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Abstract Background Ant sting reactions are becoming an increasing problem in tropical countries. It is important for physicians to be aware of their possible cutaneous and systemic manifestations. Methods A child with a severe allergic reaction to an ant sting was examined and is discussed. This is the first case described in the literature caused by the ant Odontomachus bauri , and the biology of the ant and the clinical signs in the patient are described. Results A child developed a strong allergic reaction to an ant sting. The case was not associated with a previous ant sting. Treatment with the systemic antihistamine loratadine (Clarityn®) was favorable in this patient. Conclusions In tropical areas, ant stings are usually benign, self-limited pathologic processes. In some cases, however, severe allergic reactions can develop, including urticaria and anaphylactic shock. Physicians should be aware of the possible complications of ant stings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]