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Nitrogen fertilizer is supplied for high production of Phyllostachys edulis (Carrière) J. Houz. shoots and culms. The objects of this study were to determine the optimum fertilizer amount, determine the effects of N fertilization on the promotion of photosynthesis, and provide help for remote sensing of fertilization effects. The shoot and culm production was significantly increased with 100, 250, and 400 kg N ha-1, and the two latter fertilization levels showed the best promoting effects without significant difference between them. Under N fertilization, the photosynthetic pigment content was increased, which led to a decline in the reflectance spectra. Nitrogen fertilization promoted quantum production and electron transport in photosystem II and inhibited the dissipation of absorbed light energy. The absorbed light energy can be emitted as fluorescence, which showed two main peaks in the red (685 nm) and far-red (735 nm) regions. The width and area of the fluorescence peak at 735 nm declined, suggesting that N fertilization promoted the transduction of absorbed light energy in photosystem I. A remarkable reduction in intercellular CO2 concentrations and the light compensation point and an increase in the light saturation point demonstrated that the CO2 assimilation ability was increased with N supplementation. Among the three fertilization levels, 250 kg N ha-1 had the best effect on photosynthesis. We concluded that 250 kg N ha-1 is more suitable for practical application. The reflectance indexes and reflectance intensity ratio F685/F735 were significantly changed with N fertilization, indicating that they have potential value for estimating fertilization effects on bamboo production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]