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Animal‐source foods (ASF) are an important source of nutrients in many developing countries. However, there is limited information on the demand for ASF and the factors influencing their consumption. This study assessed spatial and temporal patterns of ASF consumption in Tanzania using data from a nationally representative household survey. Price and expenditure elasticities of ASF demand were estimated by applying a censored Quadratic Almost Ideal Demand System (QUAIDS) model. Results showed a 30% increase in weekly household expenditure on ASF from USD 3.02 in 2008 to USD 3.94 in 2014. The likelihood of a household purchasing ASF was 4.5 percentage points higher in urban compared to rural areas. With the exception of dried fish, the expenditure elasticity of ASF demand was positive and statistically significant. Expenditure and own‐price elasticities were largest for chicken and lowest for dried fish. The responsiveness of ASF demand to own‐price changes was higher in rural than urban areas in all cases. The findings imply that public policies that either raise household incomes or lower ASF prices have the potential to increase the consumption of ASF and consequently improve food and nutrition security in Tanzania. [EconLit Citations: C33, D12, Q18]. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Market access for African livestock products has long been stymied by a variety of animal diseases endemic in the region. The concept of commodity-based trade (CBT) has been advanced to make trade dependent on process-related attributes of production that ensure freedom from disease rather than the geographical origin of the animals themselves. This article looks at the potential of CBT in improving market access for beef from communal areas of Namibia, which have historically been excluded from high-value export markets. Model results suggest only modest gains from CBT, given the substantial costs of compliance with SPS and quality standards required for high-value markets. Regional markets may still offer the best option for beef exports from these areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Market access for livestock products from Africa has traditionally been limited by the presence of certain infectious diseases that pose risks to animal and human health. However, an increasingly discussed option for widening that access is commodity-based trade (CBT) focusing on the health and safety attributes of the product rather than the disease status of the country of origin. There have, however, been few analyses on the potential economic impacts and unintended consequences of such an approach. This article examines the principles behind a dramatic shift in approach to trading opportunities that CBT might bring, exploring both technical and economic considerations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Because many animal diseases have strong transboundary attributes, their control can be reasonably characterised as an international public good. The potential for reservoirs of transboundary diseases to persist in developing countries that lack the capacity or incentives to control them implies a need for international financial transfers to fund control. However, the costs of control can be large compared with development assistance budgets, and the benefits small compared with the global benefits of control and the local benefits of other priority investments. This article outlines a framework for setting priorities for international development assistance for animal disease control based on the incidence of market and non-market impacts and the context in which outbreaks take place in endemic and susceptible countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is costly for meat producers, given its ability to rapidly spread over space, with control efforts in one region crucially depending on the control efforts undertaken in other regions. This paper presents a model of FMD control that applies system dynamics to the spatial spread of disease among South American countries with traditionally different control regimes and assesses the impact of alternative control strategies. Model results demonstrate that preventative vaccination led to shorter outbreaks (by over 2 weeks) than other strategies, though the resources required to implement this may be difficult to mobilize. The model also shows that a combination of region-specific policies often controls disease better than uniform region-wide approaches, suggesting the need for improved multinational coordination of disease control. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Animal disease outbreaks impose significant economic costs that evolve over space and time, but few studies have explicitly modeled their temporal and spatial impacts. Using an integrated epidemiological-economic model, this article demonstrates a methodology that captures the dynamic and spatial effects of animal disease. The model is applied to foot-and-mouth disease in the Southern Cone of South America. The results demonstrate the benefits of spatially sensitive policies in which certain regions within the Southern Cone employ different, coordinated interventions. Further, they highlight policy relevant differences between the dominant short-run and long-run control options. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For over a century, the countries of South America's Southern Cone have struggled to control or eradicate foot and mouth disease (FMD). These efforts have been undermined by a pronounced spatial spillover of the FMD virus. Because the virus spreads readily, the effectiveness of control efforts in one country, or on one ranch, is influenced by control efforts in nearby countries or ranches. These spatial effects are compounded by variations in incentives to control the disease and diverse sensitivities to neighbors. This article seeks to demonstrate how control behavior is affected by spatial spillovers of varied intensity and by heterogeneous incentives to control disease.

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