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Apollo et al. [44] assessed a UV/H SB 2 sb O SB 2 sb /TiO SB 2 sb /Zeolite combined system for treatment of molasses wastewater and achieved the highest decolorization in the order H SB 2 sb O SB 2 sb /UV/TiO SB 2 sb /zeolite > H SB 2 sb O SB 2 sb /UV/TiO SB 2 sb > UV/TiO SB 2 sb > H SB 2 sb O SB 2 sb /UV system [44]. Characterization of as-synthesized zeolite-based nanostructures XRD patterns of as-synthesized zeolite-based nanostructures were collected from a diffractometer of Philips company with X'PertPro monochromatized Cu Ka radiation ( I k i = 1.54 A°). (a) Hydrogen peroxide concentration and nanostructure dose, (b) hydrogen peroxide concentration and light intensity, (c) nanostructure dose and drug concentration, and (d) light intensity and nanostructure dose. Statistical optimization of process conditions for pyrvinium pamoate elimination using UV/zeolite-based nanostructures/H2O2. [Extracted from the article]

In the present study, Fe3 O4 magnetic nanoparticles were synthesized by the coprecipitation of Fe(2+) and Fe(3+) ions and used as a nanocarrier for the production of piroctone-olamine-loaded Fe3 O4 nanoparticles (Fe3 O4 @PO NPs). The nanocrystalline structure of the prepared iron oxide species was confirmed by the X-ray diffraction spectroscopy method. Particle size distribution analysis showed that the size of Fe3 O4 @PO NPs was in the range of 5-55 nm. The magnetization curve of Fe3 O4 @PO NPs (with saturation magnetization of 28.2 emu/g) confirmed its ferromagnetic property. Loading of PO on the surface of Fe3 O4 NPs qualitatively verified by Fourier transform infrared spectrum obtained from Fe3 O4 @PO NPs. Cytotoxicity studies on the human fibrosarcoma cell line (HT-1080) revealed higher inhibitory effect of Fe3 O4 @PO NPs (50% cell death [IC50 ] of 8.1 µg/mL) as compared with Fe3 O4 NPs (IC50 of 117.1 µg/mL) and PO (IC50 of 71.2 µg/mL) alone. In the case of human normal fibroblast (Hs68), the viability percentage was found to be 75% in the presence of Fe3 O4 @PO NPs (120 µg/mL). Gelatin zymography showed 17.2% and 34.6% inhibition of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) in the presence of Fe3 O4 @PO and PO, respectively, at the same concentration of 40 µg/mL, whereas Fe3 O4 NPs did not inhibit MMP-2 at any concentration., (© 2014 International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Inc.)

The application of green-synthesis principles is one of the most impressive research fields for the production of nanoparticles. Different kinds of biological systems have been used for this purpose. In the present study, AuNPs (gold nanoparticles) were prepared within a short time period using a fresh cell extract of the marine microalga Tetraselmis suecica as a reducing agent of HAuCl4 (chloroauric acid) solution. The UV-visible spectrum of the aqueous medium containing AuNPs indicated a peak at 530 nm, corresponding to the surface plasmon absorbance of AuNPs. The X-ray diffraction pattern also showed a Bragg reflection related to AuNPs. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy was performed for analysis of surface functional groups of AuNPs. Transmission electron microscopy and particle-size-distribution patterns determined by the laser-light-scattering method confirmed the formation of well-dispersed AuNPs. The most frequent size of particles was 79 nm.

Today, green synthesis of nanoparticles is attracting increasing attention. In the present study, the Bacillus sp. MSh-1 was isolated from the Caspian Sea (located in the northern part of Iran) and identified by various identification tests and 16S ribosomal DNA analysis. The reduction time course study of selenium ion (Se(4+)) reduction by using this test strain was performed in a liquid culture broth. Then, the intracellular NPs (nanoparticles) were released by the liquid nitrogen disruption method and thoroughly purified using an n-octyl alcohol water extraction system. Characterization of the separated NPs on features such as particle shape, size and purity was carried out with different devices. The energy dispersive X-ray and X-ray diffraction patterns showed that the purified NPs consisted of only selenium and are amorphous respectively. In addition, the transmission electron micrograph showed that the separated NPs were spherical and 80-220 nm in size. Furthermore, the cytotoxicity effect of these extracted biogenic selenium (Se) NPs on the fibrosarcoma cell line (HT-1080) proliferation and the inhibitory effect of the Se NPs on MMP-2 (matrix metalloproteinase-2) expression were studied using the MTT [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide] assay and gelatin zymography. Biogenic Se NPs showed a moderately inhibitory effect on MMP-2 expression.