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Aim: Digital media use is prevalent among children and linked to potential developmental and health risks, but validated measures of children's digital media use are lacking. The aim of this study was to validate the Portuguese version of the ScreenQ with three distinct children's age groups. Methods: Parents of children living in Portugal completed an online survey including the 16‐item version of the ScreenQ and items related to home activities and digital media use. A combination of classical and modern theory (Rasch) methods was used for analysis. Results: A total of 549 mothers and 51 fathers of 325 girls and 322 boys from 6 months to 9 years and 11 months old responded to the survey. Point‐measure correlations were all positive and endorsement of item values were within acceptable ranges. Cronbach's coefficient α was acceptable for a new measure, and test–retest reliability was high. Statistically significant correlations were found between ScreenQ total scores and relevant demographic, play‐related, parenting and digital media use items. Conclusion: The Portuguese version of the ScreenQ exhibited sound psychometric properties, including internal consistency and concurrent validity referenced to external items. Higher ScreenQ scores were correlated with higher digital media multitasking, lower parent–child interaction, and higher concerns regarding child's learning and behaviour. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Comprehensive social cognition training programs have been effective to improve social cognition in people with chronic schizophrenia, although there is insufficient quality evidence for recent‐onset psychosis. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of Social Cognition and Interaction Training (SCIT) in a sample of recent‐onset schizophrenia outpatients. Sixteen participants who had their first psychotic episode for less than 2 years were randomly allocated to the SCIT group during 20 weeks (weekly sessions) or to a psychoeducation group and completed baseline and post‐training assessment for cognitive biases, social cognition, clinical symptoms and functioning. Permutation‐based analysis revealed improvements in overall functioning (P = 0.036) and blame score (P = 0.070) in the SCIT group compared to the psychoeducation intervention, with large effect sizes (d = 1.438 and d = 1.204, respectively). There were also large effect sizes for hostility, emotion recognition, social perception, positive and total symptoms (d = 0.833‐1.158). These results suggest that SCIT may be an effective tool to improve attributional biases and functional outcomes in recent‐onset schizophrenia outpatients. Future controlled trials with larger sample size and follow‐up assessments should be developed to further understand effective intervention outcomes for this population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives To understand the relation between 2D:4D ratio, frailty, and cognitive decline in community-dwelling elderly people. Methods A total of 175 community-dwelling elderly people were included. To determine frailty, participants completed the Tilburg Frailty Indicator (TFI) and the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE-FI). Cognitive functioning was determined using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). 2D and 4D finger lengths of each hand were measured using a scanner. Barthel Index, Lawton, and Brody scale were also completed for each participant to determine the level of daily living functioning. Results We did not find any correlations between 2D:4D ratio and frailty measures. We found a significant correlation between 2D:4D ratio and MMSE scores in the women sampled. Conclusions We cannot ascertain any contribution of prenatal exposure to androgens to the frailty status of community-dwelling elderly people. We found that reduced prenatal exposure to testosterone in women may contribute to the prevention of cognitive decline in elderly women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary Sleep is vital for health. It has regenerative and protective functions. Its disruption reduces the quality of life and increases susceptibility to disease. During sleep, there is a cyclicity of distinct phases that are studied for clinical purposes using polysomnography (PSG), a costly and technically demanding method that compromises the quality of natural sleep. The search for simpler devices for recording biological signals at home addresses some of these issues. We have reworked a single‐channel in‐ear electroencephalography (EEG) sensor grounded to a commercially available memory foam earplug with conductive tape. A total of 14 healthy volunteers underwent a full night of simultaneous PSG, in‐ear EEG and actigraphy recordings. We analysed the performance of the methods in terms of sleep metrics and staging. In another group of 14 patients evaluated for sleep‐related pathologies, PSG and in‐ear EEG were recorded simultaneously, the latter in two different configurations (with and without a contralateral reference on the scalp). In both groups, the in‐ear EEG sensor showed a strong correlation, agreement and reliability with the ‘gold standard’ of PSG and thus supported accurate sleep classification, which is not feasible with actigraphy. Single‐channel in‐ear EEG offers compelling prospects for simplifying sleep parameterisation in both healthy individuals and clinical patients and paves the way for reliable assessments in a broader range of clinical situations, namely by integrating Level 3 polysomnography devices. In addition, addressing the recognised overestimation of the apnea‐hypopnea index, due to the lack of an EEG signal, and the sparse information on sleep metrics could prove fundamental for optimised clinical decision making. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]