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The article discusses a study which examined the damage in glass target blocks that were partially penetrated by a steel rod to investigate the failure physics of glass when attacked by a projectile. Fragment shapes and sizes in the tunnel surrounding embedded projectiles indicate that penetration occurs by comminution of material at the nose of the advancing projectile. The measurements are used to develop a physics-based model which allows computational simulations of glass penetration scenarios.

The article describes a model which uses microfailure and fragment flow constitutive data for achieving a physics-based computational capability for designing glass and ceramic armor. Mesomechanical models aim to relate material failure on the microscopic level to continuum behavior. The entry shows how the model links to continuum models and compares computational results with glass penetration tests. It also explains plate impact experiments, partial penetration of non-eroding rods and quasistatic material property tests.