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ABSTRACT In ecological contexts natural selection might favor individuals with a larger body mass to monopolize resources; however, there is wide variation in body mass within populations and potential factors. In this study, we evaluated whether fruit production limits body mass in one group of Sapajus apella, its effects on behavior, and whether there is a relationship between social status and body mass. We recorded activity patterns using focal follows (20 min), body mass (using a modified Ohaus scale), and community wide fruit production estimates (from 60 fruit traps). Body mass remained relatively stable during periods of food scarcity, but in periods of abundance most individuals gained weight, as indicated by their relative growth rates (RGR). Subordinate subadults showed the highest RGR, as expected by their age. In periods of high fruit production activities as traveling, grooming, and playing were more frequent than during fruit scarcity, suggesting energy maximization and potential energetic constraints. We found differences in behavior within the group, as the alpha male was observed feeding more frequently (and for longer periods of time), was more aggressive (e.g., feeding trees), and received more grooming than other individuals. In addition, the alpha male was 60% heavier than the group's average body mass. Our study supports the hypothesis that body weight gain is related to fruit abundance and that body size is associated with social dominance; however, large individuals (both males and females) seem to incur in high metabolic or reproductive costs, as they do not gain much weight as smaller individuals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses Peter E. Gordon's book, "A Precarious Happiness: Adorno and the Sources of Normativity," which challenges the prevailing interpretation of Theodor Adorno's philosophy as overly negative. Gordon argues that Adorno's work does contain a positive standard for social critique, specifically in the form of a demand for happiness or human flourishing. While Gordon acknowledges that Adorno rejected the idea of normative foundations, he believes that Adorno's concept of precarious happiness can align with a theory of intersubjectivist justification. The article also addresses different forms of negativism ascribed to Adorno and clarifies that negativism does not imply a lack of hope for a different social world. [Extracted from the article]

Compensatory consumption theory posits that individuals tend to engage in status consumption as a response to experiencing upward social comparison. However, it is unclear whether upward social comparison can influence status consumption in four lifestyle domains: clothing, eating, living, and travelling. Therefore, we conducted two separate studies with a sample of Chinese consumers. In Study 1, we investigated the effects of upward social comparison on status consumption in four domains by comparing participants with a specific individual. In Study 2, we examined the effects of upward social comparison on status consumption in four domains by comparing participants with a group. Additionally, Study 2 examined the mediating role of perceived self‐improvement and perceived superiority. The results revealed that participants exhibited higher purchase intentions and preferences for status products and services in four consumption domains when exposed to upward social comparison. Furthermore, the results also indicated that perceived self‐improvement and perceived superiority mediated the positive effects of status consumption in four domains under upward social comparison. These findings contribute to the broader applicability of compensatory consumption theory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This report describes a male skeleton recovered from the Samnite necropolis of Barrea (Abruzzo, 8th–5th century BCE), showing one malformed foot consistent with the diagnosis of unilateral congenital clubfoot associated with tarsal and tarsometatarsal coalitions in the same foot. This finding is particularly noteworthy because tarsal coalitions in congenital equinovarus foot have rarely been reported in medical literature, and to our knowledge, never in the paleopathological record. The recovery of this individual with impaired locomotion from a grave containing a complete array of weapons and armor sheds new light on the occupant's identity and social attitudes toward disabled people in Samnite society. In mortuary archaeology, the correlation between warrior burials and social identity in life of the dead in ancient times is a widely debated issue. Some scholars assert that the weapons in these graves suggest the existence of a warrior class; others propose that the military items of the burial assemblage indicate a high social status or significant power. This study suggests that in Samnite society, physical impairment did not prevent someone from being honored as a warrior or high‐status community member. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study discusses the relationship among various factors in English communication, including social presence, international posture (IP), willingness to communicate (WTC), second language learning motivation, and English proficiency. The hypothesis was that IP (having things to communicate to the world) would affect social presence, but WTC would augment its effect on social presence. To confirm this as well as the positioning of social presence in English learning, structural equation modeling was performed on the survey responses of 325 undergraduate students in Japan. The first model revealed that the path from IP to social presence was not significant but the indirect effect of WTC on social presence was. Since the model did not show a good fit, it was improved by eliminating the insignificant path and assuming covariance among the error variables. As a result, the final model showed a good fit. Within the same model, the path from IP to English proficiency via WTC and motivation and the path from IP to social presence via WTC were found to be moderately influential. In other words, the model explains that as IP increases, social presence via WTC and English proficiency via WTC and motivation also increase. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction Material and Methods Results Conclusions Hysterectomy is a common surgery with discernible practice variations that could be influenced by socioeconomic factors. We examined the association between level of educational attainment and the occurrence and timing of hysterectomy in Canadian women.We conducted a prospective cohort study of 30 496 females in the Alberta's Tomorrow Project (2000–2015) followed approximately every 4 years using self‐report questionnaires. Educational attainment was defined as high school diploma or less, college degree, university degree (reference group), and postgraduate degree. We used logistic regression analyzing hysterectomy occurrence at any time and before menopause, separately, and flexible parametric survival models analyzing hysterectomy timing with age as the time scale. Multivariable models controlled for race/ethnicity, rural/urban residence, parity, oral contraceptive use, and smoking.Overall, 39.1% of females reported a high school diploma or less, 28.9% reported a college degree, 23.5% reported a university degree, and 8.5% reported a postgraduate degree. A graded association was observed between lower education and higher odds of hysterectomy (high school or less: adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 1.68, 95% CI 1.55–1.82; college degree: AOR 1.58, 95% CI 1.45–1.72); results were similar for premenopausal hysterectomy. A graded association between lower education and earlier timing of hysterectomy was also observed up to approximately age 60 (e.g., at age 40: high school or less adjusted hazard ratio [AHR] 1.61, 95% CI 1.49–1.75; college degree AHR 1.53, 95% CI 1.40–1.67).Women with lower levels of education were more likely to experience hysterectomy, including hysterectomy before menopause and at younger ages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Older people have been overlooked in recent debates over the relationship between age, class and culture despite their prevalence and the conceptual questions they raise. Seeking to bridge mainstream class analysis with debates in social gerontology, especially via a shared turn to Pierre Bourdieu's relational sociology, this paper draws on survey data from the US to examine not only the class position of older people but their internal social and cultural differentiation. I use geometric data analysis to construct a model of the class system, locate older people within it and then explore differences among older people. I then proceed to compare the cultural symbolisations of social positions among older people to those of the larger sample. The core structures of social and cultural differentiation among older people are roughly homologous with those of the broader sample, but there are also notable differences and even inversions pointing toward the specificity – and autonomy – of ageing as a principle of difference and practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Various branches of the literature suggest that exposure to the high‐status appearances and lifestyles of politicians in contemporary "diploma democracies" affects the attitudes and behavior of less‐educated citizens because it confronts them with their lower status in the political domain. Informed by this, we theorize that such exposure inspires docility (a lower subjective social status, weaker feelings of political entitlement) and revolt (anger, more support for aggression against government). To investigate this, we conducted an original, pre‐registered, video‐vignette survey experiment among a representative sample of the Dutch population. While our findings likely generalize to other liberal democracies, the Dutch context is suitable to test our theorizing because low‐status and high‐status appearances and lifestyles are found across the political arena, irrespective of politicians' substantive positions or use of populist rhetoric. Each less‐educated respondent (n = 1390) was presented with a professionally produced video of an actor playing the part of a fictitious politician. This politician signaled either a low or a high status via his appearance and lifestyle. The potentially confounding factors of his substantive positions and populist rhetoric were randomized and controlled for. We find that exposure to the high‐status politician increased less‐educated citizens' support for aggression against the government. Through exploratory analyses, we assess how the responses of docility and revolt are interrelated, and how they are shaped by less‐educated citizens' economic status. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research on skin tone bias (i.e., bias against members of the same racial group with different skin tones) has been conducted mostly with Black/White targets. We tested skin tone bias with East Asian (Korean) targets and investigated its possible mechanisms. In Study 1, comparisons of impressions between targets with different skin tones (darker‐, medium‐, and lighter‐skinned) showed statistically significant differences in warmth, competence, morality, cleanliness, dangerousness, strongness, and social status. Study 2 revealed that lighter‐skinned Koreans were perceived to be more similar to Whites (vs. Blacks or South Asians), but this perceived similarity did not explain the effect of skin tone on impression ratings. In Study 3, participants showed associations of darker (vs. lighter) skin with rural (vs. urban) areas and with blue‐collar (vs. white‐collar) jobs. However, these associations explained only the skin tone effects on dangerousness. This research demonstrated skin tone bias with East Asian participants and targets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although actual experiences of upward social mobility are historically low, many adolescents and adults express a belief in social mobility (e.g., that social status can change). Although a belief in upward mobility (e.g., that status can improve) can be helpful for economically disadvantaged adolescents and adults, a belief in upward social mobility in adults is also associated with greater acceptance of societal inequality. While this belief might have similar benefits or consequences in children, no previous work has examined whether children are even capable of reasoning about social mobility. This is surprising, given that elementary‐aged children exhibit sophisticated reasoning about both social status, as well as about the fixedness or malleability of properties and group membership. Across an economically advantaged group of 5‐ to 12‐year‐old American children (N = 151, Mage = 8.91, 63% racial majority, 25% racially marginalized; Mhousehold income = $133,064), we found evidence that children can reason about social mobility for their own families and for others. Similar to research in adults, children believe that others are more likely to experience upward than downward mobility. However, in contrast to adult's typical beliefs—but in line with economic realities—between 7‐ and 9‐years‐old, children become less likely to expect upward mobility for economically disadvantaged, versus advantaged, families. In sum, children are capable of reasoning about social mobility in nuanced ways; future work should explore the implications of these beliefs. Research Highlights: Despite harsh economic realities, a belief in upward social mobility and the American Dream is alive and well.Between 7 and 9 years of age, economically advantaged, American children begin to expect economically disadvantaged families to experience less upward mobility than economically advantaged families.Children's beliefs about social mobility better accord with reality than adults' do. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper we introduce the concept of 'domestic colonisation' as a contribution to the literature on critical geographies of home. This provides a lens to focus on the ways in which domestic spaces might be exploited and/or dominated though familiar relationships. With reference to two research projects in North East England, we explore everyday occupations and sieges of home‐spaces by neighbours as a means of reinforcing positions of relative social advantage. We show how these experiences become overwhelming through the intrusion of home‐spaces and (with it) the life worlds of already structurally vulnerable(ised) communities. Domestic colonisation allows us to think through both the damage done through/to the home and connections beyond those spaces. To do this we focus on 'home takeovers' (or 'cuckooing') and 'hate relationships'. Our work on cuckooing shows how the occupation and control of the home by those who re‐produce and seize upon structurally vulnerable(ised) people, is a process which re‐configures the home as an exploitable resource. Understandings of home and intimate social relationships as 'private', combined with complexities regarding culpability, conceal the damage done in contexts of diminished social infrastructure. With reference to our work on hate relationships, we outline how homes are a means of identifying and targeting those who become subjected to a range of hateful acts. This produces everyday spaces of siege and entrapment that control, immobilise and are difficult to escape. Formal interventions are unable to adequately support those victimised through lack of recognition, misrecognition as atomised disputes and a tendency to (re)move those victimised. We end by questioning how we might better address the needs of those subjected to such harms, with an emphasis on the relational production of the home. In this paper we introduce the concept of 'domestic colonisation' as a contribution to the literature on critical geographies of home. This provides a lens to focus on the ways in which domestic spaces might be exploited and/or dominated though familiar relationships. With reference to two research projects in North East England, we explore everyday occupations and sieges of home‐spaces by neighbours as a means of reinforcing positions of relative social advantage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores the concept of caring masculinities in Europe, challenging traditional gender norms and advocating for gender justice. It discusses the historical undervaluing of care work primarily attributed to women and the need for new care arrangements in modern societies. The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the vulnerability of the care infrastructure and the unequal distribution of care work, but it has also presented an opportunity for men to become more involved in caregiving. The article emphasizes the importance of men's participation in care duties for achieving gender equality and positive social change. The text discusses the concept of caring masculinities, exploring the impact of gender policies, the role of men in care professions, and the expectations of organizations regarding men's caregiving. It acknowledges that not all men who engage in care work necessarily hold gender-equality norms and calls for further research on men's caregiving practices and policy changes to promote gender equality in care work. [Extracted from the article]

Background: Social anxiety (SA) is characterized by concerns about the expected occurrence (probability) and anticipated distress (cost) of social threats. Unclear is whether SA correlates specifically with biased expectations of belongingness or status threats. Aims: We aimed to discern if SA is uniquely tied to biased expectancies of either belongingness or status threats. Materials and Methods: We assessed 757 participants' perceptions of exclusion and put‐down scenarios, analysing associations between SA and threat perceptions. Discussion: Our findings support the status‐sensitivity hypothesis, suggesting individuals with high SA are particularly attuned to the perceived cost of status threats, potentially informing treatment approaches. Conclusion: Understanding SA's link to status concerns enhances therapeutic strategies, emphasizing the need to address status‐related situations, cognitions, and emotions in interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The transitions individuals make between roles are critical for navigating professional and private life domains. These role transitions involve physical and psychological movements between positions and statuses in social structures. Today, digital technologies are becoming increasingly pivotal in these transitions. However, neither existing theory on role transitions nor recent contributions to the digital transformation literature have unpacked the connection between digital technologies and role transitioning. Based on a qualitative inquiry involving knowledge workers from the Global South, we develop the concepts of role emancipation, role confinement, and role conflation and examine how these types of role transitioning relate to the capabilities of digital technologies. We find that digital technologies can introduce levels of rigidity or flexibility that, in turn, either solidify or soften the domain boundaries influencing work‐life role transitions in the context of digital transformation. We abstract these ideas into a theoretical model and chart a course for consolidating a 'micro‐level of analysis frontier' within digital transformation research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Examine the literature on the experiences of living with removable dentures (complete or partial) to identify any gaps and provide a map for future research. Background: Increasing proportions of society are living partially dentate with some form of restoration, including removable dentures. Previous studies have reported on the location, materials and usage of these prostheses, along with effects on oral‐health‐related quality of life (OHRQoL). However, less is known about experiences with removable dentures from a patient‐centred perspective. Methods: A scoping review of the qualitative literature was undertaken using the framework of Arksey and O'Malley, updated by Levac et al. Literature searches were carried out using Medline and Web of Science. Papers were screened by title and abstract using inclusion and exclusion criteria. Remaining papers were read in full and excluded if they did not meet the required criteria. Nine papers were included in the final review. Findings: Key themes from these papers were: impact of tooth loss and living without teeth, and its impacts in relation to social position, appearance, confidence and function (chewing and speaking); social norms and tooth loss, including attitudes to tooth retention and treatment costs, and changes in intergenerational norms towards dentures; expectations of treatment, including patients being more involved in decision making, viewing the denture as a "gift" and dentures helping to achieve "an ideal"; living with a removable denture (complete or partial), including patient preparedness for a denture, adaptation and impacts on activities and participation; and the dentist‐patient relationship, including issues with information and communication, and differing priorities between patients and dentists. Conclusion: Little qualitative research exists on experiences of living with a removable denture. Existing literature demonstrates the importance of dispersed activities in differing social, spatial and temporal contexts when wearing removable dentures. Focusing on processes of positive adaptation to dentures and OHRQoL, rather than deficits, is also required to fully understand patients' experiences. Additionally, more complex technological advances may not always be in the best interest of every patient. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the service mode selection strategy of a ride‐hailing platform and analyzes the impact of the strategy on consumers and drivers. The platform has three service modes to select from, including Mode L (only low‐quality services), Mode H (only high‐quality services), and Mode HL (high‐ and low‐quality services). We find that each service mode does not affect the price and the wage of the low‐quality service but affects those of the high‐quality service. Additionally, the platform cannot optimally select Mode L. The platform is better off if the car quality difference between high‐ and low‐quality services (CQD) is small and is worse off otherwise, under Mode HL. Counter‐intuitively, it is conditional for Mode HL to bring the highest surpluses to both consumers and drivers, and the conditions are related to CQD, social status utility of consumers and cost ratio between the drivers providing the two types of services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, “queer joy” has become a prominent topic in queer circles in the West. It refers to a defiant sense of joy felt by LGBTQ + people in the face of an increasingly hostile environment. However, the political use of queer joy has a troubling history. In Iceland, the LGBTQ + movement has worked under the banner of joy since the turn of the century. This is encapsulated in the Reykjavík pride parade, which has, since its inception in 2000, been referred to as “The March of Joy.” This March has been a massive success. Recent parades have seen up to a hundred thousand people participate, a fourth of the Icelandic population. During the same period, the legal and social status of some Icelandic LGBTQ + people has improved vastly. Employing a queer‐historical and affect‐theoretical stance, this article analyzes the problematic side of this development. It traces how the national celebration of LGBTQ + people's joy has shifted the Icelandic national imaginary, strengthened Icelandic (homo)nationalism, and contributed to a forgetting and erasing of the past. While drawing some LGBTQ + people into the national imaginary, joy has excluded others, both critical, non‐homonormative queers and immigrants stereotyped as at once backwards, joyless, and homophobic. This shows both the potential power of queer joy and the dangers inherent in its political use. Queer joy, if it is to have its intended effect, must be radical, intersectional, and defiantly queer from the start. Inspiration for such queer joy may, we suggest, be drawn from the figure of the queer killjoy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Kinship plays a role at the grassroots of social organization, especially in the Shang and Zhou dynasties, which is an important research topic in China. However, the relationship between diet and the social status of kinship and kinship members has been little explored in previous studies. In this article, 52 skeletal bone collagen samples from humans and buried dogs from three different kinships in the Xisima cemetery in China were analysed by stable C and N isotope analysis to reveal dietary strategies, and thus explore subsistence patterns and social structure. Overall, the mean human δ13C was −8.4‰ ± 1.3‰ (n = 44), with a range of −10.0‰ to −7.4‰, and the mean δ15N was 9.0‰ ± 0.7‰ (n = 44), with a wide range of 7.9–11.1‰, which shows that C4 food dominates people’s diet, and that their diet was varied. There are differences in diet and rank among different kinships. Similar situations exist among kinship members based on platforms. Along with previous research, this study provides unprecedented dietary details of different social stratification from martyrs, common people and small nobles to high‐ranking nobles in order to better understand the hierarchical Shang and Zhou dynasties society based on kinship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper applies a conjoint experiment to assess the sources of contemporary social status hierarchies in Western Europe. Social status has become a popular concept in political science to explain resentment against economic and cultural transformations. However, we do not know whether cultural sources like race and gender have an independent causal effect on social status perceptions. Furthermore, these characteristics may be more contested between societal subgroups and thus have a weaker stratifying effect than income or occupation. This study employs an innovative conjoint experiment, conducted in Switzerland, to systematically assess the multidimensional sources of status. The design asks respondents to place profiles with randomized criteria and thus captures intersubjective status perceptions. In contrast to evaluating one's own placement on the social status hierarchy, placing others provides more accurate insights about the structural force of social status. The results show that both economic and cultural sources strongly shape social status, with occupation, race/ethnicity and income being most important. Furthermore, different subgroups agree on the hierarchy no matter their own status. This study helps to understand the structural roots of political resentment by showing that both cultural and economic inequalities are recognized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Friedrich Wegener was the author of a comprehensive description of a disease that was named Wegener's granulomatosis. In 2010, its name was changed to granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA), the reason being that Wegener's links to Nazism were revealed. The research was conducted between May 2021 and August 2023 and was based on the historical method (understood as defining the subject of research, critical analysis of collected historical source materials, and historiographical synthesis) using the methods of direct and indirect inference ascribed to the historical method. Wegener and his wife were members of numerous Nazi organizations. He was rewarded for his stance by the German Reich. Together with his family, he lived in very comfortable conditions for the standards of the time, unattainable for the average person. He described himself as a frontline combatant in the Nazi invasion of Poland. Friedrich Wegener's links with Nazism were more extensive than has hitherto been known. The links involved his professional and private life. They testify to his membership in numerous Nazi organizations, as well as his active involvement in the activities of various institutions and communities of the German Reich and his overt expression of support for Hitler. Wegener's numerous accolades from the German Reich providing him with professional, material and personal benefits were proof of his links with the Nazi movement. Wegener's association with Nazism helped him to advance his career, and to attain a high social status and quality of life, both before the outbreak and during the Second World War. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Resource quality is an important concept in ecology and evolution that attempts to capture the fitness benefits a resource affords to an organism. Yet "quality" is a multivariate concept, potentially affected by many variables pertaining to the resource, its surroundings, and the resource chooser. Researchers often use a small number of proxy variables to simplify their estimation of resource quality, but without vetting their proxies against a wider set of potential quality estimators this approach risks overlooking potentially important characteristics that can explain patterns of resource use in their study systems. Here we used Neolamprologus multifasciatus, a group‐living cichlid fish that utilizes empty snail shells as shelter resources, to examine how shells were used by, and partitioned among, group members in relation to a range of attributes, including shell size, intactness, texture, spatial position, and usage by heterospecifics. This approach generated a comprehensive picture of what characteristics contribute to the attractiveness and quality of each shell resource, confirming the importance of two previously proposed shell characteristics, size and intactness, but highlighting the influences of other unexplored variables, including shell spatial position and usage by heterospecifics. We also present a generally applicable "resource attractiveness index" as a means to estimate resource quality based on resource choice data. This index incorporates information from any number of resource characteristics and is of particular use when researchers wish to quantify resource value, but many characteristics jointly contribute to the value and attractiveness of the resource. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Citizens are embedded in legal systems in which the authority of different experts is normally given preference over citizens' opinions about medical marijuana and other medical issues. Yet, citizens may reject expert authority if they consider themselves to be competent based on their knowledge or social position. Thus, we are led to ask: In the context of direct democracy, what forms of expert authority—if any—does a historically privileged subset of citizens recognize when reasoning about medical marijuana? Our analysis is based on rich‐qualitative data that analyzes how white male citizens reason about a medical marijuana ballot initiative in Arizona. By using a comprehensive content coding of citizens' arguments about the ballot initiative, we analyze how this privileged subset of citizens reasons about following or ignoring various authorities on the issue of medical marijuana. The article uses an exploratory abductive analysis of secondary semi‐structured interview data to understand citizens' reasoning on this issue and to expand theories of expert authority in direct democratic settings. We find a variety of different ways in which white male citizens accept or reject expert medical authority on medical marijuana in the context of Arizona Proposition 203 (2010). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Peer status is associated with social functioning throughout childhood and adolescence, but little is known about its' long‐term implications. This study examined longitudinal associations of childhood and adolescent popularity with social behavior and status in emerging adulthood. In line with concurrent associations of popularity with social behavior, we hypothesized that childhood popularity would be associated with a positive, prosocial profile, and adolescent popularity would be associated with a powerful and forceful profile. As research has shown curvilinear associations of popularity with aggression in childhood and adolescence, we also examined whether longitudinal associations were curvilinear. Peer‐nominated popularity was measured at 9 and 16 years of age for 118 longitudinal participants. At age 24, they participated in a survey and an online video call session together with three unfamiliar peers, after which everyone in the session rated each other's social behavior. Results showed significant curvilinear associations of childhood and adolescent popularity with emerging adult social behavior and status. Childhood popularity was associated with positive, prosocial behavior and status indicators, showing that in addition to high childhood popularity, also low childhood popularity was associated with higher peer‐reported positive, prosocial behavior. High adolescent popularity was associated with both positive, prosocial, and powerful and forceful behavior and status indicators, with especially low adolescent popularity associated with lower levels of these behaviors and status in emerging adulthood. Childhood and adolescent popularity were thus uniquely and differentially associated with social behavior and status in emerging adulthood. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This symposium, published in the International Journal of Psychology, presents self-report studies from four countries that explore various aspects of family relationships in adulthood. Topics covered include intergenerational relationships in long-distance families, the significance of gratitude and indebtedness in supporting parents, the role of felt obligation and perceived reciprocity in support between mothers and adult children, the meaning of a sense of indebtedness towards parents in migrant and non-migrant families, and the impact of perceived parental differential treatment on sibling relationships. The findings have implications for family intervention and well-being. Additionally, this study examines the associations between childhood threats (parental abuse and bullying victimization) and cognitive difficulties in later life, with family functioning playing a mediating role. The findings suggest that frequent experiences of childhood threats are associated with higher levels of cognitive difficulties in later life, and family functioning mediates these relationships, particularly among older women. These findings emphasize the importance of gender-specific interventions to mitigate the negative effects of childhood threats on family outcomes and promote cognitive health in later life. [Extracted from the article]

Many animals build structures that are used for shelter, reproduction or to capture prey. The type of material used to build these structures is likely to influence their solidity, thermoregulation capacity and, in some species, may influence the attractiveness of the builders. In the case of animal nests, evidence for preference of nesting material has been documented in several species but, to date, few field experiments have been conducted, and it was seldom investigated whether individuals' attributes affected those preferences. We investigated these preferences in relation to individual attributes on sociable weavers (Philetairus socius) that build communally one of the largest known nest structures, using dry grass. We conducted an experiment where we presented two piles of straws, long and short, to wild individuals. We recorded 900 h of video and used a deep learning method to automatically detect images where birds were present (266 colour‐ringed individuals). Our results showed that males picked more straws than females and showed a preference for longer straws, while no preference was found for females. In addition, older males showed a preference for long straws compared to younger males. Finally, males displayed higher repeatability than females in their preference for longer straws. In conclusion, we show that choice of nesting material is not random, and that preferences are associated with individual attributes. Future studies should assess how building is associated with social status, mating and reproductive success of the individuals building, to investigate which of these factors could have shaped the evolution of these preferences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite a greater percentage of women in the healthcare workforce, women are underrepresented in leadership positions. Researchers have examined the influence of gender on women involvement in policy‐making and leadership in male‐dominated professions. However, no research has explored nurses' perspectives about the role of gender in impacting their involvement in health policymaking in female‐dominant profession. This study explores nurse leaders' perspectives on how gender can influence their involvement in health policymaking in Pakistan. Eleven nurse leaders with at least 1 year of experience in policymaking participated in semi‐structured interviews. The data were analyzed using reflexive thematic analysis. Four themes emerged: Patriarchy Permeates Health Policymaking; Women's Social Status and Nurses' Involvement in Policymaking; Intentionally Disregarding Nurses' Insights on Policy Forums; Condescending Attitudes Towards Women Nurses on Policy Forums. The underrepresentation of nurses in health policymaking is influenced by gender and social biases and stereotypes against women and the negative social image of the nursing profession. Health‐care organizations must play an active role and develop policies to combat gender‐based discrimination and curb the underrepresentation of nurses in healthcare policymaking. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper examines how relational positivity and negativity within personal networks shape the return experiences of Hungarian migrants. Previous studies have hinted at the potential ‘dark side’ to personal networks for returnees, but no research has explored how different types of positive and negative ties impact return experiences. To address this gap, the study collected personal network data from 69 returning migrants in Hungary and analysed the effects of social support, relational negativity, and ambivalence on their self‐evaluated return experience score. The findings reveal that migrants' return experiences are significantly influenced by both relational positivity and negativity, affected by factors such as relational context, emotional closeness, geographical location, and social status. Particularly, relationships with family members and romantic partners are susceptible to relational negativity, which can adversely affect return experiences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This research investigated the effect of social class on personal control beliefs. Background: Differences in personal control beliefs serve as a central theoretical explanation for social class differences in cognition, emotion, and behavior. However, prior empirical research has not yet conclusively demonstrated that personal control beliefs differ between social classes. Method: Across four studies (total N = 138,417), we investigated the link between social class and personal control beliefs with well‐established measures of social class (e.g., ISEI, McArthur Scale),representative samples, and data that allow for causal conclusions (e.g., experimental, and longitudinal data). Results: We found that (a) higher social class was associated with higher personal control beliefs across 60 countries. Furthermore, we observed that (b) higher social class of parents was associated with higher personal control beliefs in their children, and that (c) experimentally induced higher (vs. lower) social class led to increases (vs. decreases) of personal control beliefs. Conclusions: Individuals from lower social classes consistently have weaker personal control beliefs than individuals from upper social classes. Social class differences in this fundamental personality characteristic are bound to have important consequences in various life domains (e.g., psychological and physical well‐being, and academic success). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Women in developing countries are often characterized by lower social status, less input into decision‐making, lack of access to resources, and lower mobility, while their inclusion is vital to achieving household food security. This concept is recognized as important for attaining sustainable development goals (SDGs), including SDG‐5 (gender equality). This study investigated the level of women's empowerment (WE) and its determinants, household food security, and the connections between WE and food security in farming households in Bangladesh. Using primary data collected from 350 households and applying the modified project‐level WE in Agriculture Index, this study found that less than 1% of women were empowered. Poisson regression evidenced that women's years of schooling, household size, farm type, and having household members working away were positively associated with WE, while the farm's distance from home was negatively related. The Household Food Insecurity Access Scale revealed that only 18% of households were food secure. Partial least squares structural equation modeling showed that three domains of empowerment—access to decisions on financial services, input in agricultural decisions, and ownership of assets—were negatively associated with household food insecurity, while mobility was positively related. This study shows, a realistic policy is needed to achieve food security through empowering rural women to achieve SDGs in a timely manner. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Whether the 'democratization' of consumption during the early modern period was specifically a characteristic of the European economic shift or observable in other parts of the world remains a central question in understanding the early roots of consumerism, as well as explaining pre‐industrial growth and divergence. However, the scarcity of quantitative evidence from the non‐Western world limits our ability to make comparisons and grasp the nature of changes that occurred in the material environment. Based on a sample of 380 probate inventories from the Ottoman town of Üsküdar, this paper examines the change in possession of domestic goods from 1700 to 1850. It reveals that, from the 1760s onwards, ordinary Ottomans in the town, who were neither wealthier nor better positioned in the social hierarchy compared with their ancestors in 1700, owned a greater quantity and variety of domestic goods. As a result, they enjoyed richer and more elaborate domestic interiors. The findings strongly suggest that democratization of consumer goods, a hallmark of the early modern consumer revolutions in Europe, was experienced in the Ottoman town of Üsküdar during the second half of the eighteenth century. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dominance is a primary determinant of social dynamics and resource access in social animals. Recent studies show that dominance is also reflected in the gene regulatory profiles of peripheral immune cells. However, the strength and direction of this relationship differs across the species and sex combinations investigated, potentially due to variation in the predictors and energetic consequences of dominance status. Here, we investigated the association between social status and gene expression in the blood of wild meerkats (Suricata suricatta; n = 113 individuals), including in response to lipopolysaccharide, Gardiquimod (an agonist of TLR7, which detects single‐stranded RNA in vivo) and glucocorticoid stimulation. Meerkats are cooperatively breeding social carnivores in which breeding females physically outcompete other females to suppress reproduction, resulting in high reproductive skew. They therefore present an opportunity to disentangle the effects of social dominance from those of sex per se. We identify a sex‐specific signature of dominance, including 1045 differentially expressed genes in females but none in males. Dominant females exhibit elevated activity in innate immune pathways and a larger fold‐change response to LPS challenge. Based on these results and a preliminary comparison to other mammals, we speculate that the gene regulatory signature of social status in the immune system depends on the determinants and energetic costs of social dominance, such that it is most pronounced in hierarchies where physical competition is important and reproductive skew is large. Such a pattern has the potential to mediate life history trade‐offs between investment in reproduction versus somatic maintenance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines the relationship between ethnic endogamy and socioeconomic status (SES) within the socioeconomically divergent Jewish and Native‐Chilean Mapuche communities of Santiago, Chile. By leveraging the Hispanic naming convention to analyze dual ethnic surnames, we trace endogamy patterns across comprehensive datasets that go back to 1884 up to the present. Our quantile regression analysis reveals that individuals from the lower SES brackets of the Jewish community and the higher brackets of the Mapuche community are more likely to have mixed ethnic backgrounds. This finding shows a nuanced interplay between socioeconomic standing and marital choices, suggesting that these factors significantly influence the persistence and transformation of SES within minority groups. The study introduces the Ecological Model of Ethnic Disaffiliation, providing a theoretical framework that explains how socioeconomic outliers within ethnic groups could lead to a narrowing of their socioeconomic range over generations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In teleosts, GnRH1 neurons stand at the apex of the Hypothalamo‐Pituitary‐Gonadal (HPG) axis, which is responsible for the production of sex steroids by the gonads (notably, androgens). To exert their actions, androgens need to bind to their specific receptors, called androgen receptors (ARs). Due to a teleost‐specific whole genome duplication, A. burtoni possess two AR paralogs (ARα and ARβ) that are encoded by two different genes, ar1 and ar2, respectively. In A. burtoni, males stratify along dominance hierarchies, in which an individuals' social status determines its physiology and behavior. GnRH1 neurons have been strongly linked with dominance and circulating androgen levels. Similarly, GnRH3 neurons are implicated in the display of male specific behaviors. Some studies have shown that these GnRH neurons are responsive to fluctuations in circulating androgens levels, suggesting a link between GnRH neurons and ARs. While female A. burtoni do not naturally form a social hierarchy, their reproductive state is positively correlated to androgen levels and GnRH1 neuron size. Although there are reports related to the expression of ar genes in GnRH neurons in cichlid species, the expression of each ar gene remains inconclusive due to technical limitations. Here, we used immunohistochemistry, in situ hybridization chain reaction (HCR), and spatial transcriptomics to investigate ar1 and ar2 expression specifically in GnRH neurons. We find that all GnRH1 neurons intensely express ar1 but only a few of them express ar2, suggesting the presence of genetically‐distinct GnRH1 subtypes. Very few ar1 and ar2 transcripts were found in GnRH2 neurons. GnRH3 neurons were found to express both ar genes. The presence of distinct ar genes within GnRH neuron subtypes, most clearly observed for GnRH1 neurons, suggests differential control of these neurons by androgenic signaling. These findings provide valuable insight for future studies aimed at disentangling the androgenic control of GnRH neuron plasticity and reproductive plasticity across teleosts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Little is known about how insecure attachment affects aggressive behavior and well‐being among Vietnamese youth. Using structural equation modeling, we investigate the mediating role of subjective social status (SSS) on the paths from insecure attachment to overt aggressive behavior (OAB) and psychological well‐being (PW) in a sample of 1753 Vietnamese adolescents (Mage = 16.136, SD = 0.784) and test whether the results will be replicated in another sample of 601 Vietnamese young adults (Mage = 19.93, SD = 1.35). Participants complete a survey comprising demographic information, attachment styles, SSS, OAB, and PW questionnaires. Our main findings include: (a) anxious attachment positively related to OAB in both samples, (b) anxious attachment was only negatively associated with adolescents' PW, (c) avoidant attachment was positively correlated to OAB in adolescents but negatively correlated in young adults, and (d) avoidant attachment was negatively related to PW in both samples. In addition, (e) in adolescents, the mediation role of SSS was significant in all paths, but (f) SSS only mediated the link from avoidant attachment to PW of young adults. The present study suggests that aggressive behavior might not be associated with social status or attachment in the same way in adolescents compared to young adult Vietnamese samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article explores the concept of "slow-clap" behaviors, which are actions that are morally right but may not be seen as praiseworthy. The author argues that these behaviors are often overlooked in discussions of moral worth and proposes further investigation into the topic. The text also discusses the importance of adequate caring and understanding in moral decision-making, as well as the limitations individuals may face in promoting certain behaviors. The author suggests that while some behaviors may go beyond the minimum and deserve praise, not all required actions necessarily deserve recognition. [Extracted from the article]

Public Significance Drawing upon three waves of micro‐level data from the Chinese General Social Survey (CGSS) collected during the period of 2015 to 2018, the study empirically examines the relationship between voting participation in grassroots elections and individual‐level SWB in rural China. The empirical results indicate that those rural residents who participated in villagers’ committee elections are associated with higher levels of SWB. Furthermore, the findings based on partial least square structural equation modeling (PLS‐SEM) also reveal that the positive relationship between rural residents’ voting participation and their SWB is mediated by a chain effect of subjective social class and perceived social fairness. Significant heterogeneity of such mediation roles across different demographic groups is detected. The findings of this research highlight the importance of promoting the engagement of residents in grassroots‐level elections as a means of enhancing social harmony.This study demonstrates that voting participation in rural elections in China is associated with individual subjective well‐being, with this effect mediated by individual social status and sense of fairness. These findings underscore the importance of civic engagement in promoting personal well‐being, highlighting the need for policies that encourage widespread participation in grassroots governance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years there has been much interest in investigating the extent to which social status or prestige are related to an individual's degree of integration in social networks. It has been shown that, among hunter‐gatherers, social characteristics of an individual based on social status or prestige, such foraging reputation, friendship popularity, and pro‐social reputation, can influence the extent to which an individual is embedded in a social network. However, little is known regarding the extent to which height, a physical trait that in Western societies is often associated with social status, is associated in integration in social networks among small‐scale hunter gatherers. Here, we investigated the relationship between height and a position an individual occupies in proximity networks among Hadza men (n = 30), hunter‐gatherers living in Northern Tanzania. The results of our study show that height is not related to the position an individual maintains in proximity networks. We argue that, in a relatively egalitarian small‐scale hunter‐gatherer societies such as the Hadza, social interactions driving proximity networks might be influenced by social traits, such as popularity and hunting reputation, rather than physical traits, such as height. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Which domain of life evaluation is more important? Using a large‐scale public sample of 1888 adults from the United States (880 males, 1008 females; Mage = 53.28), we addressed this question by comparing the predictive strength of six domains of life evaluations on overall life evaluation as well as biomarkers of inflammation. Specifically, we examined individuals' self‐rated evaluations of the domains of social belonging, romantic relationships, work, subjective social status, self‐esteem and finances, and we examined biological inflammation using an index of five biomarkers of inflammation: interleukin‐6, fibrinogen, C‐reactive protein, E‐selectin and intercellular adhesion molecule 1. Adjusting for demographic variability, romantic evaluation, work evaluation, self‐esteem and financial evaluation were equally and uniquely predictive of overall life evaluation. Social belonging remained predictive but was relatively weaker in magnitude, while subjective social status was no longer a significant predictor. Conversely, only financial evaluation was significantly linked to reduced biomarkers of inflammation. The findings suggest that depending on domain‐specificity and whether well‐being is assessed via subjective or objective indicators, links between life evaluations and well‐being may show substantial nuance. In particular, financial evaluation appears to have unique links to biomarkers of inflammation even after accounting for other domains of life evaluations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article focuses on ethnic hierarchies found within highly educated migrant women working in Istanbul traced through their everyday urban practices. It introduces the stratified and comparative results of migration and resettlement of those from the Global North and the Global South through a comprehensive analysis on their urban lives, including their social positionings, preferences of neighbourhoods and daily patterns of their use of the city. Contrary to the common conception that skilled migrants are privileged, our research reveals inequalities and discriminatory practices they face that intersect with gender, nationality and ethnicity. Our research, based on qualitative analyses of in‐depth interviews along with online subjective mapping representing use of the city, also reveals that regardless of their origin and identity, almost all our participants experience verbal/physical sexual harassment or discrimination in public space in Istanbul, which forces women to produce spatial tactics of everyday life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines transnational social positioning through a family lens. Based on interviews with people who moved to Germany as young adults, we show that socialization and expectations in families coin individual understandings of success as an important baseline for social positioning, while migration challenges these understandings and social position evaluations in complex ways. With a specific focus on evolving processes of social comparison, we look at the role of the family in shaping three forms of transnational social position: (i) transnational status paradox, (ii) attached transnational social positions, and (iii) detached transnational social positions. By demonstrating the various ways in which family relationships affect social positioning in migration contexts, this study contributes to discussions on the links between migration and perceptions of social position, and to our understanding of transnational social structures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the influence of class on migrants' social positioning strategies in transnational spaces. It contributes to debates about the processes of transnational class‐making and class formation. Going beyond an analysis of class in socio‐economic terms, the paper focuses on peoples' (changing) subjective understandings of middle‐class membership as a relevant factor in migrants' transnational social positioning strategies. Based on qualitative interview data with middle‐class migrants in Germany, the presentation relates their experiences with downward social mobility before and after migration to their subjective perspectives on middle‐class membership over time and in different places. The findings show that middle‐class performance is shaped by migration experiences but also shapes peoples' mobility trajectories and therefore influences and promotes different transnational lifestyles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores and discusses some aspects of autoethnographies from a published collection written by working‐class academics. The original objective was for each academic to write an account of their life and their experiences of becoming who they are in an industry steeped in elitism. I was interested in how they experienced becoming a working‐class academic, what their journeys had been like, and how they navigated their way into their professional roles. I was also curious about their identities and if they continued to identify as working class, or if their social positioning and/or identities have undergone change. The autoethnographies are powerful and deeply personal accounts of the working‐class academics' lives; they make a significant contribution to the field of research on higher education by providing unique insight into personal experiences. Within this article I have explored some of the accounts and considered how the academics overcame, for example, feelings of failure from previous educational experiences, feelings of (un)belonging and tackling imposterism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examined how and when employee perceptions of change fairness increase their engagement in innovative behavior during organizational change. Drawing upon fairness heuristic theory, we suggest that change fairness plays a pivotal role as a key heuristic about trustworthiness of leaders and managers in motivating employees to engage in innovative behavior. We also suggest that this change fairness effect becomes stronger or weaker depending on social contexts (change norms, change norm strength, and status differentiation) within a group. Our findings from survey data (N = 318; 35 teams) supported our hypotheses, showing that change fairness is positively related to innovative behavior and that this relationship becomes weaker when (a) group members demonstrate supportive behaviors for the planned change on average (positive change norms), (b) all group members uniformly demonstrate change‐supportive behaviors (strong change norms), and (c) group members' social status perceptions are similar (low status differentiation). We provide insights into theory development and change implementation in practice by highlighting the crucial role of fairness as a key decision heuristic about the trustworthiness of management and demonstrating how social contexts substitute the fairness effect on innovative behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Workplace learning and development is crucial for sustained employability, especially for people with limited work capacity (LWC). We explored the development in cognitive functioning and work behaviour of people with LWC and to which extent this is moderated by workplace acceptance and support. As suggested in literature, acceptance and support concern pre‐conditions for development. Therefore, we expected them to influence the development of our target group. In total, 182 people with LWC and 172 workplace mentors provided data on dimensions of cognitive functioning and work behaviour on three time‐points over 4 months. Furthermore, people with LWC provided data on workplace acceptance and support. Results showed significant development over time for both, self‐ and observer‐rated cognitive functioning, such as planning and organising, learning and memory, problem solving, and for self‐rated adaptability and concentration. Development over time emerged for the self‐rated work pace, a work behaviour dimension. Moreover, the growth curves on self‐rated variables such as learning and memory, work accuracy, social behaviour and work pace were moderated by workplace acceptance and support. This study provides initial insight into growth patterns of cognitive functioning and work behaviour of people with LWC and illustrates the relevance of a supportive climate for development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Indian gender advocacy has been criticised for promoting individualistic neoliberal solutions to issues requiring structural change. Such solutions are most accessible to middle‐class women and their dominance in gender advocacy is attributed to the middle‐class viewership of campaigns. Few studies have researched how this intended audience responds to such messages. As patriarchy benefits men, it is also important to understand how gender intersects with social class to shape responses. Accordingly, this research explores the reception of neoliberal feminist ideals in Indian gender advocacy amongst an urban middle‐class audience of 25 participants, comprising of 13 women and 12 men in Bengaluru, India. The theoretical and methodological framework is the social representations theory. Participants viewed three campaign videos and undertook semi‐structured interviews. Thematic analysis was employed to explore their perceptions of the causes and solutions to the issues portrayed in the campaigns, leading to three themes being identified. In the theme of 'individuals', participants held women responsible for resisting oppression. In the theme of 'culture', participants viewed culture as a cause of patriarchy, with cultural change seen as a solution. In the theme of 'institutions', participants discussed institutional sexism but were pessimistic about institutional reform. These findings suggest that whilst patriarchy is blamed on cultural norms and institutional failure, solutions are often conceived in terms of self‐transformation of individual women. These results are situated in social representations' theoretical premise of themata and positioning to analyse how social locations like gender, class and regional identity were mobilised by participants to contest or maintain a neoliberal feminist ideology. Please refer to the Supplementary Material section to find this article's Community and Social Impact Statement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This study examined the effect of cognitive bias modification for interpretation (CBM‐I) training in Korean women with eating disorders (EDs). Method: Sixty‐three women with EDs participated in the study. Participants were randomly assigned to the intervention group where they received six sessions of CBM‐I training (n = 31) in addition to treatment‐as‐usual or were put on a waiting list (n = 32). Participants' interpretation and attention biases, emotion regulation, affect, and ED psychopathology were assessed at baseline, end‐of‐intervention (4 weeks), and follow‐up (8 weeks). Results: Participants who completed the CBM‐I training displayed greater reductions in negative interpretation bias (Δη2 = 0.107) and emotion dysregulation (Δη2 = 0.085) with medium to large effect sizes compared to the control group, which were maintained from baseline to follow‐up. Disengagement from negative faces and a focus on positive faces was found in the intervention group with a moderate effect size at the end‐of‐intervention (Δη2 = 0.090). Both intervention and control groups showed improvements in ED psychopathology. Baseline neuroticism was positively correlated with CBM‐I effect. Discussion: The results suggest that modifying interpretation bias towards ambiguous social stimuli might be an effective adjuvant treatment to reduce negative expectations of social situations and improve emotion regulation in women with bulimia nervosa and anorexia nervosa. Highlights: Cognitive bias modification for interpretation (CBM‐I) training decreased negative interpretation bias towards ambiguous social situations with large effect sizes in women with anorexia nervosa (AN) and bulimia nervosa.The training also reduced attention bias towards negative face stimuli, difficulties in emotion regulation, and negative affect with moderate effect sizes.Participants with higher levels of baseline neuroticism experienced the training effect to a greater extent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: In honouring the legacy of Jude Byrne's life‐long advocacy for women and mothers who use drugs, this paper presents a case study of a group of women about whom we know little about and hear even less from: women who inject drugs in relatively affluent suburbs. Methods: Based on a 2020 qualitative study of people who inject drugs in an affluent area of Sydney known as 'The Beaches', we use in‐depth interview data to thematically explore the lived experiences of gendered stigma among women who inject drugs. Results: Even when women occupy the 'ideal' social position in terms of class (middle‐class) and race (White) they remain subject to harmful forms of gendered stigma related to injecting drug use. Participants had internalised negative attitudes around injection drug use as a form of failed femininity and, despite being part of 'good' families and neighbourhoods, participants experienced forced child removal. Discussion and Conclusions: Taking the lead from feminist intersectionality scholarship, our data illustrate how stigma and discrimination act as a form of structural violence against women who inject drugs in affluent communities. While the social relations of gender provide some degree of protection by 'performing proximity to Whiteness', gendered stigma and violence persist. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In polygynous species, male reproductive success is often determined by their ability to dominate female harems. Harem‐holders sire a disproportionate number of offspring. Male dominance tends to correlate with age, but intense competition and early male mortality limit most males from achieving high social status. To maximize reproductive success despite low rank, offspring sex ratio adjustment may have evolved, favoring the sex with higher fitness. If traits influencing dominance are heritable and confer reproductive advantages, we expect fathers with higher reproductive success to produce more sons, as they are more likely to become dominant. In contrast, subordinate males with lower success may benefit from siring more daughters. We tested this hypothesis on a colony of southern elephant seals breeding on the Kerguelen Archipelago. We used genetic markers to link the paternity of 540 pups to 58 breeding males. We found that the probability of siring a son increases from 43% to 54% with paternal relative reproductive success, supporting the offspring sex ratio adjustment hypothesis. Given that various factors influence sex ratio in a population, future studies should tease apart these ecological processes (e.g., paternal dominance, maternal condition, local density, or adult sex ratio) and investigate how they interact with each other. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While conspicuous consumption may be more prevalent for consumers identified as lower (vs. higher) social class, little is known about when and why they prefer conspicuousness in their consumption activities. Drawing from the conceptual perspectives of class‐based norms and self‐protection, we demonstrate the differential effects of social class on preferences for conspicuous logos and the possible explanations underlying the effects. To this end, we employ gift‐giving contexts and identify gift recipients (self‐recipient vs. other‐recipient) as an important boundary condition. Across four studies, lower‐ (vs. higher‐) social‐class consumers exhibit stronger preferences for conspicuous logos, particularly when choosing a gift for others. This effect occurs because lower‐ (vs. higher‐) social‐class consumers have a stronger desire to fit in with others and gain social status. These findings shed light on when and why lower‐social‐class consumers prefer conspicuous logos. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Previous literature has identified income, health status and social relationships as the most important predictors of subjective wellbeing (SWB). In addition, the literature has identified a non‐linear relationship between age and SWB, with a dip in SWB in midlife. Explanations of the non‐linear age–SWB relationship include the notion of unmet aspirations and the idea that people's emotional response to the drivers of SWB changes with age. Against this background, we use representative longitudinal data for Germany (1992–2019) with about 570,000 observations for more than 88,000 individuals aged 16–105 years to investigate if and how the association between SWB and its main predictors changes over the lifecycle. Using fixed effects estimation to control for cohort effects and unobserved personal characteristics, we find that the marginal effects of income and social relationships vary with age in a wave‐like fashion, while the positive marginal effect of good health status increases monotonically and progressively with age. Our results are similar for alternative measures of SWB (life satisfaction and living in misery), and for men and women separately. The age‐related changes in the importance of income and social relationships for SWB found in this paper help to explain the relationship between age and SWB found in previous literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]