is formation of small precipitates of magnesium and silicon within the aluminum matrix, which impeded the propagation of discontinuities, increasing the material's hardness and fatigue resistance. Highlights: The designed heating chamber simulates thermal effects during fatigue tests on conductors.S‐N curves at 20, 75, and 150°C reveal enhanced conductor life at higher temps.Failure analysis present similar patterns across all temperature fatigue failures.Samples' hardness on conductor wires shows a temperature‐induced mechanical changes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work aims to allocate coffee grounds waste to the production of biochar from pyrolysis under different temperatures (350 °C and 500 °C), to add value to it. The resulting materials were characterized by immediate, elemental, thermogravimetric analysis, SEM, FT‐IR, XRD and Raman spectroscopy. Additionally, the need to activate the biochar produced for the desired use was evaluated. The obtained biochars were applied in electroanalysis in the manufacture of modified carbon paste electrodes. This choice was made due to the possibility of reaching a high sensitivity towards the determination of Cu2+ ions. The differential pulse adsorptive anodic stripping voltammetry technique was applied to perform the Cu2+ determination and, in this case, several parameters were optimized, including biochar' percentage, pH of pre‐accumulation step and reduction/stripping step, pre‐accumulation time, potential and time of reduction of adsorbed‐Cu2+. From this, the proposed modified electrode showed a linear voltammetric response towards Cu2+ in the range of 66.1 to 3997.3 ppb, with a limit of detection of 31.8 ppb, in addition to having been satisfactorily applied in the analysis of water samples (recoveries close to 100 %). Thus, demonstrating the potential for reuse of discarded coffee grounds for the preparation of activated biochar with outstanding electrochemical performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Snakebites inflict significant injuries on humans and animals, posing a severe global public health challenge due to high mortality and morbidity rates. This study presents results against the venoms of Bothrops jararaca and Bothrops neuwiedi using sixteen synthetic hybrid molecules containing thiophene and triazoles, designated as 6a–h and 7a–h. The compounds were assessed for their ability to inhibit proteolytic and plasma coagulant activities induced by the snake venoms, and their toxicity was analyzed. Most derivatives demonstrated nontoxicity through in silico analysis with the Osiris Property Explorer tool and in vitro cytotoxic hemocompatibility on red blood cells. Notably, only derivative 6e exhibited toxicity to erythrocytes, while 6b, 6d, 7c, and 7f displayed mutagenic, tumorigenic, or adverse effects on the reproductive system. Derivatives 6a, 6c–h, 7c–e, 7g, or 7h effectively inhibited the coagulating activity of B. jararaca venom, while 6a–b, 6d–e, 6h, or 7a–f inhibited coagulation induced by B. neuwiedi venom. All derivatives demonstrated inhibition of the proteolytic activity caused by B. jararaca venom, and derivatives 6a–d and 7e–f inhibited the activity of B. neuwiedi venom. Consequently, these derivatives exhibited varying degrees of efficacy in countering two crucial toxic effects of B. jararaca or B. neuwiedi venoms, suggesting their potential as antivenoms against both species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BODIPYs have a well‐established role in biological sciences as chemosensors and versatile biological markers due to their chemical reactivity, which allows for fine‐tuning of their photophysical characteristics. In this work, we combined the unique reactivity of arylazo sulfones with the advantages of a "sunflow" reactor to develop a fast, efficient, and versatile method for the photochemical arylation of BODIPYs and other chromophores. This approach resulted in red‐shifted emitting fluorophores due to extended electronic delocalization at the 3‐ and 5‐positions of the BODIPY core. This method represents an advantageous approach for BODIPY functionalization compared to existing strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present aims to evaluate the effect of adding Zn (0.5% and 9.0% in wt%) on phase transformation temperatures, microstructure coarsening, solidification parameters (cooling rate‐T˙$T_{\over{.}}$L and growth rate‐VL), macrosegregation, and mechanical properties of directionally solidified Sn‐34wt%Bi‐xZn alloys. The samples have been characterized by optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, X‐ray fluorescence, and X‐ray diffraction, in addition to Vickers microhardness and tensile tests. The CALPHAD method has been used for thermodynamic computations via Thermo‐calc software, in order to obtain thermodynamic data. The microstructure of Sn–Bi–Zn alloys is mainly dendritic, composed of a Sn‐rich matrix (β‐Sn) with Bi precipitates inside and surrounded by a Sn+Bi eutectic mixture of phases, predominantly observed at the coarse scale. Coarse Zn needles are also observed in the Sn‐34wt%Bi‐9wt%Zn alloy due to the high Zn content. On the whole, Zn provoked a coarsening of the dendritic arrangement. Moreover, Zn additions cause inverse segregation of Bi, as compared to the rather constant macrosegregation profile observed in the binary Sn–Bi alloy. On the whole, both additions of Zn (0.5 and 9.0) promoted increase in Vickers microhardness, yield strength (σY), and ultimate tensile strength (σu), however, causing an overall reduction in elongation‐to‐fracture (δ). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Despite advancements in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), the mechanisms underlying BPH development and progression remain elusive and lacks a one‐size‐fits‐all therapeutic solution. Prostatic inflammation contributes to BPH and lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS), but the initial trigger remains unknown. Current research suggests dysbiosis of the urinary microbiome as a potential culprit. This systematic review explores the emerging field of the male urinary and prostatic microbiome and its relationship with BPH/LUTS. Methods: The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses guidelines were followed. A systematic search in the Pubmed and Scopus databases was performed using specific terms. Inclusion criteria considered male non‐neurogenic patients with LUTS due to BPH with analyses of urinary microbiome, concerning evaluation of English‐language publications with relevance. Results: Among seven articles involving 542 patients, there was an association between male LUTS/BPH and the urinary microbiome. Findings indicate a correlation between urinary microbiome dysbiosis and LUTS severity, with specific bacterial genera such as Streptococcus and Haemophilus linked to higher International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) scores and PSA levels. The fecal microbiome may be associated with LUTS, although contradictory findings are reported. The review also highlights methodological inconsistencies, small sample sizes, few negative controls and a lack of comprehensive clinical data as major limitations. Conclusions: While there is an undeniable correlation between the microbiome and LUTS/BPH, future research should aim to standardize sampling techniques and expand the score to include functional microbiome characterization, potentially leading to novel, microbiome‐targeted therapeutic strategies for BPH. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pyriproxyfen (PPF) is an insecticide used in agriculture, which is approved for use in drinking water tanks for human consumption. However, some studies indicate that it may act as an endocrine disruptor and affect nontarget organisms. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of PPF on reproduction and general health status in female mice exposed from pre‐puberty to adulthood. In the first experiment, females were treated by gavage from postnatal day (PND) 23 to (PND) 75 and were distributed into three experimental groups: control (vehicle), PPF 0.1 mg/kg, and PPF 1 mg/kg. Female mice were assessed for the age of puberty onset, body mass, water and food consumption, and the estrous cycle. On PDN 75, a subgroup was euthanized, when vital and reproductive organs were collected and weighed. The thyroid, ovary, and uterus were evaluated for histomorphometry. The other subgroup was assessed in relation to reproductive performance and fetal parameters. In a second experiment, the uterotrophic assay was performed with juvenile females (PND 18) using doses of 0.01, 0.1, or 1 mg/kg of PPF. PPF treatment reduced thyroid mass and increased liver mass. Furthermore, there was an increase in ovarian interstitial tissue and, in the uterus, a decrease in the thickness of the endometrial stroma with reduced content of collagen fibers. There was also a reduction of 30% in pregnancy rate in the treated groups and an increase in the frequency of fetal death. This study suggests that, based on this experimental model, the insecticide may pose a reproductive risk for females chronically exposed to the substance from the pre‐pubertal period until adulthood. These results raise concerns about prolonged exposure of women to the same compound. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The beef cattle industry has experienced a shift driven by a market demand for healthier meat, cost efficiency and environmental sustainability in recent years. Consequently, there has been a growing focus on the fatty acids content and functions of meat in cattle breeding programmes. Besides, a deeper understanding of the biological mechanisms influencing the expression of different phenotypes related to fatty acid profiles is crucial. In this study, we aimed to identify Single‐Nucleotide Variants (SNV) and Insertion/Deletion (InDels) DNA variants in candidate genes related to fatty acid profiles described in genomic, transcriptomic and proteomic studies conducted in beef cattle breeds. Utilizing whole‐genome re‐sequencing data from Brazilian locally adapted bovine breeds, namely Caracu and Pantaneiro, we identified SNVs and InDels associated with 23,947 genes. From these, we identified 318 candidate genes related to fatty acid profiles that contain variants. Subsequently, we select only genes with SNVs and InDels in their promoter, 5′ UTR and coding region. Through the gene–biological process network, approximately 19 genes were highlighted. Furthermore, considering the studied trait and a literature review, we selected the main transcription factors (TF). Functional analysis via gene–TF network allowed us to identify the 30 most likely candidate genes for meat fatty acid profile in cattle. LIPE, MFSD2A and SREBF1 genes were highlighted in networks due to their biological importance. Further dissection of these genes revealed 15 new variants found in promoter regions of Caracu and Pantaneiro sequences. The gene networks facilitated a better functional understanding of genes and TF, enabling the identification of variants potentially related to the expression of candidate genes for meat fatty acid profiles in cattle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to perform in vitro antiparasitic and antimicrobial tests with the essential oil (EO) of Schinus terebinthifolius against of fish and shrimp. The chemical composition of the EO of S. terebinthifolius was determined by gas chromatography. For the antiparasitic test, the protozoan Epistylis sp. obtained from parasitized Oreochromis niloticus was used, and exposed to different concentrations of EO (2%, 1%, 0.5%, 0.25%), and control with 1% grain alcohol. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) test with EO of S. terebinthifolius evaluated the antimicrobial potential, with serial dilutions starting at 2% and control with 1% grain alcohol, using the strains of Aeromonas hydrophila (2.2 × 108 CFU mL−1), Edwardsiella tarda, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, V. harveyi, and V. alginolyticus (2.0 × 108 CFU mL−1). Chemical analysis revealed that the major EO compounds of S. terebinthifolius were δ‐3‐Carene (56.00%) and α‐Pinene (16.89%). In the antiparasitic test, the concentration of 2% EO showed 100% efficacy against Epistylis sp. within 5 min. In the antimicrobial tests, the concentration of 2% EO was effective against all bacteria tested. The EO of S. terebinthifolius demonstrated antiparasitic and antimicrobial activity at a concentration of 2%, standing out as an alternative to conventional antibiotics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigated the in vitro antimicrobial and anthelmintic effect of copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) against the bacterium Aeromonas hydrophila, the monogeneans Dactylogyrus minutus, Dactylogyrus extensus, Gyrodactylus cyprini, and the cestode Schyzocotyle acheilognathi, as well as their toxicity to Cyprinus carpio Koi. In the antimicrobial in vitro test, the inhibition zone method and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) were performed. In order to determine the time and efficacy of monogenean parasite mortality, the parasites were exposed to CuNP concentrations of 20, 50, 100, 150, 200, and 300 mg L−1, and a control group with tank water and one with copper sulphate pentahydrate (CuSO4.5H2O) at a concentration of 0.3 mg L−1, performed in triplicate. The parasites were observed every 10 min for 300 min, and mortality was recorded. For the cestodes, parasites were immersed in CuNP concentrations of 50, 100, 150, and 300 mg L−1. At the end of the in vitro tests, the anthelmintic efficacy of each treatment was calculated. To assess the tolerance and toxicity in fish, they were exposed to CuNP concentrations of 0.6, 1.25, 2.5, 5, 10, 20, and 50 mg L−1 for 12 h. The MIC demonstrated that CuNPs effectively inhibited the growth of A. hydrophila up to a dilution of 12,500 mg L−1 and showed an inhibition zone of 14.0 ± 1.6 mm for CuNPs. The results of anthelmintic activity showed a dose‐dependent effect of concentration for both groups of parasites, with the most effective concentration being 300 mg L−1 in 120 min. In the toxicity test, the carps showed tolerance to lower concentrations. The study indicated that CuNPs were effective against the studied pathogens. However, it proved to be toxic to fish at high concentrations. The use of low concentrations is recommended still requires further investigation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study intended to evaluate the interactions between zamicastat and epoprostenol in healthy human subjects. This was a single‐center, open‐label, two‐period study. In period 1, epoprostenol 8 ng/kg/min was administered alone. In period 2, epoprostenol 8 ng/kg/min was administered following an 8‐day treatment with zamicastat. Since the initial dose of epoprostenol showed to be insufficiently tolerated, it was decreased to 6 ng/kg/min. Blood samples were collected to determine the metabolites of epoprostenol and concentrations of zamicastat and its metabolites. A total of 54 subjects were enrolled and data from 28 subjects were available for pharmacokinetic analysis. The epoprostenol plus zamicastat‐to‐epoprostenol geometric means ratio (GMR) and corresponding 90% confidence interval (CI) for Cav,ss and area under the plasma concentration–time curve from time 0 up to 16 h at steady state (AUC0‐16,ss) of the metabolites of epoprostenol were within the acceptance bioequivalence range (80.00%‐125.00%). The intrasubject coefficient of variation (ISCV) was below 10% for both parameters, on both metabolites. For zamicastat AUC0‐τ,ss, the zamicastat plus epoprostenol‐to‐zamicastat GMR and corresponding 90% CI were within the bioequivalence acceptance range, while for zamicastat Cmax,ss, the lower limit of the 90% CI was slightly below the acceptance range. For zamicastat metabolites, Cmax,ss and AUC0‐τ,ss and the zamicastat plus epoprostenol‐to‐zamicastat GMR were below the acceptance bioequivalence range. ISCV was between 30% and 41% for Cmax,ss and between 21% and 41% for AUC0‐τ,ss, for zamicastat and both metabolites. This study showed that the administration of zamicastat did not significantly modify the cardiovascular effects of epoprostenol and that the interactions between zamicastat and epoprostenol are not expected to be clinically relevant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: Dopamine beta‐hydroxylase (DβH) inhibitors, like zamicastat, hold promise for treating pulmonary arterial hypertension. This study aimed to validate the mechanism of action of zamicastat by studying its effect on the overdrive of the sympathetic nervous system (SNS). Methods: A single‐centre, prospective, double‐blind, randomized, placebo‐controlled, crossover study evaluated the effect of 400 mg zamicastat in 22 healthy male subjects. Cold pressor test (CPT) was performed at screening and each treatment period on Days −1 and 10. Plasma and 24 h‐urine levels of dopamine (DA), epinephrine (EPI) and norepinephrine (NE), and plasma DβH activity, were measured. Results: Compared to placebo, zamicastat showed a − 4.62 mmHg decrease in systolic blood pressure during the cold stimulus vs. rest phases on Day 10 of CPT (P =.020). Zamicastat decreased mean arterial pressure response to cold stimulus during CPT (−2.62 mmHg; P =.025). At Day 10, zamicastat significantly increased plasma DA, before CPT (12.63 ng/L; P =.040) and after CPT (19.22 ng/L; P =.001) as well as the estimated plasma EPI change from baseline after CPT (P =.040). Inhibition of plasma DβH activity ranged from 19.8% to 25.0%. At Day 10, significant reductions in 24‐h urinary excretion of EPI (P =.002) and NE (P =.001) were observed. Zamicastat Cτ geometric mean ± GSD ranged from 45.86 ± 1.46 ng/mL on Day 3 to 58.64 ± 1.52 ng/mL on Day 10, with moderate inter‐individual variability (CV: 32.6%–36.6%). Steady state was already achieved on Day 6. Conclusions: Our results demonstrated the effect of zamicastat on the overdrive sympathetic response to cold stimulus, confirming its potential as SNS modulator. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Shoe manufacturing companies often use overtime work but neglect the impacts and importance of physical recovery time. Ergonomic methods aim to analyze this, but they focus on deterministic aspects, which limits their ability to evaluate working conditions amid variations over time. This research explores how a simulation model can mitigate these limitations and enhance analysis of overtime and physical recovery on worker absenteeism. The objective was developed a simulation model using System Dynamics (SD) to represent working conditions and assess the influence of overtime and recovery time in Brazil's footwear industry. An Ergonomic Analysis of Work was conducted in a large company's production cell. Using SD, were constructed a causal and simulation model to analyze three scenarios. An additional hour of work increased physical overload by 44%, leading to 5, 4 leave requests, and 48 days of absenteeism per year. Increasing recovery time by 15 min reduced overload to 38,96%, resulting in 4, 9 leave requests and 13,68 days of absenteeism. The SD simulation model mitigated the limitations of ergonomic methods in understanding the dynamic relationships over time, emphasizing the importance of actively managing overtime and physical recovery time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Limb‐girdle muscular dystrophy type 2G/R7 (LGMD2G/R7) is an ultra‐rare condition initially identified within the Brazilian population. We aimed to expand clinical and genetic information about this disease, including its worldwide distribution. A multicenter historical cohort study was performed at 13 centers in Brazil in which data from index cases and their affected relatives from consecutive families with LGMD2G/R7 were reviewed from July 2017 to August 2023. Additionally, a systematic literature review was conducted to identify case reports and series of the disease worldwide. Forty‐one LGMD2G/R7 cases were described in the Brazilian cohort, being all subjects homozygous for the c.157C>T/(p.Gln53*) variant in TCAP. Survival curves showed that the median disease duration before individuals required walking aids was 21 years. Notably, women exhibited a slower disease progression, requiring walking aids 13 years later than men. LGMD2G/R7 was frequently reported not only in Brazil but also in China and Bulgaria, with 119 cases identified globally, with possible founder effects in the Brazilian, Eastern European, and Asian populations. These findings are pivotal in raising awareness of LGMD2G/R7, understanding its progression, and identifying potential modifiers. This can significantly contribute to the development of future natural history studies and clinical trials for this disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of dietary supplementation with Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck essential oil on the growth, immune system, and resistance to Aeromonas hydrophila infection in Colossoma macropomum fingerlings. The experiment was conducted with five treatments (control diet, Tween80 diet, and diets supplemented with 200, 400, and 800 mg L−1 of C. sinensis essential oil) with four replicates. At the end of the experimental period, growth parameters were measured, and blood samples were collected for thrombogram, leukogram, and phagocytic activity analysis. A bacterial challenge with A. hydrophila was conducted for 96 h. C. macropomum fingerlings that were fed with 400 and 800 mg L−1 of C. sinensis essential oil had the highest growth parameters, with final weights of 533.18 ± 2.03 mg and 531.91 ± 2.67 mg, respectively, and an increase in the number of thrombocytes, lymphocytes, monocytes, and neutrophils, as well as higher phagocytosis rates compared to the control group. Regarding the challenge, fish in the 400 and 800 mg L−1 treatments also exhibited the lowest cumulative mortality rate (26.66% ± 3.33%). Therefore, supplementation with C. sinensis essential oil promotes growth, improves health, and enhances resistance to A. hydrophila in C. macropomum fingerlings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT Variation in species composition along an environmental gradient (β‐diversity) can inform our understanding of biodiversity patterns and species composition. Beta diversity can be partitioned into species contributions to beta diversity (SCBD) and local contributions to beta diversity (LCBD). While SCBD describes the variations in species composition among samples, LCBD measures the uniqueness of a biological community within a larger ecosystem. Recently developed metrics enabled the estimation of species contribution to total beta diversity (SCBD) and the contribution of individual sites to total beta diversity (LCBD). Utilising these metrics, a one‐time survey of 275 sampling points within four sub‐basins of the Upper Paraná River Hydrographic Basin (low‐flow streams, < 5 m3/s) was conducted to assess fish community composition. Our results show that limnological influences at different scales contribute to higher LCBD. However, land use and species richness were not directly linked to this outcome, suggesting that sites with fewer fish species along sub‐basins contributed to higher beta diversity. It was concluded that beta diversity is more influenced by limnological characteristics and the position of sampling sites along the longitudinal gradient than that based on variations in species composition (SCBD). Moreover, high LCBD values were even found in portions of the gradient with lower species richness. This means that small streams in the sub‐basins of the upper Paraná River are unique and are comprised of varied habitats that contribute to increasing diversity. As such, they should be seen as a target in the development of environmental policies designed to conserve their pristine condition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Kilohertz‐frequency alternating currents (KFACs) have been indicated to minimize muscle atrophy and weakness. However, the optimal stimulation parameters still need to be determined. Objective: This study aimed to investigate the effects of different KFACs on evoked torque, current efficiency, and perceived discomfort. Design: KFACs with frequencies of 1 kHz (Aussie current) and 2.5 kHz (Russian current), along with two duty cycles (10% and 20%), were randomly applied to the triceps surae muscle of healthy participants using a crossover design. The NMES intensity, NMES‐evoked torque, NMES efficiency, and NMES discomfort were measured in maximal and submaximal conditions. Statistical analyses were conducted using a two‐way mixed‐model ANOVA with repeated measures. Forty‐four participants were included. Results: Aussie currents produced higher evoked torque and efficiency in maximal and submaximal efforts, with higher perceived discomfort in maximal effort. Although the Australian current may cause greater discomfort at maximal efforts, it matches the Russian current in perceived discomfort at submaximal levels. The 20% duty cycle produced the highest efficiency in submaximal efforts. Conclusion: In both maximal and submaximal efforts, the Aussie current demonstrated superior NMES efficiency, yielding higher torque with lower amplitude than the Russian current. Clinicians should take these findings into consideration when prescribing KFACs to optimize clinical outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study presents experimental investigations and numerical simulations of the microwave (MW) dielectric and evaluation of the electrical properties in the radiofrequency region (RF). The ceramic matrix Li2LaNbTiO7 (LLNT) is obtained through the solid‐state reaction method. The synthesis of LLNT is confirmed using the X‐ray diffraction technique. In the complex impedance spectroscopy study, permittivity (ε′r) and loss tangent (tanδ) values are analyzed at room temperature. The study of the conductivity spectrum at different temperatures demonstrates that the conduction process is thermally activated, presenting a value of 0.65 eV for the activation energy. Numerical simulations are employed to evaluate the behavior of the LLNT matrix as dielectric resonator antennas (DRA), whereas this ceramics demonstrated a reflection coefficient of less than −10 dB at the resonant frequency, achieving a gain of 3.71 dBi, a bandwidth of 144 MHz and a radiation efficiency greater than 97%. The results indicate that the LLNT matrix would be a promising candidate for RF and MW operating devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nanocellulose‐reinforced composites hold great promise for outperforming the original polymer matrix by offering exceptional properties, including outstanding barrier characteristics achieved through the establishment of convoluted pathways for the diffusion of water vapor and gases, as well as superior mechanical and thermal properties. Nevertheless, a significant challenge when employing nanocelluloses as reinforcements in polymers arises from their limited compatibility with the polymer matrix, primarily attributed to the abundance of surface hydroxyl groups.To address this limitation, this study focuses on the acetylation modification of cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) and nanofibers (CNF) to enhance their compatibility with the polymer matrix. Poly(butylene adipate‐co‐terephthalate) (PBAT) nanocomposites were developed by incorporating 1 wt% of both untreated and acetylated cellulose. The process involved the molten state mixing of these components using a twin‐screw mini extruder, conducted at 160°C for 7 min. The efficacy of the acetylation process was verified through Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis confirmed the favorable interaction and dispersion of nanocelluloses within the polymer matrix. Importantly, introducing these fillers did not compromise thermal stability but notably enhanced the hydrophobic characteristics of the samples, as confirmed by contact angle measurements. Dynamic mechanical analyses further demonstrated the compatibility and effective interaction between the polymer and fillers. This research uniquely provides a comparative analysis of the effects of acetylated CNC and CNF within a PBAT matrix, unveiling distinct interactions and performance enhancements. Each type of nanocellulose exhibits its own characteristic ways of bonding and dispersing, leading to varying performance improvements for the material. This comparison elucidates the nuanced roles that these nanocelluloses play in reinforcing composites, offering insights into optimizing their contribution to polymer matrices. By demonstrating the differential impact of CNC and CNF post‐acetylation, our study contributes significantly to the field of polymer science, guiding future applications of nanocellulose‐reinforced materials in advanced engineering and sustainability efforts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The lack of understanding regarding how endogenous and behavioral factors affect the biological rhythms of amblypygid arachnids in cave environments underscores a gap in chronobiologic knowledge for this group. This study investigates the influence of specialization on subterranean habitats and the presence of biological rhythms on the locomotor activity patterns of the troglobitic and troglophilic species of the genus Charinus. Specimens collected from carbonate caves in Brazil were subjected to experimental treatments of constant light (LL), constant darkness (DD), and light–dark cycles (LD). The results revealed variations in the distribution of main periods among species, without a uniform pattern. Although some specimens showed greater variability in activity patterns in the DD and LL treatments, no significant differences were observed between troglobites and troglophiles. The lack of a clear distinction in rhythms between the two groups suggests the dynamic nature of circadian rhythms in these populations, where individual variations in activity patterns indicate this behavioral diversity. Additionally, intraspecific competition for food resources, probably intensified by the oligotrophic conditions of the cave environments, may play an important role in shaping these patterns and differences in activity phases. The presence of infradian rhythms and weak circadian rhythms in some individuals underscores the importance of considering non‐photic zeitgebers for a deeper understanding of these rhythms in cave organisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT Objectives Methods Results Conclusions Anaemia is a key cause of morbidity in chronic kidney disease (CKD). Androgen deficiency (AD) in males can contribute to anaemia of all causes, including in CKD. We sought to examine the prevalence of AD in men with CKD, the extent to which it contributed to anaemia and whether it was independently associated with long‐term survival.This cross‐sectional observational study was conducted among males aged 18 years and over with CKD stages 4 and 5. The study analysed morning blood samples with regard to their full blood count, urea and electrolytes, albumin, lipids, testosterone (T) and sex hormone binding globulin, with calculation of free testosterone by mass action equation. Mortality data were obtained 15 years later for survival analysis.Among 322 patients with a mean age of 63 years, the overall prevalence of AD was 68.9%. There was a statistically significant negative correlation between erythropoiesis stimulating agent (ESA) dose and testosterone concentrations (Pearson correlation −0.193, p = 0.05). There was a positive correlation between haemoglobin (Hb) and free testosterone level among patients not on ESA therapy (Pearson correlation 0.331, p < 0.001). Kaplan‐Meier plots showed p < 0.001 on log‐rank analysis, indicating that AD was significantly associated with worse survival. However, in Cox regression analysis, free testosterone was not associated with survival (95% CI for free testosterone 0.997–1.000).AD is highly prevalent among this population, and increases further with older age and more severe CKD warranting haemodialysis. Association of lower Hb and higher ESA dose with lower T concentration might be causative, which has important pharmaco‐economic as well as clinical implications. Lower survival in men with low T, more likely reflects overall poor health rather than causation. A properly constituted randomised controlled study evaluating the effect of native T replacement is warranted in men with CKD and AD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we report the synthesis, structural characterization, and antiviral properties of palladium(II) complexes with amantadine (atd) and memantine (mtn). Elemental and mass spectrometric analyses indicated a 1:2 metal/ligand ratio. The single crystal data for Pd‐mtn revealed that the complex adopts a square geometry with the two memantine ligands bonded to Pd(II) by the nitrogen atoms of the NH2 group, in a trans configuration. Computational studies supported a similar structure for Pd‐atd. The complexes were stable in DMSO solution for 24 h. The antiviral properties of Pd‐atd and Pd‐mtn were evaluated against Zika (ZIKV) and Chikungunya (CHIKV) viruses in vitro at their highest noncytotoxic concentrations. The Pd‐atd (at 2 µM) and Pd‐mtn (at 10 µM) complexes were able to impair 76% and 96% of CHIKV replication, respectively, which points the coordination of amantadine and memantine to Pd(II) as a successful strategy to increase their anti‐CHIKV properties. Conversely, the Pd(II) complexes did not significantly inhibit the replication of ZIKV, which confirms the selectivity towards CHIKV. Interaction of the compounds with N‐acetyl‐l‐cysteine, a model disulfide‐containing peptide, and plasmid DNA pointed to Cys‐containing peptides as more likely targets than nucleotides for the complexes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The synthetic nitro‐alcohol 2‐nitro‐1‐phenyl‐1‐propanol (NPP) has endothelium‐independent relaxing properties in isolated preparations of rat aorta and mesenteric artery. In this study, we investigated whether the vasodilator effects occur in coronary vessels and explored whether hyperpolarization is involved in the underlying mechanism of NPP‐induced smooth muscle relaxation. The relaxing responses were studied in isolated preparations of the left anterior descending coronary (ADC) and the septal coronary (SC) arteries, which had been previously maintained under sustained contraction induced by the thromboxane A2 analogue U‐46619. Administered cumulatively, NPP elicited concentration‐dependent vasorelaxation with similar potency in both vessels. The relaxant effect remained unaffected by the nitric oxide synthase inhibitor L‐NAME, the protein kinase C inhibitor bisindolylmaleimide IV and the Rho‐associated protein kinase inhibitor Y‐27632. However, it was significantly diminished by the adenylyl cyclase inhibitor MDL‐12,330A, the guanylyl cyclase inhibitor ODQ, as well as the K+ channel inhibitors tetraethylammonium and CsCl. In ADC preparations impaled with intracellular micropipettes, NPP hyperpolarized the vascular preparation. When the isolated preparation was precontracted by 5‐hydroxytryptamine or 80 mM KCl, NPP‐induced relaxation with lower pharmacological potency compared to the vessels contracted by U‐46619. In conclusion, NPP exhibits vasorelaxant effects on rat coronary arteries, likely involving pathways that include cyclic nucleotide production and membrane hyperpolarization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurological condition resulting from the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra. Impaired manual dexterity and cognitive impairment are common symptoms and are often associated with recurrent adverse events in this population. Objective: To verify the association between cognitive performance and manual dexterity in people with PD. Methods: This is a cross‐sectional observational study, with 29 participants, who underwent cognitive and manual dexterity assessments, and the following tools were used: Trail Making Test, box and block test (BBT), Learning Test of Rey and Nine Hole Peg Test. Descriptive statistics for clinical and demographic data were performed using mean and standard deviation, and data normality was assessed using the Shapiro–Wilk test. Spearman's nonparametric test was used to determine the correlation between variables. Results: Our findings revealed significant associations between cognitive performance and manual dexterity. The nine‐hole peg test positively correlated with TMT—Part A and Part B, establishing a relationship between manual dexterity and cognitive functions such as attention and mental flexibility. On the other hand, BBT showed an inverse relationship with TMT—Part B, indicating that longer time on this task was associated with lower manual dexterity. Conclusion: Fine manual dexterity had a significant correlation with visual search skills and motor speed, while gross motor dexterity had a negative correlation with cognitive skills. No significant results were demonstrated regarding the interaction between manual dexterity and memory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High‐intensity interval training (HIIT) has shown significant results in addressing adiposity and risk factors associated with obesity. However, there are no studies that investigate the effects of HIIT on contractility and intracellular Ca2+ handling. The purpose of this study was to explore the impact of HIIT on cardiomyocyte contractile function and intracellular Ca2+ handling in rats in which obesity was induced by a saturated high‐fat diet (HFD). Male Wistar rats were initially randomized into a standard diet and a HFD group. The experimental protocol spanned 23 weeks, comprising the induction and maintenance of obesity (15 weeks) followed by HIIT treatment (8 weeks). Performance was assessed using the maximum oxygen consumption test (V̇O2max${{\dot{V}}_{{{{\mathrm{O}}}_{\mathrm{2}}}{\mathrm{max}}}}$). Evaluation encompassed cardiac, adipose and skeletal muscle histology, as well as contractility and intracellular Ca2+ handling. HIIT resulted in a reduction in visceral area, an increase in V̇O2max${{\dot{V}}_{{{{\mathrm{O}}}_{\mathrm{2}}}{\mathrm{max}}}}$, and an augmentation of gastrocnemius fibre diameter in obese subjects. Additionally, HIIT led to a decrease in collagen fraction, an increase in percentage shortening, and a reduction in systolic Ca2+/percentage shortening and systolic Ca2+/maximum shortening rates. HIIT induces physiological cardiac remodelling, enhancing the contractile function of cardiomyocytes and improving myofilament sensitivity to Ca2+ in the context of obesity. This approach not only enhances cardiorespiratory and physical performance but also reduces visceral area and prevents interstitial fibrosis. What is the central question of this study?Does high‐intensity interval training (HIIT) enhance myocardial contractility in models of obesity induced by a saturated high‐fat diet, and does it promote an improvement in intracellular Ca2+ handling (Ca2+ influx and reuptake)?What is the main finding and its importance?HIIT, as a non‐pharmacological tool of short duration but high intensity, improves cardiovascular function and the sensitivity of myofilaments to intracellular Ca2+ handling, as well as promoting a reduction in visceral fat area. Thus, the obesity‐induced impairment of the heart's contractile properties was partially prevented by an 8‐week HIIT programme. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This review investigates the prevalence of male non‐neurogenic lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) after renal transplant, as kidney transplantation is a transformative intervention for patients with end‐stage renal disease significantly enhancing quality of life that might be diminished by LUTS. Methods: The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses guidelines were followed. A systematic search in the PubMed and Scopus databases was performed using specific terms. Inclusion criteria considered male kidney transplant recipients, analysing outcomes in English‐language studies. Discrepancies were resolved by consultation. Results: Among 18 studies involving 29 086 recipients, the prevalence of non‐neurogenic LUTS ranged from 5.8% to 33.0%. Studies predominantly used the International Prostate Symptom Score for evaluation. Surgical interventions, mostly for benign prostatic obstruction, ranged from 2.5% to 20.0%. Voiding and post‐micturition symptoms were under‐represented. Conclusion: This review found varied non‐neurogenic LUTS prevalence and characteristics in male kidney transplant recipients, emphasising the need for standardised assessments, prospective studies, and improved understanding of LUTS mechanisms. Enhanced knowledge can guide interventions, additionally benefiting recipient quality of life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

INTRODUCTION: Cellular prion protein (PrPC) was implicated in amyloid beta (Aβ)‐induced toxicity in Alzheimer's disease (AD), but the precise molecular mechanisms involved in this process are unclear. METHODS: Double transgenic mice were generated by crossing Prnp knockout (KO) with 5xFAD mice, and light‐sheet microscopy was used for whole brain tissue analyses. PrPC‐overexpressing cells were developed for in vitro studies, and microscopy was used to assess co‐localization of proteins of interest. Surface‐plasmon resonance (SPR) was used to investigate protein‐binding characteristics. RESULTS: In vivo, PrPC levels correlated with reduced lifespan and cognitive and motor function, and its ablation disconnected behavior deficits from Aβ levels. Light‐sheet microscopy showed that PrPC influenced Aβ‐plaque burden but not the distribution of those plaques. Interestingly, caveolin‐1 (Cav‐1) KO neurons significantly reduced intracellular Aβ‐oligomer (Aβo) uptake when compared to wild‐type neurons. DISCUSSION: The findings shed new light on the relevance of intracellular Aβo, suggesting that PrPC and Cav‐1 modulate intracellular Aβ levels and the Aβ‐plaque load. Highlights: PrPC expression adversely affects lifespan and behavior in 5xFAD mice.PrPC increases Aβ1‐40 and Aβ1‐42 levels and Aβ‐plaque load in 5xFAD mice.Cav‐1 interacts with both PrPC and Aβ peptides.Knocking out Cav‐1 leads to a significant reduction in intracellular Aβ levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Orthobunyavirus oropoucheense species encompasses a group of arthropod‐borne zoonotic viruses transmitted by biting midges to animals including humans. Several large‐scale human outbreaks caused by the prototype member of this species, Oropouche virus (OROV) have been documented since the 1970s and were primarily confined to the Amazon basin. However, since 2022, more widespread OROV outbreaks have been unfolding in Brazil and across South America, with cases exported to Cuba, Italy, Spain, USA and Germany. In Brazil, the virus has reached and established communitary transmission in all geographic areas of the country. We isolated, characterized the cytopathic effect and recovered the full genome of two OROV isolates from the 2022–24 outbreak detected in patients from the Pernambuco state. Phylogenetic data supports a direct introduction from the Amazonas state, the epicenter of the epidemics in the country. As case counts accumulate in the state mounting evidence is supporting the establishiment of sustained transmission chains. Continued studies are critical to understand the transmission cycle in this region, including the most important vectors and reservoirs, to appropriately deploy control measures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To evaluate the inflammatory tissue response to BioRoot™ RCS (BR) and AH Plus Jet (AHPJ) sealers implanted in mice subcutaneous tissue. It was hypothesized that the inflammatory tissue response to BR would be milder than to AHPJ. An in vivo study was carried out using isogenic mice. The sealers were implanted during standardized surgical procedures. The inflammatory response was evaluated by microscopic analysis and von Kossa reaction in the reactionary tissue around the specimens after 7, 21, and 63 days. For comparisons, a zinc oxide and eugenol sealer (ZOE) was used as a positive control, in addition to a negative control without a sealer (n = 10 per group/period). All statistical analyses considered a significance level of 5%. All endodontic sealers triggered an inflammatory tissue response after 7 days. BR had a higher inflammatory cell count and a thicker fibrous capsule when compared with AHPJ, but both were less inflammatory than ZOE (p <.001). After 21 days, BR continued to trigger an intense inflammatory tissue response, higher in both microscopic parameters compared to AHPJ, and a thicker fibrous capsule than ZOE (p <.001). After 63 days, the inflammatory tissue response decreased in BR, matching the fibrous capsule thickness with AHPJ and ZOE. BR promoted intense calcium precipitation in all study periods. After 63 days, AHPJ and BR sealers were more biocompatible to subcutaneous mice tissue, but AHPJ present better early inflammatory response, as well as BR showed potential bioactivity. Research Highlights: The inflammatory tissue response triggered by a bioceramic endodontic sealer (BR) was not milder than that triggered by an epoxy‐resin based endodontic sealer (AHPJ) during the first 3 weeks, considering the microscopic analysis of the reactionary tissue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A water‐soluble anthraquinone derived from alizarin, 3HAAQ, is introduced as the redox‐active material in a negative potential electrolyte (anolyte) for aqueous redox flow batteries operating at pH 14. The synthesis of 3HAAQ is carried out using the Mannich reaction, which significantly improves the solubility of the new compound, an important factor for its use in RFB. Pairing with potassium ferri/ferrocyanide positive electrolyte, this flow battery exhibits an open‐circuit voltage of 1.24 V and maintains nearly 80% of the theoretical capacity at 40 mA cm−2 current density. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Conservation Biology is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Irrigation & Drainage is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In mammals, the central circadian oscillator is located in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN). Hypothalamus–pituitary–thyroid axis components exhibit circadian oscillation, regulated by both central clock innervation and intrinsic circadian clocks in the anterior pituitary and thyroid glands. Thyroid disorders alter the rhythmicity of peripheral clocks in a tissue‐dependent response; however, whether these effects are influenced by alterations in the master clock remains unknown. This study aimed to characterize the effects of hypothyroidism on the rhythmicity of SCN, body temperature (BT) and metabolism, and the possible mechanisms involved in this signalling. C57BL/6J adult male mice were divided into Control and Hypothyroid groups. Profiles of spontaneous locomotor activity (SLA), BT, oxygen consumption (V̇O2${{\dot{V}}_{{{{\mathrm{O}}}_{\mathrm{2}}}}}$) and respiratory quotient (RQ) were determined under free‐running conditions. Clock gene expression, and neuronal activity of the SCN and medial preoptic nucleus (MPOM) area were investigated in light–dark (LD) conditions. Triiodothyronine (T3) transcriptional regulation of Bmal1 promoter activity was evaluated in GH3‐transfected cells. Hypothyroidism delayed the rhythmicity of SLA and BT, and altered the expression of core clock components in the SCN. The activity of SCN neurons and their outputs were also affected, as evidenced by the loss of circadian rhythmicity in V̇O2${{\dot{V}}_{{{{\mathrm{O}}}_{\mathrm{2}}}}}$ and RQ and alterations in the neuronal activity pattern of MPOM. In GH3 cells, T3 increased Bmal1 promoter activity in a time‐dependent manner. Thyroid hormone may act as a temporal cue for the central circadian clock, and the uncoupling of central and peripheral clocks might contribute to a wide range of metabolic and thermoregulatory impairments observed in hypothyroidism. Key points: Hypothyroidism alters clock gene expression in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN).Thyroid hypofunction alters the phase of spontaneous locomotor activity and body temperature rhythms.Thyroid hormone deficiency alters the daily pattern of SCN and medial preoptic nucleus neuronal activities.Hypothyroidism alterations are extended to daily oscillations of oxygen consumption and metabolism, which might contribute to the development of metabolic syndrome.Triiodothyronine increases Bmal1 promoter activity acting as temporal cue for the central circadian clock. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bell peppers (Capsicum annuum) play a key role in food production, commerce, and society, with smallholder farmers being the 36 primary cultivators. However, the whitefly Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) poses a significant threat to bell pepper crops. Traditional control methods rely heavily on the application of insecticides, resulting in increased production costs and ecological concerns. To address this issue, the establishment of decision‐making systems, starting with effective sampling plans, is crucial. This study aimed to develop a practical sampling strategy for assessing B. tabaci populations at different growth stages of bell pepper crops, including vegetative, flowering, and fruiting stages. Over a 4‐year period, commercial bell pepper fields were monitored to determine the optimal sampling technique and sample size. Results indicated that sampling the apical third of the plant's leaves and shaking the plants onto a white plastic tray yielded the most accurate samples. Pest densities followed a negative binomial distribution pattern, with a consistent aggregation parameter (Kc = 0.3339) across all fields. Therefore, assessing 78 plants per field was deemed necessary. The sampling procedure incurred a cost of up to $1.12 per hectare and required approximately 24 min. The simplicity, ease of execution, and low cost of the developed sampling strategy make it suitable for integration into comprehensive pest management programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Finding strategies to enhance catalysts' electrochemical activity is based on controlling the material design. Bidimensional materials (2DM) such as MoS2 are explored as catalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). A comprehensive study of the effects of doping 2D materials with transition metals based on theoretical predictions in tandem with experimental investigation correlates the doping type to the changes in the electronic and electrochemical activity. Localized electrochemical maps obtained by scanning electrochemical cell microscopy (SECCM) reveal that Ti‐doping induces a heterogeneous increase in 2H‐MoS2 basal plane electrochemical activity, while Ni‐doping induces a homogeneous decrease. Additionally, Kelvin probe microscopy provides insight into Ti‐doping, showcasing a decline in the 2H‐MoS2 work function, therefore confirming the predictions from density functional theory simulations. In essence, the findings underscore the potential of transition metal coordination on the 2H‐MoS2 surface as an attractive method for locally doping 2D materials with minimal damage to the crystalline lattice, consequently enhancing the electrochemical activity on the material's basal plane. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Antimicrobial resistance is a pressing global health concern, demanding the development of novel antimicrobial agents. Quinoline derivatives emerge as promising candidates with their diverse chemical structures and recognized bioactive properties. This study aimed to investigate the antimicrobial potency of newly synthesized quinoline derivatives against Candida albicans and five bacterial strains, which are responsible for various infections and have exhibited varying degrees of antibiotic resistance. A series of quinoline derivatives were synthesized through simple structural modifications, such as the inclusion of nitro, amino, and hydrazino groups, or using the molecular hybridization strategy, involving the combination of quinoline and 1,2,3‐triazoles. None of the compounds showed promising activity against the bacterial strains. However, a promising fungistatic effect was observed against C. albicans. In this test, two of the compounds showed lower MIC values than fluconazole (25 μg/mL). In addition, the most promising compounds showed high affinity for the enzyme lanosterol 14 alpha demethylase, due to the low energy values found (−7.6 and −8.2 kcal/mol). Our study offers new avenues for future drug development in the fight against antimicrobial resistance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The establishment of fibroblast lines enables several applications from the formation of biobanks for the conservation of biodiversity to the use of these cells in physiological and toxicological assays. Considered a species vulnerable to extinction, the characterization of fibroblastic lines of northern tiger cat would contribute to its conservation. Therefore, we established and characterized fibroblasts derived from northern tiger cat during extended passage (third, seventh, and eleventh passages) and cryopreservation with regard to the morphology, viability, apoptotic classification, metabolism, proliferative activity, and oxidative stress by reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm). Initially, we identified four dermal fibroblast lines by morphology, immunophenotyping, and karyotyping assays. In vitro culture after the third, seventh, and eleventh passages did not affect the viability, apoptotic classification, and ROS levels. Nevertheless, cells at seventh and eleventh passages featured a reduction in metabolism and an alteration in ΔΨm when compared to third passage cells. Additionally, cells at eleventh passage showed changes in the proliferative activity and morphology when compared to other passages. Regarding cryopreservation, no effect was observed on cryopreserved cells for morphology, viability, apoptotic classification, metabolism, and proliferative activity. Nevertheless, cryopreserved cells had alteration for ROS levels and ΔΨm. In summary, fibroblasts from northern tiger cat were affected by extended passage (seventh and eleventh passages) and cryopreservation. Adjustments to the in vitro culture and cryopreservation are necessary to reduce cellular oxidative stress caused by in vitro conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Purpose: Fibromyalgia is a complex clinical disorder with an unknown aetiology, characterized by generalized pain and co‐morbid symptoms such as anxiety and depression. An imbalance of oxidants and antioxidants is proposed to play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of fibromyalgia symptoms. However, the precise mechanisms by which oxidative stress contributes to fibromyalgia‐induced pain remain unclear. The transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) channel, known as both a pain sensor and an oxidative stress sensor, has been implicated in various painful conditions. Experimental Approach: The feed‐forward mechanism that implicates reactive oxygen species (ROS) driven by TRPA1 was investigated in a reserpine‐induced fibromyalgia model in C57BL/6J mice employing pharmacological interventions and genetic approaches. Key Results: Reserpine‐treated mice developed pain‐like behaviours (mechanical/cold hypersensitivity) and early anxiety‐depressive‐like disorders, accompanied by increased levels of oxidative stress markers in the sciatic nerve tissues. These effects were not observed upon pharmacological blockade or global genetic deletion of the TRPA1 channel and macrophage depletion. Furthermore, we demonstrated that selective silencing of TRPA1 in Schwann cells reduced reserpine‐induced neuroinflammation (NADPH oxidase 1‐dependent ROS generation and macrophage increase in the sciatic nerve) and attenuated fibromyalgia‐like behaviours. Conclusion and Implications: Activated Schwann cells expressing TRPA1 promote an intracellular pathway culminating in the release of ROS and recruitment of macrophages in the mouse sciatic nerve. These cellular and molecular events sustain mechanical and cold hypersensitivity in the reserpine‐evoked fibromyalgia model. Targeting TRPA1 channels on Schwann cells could offer a novel therapeutic approach for managing fibromyalgia‐related behaviours. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work presents the production of a gel containing bacterial cellulose and curcumin and the anti‐inflammatory and healing activity assayed according to an animal model (BC‐curcumin). The methodology consisted of the production of bacterial cellulose (BC) using a glycerol‐based culture medium, subsequentially purified and transformed into a powder and added to an ethanolic curcumin solution, acting as a carrier matrix of a bioactive compound, as well as this component present in the gel proposal, promotes the prolonged liberation of curcumin. The BC and BC‐curcumin were characterized by infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and scanning electron microscopy. The antimicrobial activity of the developed gel was confirmed through halo inhibition zone assay and minimum inhibitory concentration against strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and Escherichia coli, whose presenting halos with diameters of 21, 26, and 14 mm, and concentrations of 63.78, 6.16 and 136.65 μg mL−1 for the three microorganisms, respectively. The healing and anti‐inflammatory activities were observed according to in vivo assays using Wistar rats, which demonstrated a high healing potential, also confirmed by histopathological study of the tissue samples extracted from the healing area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this study is to point out ways of resisting abyssal thinking in business schools based on the practices of the “Grupo Vivências,” a teaching, research, and extension group that originated in the business course of an academic center located in the peripheral region Agreste, in Pernambuco, a state in northeastern Brazil. The theoretical discussion in this article is anchored in the decolonial thinking developed by the Epistemologies of the South through the notions of “abyssal thinking” or “colonial thinking,” “engaged pedagogy,” and “pluriversal methodologies.” The discussion is based on the narrative of one of the group's coordinating professors and the first author of this article, which brings together different narratives referring to the practices of the Grupo Vivências, carried out between 2018 and 2022. The research and extension proposal of the group has questioned the colonial hierarchical divisions of mind versus body, theory versus practice, subject versus object, as well as knowing versus doing. Thus, the group's practices have shown resistance to abyssal/colonial thinking when: (1) they have sought to recognize the differences that make up the participants in the projects and, based on this, have elaborated possibilities of resistance to perceived oppressions mediated through the use of art; (2) they have encouraged values contrary to modern rational‐instrumental logic such as care, embracement, sharing, and collective construction; and (3) they have sought to insert the ecology of knowledge into their practices by creating spaces for dialogue between different fields of procedural knowledge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT Polyploid varieties have been suggested as an alternative approach to promote drought tolerance in citrus crops. In this study, we compared the responses of diploid and tetraploid Sunki ‘Tropical’ rootstocks to water deficit when grafted onto ‘Valencia’ sweet orange trees and subjected to water withholding in isolation or competition experiments under potted conditions. Our results revealed that, when grown in isolation, tetraploid rootstocks took longer to show drought symptoms, but this advantage disappeared when grown in competition under the same soil moisture conditions. The differences in drought responses were mainly associated with variations in endogenous leaf levels of abscisic acid (ABA), hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) and carbohydrates among treatments. Overall, tetraploids were more affected by drought in individual experiments, showing higher H₂O₂ production, and in competition experiments, rapidly increasing ABA production to regulate stomatal closure and reduce water loss through transpiration. Therefore, our results highlight the crucial importance of evaluating diploid and tetraploid rootstocks under the same soil moisture conditions to better simulate field conditions, providing important insights to improve selection strategies for more resilient citrus rootstocks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]